Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up

L
A
T
E
X: More Than Just Academic Papers and Theses
Lt Lian 1ze
liantze@gmail.com
http://liantze.penguinattack.org/
cbna
Malaysian Open Source Conference io
Lt Lian 1ze ost io / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Contents
What are T
E
X, L
A
T
E
X and Friends?
i Document Types
( Special Material
. Wrapping Up
Lt Lian 1ze ost io i / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Contents
What are T
E
X, L
A
T
E
X and Friends?
i Document Types
( Special Material
. Wrapping Up
Lt Lian 1ze ost io ( / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
What are T
E
X and L
A
T
E
X, and Friends?
T
E
X ASCII TeX. /tEx/. /tEk/
A computer typesetting system crealed by Donald Knulh
for lhe crealion of beauliful books
L
A
T
E
X ASCII LaTeX. /"leItEx/. /"leItEk/. /"lA:tEx/. /"lA:tEk/
A document preparation system by Leslie Lamporl
Binaries -T
E
X addilional primilives lo 1
F
X
pdfT
E
X addilional PDFrelaled primilives
X
E
T
E
X nalive U1Fc inpul: can access syslem fonls
LuaT
E
X includes lhe Lua scripling engine
Friends BIBT
E
X. MakeIndex. METAFONT. METAPOST. . . .
http://www.ctan.org/what
_
is
_
tex.html
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Why?
From http://www.ctan.org/what
_
is
_
tex.html
Output Quality
Il has lhe besl oulpul.
Il knows lypeselling.
Superior Engineering
Ils fasl.
Ils slable.
Ils nol rigid (exlensible).
Plain lexl inpul.
Many oulpul lypes.
Freedom
Ils free.
Il runs anywhere.
Popularity
Ils lhe slandard (in
academia and science).
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Where Would I Want to Use L
A
T
E
X?
Documenls wilh complex slruclures
Lols of malhemalics (or olher specifc needs)
When publishers require lhem
Balch processing
Backend of olher applicalions
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
How Do I Use It?
Wrile a plain lexl L
A
1
F
X fle (.tex)
i Run il lhrough pdflatex or xelatex PDF oulpul
(or latex + dvips + ps2pdf for DVI - PS - PDF)
( Run bibtex and/or makeindex lo process bibliographies. indices
. Rerun pdflatex lo resolve references and poinlers
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Example .tex File
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\author{Lim Lian Tze}
\title{An Introductory Paper}
\date{\today}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\begin{abstract}
This paper introduces\ldots
\end{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
We consider\ldots
\section{State of the Art}
We look at\ldots
\subsection{Document Formats}
There are many\ldots
\end{document}
An Introductory Paper
Lim Lian Tze
June 7, 2011
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 State of the Art 1
2.1 Document Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Abstract
This paper introduces. . .
1 Introduction
We consider. . .
2 State of the Art
We look at. . .
2.1 Document Formats
There are many. . .
1
pdflatex
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Where Do I Get It?
Windows MiK1
F
X. 1
F
XLive
Un*x, GNU/Linux 1
F
XLive
Mac OS X Mac1
F
X (based on 1
F
XLive)
Installation Use your OS package manager
(or download manually)
Editors vi. emacs. 1exmaker. 1eXworks. . . .
L
A
T
E
X Packages Use MiK1
F
X or 1
F
XLives package manager
Documentation (1
F
XLive) $ texdoc <package name>
(MiK1
F
X) $ mthelp <package name>
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Easy to Learn, Hard to Master
Customising may not be straightforward (vs word processors)
Intentionally so: Style guidelines should be followed strictly
Publisher/organisation provides document class or style fles
Use these to take care of formatting and styling, focus on the content
Fair enough.
But where do I learn all the stun the T
F
Xnicians and 1
F
Xperls do?
(There is a learning curve)
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Getting Help
Many free lulorials and ebooks on lhe Web (beware of obsolele ones!)
Getting to Grips with L
A
T
E
X. Andy Roberls.
http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/
L
A
T
E
X: Beautiful Typesetting. Lim Lian 1ze.
http://liantze.penguinattack.org/latextypesetting.html
L
A
T
E
X and Friends. M.R.C. van Dongen.
http://csweb.ucc.ie/~dongen/LaTeX-and-Friends.pdf
The L
A
T
E
X WikiBook. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
Questions?
T
F
X FAO. http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html
1
F
X.SX. http://tex.stackexchange.com/
comp.text.tex usenel group
Malaysian L
A
1
F
X User Group. http://latex-my.blogspot.com/
Arrange for lraining
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
So. Whal Can L
A
1
F
X Do?
Lt Lian Tze | ost io i / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Contents
What are T
E
X, L
A
T
E
X and Friends?
i Document Types
( Special Material
. Wrapping Up
Lt Lian 1ze ost io ( / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Basic Types
Books
\documentclass{book}
\author{...}
\title{...}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\chapter{...}
\section{...}
...
\subsection{...}
\end{document}
A Wonderful Read
A. Dummy
3rd June 2011
Chapter 1
Heading on level 0 (chapter)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
1.1 Heading on level 1 (section)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
1.1.1 Heading on level 2 (subsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
3
4 CHAPTER 1. HEADING ON LEVEL 0 (CHAPTER)
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
Heading on level 3 (subsubsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
Heading on level 4 (paragraph) Hello, here is some text without a
meaning. This text should show, how a printed text will look like at this
place. If you read this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there
no information? Is there a dierence between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this gives
you information about the selected font, how the letters are written and the
impression of the look. This text should contain all letters of the alphabet
and it should be written in of the original language. There is no need for a
special contents, but the length of words should match to the language.
1.2 Lists
1.2.1 Example for list (itemize)
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Third item in a list
Fourth item in a list
Fifth item in a list
1.2. LISTS 5
Example for list (4*itemize)
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
1.2.2 Example for list (enumerate)
1. First item in a list
2. Second item in a list
3. Third item in a list
4. Fourth item in a list
5. Fifth item in a list
Example for list (4*enumerate)
1. First item in a list
(a) First item in a list
i. First item in a list
A. First item in a list
B. Second item in a list
ii. Second item in a list
(b) Second item in a list
2. Second item in a list
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Basic Types (contd)
Arlicles
\documentclass{article}
\author{...}
\title{...}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{...}
...
\subsection{...}
\end{document}
A Wonderful Read
A. Dummy
3rd June 2011
1 Heading on level 1 (section)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
1.1 Heading on level 2 (subsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
1.1.1 Heading on level 3 (subsubsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show, how a
printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a dierence between
this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind!
1
A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original language.
There is no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
Heading on level 4 (paragraph) Hello, here is some text without a
meaning. This text should show, how a printed text will look like at this
place. If you read this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there
no information? Is there a dierence between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this gives
you information about the selected font, how the letters are written and the
impression of the look. This text should contain all letters of the alphabet
and it should be written in of the original language. There is no need for a
special contents, but the length of words should match to the language.
2 Lists
2.1 Example for list (itemize)
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Third item in a list
Fourth item in a list
Fifth item in a list
2.1.1 Example for list (4*itemize)
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
2
2.2 Example for list (enumerate)
1. First item in a list
2. Second item in a list
3. Third item in a list
4. Fourth item in a list
5. Fifth item in a list
2.2.1 Example for list (4*enumerate)
1. First item in a list
(a) First item in a list
i. First item in a list
A. First item in a list
B. Second item in a list
ii. Second item in a list
(b) Second item in a list
2. Second item in a list
2.3 Example for list (description)
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Third item in a list
Fourth item in a list
Fifth item in a list
2.3.1 Example for list (4*description)
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
3
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
4
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Journal and Conference Proceedings Articles
