VECTORS Definition: 1.

Scalar: A physical quantity which has only magnitude but no direction is called a scalar quantity or simply scalar. 2.Vectors: A physical quantity which have both magnitude and direction is called vectors. 3.Zero vector: A null vector is a vector whose magnitude is zero. A null vector has no specific direction. 4.Proper vector :a vector whose magnitude is not zero. 5.Unit vector :A vector of magnitude unity is called unit vector. 6. Equal vectors:Two vectors v and v are said to be equal iff the can be represented same directed line segment and same magnitude. 7.Colliner vectors:Vectors with with the same support or parallel supports are called colliner vectors. 8.Like vectors:Colliner vectors which has the same sense 9.Coplannar vecters:Three or more vectors whose support either lie in same plane or are parallel to the same plane are called coplanar vectors. 10.TRIANGLE LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION

AB + BC = AC 11.Vector Products (i)Scalar product or dot product: a . b = abCosO (ii)vector product or cross product: a x b = abSinO n 12.
13.

i.i=j.j=k.k= 1, i x i = j x j= k x k=0. Projection of vector a on vector b = (a . b b) b . --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1)Show that the straight line joining the midpoint of two non parallel sides of a trapezium is parallel to parallel sides and half of their sum. 2)find the angle between the vectors i) (1,-1,1) and (2,3,6) 3)find a unit vector in the direction of the vector

= i + j + 2k

4)If with refrence to right handed system of mutioally perpendicular system i, j, k, = 3i j, = 2i +j -3k,then express in the form of = + where is parallel to and is perpendicular to . 5) the vector equation of two lines are

r = i + 2j +3k + (i -3j+2k) and

r = 4i +5j +6k + (2i +3j +k) find the shortest distance between above lines. 6)Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors a = 3i +j + 4k and b = i j + k. 7)Find a vector whose length is 3 and with is perpendicular to a = 3i + j -4k and b = 6i +5j 2k. 8)Find the shortest distance and the equation of the shortest distance between the lines r = 3i + 5j + 7k + (I -2j + k) and r = -i j k + (7i -6j + k). 9)Find such that a and b are perpendicular, where a = i +2j + k and B = 5i -9j +2k. 10)Dot product of a vector with vectors i +j -3k, i + 3j -3k and 2i + j +4k are 0, 5 and 8 respectively. Find the vector. 11)If a, b, c are three vectors such that a + b + c = 0,then prove that a x b = b xc = c x a. 12)Find the vector in the direction of the vector 5i j + 2k which has the magnitude 8 units.

13)Show that the points A(3, -5, 1 ), B(-1, 0, 8) and C(7, -10, -6) are collinear. 14)Prove that the vectors 2i j + k, i -3j 5k and 3i 4j 4k are coplanar. 15)Show that the points (1, 0, 1 ), (1, 1, 0 ), (0, 1, 1) and (0, 0, 2) are coplanar. 16)If a , b are unit vectors and is the angle between them, show that Sin( /2) =(1/2) 17)If a+b = a-b ab , prove that a and b are perpendicular.

18)Find two vectors of unit lenth which makes angles of 45 with (1,0,0) and are at right angles to (0,0,1). 19)In any triagle prove that cosA = (b + c - a )/2bc. 20)Show that the diagonal of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles. 21)Using vector algebra , prove that angle in the semi-circle is a right angle. 22)Using vectors prove that the altitude of a triangle are concurrent. 23)Using vectors prove that perpendicular to the base of an isosceles triangle bisect the base. 24)Using vectors , prove (i) Sine rule and (ii) Projection rule. 25)Using vectors prove that Sin( + ) =Sin .Cos + Cos

.Sin .

26)For what value of are the three vectors i + 2j -3k, 3i + j +k, i +2j +2k Coplanar. 27)Find the volume of parallelepiped whose co-terminous edges the vectors 2i -3j +k ; i-j+2k ; 2i +j k. 28)If a = i +2j- 3k ; b =3i j +2k , then show that ( a + b) is ( orthogonal) to ( a b ). are represented by

perpendicular 2a + b and

29)If a = i +2j- 3k and b = 3i j +2k , then calculate the angle between a + 2b.

30)Find scalar projection and the vector projection of the vector 2i j +k on the vector - i + 2j k. 31)Prove that for non zero vectors a and b ,

(a + b).(a + b) = a + b if and only if a and b is orthogonal. 32)If a and b are unit vectors and be the angle betwe Sin /2 =1/2 ab (ii) Cos = 1/2 (iii) Tan /2 = a +b ab / a +b . en them then show that (i)

33)If a and b are two vectors perpendicular to each other then prove that a+b 34)If a+b
2

= =

ab ab

, then find the relation between a and b .

35)Find the area of parallelogram whose diagonals are along the vectors i +2k and 2i 3k. 36)Find the shortest distance between the following lines: r = i +2j +3k + (i 3j +2k ) and r = 4i +5j +6k + (2i +3j + k).

37)If a = i +j; b = j +k ; c = k + i , find the unit vector in the direction of a+b+c. 38)Show that the points A, B, C with position vectors 2i j +k , i -3j 5k and 3i -4j -4k respectively are the vertices of right triangle . Also find remaining angles of the triangle. 39)If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC respectively. Find an expression for the area of ABC and deduce the condition for the points to be collinear. 40)Wriht the value of i. (j xk) + j.(k x i)+k.(jxi). 41)Vectors a and b are such that a = 3, b = 2 3 and (a x b) is a

unit vector . Write the angle between a and b. 42)Find IF (2i + 6j +14k) x (i - j +7k ) =0. 43)If a = i +j +k , b =4i- 2j +3k and c= i 2j +k, find a vector of magnitude 6 units which is parallel to the vector 2a b + 3c. 44)Let a = i +4j +2k, b = 3i 2j +7k and c = 2i j + 4k. Find a vector d witch is perpendicular to both a and b and c . d = 18.

