TRONG C LNG KNH V TUYN H THNG MIMO NCS.

nh Thun (*)
Trong bi bo ny chng ti trnh by vai tr chui hun luyn s dng ti b thu tn hiu v tuyn dng cng ngh a anten pht a anten thu (MIMO). Gii php trnh by trong bi bo ny tp trung vo vic thit k chui hun luyn tha mn tnh trc giao. Nh ta bit, trong h thng MIMO, knh truyn c biu din l mt ma trn m cc phn t ca n l cc knh fading a ng. Gi tr knh ny khng c bit trc ti b thu tn hiu v tuyn. Do vy, ngi ta Hnh 1. M hnh truyn dn h thng v tuyn th h 4 dng MIMO 2x2 (hai anten pht hai anten thu) thit k cc b c lng knh nhm TNG QUAN MT S THIT K p dng vo cc khi c lng knh gip khi phc gi tr knh truyn, v V CHUI HUN LUYN [2], [3]. Trong cc m hnh ny, cc k nh khi phc chnh xc tn hiu hiu hun luyn c bit pha thu pht. Cc k thut c lng knh Vn t c thng tin trng thi c sp thm vo tn hiu mang tin dng ph bin trong lnh vc thng knh (CSI: channel state information) cng sut thp v nh vy ci thin tin di ng th h 2 v 3 l c lng chnh xc l nhn t quan trng trong hiu qu s dng bng thng. Mt knh bng phng php r (gii php vic khi phc tn hiu pht pha thu trong nhng hn ch ca cu trc ch yu dng thut ton c lng thng qua cc thut ton c lng dng chui ST l nhiu nh hng bnh phng cc tiu LS - Least square knh. Do vy, c lng knh l thnh gia chui hun luyn v cc k hiu vi chui hun luyn). Trong h thng phn quan trng trong cc h thng mang tin vi nhau. ST c ng dng v tuyn th h 4 MIMO ngi ta c truyn thng v tuyn. Ta c th thy trong c lng v cn bng knh th p dng k thut c lng knh rng cc khi c lng knh da trn trong cc h thng n sng mang bn m t c hiu qu v bng chui hun luyn c s dng rng dng k thut MIMO. Nhng h thng thng. ri trong truyn thng dng gi. i nh th ny s nh hng ln vic Chng ta xc nh chui hun vi cc h thng thng thng (chng gim cng sut tn hiu phn b cho luyn ti u nhm ti thiu ha li hn: h thng dng c lng nh k k hiu d liu. bnh phng trung bnh MSE (mean thut bnh phng cc tiu), chui square error) ca b c lng knh c tnh chu k hay chui chu k ti u theo mt iu kin rng buc v c nghin cu nh mt vn thu cng sut pht cho trc. Mt khc, ht nhiu nh nghin cu trong sut gim s k hiu hun luyn, thut thi gian di. Ngoi ra, cc phng ton bn m ny ch s dng t s k php c lng bn m cng c th hiu hun luyn cho cc ma trn knh p dng cc chui hun luyn c sau phn tch ma trn tha s SVD xut trong cc thut ton lai ghp. (Singular value decomposition). Kt Thit k chui hun luyn v sp xp hp u im ca phng php bn cc chui pilot cho c lng knh m vi chui hun luyn s gip ci khi fading la chn tn s c thin hiu qu s dng bng thng. xut cho m hnh mt anten pht mt Bn cnh , vn phn b cng anten thu SISO (single-input singlesut gia tn hiu mang tin v chui output) cng nh MIMO bng cch hun luyn cng c phn tch k trong ti thiu ha ng bao Cramer-Rao. bi bo ny. Cc m phng xc nhn Gn y, chui hun luyn xp chng Hnh 2. Mt thit b v tuyn dng cng ngh kt qu ti u cho gii php xut. ST (superimposed training) c MIMO in hnh

CHUI HUN LUYN TRC GIAO

VAI TR

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Hn na, cc chui hun luyn c th t v tr bt u mi cm hoc t nm trong chui cm. Trong mi trng fading nhanh hay truyn thng knh fading gn tnh, cc phng php hun luyn pht u cc cm k hiu t ra lm vic khng hiu qu. y l ng lc cho ta xut gii php nhng k hiu hun luyn vo mi khi tn hiu pht, thay v tp trung k hiu hun luyn vo phn u cm k hiu. Thc s c nhiu m hnh cho thit k pilot dnh cho knh chn la thi gian v chng c m rng cho cc knh mt anten, hai anten hay knh MIMO fading phng. Ngoi ra, vic thu knh khng hon ho s nh hng n hm s tnh ph thuc thng tin. Ngi ta cng c th thit k chui hun luyn thc hin kt hp vi dung lng knh v ng bao ca n. Cu trc tn hiu pilot trc giao trnh by trong bi bo ny c th thc hin ch cho c lng ma trn knh H. Cc ma trn trc giao ny s dng t tham s hn nn tng li c lng ng k. Cc chui pilot mi xut trong bi bo ny t c cht lng tng ng chui hun luyn da trn cu trc Hadamard. TIU CHUN KHI C LNG KNH MIMO Chng ta xem xt ma trn knh MIMO fading phng H C , trong t l s anten pht v r l s anten thu trong h thng. K hiu tn hiu thu dng phc y C , khi mi quan h gia tn hiu thu v pht biu din nh sau (1) (2) trong n l tham s v thi gian tc thi,
r 1 r t

u li trung bnh bnh phng MSE, ta phi ti thiu ha biu thc sa

= X pX p

f i ( p) = Pp e j 2

( p)

(4)

CHUI HUN LUYN XUT CHO C LNG KNH TRUYN Trong phn ny, chng ta tp trung vo vic thit k chui hun luyn ti u m c thm vo mi cm k hiu tn hiu cn pht trong khung d liu hon chnh. S pilot mi c
H

trong ca p.