IFFF
\documentclass{IEEEtran}
1
A Wonderful Read
A. Dummy
AbstractHello, here is some text without a meaning.
This text should show, how a printed text will look like
at this place. If you read this text, you will get no
information. Really? Is there no information? Is there
a difference between this text and some nonsense like
Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like
this gives you information about the selected font, how the
letters are written and the impression of the look. This text
should contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be
written in of the original language. There is no need for
a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
I. HEADING ON LEVEL 1 (SECTION)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This
text should show, how a printed text will look like
at this place. If you read this text, you will get
no information. Really? Is there no information?
Is there a difference between this text and some
nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never
mind! A blind text like this gives you information
about the selected font, how the letters are written
and the impression of the look. This text should
contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be
written in of the original language. There is no need
for a special contents, but the length of words should
match to the language.
A. Heading on level 2 (subsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This
text should show, how a printed text will look like
at this place. If you read this text, you will get
no information. Really? Is there no information?
Is there a difference between this text and some
nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never
mind! A blind text like this gives you information
about the selected font, how the letters are written
and the impression of the look. This text should
contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be
written in of the original language. There is no need
for a special contents, but the length of words should
match to the language.
1) Heading on level 3 (subsubsection): Hello,
here is some text without a meaning. This text
should show, how a printed text will look like
at this place. If you read this text, you will get
no information. Really? Is there no information?
Is there a difference between this text and some
nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never
mind! A blind text like this gives you information
about the selected font, how the letters are written
and the impression of the look. This text should
contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be
written in of the original language. There is no need
for a special contents, but the length of words should
match to the language.
a) Heading on level 4 (paragraph): Hello,
here is some text without a meaning. This text
should show, how a printed text will look like
at this place. If you read this text, you will get
no information. Really? Is there no information?
Is there a difference between this text and some
nonsense like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never
mind! A blind text like this gives you information
about the selected font, how the letters are written
and the impression of the look. This text should
contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be
written in of the original language. There is no need
for a special contents, but the length of words should
match to the language.
II. LISTS
A. Example for list (itemize)
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Third item in a list
Fourth item in a list
Fifth item in a list
1) Example for list (4*itemize):
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
ACM
\documentclass{sig-alternate}
A Wonderful Read
A. Dummy
ABSTRACT
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show,
how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this
text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no informa-
tion? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this
gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are
written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original
language. There is no need for a special contents, but the length of
words should match to the language.
1. Heading on level 1 (SECTION)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should
show, how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read
this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no infor-
mation? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this
gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are
written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original
language. There is no need for a special contents, but the length of
words should match to the language.
1.1 Heading on level 2 (subsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should
show, how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read
this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no infor-
mation? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this
gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are
written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original
language. There is no need for a special contents, but the length of
words should match to the language.
1.1.1 Heading on level 3 (subsubsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are
not made or distributed for prot or commercial advantage and that copies
bear this notice and the full citation on the rst page. To copy otherwise, to
republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specic
permission and/or a fee.
MOSC 2011, July 35, 2011, Penang, Malaysia.
Copyright 2011 ACM 123-4-56789-012-3/11/0007 ...$10.00.
show, how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read
this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no infor-
mation? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this
gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are
written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original
language. There is no need for a special contents, but the length of
words should match to the language.
Heading on level 4 (paragraph).
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should
show, how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read
this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no infor-
mation? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense
like Huardest gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this
gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are
written and the impression of the look. This text should contain
all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in of the original
language. There is no need for a special contents, but the length of
words should match to the language.
2. Lists
2.1 Example for list (itemize)
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Third item in a list
Fourth item in a list
Fifth item in a list
2.1.1 Example for list (4*itemize)
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
First item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
Second item in a list
LLNCS
\documentclass{llncs}
A Wonderful Read
A. Dummy
No Institute Given
Abstract Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should
show, how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text,
you will get no information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a
dierence between this text and some nonsense like Huardest gefburn.
Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this gives you information about
the selected font, how the letters are written and the impression of the
look. This text should contain all letters of the alphabet and it should
be written in of the original language. There is no need for a special
contents, but the length of words should match to the language.
1 Heading on level 1 (section)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show,
how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text,
you will get no information. Really? Is there no information? Is there
a dierence between this text and some nonsense like Huardest
gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this gives you infor-
mation about the selected font, how the letters are written and the
impression of the look. This text should contain all letters of the al-
phabet and it should be written in of the original language. There is
no need for a special contents, but the length of words should match
to the language.
1.1 Heading on level 2 (subsection)
Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show,
how a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text,
you will get no information. Really? Is there no information? Is there
a dierence between this text and some nonsense like Huardest
gefburn. Kjift Never mind! A blind text like this gives you infor-
mation about the selected font, how the letters are written and the
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Some Goodies
Ouick language-switching wilh babel
Aulomalic generalion of cross-referencing labels
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
... We saw in section \ref{sec:intro}...
Aulomalic generalion of lists
