LAHTI ENERGIA OY

M.Sc. Matti Kivel Power Plant Manager R&D Lahti Energia Oy P.O. Box 93 FIN-15141 Lahti Finland Tel. 358 3 823 3240 matti.kivela@lahtienergia.fi

Contact

LAHTI ENERGIA OY
Founded. 1907 Turnover Personnel Electricity Energy Electricity Transfer District heating Steam Natural gas Customer - Electricity - District Heating - Natural Gas - Steam - Disctrict Cooling (Privat company 1.7.1990) 2005 122 235 1 246 1 217 1 259 348 236 86 468 79 752 6 371 335 9 1 2004 125 254 1 518 1 278 1 246 437 238 85 847 79 157 6 206 306 8 1 milj.

GWh GWh GWh GWh GWh kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl kpl

FUELS 2005 OF LAHTI ENERGIA OY

REF 4,7 % Wood 13,0 %

Other 0,5 %

Oil 0,8 %

Coal 49,5 %

Natural Gas 31,6 %

Power Station Kymijrvi

FLOW DIAGRAM OF POWER STATION

Steam Boiler Gasifier

FUEL TO PROCESS

Steam Turbine POWER

60 MW 300 MW 140 MW
Heat Recovery Boiler

130 MW
DISTRICT HEATING

250 MW
POWER

45 MW

Gas Turbine

Cooling water

POWER IN CONDENSING MODE 200 MW

DESCRIPTION OF GASIFIER FUELS

Wood: -Bark -Saw dust -Wood chips -Forest residue 60 000 MWh Contaminated wood: -Cuttings and plywood -Grinding dust -Demolition wood -Railway sleepers e.t.s. 130 000 MWh Peat (reserve fuel) 10 000 MWh REF (recycled fuel) 160 000 MWh Tyres, shredded plastic,e.t.c 40 000 MWh Total in casifier 400 000 MWh Total fuel input in main boiler 3 000 000 MWh Substitution of fossil fuels Coal 58.000 t (or as Natural gas 40 milj.m3) Annual operational time of casifier 7000 h

BIOMASS/WASTE GASIFICATION - COAL BOILER

360 MW

540 C/170 bar

Biomass 350 GWh/a -15 % fuel input Waste

Processing

Power * 600 GWh/a District Heat * 1000 GWh/a

Pulverized coal flames

60 MW Gasifier

Gas flame

Coal
Bottom ash

1850 GWh/a -80 % 100 GWh/a -5 %

Fly ash

Natural Gas

CFB BIOMASS GASIFIER 40 - 70 MW/th

Product Gas Main Components

Wood Fuel Range (%-dry) CO2 17 19.8 CO 4.5 9 H2 7 10.5 CxHy 3.4 6 N2 H2O Heating value appr. Average (%-wet) 12.9 4.6 5.9 3.4 40.2 33.0 2 - 3.5 MJ/kg (max 4.5 MJ/kg)

FUEL HANDLING LAY OUT

Screw Reclaimer Intermediate Storage Bio fuel Reception Screening Station Chain Conveyor to gasifier

Electrification and Automation

REF Reception

FUEL HANDLING GROSS-SECTION

Stacking Conveyor Chain Conveyor

Magnetic Separation

Screening Final Shredding

Screw Reclaimer Belt Conveyor

Gasifier Effect to Main Boiler Emissions

CO2 NOx SO2 Particulates CO Dioxins, etc. Heavy metals HCl Decrease by 100 000 t/a 10 % Decrease by 30 mg/m3n 5% Decrease by 60 - 75 mg/m3n 10 % Decrease by 15 mg/m3n 30% No change No change Increase in some elements, base level low Increase by 10-30 mg/m3n , base level low

EMISSION RAPORT
Component 11% O2 Hg Cd Tl Cd+ Tl Ni As Cu Co Pb Cr Sb Mn V Sn Zn Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V HCl HF Particulates PCDD/F (ng/mn I-TEQ) Referens 1997 g/mn 0,4 1,1 1,1 5,8 2,9 6,2 6,7 5,9 Meas. 1998 g/mn 0,9 0,9 0,9 10,6 7,7 12,3 8,4 9,8 Meas. 2001 g/mn 0,7 0,1 0,1 2 1,4 2,8 0,6 * 2,8 0,3 15 3,5 0,6 11 28,4 24 5 15 0,0007 Meas. 2003 g/mn < 0,2 0,1 < 0,6 0,7 1,6 1,4 2,1 0,2 2,8 3,8 0,7 2,3 1,8 0,7 10,3 16,7 27 0,3 7 < 0,001 Meas. 2004 g/mn 0,01 0,1 <0,05 0,1 1,8 1,5 6,5 0,5 4,8 7 1,8 6,8 2,8 1,2 24,5 59,2 62 0,6 7 0,14 Meas. 2005 g/mn 0,06 0,2 <0,2 0,44 3,2 1,5 7,1 0,7 5,4 3,8 3,8 7,1 3,8 1,2 21,9 36,4 45 1,9 9 < 0,01

23,6 27,5 0,3 2 19 0,009

41,7 48,8 11 2 13

Ashes
Leachability tests performed for main boiler filter ash and gasifier bottom ash Trace metal leachabilities low Gasifier bottom ash dumped Main boiler filter ash used on construction works (roads, etc.)
Authorities permission required case by case

GASIFIER FUELS ENERGY

100 % 80 % 60 % 40 %
63 5 15 9 14 29 23 9 15 15 49 31 36 39 25 225 GWh 342 GWh 295 GWh 445 GWh 407 GWh 14 415 GWh 22 427 GWh 25 297 GWh 30 30 5 40

11 34

11 31

11 38

8 38

Other Peat Paper Plastic REF Wood w. glue Wood

20 % 0%

48

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 YEAR

GASIFIER FUELS 1998-2005

ALTERNATIVES FOR FUTURE

Due to interpretation of WI-directive it is nessessery to do someting:(dead line 28.12.2005) continue with clean wood only cleaning of product gas before boiler and have acceptance for it new Power Plant for waste

Gas cleaning Pilot

LLV Sivuvirtalaitteisto
Virtauskaavio Lisaineen sytt (tuhka) Lisaineen sytt (Ca(OH)2) N2 N2 N2

Inertisointi N2

Tuuletus / paineenpoisto ulos Inertisointi N2 N2

Suodin

N2 TUOTEKAASUKANAVA

Kaasunjhdytin

Suodintuhkan palautus kaasuvirtaan.

Hyry

Vesiquench N2

N2

Inertisointi

Hyry

Waste Incineration Plant

Gasifier

Cooling, Cleaning Boiler

Sorbent Injection Flue Gas Cleaning Stack

Fuel 160 MW

Districtheating 95 MW Steam Turbine Power Generator 43 MW

Lay out

CONCLUSIONS
This concept offers efficient way to utilize biofuels and recycled refuse fuels utilization of the existing power plant capacity. Only small modifications in the main boiler Low investment and operation costs Low personal cost High efficiency Reduction of CO2-emission (10-15 %) Possible disturbances in the gasifier do not shut down the whole power plant.

Gasifier Building

REF Reception

REF

Wood

Mixed fuel

To Gasifier