( p)

(8)

l hm tuyn tnh

KT QU M PHNG Trong cc m phng ta tha nhn h thng MIMO vi 4 anten pht v 8 anten thu. K thut iu ch QPSK c p dng v m hnh knh Rayleigh c dng vi cc phn t ca n l cc bin Gaussian phc phn b xc nh c lp (i.i.d.) vi trung bnh bng 0 v phng sai n v. Trong m phng u tin, cc nh gi c lng knh theo hai tham s MSE v t l tn hiu trn nhiu (SNR) minh ha bi Hnh 3. S bc lp Monte Carlo l 1000 v s k hiu pilot 100 cng vi 1000 k hiu mang tin. Chng ta so snh c lng knh bn m da trn tiu chun ML (Maximum Likelihood) vi c lng LS thng thng v c lng da trn k thut d on tuyn tnh. Ta d thy rng k thut c lng bn m da trn ML tt hn cc k thut cn li bt k gi tr no ca SNR. K tip, tng t m phng u, chng ta trnh by k thut mi xut xt theo s pilot hun luyn khc nhau (Hnh 4). Chng ta c th ch ra rng s dng nhiu s pilot hun luyn s mang li kt qu tt hn. Tuy nhin, vn ln y l chng ta phi tnh ton tiu chun MSE da trn bng thng hu hn cho v do vy cn chn gii php s dng t chui hun luyn s ci thin hiu qu s dng bng thng.

chn sao cho ti thiu ha t HH r . Nh cp trong (4), iu kin ny tng ng vi min c ti thiu ha nu tch hai ma trn ny

{~ ~ }

l ma trn ng cho. u tin, ta xem xt vn phn b cng sut tn hiu cho phn d liu mang tin s(n) v phn tn hiu dnh cho hun luyn

X pX p

p = P
trong ,

(5)

S = (1 ) P, (0 < < 1)

(6) k hiu cho t l phn

b cng sut tn hiu; p , S v P l cng sut trung bnh ca chui hun luyn, tn hiu mang tin v tn hiu thu tng ng Ta xy dng tp cc tn hiu trc giao nh sau

F = f1 , f 2 ,..., f n (7) vi cc thnh phn ca n tha mn biu thc

MSE versus SNR LS Estimation Linear prediction based method ML Estimation -10
1

x ( n ) = s ( n ) + c( n ) x C t1

l tn hiu pht

dng phc v w (n) l thnh phn nhiu Gaussian trng cng theo thi gian. Ngoi ra, s(n) l d liu, c(n) l phn tn hiu hun luyn trc giao chn vo trc k hiu tn hiu pht. Tiu chun MSE c nh ngha da trn ma trn t tng quan li c lng knh
MSE (dB)

~ H = HH

(3) Ch rng ma trn knh H c quan h vi tn hiu pht phn chui hun luyn

~~ R = E HH H

-10

10

X p . Do vy, tiu chun ti

15 20 Eb/No, dB

25

30

Hnh 3. nh gi MSE v SNR

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MSE versus pilot length (SNR=10 dB) LS Estimation Linear prediction based method ML Estimation

tiu ti thiu ha li h thng. Cui cng, cc phn tch MSE trong cc m phng chng minh s ci thin trong thit k b c lng knh cho h thng MIMO. (*) Ging vin khoa in-in T -Trng H Tn c Thng
Ti liu tham kho M. Dong and L.Tong, Optimal design and placement of pilot symbols for channel estimation, IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol.50, No.12, pp. 3055-3069, Dec. 2002 S. He, J.K. Tugnait, and Xiaohong Meng, On superimposed training for MIMO channel estimation and symbol detection, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 55, No. 56, pp. 3007-3021, June 2007. J.K. Tugnait, Xiaohong Meng, and S. He, Doubly selective channel estimation using superimposed training and exponential bases models, EURASIP Journal of Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2006, No. 85303, pp. 1-11, June 2006.

MSE (dB)

-10

20

40

60

80 pilot length

100

120

140

Hnh 4. nh gi MSE cho cc di chui hun luyn khc nhau

MSE versus SNR Hadamard based pilot scheme new pilot scheme

-10

MSE (dB)

15 20 25 Eb/No, dB Hnh 5. nh gi MSE cho cc s pilot hun luyn khc nhau

10

30

Trong m phng th 3 (Hnh 5), cc kt qu dnh cho hai cu trc gm chui Hadamard v chui hun luyn mi xut. Theo yu cu ca phn mm MATLAB (hm hadamard(.)), chng ta thit lp li s pilot cho c hai cu trc tn hiu hun luyn l 96 k hiu. Ta c th thy rng cht lng hai cu trc tn hiu pilot ny l gn tng ng nhau xt trn hai tham s MSE v SNR. KT LUN Chng ta trnh by chui pilot cng vi phn b cng sut ph hp s

dng cho cc k thut c lung ph bin, l c lng bnh phng cc tiu thng thng, c lng da vo d on tuyn tnh, c lng bn m. Thng qua bi bo ny, ta c th thy rng thit k hp l cho chui hun luyn c nh hng ng k ln suy gim s tham s cn x l trong vic tnh ton gi tr knh ca b c lng knh MIMO. u im ny cng dn n ci thin chnh xc h thng da trn tiu chun MSE. Chng ta c gng kt hp u im ca thut ton c lng bn m vi cc chui pilot trc giao xut trong gii php c lng bnh phng cc

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