\tableofcontents. \listoffigures. \listoftables
Aulomalic generalion of bibliographies and indices
\cite{Knuth:1976}...\bibliography{references.bib}
...the Linux kernel\index{Linux!kernel}... \printindex
Fully hyperlinked PDF wilh bookmarks \usepackage{hyperref}
Inclusion of selecled pages from olher PDFs
(while inserling new page headers/foolers!)
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\includepdf[pages={1,3-5,8},pagecommand=\thispagestyle{plain}]{file.pdf}
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Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
University Theses
Universili Sains Malaysia \documentclass{usmthesis}
WRITING YOUR THESIS WITH LATEX
by
LIM LIAN TZE
Thesis submitted in fullment of the requirements
for the degree of
Master of Science
December 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
List of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
List of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Abstrak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: SAMPLES OF BASIC LATEX
COMMANDS
1.1 Some Simple Command Usages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Useful Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
CHAPTER 2 CITATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
2.1 The *.bib File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Citations using the natbib package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.1 Author-Year System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.2 Numeric System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 3 FIGURES, TABLES, EQUATIONS, ALGORITHMS, ETC
3.1 Inserting Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Inserting Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 Inserting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
iii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION: SAMPLES OF BASIC LATEX
COMMANDS
Hello and welcome, fellow Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) research postgrad! The
usmthesis package and template les were written in the hope that they may help
you prepare your research thesis using LATEX, based on the Institut Pengajian Siswazah
(IPS) requirements (IPS, 2007). Please note that this version is based on the new
guidelines, in force 17 Dec 2007 onwards. (Song, Cai, Lyu and Cai, 2002)
LATEX is powerful and produces beautiful documents. However, there is denitely
a learning curve to it one that is worth the effort. If you nd any errors in these
templates or documents, or have any suggestions or feedback, do e-mail me about it
(liantze@gmail.com). The author cannot always guarantee prompt response, how-
ever.
MiKTEX, my recommended LATEX distribution for Windows, is available on the
CSPC07 CD. A step-by-step installation walkthrough is available at (Lim, 2009).
1.1 Some Simple Command Usages
There are plenty of free LATEX tutorials online, some of which are listed in the bibli-
ographies or available at http://e-ofce.cs.usm.my. This sample thesis includes some
examples to do some common tasks. We start with some examples for lists (both bul-
1
REFERENCES
Changsheng, X., Wang, J., Lu, L. and Zhang, Y. (2008). A novel framework for
semantic annotation and personalized retrieval of sports video, Multimedia, IEEE
Transactions on 10(3): 421436.
DOrazio, T., Leo, M., Spagnolo, P., Mazzeo, P. L., Mosca, N., Nitti, M. and Distante,
A. (2009). An investigation into the feasibility of real-time soccer offside detec-
tion from a multiple camera system, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND
SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 19(12): 18041818.
DOrazio, T., Leo, M., Spagnolo, P., Nitti, M., Mosca, N. and Distante, A. (2009).
A visual system for real time detection of goal events during soccer matches,
Computer Vision and Image Understanding 113(5): 622632. Computer Vision
Based Analysis in Sport Environments.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WCX-4S50K9H-
1/2/fe82b213b3ec28e07aef15882eb37538
IPS (2007). A Guide to the Preparation, Submission and Examination of Theses, In-
stitute of Graduate Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Lim, L. T. (2009). LATEX: Beautiful typesetting, [Online]. [Accessed January 22, 2011].
Available from World Wide Web: http://liantze.googlepages.com/latextypesetting.
Mittelbach, F., Goossens, M., Braams, J., Carlisle, D. and Rowley, C. (2004). The
LATEX Companion, Addison-Wesley Series on Tools and Techniques for Computer
Typesetting, 2nd edn, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, USA.
Oetiker, T., Partl, H., Hyna, I. and Schlegl, E. (2006). The Not So Short Introduction
to LATEX2, 4.2 edn.
Roberts, A. (2005). Getting to grips with LATEX, [Online]. [Accessed January 22,
2011]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/
index.html.
Song, J. Q., Cai, M., Lyu, M. R. and Cai, S. J. (2002). A new approach for line
recognition in large-size images using hough transform, Proceedings of the 16th
International Conference on Pattern Recognition., Vol. 1, pp. 3336.
24
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University Theses (contd)
Mullimedia Universily \documentclass{mmuthesis}
THE MMUTHESIS LAT
E
X DOCUMENT
CLASS
BY
LIM LIAN TZE
B.Sc. (Hons), University of Warwick, United Kingdom
M.Sc., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(by Research)
in the
Faculty of Information Technology
MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
MALAYSIA
April 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
DECLARATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
DEDICATION v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
PREFACE x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND STORY,
MOTIVATIONS 1
1.1 First Test and I need a really long title, please do oblige me wont you?
Just a few more words and yes were there 1
1.1.1 Second Test 1
1.2 Yeah 2
CHAPTER 2: DUMMY CHAPTER 3
APPENDIX A: MANUALS, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS,
DOCUMENTATIONS, EXAMPLE SCENARIOS 4
APPENDIX B: TRY 5
REFERENCES 6
GLOSSARY 7
INDEX 8
PUBLICATION LIST 9
vii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND STORY, MOTIVATIONS
1.1 First Test and I need a really long title, please do oblige me wont you? Just
a few more words and yes were there
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibu-
lum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu
libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec vehicula augue
eu neque. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames
ac turpis egestas. Mauris ut leo. Cras viverra metus rhoncus sem. Nulla et lectus
vestibulum urna fringilla ultrices. Phasellus eu tellus sit amet tortor gravida placerat.
Integer sapien est, iaculis in, pretium quis, viverra ac, nunc. Praesent eget sem vel leo
ultrices bibendum. Aenean faucibus. Morbi dolor nulla, malesuada eu, pulvinar at,
mollis ac, nulla. Curabitur auctor semper nulla. Donec varius orci eget risus. Duis
nibh mi, congue eu, accumsan eleifend, sagittis quis, diam. Duis eget orci sit amet orci
dignissim rutrum.
Nam dui ligula, fringilla a, euismod sodales, sollicitudin vel, wisi. Morbi auctor
lorem non justo. Nam lacus libero, pretium at, lobortis vitae, ultricies et, tellus. Donec
aliquet, tortor sed accumsan bibendum, erat ligula aliquet magna, vitae ornare odio
metus a mi. Morbi ac orci et nisl hendrerit mollis. Suspendisse ut massa. Cras nec ante.
Pellentesque a nulla. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes,
nascetur ridiculus mus. Aliquam tincidunt urna. Nulla ullamcorper vestibulum turpis.
Pellentesque cursus luctus mauris.
Test 1
Figure 1.1: First gure. OK?
1.1.1 Second Test
Their (Audibert, 2004) requirements
1
are really amazing
2
(Budanitsky & Hirst,
2006).
1See here, how weird, how to ll out an entire line. See here, how weird, how to ll out an entire line. See here, how weird,
how to ll out an entire line. See here, how weird, how to ll out an entire line. See here, how weird, how to ll out an entire line.
2dont you agree?
1
REFERENCES
[1] Audibert, L. (2004). Word sense disambiguation criteria: a systematic study. In 20th in-
ternational conference on computational linguistics (coling 2004) (pp. 910916). Geneva,
Switzerland: COLING.
[2] Budanitsky, A., & Hirst, G. (2006). Evaluating WordNet-based measures of lexical semantic
relatedness. Computational Linguistics, 32(1), 1347.
6
Lt Lian 1ze ost io c / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
University Theses (contd)
Universili Malaya \documentclass{umalayathesis}
THE UMALAYATHESIS LATEX DOCUMENT CLASS
LIM LIAN TZE
THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
INSTITUTE OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA
KUALA LUMPUR
2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ii
DECLARATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ix
PREFACE x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND STORY, MOTIVATIONS 1
1.1 First Test and I need a really long title, please do oblige me wont you?
Just a few more words and yes were there 1
1.1.1 Second Test 2
1.2 Yeah 2
CHAPTER 2: DUMMY CHAPTER 5
APPENDICES 6
REFERENCES 9
v
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND STORY, MOTIVATIONS
1.1 First Test and I need a really long title, please do oblige me wont you? Just a
