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0 INTRODUCTION In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking. Normally, the job is managed by a project manager, and supervised by a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. There are three main phases in a construction project which is inception phase, construction phase and completion phase. In the inception phase of construction project, this may involve of pre tendering, tendering and awarding of contract and after that ,it may proceed to construction phase and the lastly is completion phase.

y y

Pre Tender Phase Conceptual drawings (normally prepare by an architect). Preliminary drawings (various amendment) INCEPTION PHASE

Tendering Phase Tender drawings

(Pre- construction Phase

Awarding of contract to the successful contractor Phase y Contract drawings

y y

Construction Phase Construction drawings (endorse by architect /engineer with input from. Shop drawings (prepare by sub- contractor, endorse by consultant).

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Completion Phase / Post Construction Phase As-built drawings (after construction completed)

COMPLETION PHASE (Post-construction Phase)

Figure 1.1: Drawings associate to various phases in a construction project.

2.0 INCEPTION PHASE In this level, combining the analysis with the engineer experienced and other scheme before deters the dimension and materials that will be used in each scheme. This is why the consultant engineer with certain skill is given the work. Perfection in engineering for the suggestion of decision that had been chosen then will be studied carefully and the design is made by the analysis. 2.1 Pre-Tender Phase This stage is the process the client normally initiates the project. The client will submit the project (verbal to written) brief to the project manager (traditionally an architect for building works and civil engineering works). A written project brief is a document stating the needs, objectives, land site (lot number), surrounding, and progress up-to-date and all relevant facts about the project. The architect shall later produce the conceptual drawings (may be various amendments). At this stage the client must determine how the project planning shall be executed in terms of: a) Management and co-ordination @project delivery Method/ system. b) Design. c) Construction Pre- tender phase.

Client identifies needs & defines objective of the project.

Client submits a detailed project brief.

Conceptual drawings

Feasibility study

Site investigation

Client determines how the project planning shall be executed in term of: y Management and co- ordination @ project delivery method/system. y Design y Construction.

Preliminary drawings (Various amendments)

Continue to tendering Phase. Figure 1.2: flow chart show the process for pre-tender phase.

Management and co-ordination The employer must determine whether to exercise Traditional contract (Traditional Method of Management) or Turnkey contract (turnkey Project). Traditional contract y y Description There is separation of design and y construction. The contractor is responsible for the y construction, and the owner is responsible for the supervision of the construction work, co-ordinate by a project manager. Merit Owner s has greater control on the y design and specification of the project. Owner will be able to obtain competitive tenders. y Turnkey contract There is no separation of design and construction. The owner hires a contractor who undertakes the entire responsibility of the project from design to construction and commission.

y y

y y y y y y Demerit Owner has more responsibility as to y coordinate and check on the project. When there is design and supervision y problem, owner has to investigate. There are risks in claims against owner in design faults. The project may finish late.

It save time as owner only deals with one person for the design and construction. When there are design and supervision problems, it is contractor responsibility. Is reduces claims against owner in design faults. The project may finish early. Owner control lesser on the design and specification of the project. The contractor will charge more than actual consultant s fees in line with the additional responsibility and risk.

Design To carry out the design work, the client may: a) Use in house technical team. b) Employ consultants. Construction i. Supervision of construction works. To supervise the contractor s works, the client may: y Use in-house technical team. y Employ consultants (preferably consultants who carry out the design).

ii.

Method of construction. Method of construction Contractor supply labours, tools and Contractor supply labours and tools only materials. client provides materials. Merit y Contractor can organize their work y Owner may save cost of materials without client interferes. because trade discount goes to the owner. y Client will not worry about delay of materials. y Owner has better control over the quality of materials used y Contractor will try to finish on time to receive the payment. y Owner has better control over cash flow.(owner decides when to hire labour contractor) Demerit y The price of material will be high y Owner has to co-ordinate for the due to contractor s mark-up. resources (labours, materials, tools). y The quality of material is difficult to control. y Owner has to pay even though there is no work. y Contractor may delay to claim for extra. y Contractors may not control the amount of material use thus cause wastage. y There may be low quality of workmanship.

2.2 Tendering phase 1. The project viability study shall be carried out for the last time and the tender documents shall be produced. There shall be two definitions for tender documents: a) Tender document produced by consultant shall be defined as a written matter as a mean of defining the scope of a proposal from the owner to the contractor for pricing of times during tendering stage. b) Tender document submitted by contractor shall be defined as a written matter as a mean of defining the scope of an offer from the contractor. 2. After that, the tender document is to give description of work and site condition to enable the contractor work out viable plan of operation. 3. After that, the tender is open to the contractor. Contractors attracted to the tender advertisement shall refer to the table document and purchase the tender document if they are keen on the project. 4. Completed tender documents must be submitted to the consultants in due time. Normally they will be submitted along with the tender deposit and construction program. 5. Tender documents submitted by contractors all will scrutinize by the open tender committee. Tendering Phase

Final viability study of the project.

Tender documents and tender drawings are produced

Tender open to contractors

Scrutiny of Tender Documents.

Contractors interested submit their bid or tender document (with deposit and construction program). Continue to awarding phase.

Contractors interested refer to table tender document.

Selected contractors were interviewed.

Figure 1.3: flow chart show the process for tendering phase.

2.3 Awarding phase 1. Normally the tender committee will recommend a few short-listed tenders, but only one contractor will be awarded the contract. For a mega project, it may be awarded to several contractors, co-ordinate by government representatives (or project management consultants). 2. The succeeded contractor and the owner shall sign the contract document prepared by consultants. The contract document is considered as the agreement between them. A contract document is a document used as a mean of defining the scope of work for reference during construction phase until completion phase.

Awarding phase

Recommending tenders

Continue to construction phase.

Awarding of contract to the successful contractor, contract document with contract drawings were

Figure 1.4: Flow chart show the process for awarding phase. The primary objectives of the Inception phase include:
y y y y y

Discriminating the critical use cases of the system, the primary scenarios of operation that will drive the major design tradeoffs. Exhibiting, and maybe demonstrating. Estimating the overall cost and schedule for the entire project (and more detailed estimates for the elaboration phase that will immediately follow) Estimating potential risks (the sources of unpredictability) Preparing the supporting environment for the project.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, in inception phase of a construction project, it is actually the management of the beginning of the construction, it is determine about how it is link to create a good decision and choose good alternatives of the project. This was include a total estimate cost, how the project a going to construct either by traditional or turnkey, the design of the construction project and selected the best contractor for the project.

REFERENCE 1. Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction 2. Ecm 307 Construction Management; Chan Hun Beng,Jan 2009 . 3. ECM 307 Introductions To Construction Management, Faculty Of Civil Engineering Uitm Sarawak Kampus Samarahan. 4. http://rup.hops-fp6.org/process/itrwkfls/iwf_iii.htm

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA (UITM)


Ecm307 introduction to construction management Assignment 1(ECD6C2) Title: Inception Phase
Group member: Gordon Dahing Vinsen Sibin Md Azan Bin Sadie Mohd. Azlan Bin Mahmmud Maureen Ak Neging 11 oct 2010

Lecture Name : Date of submission:

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