Kha hc LTH cp tc mn Ha Thy Sn

Bi 19. Trng tm kin thc ha v c

BI 19. TRNG TM KIN THC HA V C TI LIU BI GING

Li tnh

Nhm IA 7 3Li , 23 11Na , 39 19K , 85 37Rb , 133 , 55Cs 223 87Fr

-Rt mm - tnc, ts : rt thp - D : rt nh

Nhm IIA 9 4Be , 24 12Mg , 40 20Ca , 87,6 , 38Sr Ba137, 56 226 88Ra

- Mm - tnc, ts : thp (tr Be) - D nh (tr Ba)

Nhm 27 13Al

- Trng bc, d ko si dt mng, nh, dn nhit, dn in tt. - tnc = 660oC

Crom 52 24Cr

- Trng nh bc, l KL cng nht. - tnc cao (1890C) D = 3 7,2g/cm (nng)

Ho tnh Tnh kh rt mnh M M+ + e T/d phi kim 4M + O2 2M2O 2M + X2 2MX T/d nc 2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 T/d axit 2M + 2H+ 2M+ + H2 T/d dd mui 2M + 2H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + M2SO4+ H2 Tnh kh mnh M M2+ + 2e T/d phi kim 2M + O2 2MO M + X3 MX2 T/d nc (tr Be) M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2 T/d axit M + 2H+ M2+ + H2 T/d dd mui (tr Be, Mg) 2M + 2H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + MSO4 + H2 Tnh kh mnh: Al Al3+ + 3e T/d phi kim 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 4Al + 3C Al4C3 T/d nc (p/ dng ngay) 2Al + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3+ 3H2 T/d dung dch axt 2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2 Khng t/d H2SO4, HNO3 c ngui T/d oxt KL hot ng km 2Al + Cr2O3 Al2O3 + 2Cr T/d dd kim Al+H2O+NaOH NaAlO2+3/2H2 Tnh kh trung bnh Cr Cr3+ + 3e Cr Cr2+ + 2e T/d nhiu phi kim 4Cr + 3O2 2Cr2O3 2Cr + 3Cl2 2CrCl3 Khng t/d nc do c lp oxt bo v

iu ch

2MCl pnc 2M + Cl2 2MOH pnc 2M + O2 + 2H2O

Hp cht quan trng NaOH : l baz mnh NaOH +CO2 NaHCO3 2NaOH+CO2 Na2CO3+H2O NaHCO3 mn, t tan,lng tnh NaHCO3+HCl NaCl+CO2+H2O NaHCO3+NaOH Na2CO3+H2O NaHCO3+HOH NaOH+H2CO3 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+CO2+HsO Na2CO3 bt trng, tan tt, to nhit Na2CO3+H2O NaOH +NaHCO3 Na2CO3+2HCl 2NaCl+CO2+H2O CaO (vi sng) l oxit baz CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 CaO + 3C CaC2 + CO Ca(OH)2 (vi ti) t tan Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO3+H2O Ca(OH)2+2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2+Cl2 CaOCl2 CaCO3 ( vi) rn, trng, khng tan CaCO3+2HCl CaCl2+CO2+H2O CaCO3+CO2+H2O Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 t CaO+CO2(nung vi) Al2O3 lng tnh, rt rn, trng, khng tan, chu nhit Al2O3+6H 2Al3++3H2O Al2O3+6H 2Al3++3H2O Al(OH)3 lng tnh, khng tan 2Al(OH)3 t Al2O3 + 3 H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + H2O Al(OH)3 + OHAlO2- + 2H2O Mui nhm Al2(SO4)3+6H2O 2Al(OH)3+3H2S O4 Phn chua KAl(SO 4)2.12H2O lm trong nc. Hp cht Cr (II) CrO + 2H+ Cr2+ + H2O Cr(OH)2 + 2H+ Cr2+ + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)2+O2+2H2O 4Cr(OH)3 2CrCl2 + Cl2 2CrCl3 Hp cht Cr (III) Hiroxit lng tnh Cr(OH)3 + 3H+ Cr3+ + 3H2O
o o

MCl2

pnc

M+Cl2

2Al2O3

pnc Na3 AlF6

4Al +3O2

2Al+Cr2O3

to

2Cr + Al2O3

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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Kha hc LTH cp tc mn Ha Thy Sn

T/d axt Cr + 2H+ Cr2++ H2 Cr+12HCl+O2 4CrCl3+2H2O+4H2 T/d dd kim Cr + 3NaNO3 + 2NaOH Na2CrO4 + 3NaNO2 + H2O Tnh kh trung bnh Fe Fe3 + 3e Fe Fe2+ + 2e T/d nhiu phi kim 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Fe + S FeS T/d nc 3Fe + 4H2O 4H2 + Fe3O4 Fe + H2O FeO + H2 T/d axit OXH yu Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 Fe+4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O Khng t/d H2SO4, HNO3 c ngui T/d dd mui KL km hot ng Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Tnh kh yu Cu Cu+ + e Cu Cu2+ + 2e T/d phi kim Cu + 1/2O2 CuO Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 2Cu + Cl2 2CuCl Cu + 2HCl + O2 CuCl2 + H2O T/d axit OXH mnh Cu+2H2SO4 CuSO4+SO2+2H2O Cu+4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2 O T/d dd mui KL yu hn Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Cu2+

Bi 19. Trng tm kin thc ha v c

Cr(OH)3 + OH CrO2 + 2H2O Mui Cr3+ c tnh OXH 2Cr3+ + 3Zn 3Zn2+ + 2Cr Mui Cr3+ c tnh kh 2Cr3++3Br2+16OH 2CrO42+6Br Hp cht Cr (VI) : OXH rt mnh Hp cht Fe (II) FeO + 2H+ Fe2+ + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2O Tnh kh 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 3FeO+10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3+NO + 5 H2O 4Fe(OH)2+O2 +2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Hp cht Fe (III) Fe2O3 + 6H+ 2Fe3+ + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ Fe3+ + 3H2O Tnh OXH 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 2FeCl3 + Cu CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 Nhit phn 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O CuO en, rn, khng tan CuO + 2H+ Cu2+ + H2O CuO + CO Cu + CO2 3Cu + 2NH3 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O Cu(OH)2 khng tan, xanh Cu(OH)2 + 2H+ Cu2+ + 2H2O Nhit phn Cu(OH)2 t CuO + H2O To phc Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)4(OH)2 Mui Cu2+ a s d tan, mu xanh Nhit phn 2Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
o

St Fe56 26

- Trng xm, do, kh chy, nhim t. - tnc cao (1540oC) -D= 7,9g/cm3 (nng)

FexOy+ yCO t xFe + yCO2 FeCl2 pdd Fe+Cl2 FeSO4+H2O Fe+H2SO4+1/2O2

ng 64 29Cu

- Mu , mm do, dn in, nhit tt. - tnc cao (1683oC) D = 8,98g/cm3 (nng)

Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu CuO + C t Cu + CO 2CuFeS2+2O2 2Cu+Fe2O3 + 4SO2 CuCl2 pdd Cu+Cl2

o

Gio vin: Phm Ngc Sn Ngun: Hocmai.vn

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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