few more words and yes were there
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum
ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu libero,
nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec vehicula augue eu neque. Pel-
lentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas.
Mauris ut leo. Cras viverra metus rhoncus sem. Nulla et lectus vestibulum urna fringilla
ultrices. Phasellus eu tellus sit amet tortor gravida placerat. Integer sapien est, iaculis
in, pretium quis, viverra ac, nunc. Praesent eget sem vel leo ultrices bibendum. Aenean
faucibus. Morbi dolor nulla, malesuada eu, pulvinar at, mollis ac, nulla. Curabitur auctor
semper nulla. Donec varius orci eget risus. Duis nibh mi, congue eu, accumsan eleifend,
sagittis quis, diam. Duis eget orci sit amet orci dignissim rutrum.
Nam dui ligula, fringilla a, euismod sodales, sollicitudin vel, wisi. Morbi auctor
lorem non justo. Nam lacus libero, pretium at, lobortis vitae, ultricies et, tellus. Donec
aliquet, tortor sed accumsan bibendum, erat ligula aliquet magna, vitae ornare odio metus
a mi. Morbi ac orci et nisl hendrerit mollis. Suspendisse ut massa. Cras nec ante. Pellen-
tesque a nulla. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur
ridiculus mus. Aliquam tincidunt urna. Nulla ullamcorper vestibulum turpis. Pellen-
tesque cursus luctus mauris.
Figure 1.1: First gure. OK?
1
REFERENCES
Audibert, L. (2004). Word sense disambiguation criteria: a systematic study. In 20th International Confer-
ence on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004) (pp. 910916). Geneva, Switzerland: COLING.
Budanitsky, A., & Hirst, G. (2006). Evaluating WordNet-based measures of lexical semantic relatedness.
Computational Linguistics, 32(1), 1347.
9
Lt Lian 1ze ost io io / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Highly Congurable Documents
memoir and KOMA-Script Classes
Seclional headings
Running headers and foolers
Good fonl. colour and illuslralion choices
http://latex-my.blogspot.com/search/label/bookdesign
Grid Computing Cluster
The Development and Integration of
Grid Services and Applications
Grid@USM
2008/09 Report
Edited by Bahari Belaton and Lim Lian Tze
Platform for Information & Communication Technology Research
Universiti Sains Malaysia
CONTENTS
Project Overview
Introduction 2
Grid@USM: Developing & Integrating Grid Applications & Services 4
Project Milestones 7
Project Expenditures 8
Sub-Projects
Setting up USM Campus Grid 10
AP Chan Huah Yong, Ang Sin Keat, Tan Chin Min, Kheoh Hooi Leng, Cheng Wai Khuen, M. Muzzammil bin Mohd Salahudin
Dynamic Replica Management in Data Grid Environment 14
AP Chan Huah Yong, Aloysius Indrayanto and Muhammad Muzzammil bin Mohd Salahudin
Using Grid Technology to Create a Render-Farm for Blender 3D Animation 18
AP Phua Kia Ken and Zafri Muhammad
Grid-enabled Blexisma2 23
AP Tang Enya Kong, Lim Lian Tze, Ye Hong Hoe and Dr Didier Schwab
B2B Standards Component Modeling 27
Dr Vincent Khoo Kay Teong, Ting Tin Tin, Rinki Yadav, Johnson Foong and Kor Chan Hock
An Automated Java Testing Tool on the Grid 31
Dr Kamal Zuhairi Zamli, Dr Nor Ashidi Mat Isa, Mohammed Issam Younis and Saidatul Khatimah binti Said
iNet-Grid 35
Prof. Sureswaran Ramadass, AP Rahmat Budiarto, AP Chan Huah Yong and Dr Ahmed M. Manasrah
Grid Application to Wave Front Propagation and Containment of Vector Borne Diseases 40
Prof. Koh Hock Lye, Dr Teh Su Yean and Tan Kah Bee
Project Activities
Organised Events 46
Other Events 48
Publications 50
Note: The abbreviations Prof. and AP are used for Professor and Associate Professor respectively throughout this book.
Grid@USM:
DEVELOPING & INTEGRATING
GRID APPLICATIONS & SERVICES
Image: A simple network. Illustration by Svilen Mushkatov (http://www.sxc.hu/prole/svilen001).
USMS R&D SUSTAINABILITY
To attain the level of excellence as a
research university (RU), USM in re-
cent years has seriously engaged her-
self in various eorts to formulate
and chart her future research and
development (R&D) directions. The
pinnacle of these eorts was trans-
lated into a 2 year strategic plan USM
Research-Intensive University 2007
2009.
One of the crucial input elements
for attaining and subsequently sus-
taining RU status is the creation
of highly conducive research envi-
ronment and infrastructure. Grid
computing is an example of such
infrastructure, aiming at providing
excellent research facilities by en-
suring good computational horse-
power to support high impact do-
mains in the bio-sciences, physical
sciences, information and communi-
cation technology (ICT), Environment
sciences, Education, Arts and others.
Grid computing is by its na-
ture highly distributed geographically,
consists of highly specialised equip-
ment (storage, grid engines and man-
agement tools), as well as expensive.
It is as such an ideal example of com-
mon, core computational resources
to be created and pooled among as-
piring researchers who require high
performance resources.
Equally important, USM needs a fo-
cused, holistic and dedicated eort
4
Grid@USM
SLB on utmkblex
Lexicon
Dispenser
PWN
Analyser
PWN
Analyser
Lexicon
Dispenser
PWN
Analyser
Remote Host
Lexicon
Dispenser
PWN
Analyser
Remote Host
Lexicon
Dispenser
PWN
Analyser
Remote Host
Lexicon
Dispenser
Sense-Tagger
Syntactic
Parser
Remote Host
Figure 3: Blexisma2 agents are deployed on USM Campus Grid nodes using the Globus job submission toolkit.
(a) Dierent meanings of star in context (b) Dierent meanings of school in context
Figure 4: SLB data generated by Blexisma2 agents used to determine most probable meanings of ambiguous lexical
item. A Web interface to the Sense-Tagger is available at http://utmkblex.usmgrid.myren.net.my:8080/Blexisma2Servlets/
CVSenseTagger.
interested to improve its design to
a multilingual setting, where more
complicated cross-lingual phenomena
will have to be considered. We also
hope to improve the agent commu-
nication mechanisms to reduce la-
tency. Apart from creating more
agents that implement dierent learn-
ing algorithms and heuristics, we are
also planning agents responsible for
other NLP tasks such as deep parsing,
detecting named entities, etc. In other
words, we hope to have agents of var-
ious responsibilities so that they can
be mixed-and-matched to construct
new NLP applications, such as those
mentioned in the introduction.
On the performance issues, we
may attempt several solutions for the
SLB bottleneck problem mentioned
earlier:
hardware (RAM) upgrades,
further optimisation of PostgreSQL
server settings,
database connection pooling,
load balancing,
parallelising queries.
PROJECT PUBLICATIONS
Lim, L. T. & Schwab, D. (2008). Lim-
its of Lexical Semantic Relatedness
with Ontology-based Conceptual
Vectors. In Proceedings of the 5th In-
ternational Workshop on Natural Lan-
guage Processing and Cognitive Sci-
ence (NLPCS08). Barcelona, Spain;
pp. 153158.
Schwab, D. & Lim, L. T. (2008). Blex-
isma2: a Distributed Agent Frame-
work for Constructing a Semantic
Lexical Database based on Con-
ceptual Vectors. In Proceedings
of the International Conference on
Distributed Frameworks & Applica-
tions 2008 (DFmA 2008). Penang,
Malaysia; pp. 102110.
@ Grid
U S M
26 GRID-ENABLED BLEXISMA2
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Presentation Slides
1his presenlalion was made wilh L
A
1
F
X!
Many possible classes powerdot. beamer
\documentclass{beamer}
\usetheme{Warsaw}
\author ...
\begin{document}
\titleframe
\section{Intro}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Some Background}
...
\end{frame}
\end{document}
Intro
A First Presentation
Lim Lian Tze
June 3, 2011
Lim Lian Tze A First Presentation
Intro
Some Background
Once upon a time
There were programmers
Lim Lian Tze A First Presentation
Lt Lian 1ze ost io ii / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Oversized Posters
Many possible solulions sciposter. flowfram. beamerposter
\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[orientation=portrait,
size=a0]{beamerposter}
\usetheme{...}
\author ... % Metainformation
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
... % Poster contents goes here
\end{frame}
\end{document}
Iow-Cost Construction of a
Multilingual Iexicon from Bilingual Iists
Introduction
Bilingual MRDs are good resources for building
mullilingual lexicons. bul helerogeneous slruclures
Lowesl common denominalor lisl of
source language ilemlargel language ilem(s)
Proposal: Mullilingual lexicon conslruclion using only
simple bilingual lisls
One-time Inverse Consultation [1]
Generales a bilingual lexicon for new language pair
from exisling bilingual lisls
JPFN. FNMS. MSFN lexicons JPMS
Japanese English Malay
mark tanda
F seal anjing laut
stamp tera
imprint
gauge
score(lera) = 2
|E1 E2|
|E1| + |E2|
= 2
2
3 + 4
= 0.57
Ftera is mosl likely valid
Merging Translation Triples into Sets
(Fxample MalayFnglishChinese)
Relain O1IC middle language links
For each head language LI. discard lriples wilh score
< X or score
2
< X. where X = max score of all
lriples conlaining lhal LI
(garang, ferocious, )
(garang, ferce, )
(garang, ) o.:a:
(garang, jazzy, )
(garang, ) o.:is
(garang, bold, )
(garang, ) o.:::
(garang, bold, 5)
(garang, 555) o.oa8
(garang, bold, a5)
(garang, aaa555) o.oa8