45)If a and b are two vectors such that between a and b .

a.b

axb

, then what is the angle

46)Write a vector of magnitude 12 in the direction of vector -2i +j +2k. 47)Find a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors 4i j +3k and -2i +j -2k. 48)Find the vector whose length is 3 and which is perpendicular to the vectors a= 3i +j -4k, b = 6i +5j -2k. 49)If A =(1,1,1), C(0,1,-1) are two given vectors , then find a vector B satisfying the equation A x B = C and A . B =3. 50)If A, B, C and D are any four points in spaces prove that CA x BD = 4 (area of ABC). AB x CD + BC x AD +

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

1)Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the line ( x 1)/5 = (3 y )/2 = ( z +1)/4 and passing through ( 3, 0, -4). Also find the distance between these two lines.

2)Find the shortest distance between the lines, whose equations are = (y +9)/ -16 = (10 z)/-7 and (x-15)/-16 = (58-2y)/-16 = (z -5 )/-5.

(x -8)/3

3)Find the equation of the plane which passes through the points (o,o,o) and and is parallel to the line (x -4)/1=(y+3)/-4=(z+1)/7.

(3, -1,2)

4)Find the foot of the perpendicular from (1,2,3) on the line (x-6)/3 =(y-7)/2 =(z-7)/-2. Also obtain the equation of the plain containing the line and the point (1,2,3).

5)Prove that the image of the point (3,-2,1) in the plane 3x-y +z =2 lies on the plane, x +y +z +4=0.

6)Find the distance of the point (3,4,5) from the plane x +y +z =2 measured parallel to the line 2x = y =z.

7)Prove that if a plane has intercepts a, b and cand is at a distance of p units from the origin,then 1/a2 +1/b2 +1/c2 =1/p2.

8)Show that (x-1)/2 = (y-3)/4 =-z and (x-4)/3 =(1-y)/2 =( z-1)/1 are coplanar. Also , find the equation of the plane containing the lines.

8)Find the image of point (1,6,3) in the line x/1 = (y-1)/2 = (z-2)/3.

9)Show that line L whose equation is r = 2i 2j + 3k + (I j +4k) is parallel to plane whose vector equation is r.(i +5j +k ) =5 and find distance between them.

10)Find the equation of the plane containing the lines r = i + j + (I +2j k) and r=i + j + (-i + j -2k). Find the distance this plane from origin and also the point (1, 1, 1 ).

11)Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x + 3y z +1 ; x +y-2z +3=0 and perpendicular to the plane 3x y-2z-4 =o. Also find the inclination of this plane with the xy plane.

12)Find the length and the equations of the line of the shortest distance between the lines (x-3)/3 =(y-8)/-1 = (z -3)/1 and (x+3)/-3 =(y+7)/2 = (z-6)/4. Also, find the points where the line of shortest distance meets the given lines. 13)Find the equation of the plane which contains the two parallel lines (x-3)/3 = (y+4)/2 =(z-1)/1 and (x+1)/3 =(y-2)/2= z/1.

14)Find the equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes 3x- 4y +5z =10; 2x + 2y -3z =4 and parallel to the line x = 2y = 3z.

15)Find the equation of the plane containing the line (x+1)/-3 =(y-3)/2 =(z+2)/1 and the point (0,7,-7) and show that the line x/1=(y-7)/-3= (z+7)/2 also lie in the same plane.

16)Find the image of the point having position vector i + 3j + 4k in the plane r.(2i j + k) +3 =0.

17)Find the vector equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes r.(2i-j +k) =3 and passing through the point (2,1,-2).

18)Find the distance of the point (1,-2,3) from a plan x- y +z =5 measured parallel to the line (x+1)/2 = (y +3)/3 = ( z + 1 )/-6.

19)Find the foot of the perpendicular dran from the point 2i j +5k to the line r = 11i -2j 8k + (10i 4j 11k ). Also find find the length of the perpendicular.

20)Show that the lines x/1 = ( y-7 )/-3 = (z +7 )/2 and (x + 1)/-3 = ( y 3 )/2 = (z + 2)/1 are coplanar. Also find the equationof the plane containing them.

21)Write the distance of the following plane from the origin : 2x y + 2z +1 =0.

22)Find the equation of the plane passing through the point P( 1 , 1 , 1 ) and containing the line r = -3i + j + 5k + ( 3i j 5k ). Also, show that the plane contains the line r = -i + 2j + 5k + ( i -2j +5k ).

23)Find the point on the line ( x + 2 )/3 = (y +1)/2 = (z 3)/2 at a distance of 5 units from the point P(1, 3, 3).

24)Find the distance of the point P(6, 5, 9) from the plane determined by the points A(3, -1, 2), B(5, 2, 4) and C(-1, -1, 6).

25)Find the equation of the plane through three points A(0, -1, -1), B(4, 5, 1) and C(3,9,4).

26)Find the coordinate of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point A(1,8,4) to the line joining B(0,-1,3) and C(2, -3, -1).

27) Find the distance of the point (3,4,5) from the plane x +y +z =2 measured parallel to the line 2x = y =z. 28) Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x + 3y z +1 ; x +y-2z +3=0 and perpendicular to the plane 3x y-2z-4 =o. Also find the inclination of this plane with the xy plane.