Merge all lriples wilh common bilingual pairs

garang
bengkeng
ferce
ferocious

(garang, ferocious, )
(garang, ferce, )
(bengkeng, ferce, )
References
[!| F. Bond and K. Ogura. Combining linguistic resources to create a
machine-tractable JapaneseMalay dictionary. In: Language
Resources and Evaluation 42 (2008), pp. 127136.
Adding a New Language
(Fxample MalayFnglishChinese - French)
Conslrucl also FrenchFnglishMalay lriples
Add French members lo exisling MFC cluslers wilh
common Fnglish & Malay members
garang
bengkeng
herce
ferocious

+
(cruel, ferocious, garang)
(froce, herce, garang)

garang
cruel
froce
bengkeng
ferce
ferocious
Precision of 100 Random Translation Sets
o o.: o.z o., o.a o., o.o o., o.8
o.,
o.,,
o.8
o.8,

P
r
e
c
is
io
n
= o.o
= o.z
= o.8
Precision generally around u.uu.82: max u.86
F1 and Rand Index of Selected Translation Sets
Fvalualing accuracy of sels wilh polysemous middle
language members. e.g. plant. target
1esl Rand Index F1 Besl accuracy when
word min max min max
bank u.4! u.6!! u.88 u.632 u.6 u.4
plant u.8!8 u.92 u.8u9 u.9!3 u.6 u.2
target u.82! !.uuu u.9u2 !.uuu u.4 u.2
letter u.u9 u.8!8 u.24 u.92 u.8 u.2
Discussion and Conclusion
Low lhresholds (, ) more coverage: low precision
High lhresholds good precision: low coverage
= 0.6, = 0.2 gives good lradeon belween
coverage. precision and recall
Resulls are encouraging for such simple inpul dala!
Future plan: Inlegrale lexicon
inlo an M1 syslem
wilh WSD
Iian Tze Iix Bali RAAivo-MAiAto Enya Kong TAc
liantze@gmail.com {ranaivo,enyakong}@mmu.edu.my
NLP-SIG, Faculty of Information Technology, Multimedia Uniyersity, Malaysia
Lt Lian 1ze ost io i( / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Leaets
leaflet arrange conlenls inlo 6 pages on a foldable doublesided sheel
\documentclass[foldmark,a4paper]
{leaflet}
\author ... % Metainformation
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section ...
... % Leaet contents
\end{document}
Discussion
Low thresholds (, ): more coverage; low precision
High thresholds: good precision; low coverage
o.6, o.z gives good trade-of between coverage,
precision and recall
Results are encouraging for such simple input data!
Especially suitable for under-resourced language pairs
Future plan: Integrate multilingual lexicon into an MT
system with WSD and user interaction features
Related Work
Many multilingual lexicon projects [z, ,]) aligned with
Princeton WordNet [a]
Overly fne sense distinctions in Princeton WordNet
Pan Lexicon [,]: compute context vectors of words from
monolingual corpora of diferent languages, then
grouping into translation sets by matching context
vectors via bilingual lexicons
Sense distinctions derived from corpus evidence
Produces many translation sets that contain
semantically related but not synonymous words,
e.g. shoot and bullet (lower precision)
aa precision based on evaluators opinions (,, if
inter-evaluator agreement is not required)
Does not handle multi-word expressions
Marko, Schulz and Hahn [6] use cognate mappings to
derive new translation pairs, validate by processing
parallel corpora (medical domain)
Complex terms indexed on the level of sub-words
e.g. pseudohypoparathyroidism
a6 accuracy for each language pair
Requires large aligned thesaurus corpora (easier to
acquire for specialised domains:)
Cognate-based approach not applicable for language
pairs that are not closely related
Lafourcade [,]: compute contextual vectors for
translation pairs based on gloss text and associated class
labels from semantic hierarchy; compare vectors from
diferent bilingual lexicons to detect synonymy
Resource requirements not available for all language
pairs, costly task of assigning class labels
References
[:] F. Bond and K. Ogura. Combining linguistic resources to
create a machine-tractable IapaneseMalay dictionary. In:
Language Resources and Evaluation az (zoo8), pp. :z,:,6.
[z] P. Vossen. EuroWordNet: A Multilingual Database of
Autonomous and Language-specifc Wordnets Connected via
an Inter-Lingual-Index. In: Special Issue on Multilingual
Databases, International Journal of Linguistics :,.z (zooa).
[,] D. Tuf, D. Cristeau, and S. Stamou. BalkaNet: Aims,
Methods, Results and Perspectives A General Overview.
In: Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology
Special Issue ,.: (zooa), pp. ua,.
[a] C. Fellbaum, ed. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database.
Language, Speech, and Communication. Cambridge,
Massachusetts: MIT Press, :uu8.
[,] M. Sammer and S. Soderland. Building a
sense-distinguished multilingual lexicon from monolingual
corpora and bilingual lexicons. In: Proceedings of Machine
Translation Summit XI. Copenhagen, Denmark, zoo,,
pp. ,uuao6.
[6] K. Marko, S. Schulz, and U. Hahn. Multilingual Lexical
Acquisition by Bootstrapping Cognate Seed Lexicons. In:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent
Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP) .
Borovets, Bulgaria, zoo,.
[,] M. Lafourcade. Automatically Populating Acception Lexical
Database through Bilingual Dictionaries and Conceptual
Vectors. In: Proceedings of PAPILLON-. Tokyo, Iapan,
Aug. zooz.
[8] C. Boitet, M. Mangeot, and G. Srasset. Te PAPILLON
project: Cooperatively Building a Multilingual Lexical
Database to Derive Open Source Dictionaries & Lexicons.
In: Proceedings of the nd Workshop on NLP and XML
(NLPXML). Taipei, Taiwan, zooz, pp. :,.
Contact
Lian Tze Lim liantze@gmail.com
Bali R..ivo-M.i.co ranaivo@mmu.edu.my
Enya Kong T.c enyakong@mmu.edu.my
NLP-SIG, Faculty of Information Technology
Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
http://fit.mmu.edu.my/sig/nlp/
Low-Cost Construction of a
Multilingual Lexicon from
Bilingual Lists
Lian Tze Lim
Bali R..ivo-M.i.co
Enya Kong T.c
NLP-SIG, Faculty of Information Technology
Multimedia University, Malaysia
Introduction
Bilingual MRDs are good resources for building
multilingual lexicons
But MRDs have heterogeneous contents and structures
Not all contain rich information (gloss, domain)
(Especially so for under-resourced languages)
Diferent structures (sense granularity, distinctions)
Lowest common denominator: list of source language
itemtarget language item(s)
Construct multilingual lexicon using only bilingual lists
One-time Inverse Consultation [1]
Generates a bilingual lexicon for a new language pair
from existing bilingual lists
Given bilingual lexicons L:Lz, LzL,, L,Lz, generate
bilingual lexicon L:L,
Example: IPEN, ENMS, MSEN lexicons IPMS
Iapanese English Malav
mark tanda
F seal anjing laut
stamp tera
imprint
gauge
score(tera) = z
E: Ez
E: + Ez
= z
z
, + a
= o.,,
F tera is more likely to be valid
Merging Translation Triples into Sets
Retain OTIC middle language links
For each head language LI, flter only triples whose
score exceed thresholds (See Algorithm :)
Merge all triples with common bilingual pairs
MalayEnglishChinese example:
ms Kamus InggerisMelayu untuk Penterjemah
XDict CC-CEDICT
(garang, ferocious, )
(garang, ferce, )
(garang, ) o.:a:
(garang, jazzy, )
(garang, ) o.:is
(garang, bold, )
(garang, ) o.:::
(garang, bold, 5)
(garang, 555) o.oa8
(garang, bold, a5)
(garang, aaa555) o.oa8

garang
bengkeng
ferce
ferocious

(garang, ferocious, )
(garang, ferce, )
(bengkeng, ferce, )
Adding More Languages
Construct L:LzLa triples
Add La members to existing L:LzL, clusters with
common L: & Lz members
Example: MalayEnglishChinese + French, using
ready-made triples from FeM
garang
bengkeng
herce
ferocious

+
(cruel, ferocious, garang)
(froce, herce, garang)

garang
cruel
froce
bengkeng
ferce
ferocious
Algorithm :: Generating trilingual translation chains
forall the lexical items wh L: do
Wm translations of wh in Lz
forall the wm Wm do
Wt translations of wm in L,
forall the wt Wt do
Output a translation triple (wh, wm, wt )
Wmr translations of wt in Lz
score(wh, wm, wt )

wWm
common words in wmr Wmr and w|
words in wmr Wmr
end
score(wh, wt ) z
wWm score(wh, w, wt )
Wm + Wmr
end
X maxwt Wt score(wh, wt )
forall the distinct translation pairs (wh, wt ) do
if score(wh, wt ) X or (score(wh, wt ))
z
X
then
Place wh L:, wm Lz, wt L, from all triples
(wh, w. . . , wt ) into same translation set
Record score(wh, wt ) and score(wh, wm, wt )
else
Discard all triples (wh, w. . . , wt )
// The sets are now grouped by
(wh, wt )
end
end
end
Merge all sets containing triples with same (wh, wm)
Merge all sets containing triples with same (wm, wt )
Algorithm i: Adding Lk+: to multilingual lexicon L of
{L: , Lz, . . . , Lk}
T translation triples of Lk+: , Lm, Ln generated by
Algorithm : where Lm, Ln {L: , Lz, . . . , Lk}
forall the (wLm , wLn , wLk+: ) T do
Add wLk+: to all entries in L that contains both wLm and
wLn
end
Precision of 100 Random Translation Sets
o o.z o.a o.6 o.8
o.,
o.,,
o.8
o.8,

P
re
c
isio
n
= o.o
= o.z
= o.8
Precision increases with threshold parameters and
Precision generally around o.,oo.8z; max o.86
Most false positives are not ranked at top of the list
Many errors caused by incorrect POS assignments
F: and Rand Index of Selected Translation Sets
False positives will frequently arise when middle
language members are polysemous, e.g. plant, target
Evaluate accuracy of selected sets with polysemous
middle language members
Precision =
TP
TP + FP
Recall =
TP
TP + FN
F: =
z Precision Recall
Precision + Recall
RI =
TP + TN
TP + FP + FN+ TN
Test Rand Index F: Best accuracy when
word min max min max
bank o.a:, o.6:: o.,88 o.6,z o.6 o.a
plant o.8:8 o.uz, o.8ou o.u:, o.6 o.z
target o.8z: :.ooo o.uoz :.ooo o.a o.z
letter o.,ou o.8:8 o.,za o.,uz o.8 o.z
F: and RI increases with and
But may decrease when they are too high and reject
valid members (false negatives)
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Fillable PDF Forms
\usepackage{hyperref}
... % various settings skipped
\TextField{Name:}\\
\TextField{Affiliation:}\\
\ChoiceMenu[radio=true]
{Are you a:}{Student, Academic}\\
Interest:
\CheckBox{Security}
\CheckBox{Systems}
\CheckBox{User space}\\
\TextField[multiline=true]
{Comments:}\\
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Fillable PDF Forms (contd)
Use wilh caulion!
popplerbased viewers (evince. xpdf. okular)
Problem displaying and saving radio/check boxes correclly
Saved forms canl be opened by olher viewers
Adobe Reader
Cannol save flled form as PDF unless Acrobal is inslalled
Only as feldandvalue lexl fle
Can provide Submil bullon for submission lo a URL
Or prinl hard copy of flled form!
PDF XChange Viewer
Best freeware for flling and saving L
A
1
F
Xcrealed forms
Windows only
Nol OSS
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Flash Cards
\documentclass[avery5388,frame]
{flashcards}
\cardfrontstyle{headings}
\cardfrontfoot{Linux}
\begin{document}
\begin{flashcard}[Security]
{Certificate}
...
\end{flashcard}
\begin{flashcard}[Security]
{MAC ...}
...
\end{flashcard}
\end{document}
S
Certicate
L
S
MAC (Mandatory Access
Control)
L
A digital representation of information that
identies you and is issued by Cas, which are
often a trusted third party (TTP).
Access to an object is restricted based on the
sensitivity of the object (dened by the label
that is assigned), and granted through
authorization (Clearance) to access that level of
data.
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Examination Questions
\documentclass{exam}
...
\begin{questions}\printanswers
\question[5]
What is Paul McCartney's middle name?
\begin{oneparchoices}
\choice John \CorrectChoice Paul
\choice Ringo \choice James
\end{oneparchoices}
\question[10] What was the Beatles' first
single in 1962?
\begin{solution}Love Me Do\end{solution}
\question
\begin{parts}
\part[5] What was George's inspiration for
`While My Guitar Gently Weeps'?
\begin{solution}
He opened a random book and saw the words
``gently weep''.
\end{solution}
...
\end{questions}
1. (5) What is Paul McCartneys middle name?
A. John B. Paul C. Ringo D. James
2. (10) What was the Beatles rst single in 1962?
Solution Love Me Do
3. (a) (5) What was Georges inspiration for While
My Guitar Gently Weeps?
Solution He opened a random book
and saw the words gently weep.
(b) (5) Who guest-performed for the song and why?
Solution Eric Clapton; he wanted a
spiy guitar solo.
Lt Lian 1ze ost io ic / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Contents
What are T
E
X, L
A
T
E
X and Friends?
i Document Types
( Special Material
. Wrapping Up
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Mathematics
() relates the golden ratio and the Fibonacci series.
Recall that the golden ratio, =

( +

).
= +

n=
()
n+
F
n
F
n+
()
\eqref{eq:gratio} relates the golden ratio and the Fibonacci series.
Recall that the golden ratio, $\phi = \frac{1}{2} (1 + \sqrt{5})$.
\begin{equation}\label{eq:gratio}
\phi = 1 + \sum^{\infty}
_
{n=1}
\frac{ (-1)^{n+1} }{ F
_
n F
_
{n+1} }
\end{equation}
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Chemical Equations and Molecules
Zn
+
+ OH

+ H
+
Zn(OH)

amphoteres Hydroxid
+ OH

+ H
+
[Zn(OH)

Hydroxozikat
H C
H
H
C
H
O
\usepackage[version=3]{mhchem} % sucient for chemical equations
\usepackage{chemfig} % for D molecule drawings
...
\ce{Zn^2+ <=>[\ce{+ 2OH-}][\ce{+ 2H+}]
$\underset{\text{amphoteres Hydroxid}}{\ce{Zn(OH)2 v}}$
<=> C[+2OH-][{+ 2H+}]
$\underset{\text{Hydroxozikat}}{\cf{[Zn(OH)4]^2-}}$ }
\chemfig{H-C(-[2]H)(-[6]H)-C(-[7]H)=[1]O}
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Linguistics
() *Wen
Whom
liebt
loves
seine
his
Mutter?
mother
Who does his mother love?
() [[
NP
He ] [
VP
kicked [
NP
the ball ]]]
S
S
NP
Pron
He
VP
V
kicked
NP
Det
the
N
ball
\usepackage{linguex,qtree}
...
\exg. \%
*
Wen liebt seine Mutter?\\
Whom loves his mother\\
`Who does his mother love?'
\exi. [[NP He ] [VP kicked [NP the ball ]]]S
\Tree [ .S [.NP [.Pron He ] ] [.VP [.V kicked ] [.NP [.Det the ] [.N ball ]
] ] ]
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Program Listings
\usepackage{listings,xcolor}
...
\begin{lstlisting}
[language=C,columns=fullflexible,
basicstyle=\ttfamily,
keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{red},
commentstyle=\sffamily\color{green},
stringstyle=\rmfamily\color{orange}]
#include <stdio.h>
/
*
| Prints "hello world"
*
/
int main(void)
{
printf("hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
\end{lstlisting}
#include <stdio.h>
/
Prinls hello world
/
int main(void)
{
printf("hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
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Network Protocols
\usepackage{bytefield}
...
\begin{bytefield}{16}
\bitheader{0,7,8,15} \\
\wordgroupr{Header}
\bitbox{4}{Tag} & \bitbox{12}{Mask} \\
\bitbox{8}{Source} &
\bitbox{8}{Destination}
\endwordgroupr \\
\wordbox{3}{Data}
\end{bytefield}
,
8
j
Tag
Mask
Source Destination

Header
Data
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Life Sciences
rst case (see text)

AQP1.PRO TLGLLLSCQISILRAVMYIIAQCVGAIVASAIL 112

AQP2.PRO TVACLVGCHVSFLRAAFYVAAQLLGAVAGAAIL 104
AQP3.PRO TFAMCFLAREPWIKLPIYTLAQTLGAFLGAGIV 112
AQP4.PRO TVAMVCTRKISIAKSVFYITAQCLGAIIGAGIL 133
AQP5.PRO TLALLIGNQISLLRAVFYVAAQLVGAIAGAGIL 105

second case (see text)

\usepackage{texshade} % for nucleotide and peptide alignments
...
\begin{texshade}{AQPpro.MSF}
\shadingmode{similar}
\threshold[80]{50}
\setends{1}{80..112}
\hideconsensus
\feature{top}{1}{93..93}{fill:$\downarrow$}{first case (see text)}
\feature{bottom}{1}{98..98}{fill:$\uparrow$}{second case (see text)}
\end{texshade}
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Circuits and SI Units
B
io
o
v
x
S
j
v
x
-
A
(..- o
.
V
i
lm
(
F

.o km/h, c- km/h and o( km/h

\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[siunitx]{circuitikz}
...
\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) node[anchor=east] {B}
to[short, o-
*
] (1,0) to[R=20<\ohm>,
*
-
*
] (1,2)
to[R=10<\ohm>, v=$v
_
x$] (3,2) -- (4,2)
to[ cI=$\frac{\si{\siemens}}{5} v
_
x$,
*
-
*
] (4,0) -- (3,0)
to[R=5<\ohm>,
*
-
*
] (3,2)
(3,0) -- (1,0) (1,2) to[short, -o] (0,2) node[anchor=east]{A}
;\end{circuitikz}
\SI{3.45d4}{\square\volt\cubic\lumen\per\farad}
\SIlist[per-mode=symbol]{40;85;103}{\kilo\metre\per\hour}
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Meh, What Good is That? Cant Use it Anywhere Else.
Aclually. you can.
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{texshade}
...
\begin{texshade}
...
\end{texshade}
Run pdflatex cropped PDF conlaining only conlenls of texshade
gs -otexshade.png -sDEVICE=png16m -r200 -dTextAlphaBits=4
-dGraphicAlphaBits=4 texshade.pdf
Mulliple environmenls mullipage PDF
Use -otexshade%02d.png lo gel texshade01.png. texshade02.png. . . .
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Bar Codes
9 781860 742712 9 783865 411143
ISBN 978-3-86541-114-3
L E 2 8 H S 9 Z
\usepackage{auto-pst-pdf} % Needed if running pdatex; must use option shellescape
\usepackage{pstricks,pst-barcode}
...
\begin{pspicture}
\psbarcode{MECARD:N:Malaysia Open Source Conference...}{eclevel=L}{qrcode}
\psbarcode{9781860742712}{includetext guardwhitespace}{ean13}
\psbarcode{978-3-86541-114}{includetext guardwhitespace}{isbn}
\psbarcode{LE28HS9Z}{includetext}{royalmail}
\psbarcode{^453^178^121^239}{columns=2 rows=10}{pdf417}
\end{pspicture}
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Graph Plots

:
o

o
j
o

o
:
o

Dof
L
:
L
max
\usepackage{pgfplots}
...
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{loglogaxis}[xlabel=Dof]
\addplot table[x=dof,y=L2]{datafile.dat}; \addlegendentry{$L
_
2$};
\addplot table[x=dof,y=Lmax]{datafile.dat}; \addlegendentry{$L
_
\text{max}$};
\end{loglogaxis}
\end{tikzpicture}
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Spreadsheets
(Seriously, use a proper spreadsheet application for complex stun.)
Year ending Mar :ooc :oo8 :oo,
Revenue j8o.:o coo.o 8:co.o
Cost of sales 6,o.:o j6jo.o j:.:o
Gross prot ,8o.oo 6:jo.o ,66.o
\STautoround
*
{2}
\begin{spreadtab}{{tabular}{l rrr}}
@Year ending Mar 31 & @2009 & @2008 & @2007\\ \hline
@Revenue & 14580.2 & 11900.4 & 8290.3\\
@Cost of sales & 6740.2 & 5650.1 & 4524.2\\ \cline{2-4}
@\emph{Gross profit} & \STcopy{>}{b2-b3} & &\\ \cline{2-4}
\end{spreadtab}
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Gantt Charts

Preliminary Project % complete
Objectiye
Task A
Task B
Objectiye :
Task A
Task B
\usepackage{pgfgantt}
...
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{ganttchart}[...settings...]{16}
\gantttitle{2010}{4} \gantttitle{2011}{12} \\
\ganttbar[progress=100]{Preliminary Project}{1}{4} \\
\ganttlink[link mid=.4]{4}{2}{5}{4} \ganttlink[link mid=.159]{4}{2}{5}{7}
\ganttgroup{Objective 1}{5}{16} \\
\ganttbar[progress=4]{Task A}{5}{10} \\
\ganttlinkedbar[progress=0]{Task B}{11}{16} \\
...
\end{ganttchart}
\end{tikzpicture}
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Chess games
\usepackage[skaknew]%
{skak,chessboard}
...
\newgame
\mainline{1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3.
Bb5 a6}
\chessboard[smallboard]
e e Nf Nc Bb a
c
rZblkans
)
ZpopZpop
6
pZnZ0Z0Z
-
ZBZ0o0Z0
.
0Z0ZPZ0Z
(
Z0Z0ZNZ0
i
POPO0OPO

SNAQJ0ZR
a b c d e f g h

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Crossword Puzzles

i ( .
-
Across unit of measure
i - sectioning unit
Down ( unit of
measure . nonproportional
font
\usepackage{cwpuzzle}
...
\begin{Puzzle}{5}{3}
|
*
|
*
|[1]E|X |
*
|.
|[2]A|[3]S|T |
*
|[4]T|.
|
*
|[5]P|A |R |T |.
\end{Puzzle}
\begin{PuzzleClues}{
\textbf{Across:} }
\Clue{1}{EX}{unit of measure}
\Clue{2}{AST}{\(\ast\)}
\Clue{5}{PART}{sectioning unit}
\end{PuzzleClues}
\begin{PuzzleClues}{
\textbf{Down:} }
\Clue{1}{ETA}{\(\eta\)}
\Clue{3}{SP}{unit of measure}
\Clue{4}{TT}{nonproportional font}
\end{PuzzleClues}
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Song Books with Guitar Tabs
Country
C
road, take me
G
home, to the
Am
place I be
F
long.
West Vii
C
ginia. mountain
G
momma. take me
F
home. countiy
C
ioad.
\usepackage{gchords,guitar}
...
\begin{guitar}
\newcommand{\CMaj}{\chord{t}{n,p3,p2,n,p1,n}{C}}
\newcommand{\Amin}...
Country [\CMaj]road, take me [\GMaj]home, ...
\end{guitar}
Lt Lian 1ze ost io .. / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Contents
What are T
E
X, L
A
T
E
X and Friends?
i Document Types
( Special Material
. Wrapping Up
Lt Lian 1ze ost io .- / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Summary
L
A
1
F
X
a documenl preparalion syslem
professional qualily lypeselling oulpul
Oulpul arlefacls
Academic papers. lheses. books
Dedicaled documenl lypes
Domainspecifc malerial
Usage scenario
Direcl aulhoring
Aulomalic generalion (via scripls elc)
As backend of olher applicalions
Lt Lian 1ze ost io .6 / .c
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Getting Help
Many free lulorials and ebooks on lhe Web (beware of obsolele ones!)
Getting to Grips with L
A
T
E
X. Andy Roberls.
http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/
L
A
T
E
X: Beautiful Typesetting. Lim Lian 1ze.
http://liantze.penguinattack.org/latextypesetting.html
L
A
T
E
X and Friends. M.R.C. van Dongen.
http://csweb.ucc.ie/~dongen/LaTeX-and-Friends.pdf
The L
A
T
E
X WikiBook. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
Questions?
T
F
X FAO. http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html
1
F
X.SX. http://tex.stackexchange.com/
comp.text.tex usenel group
Malaysian L
A
1
F
X User Group. http://latex-my.blogspot.com/
Arrange for lraining
Lt Lian 1ze ost io .) / .c
Inlroduclion Documenl 1ypes Special Malerial Wrapping Up
Thank You
Questions?
liantze@gmail.com
http://latex-my.blogspot.com
Lt Lian Tze | ost io .c / .c