STEEL FRAMED HOUSE

Fast & easy construction of a house using li ht weight steel f i light i ht t l frames & t trusses

1. Steel House Summary

1-1 Definition 1-2 Characteristics 1-3 Superiority 1-4 Strength 1-5 Comparison with other Structure 1-6 Oversea Trend 1-7 Application

1-1 1 1 Definition
Derived from wood house 2x4 construction method Thickness 0 8~2 5mm zinc galvanizing use C-shape light weighted steel 0.8 2.5mm galvanizing, C shape Cross-wall construction followed by placing the stud with regular interval(450mm, 600mm, 610mm) Increase the house performance and pretty view by applying various finishing materials over the structure

2 x 4 Wood W d

Light Li h weighted steel i h d l

1-2 1 2 Characteristics

Steel house uses light weighted steel to reduce the building weight. St l h Steel house manufactures c-shaped stud, t f t h d t d track & joist in order t maximize th steel strength. k j i ti d to i i the t l t th Steel house plates the still sheet with zinc in order to supplement the weakness of corrosion. Zinc plating is that the zinc film is covered like surface film on the steel. Even if there is a scratch, the zinc film prevents the steel corrosion. Due to the anti corrosion character of zinc plating, it is widely used in manufacturing the industrial product such as, automobile, signage, heavy pipe, household goods etc. The steel plate and material for steel house are high quality products to satisfy the z180, which is the standard for American steel associate and the steel house built with zinc plated material will have a permanent life span.

1-3 1 3 Superiority
Stability very resistant to earthquake, typhoon and solid with light weight Variability and Flexibility Easy to change the inner floor space and utilize the space efficiently due to the thin wall

Economic Feasibility Environment Friendly Waste material can b recycled i l be l d And keep the construction site clean Steel house uses drywall construction method. method So construction time is short and constr ction there is no waste. Therefore it is very economical.

Habitability Steel house can increase the habitability Dramatically by using the various insulation & finishing materials.

Construction Feasibility Construction is easy due to the easiness to handle and assemble at the site with light weighted material.

1-3 Why Steel Framing?

Steel is strong ; Steel is used to make concrete and other building products strong Steel is the best performing building product in strength/weight ratio. Steel does not shrink, crack, rot, burn and is 100% termite resistant Steel is a manufactured product and has a superior quality control. Walls en t W ll trusses are produced i a f t d d in factory environment. i t The wall and trusses are pre-fabricated. This ensures a very fast building method. Less weight means less movement of the mass of the building. Therefore strongly recommended for earthquake affected areas. Steel is compatible with most other building products. More advantages: Because steel is light: No heavy lifting equipment required. Two men can easily carry a wall of 6 meters long. Walls W ll are thi thinner th therefore saving overall b ildi f i ll building area. Foundations can be lighter. Structural beams can be smaller and lighter. Lighter trucks for transport. Less time lost due to bad weather. No N waiting ti iti time f d i for drying lik with using concrete. like ith i t Easier access to building sites. Minimal or no waste of material. Insulation advantages: The walls have superior insulation capacity. A 70 mm steel framed wall filled with insulation material achieves the same insulation properties as would a much thicker concrete t lf d ll fill d ith i l ti t i l hi th i l ti ti ld h thi k t wall of 80 cm. House needs less energy for heating and cooling. This saves money for the owners. Using less energy means reduction in CO2 emission Ecological advantages: Steel is St l i 100 % recyclable. l bl It safes arable land, because reduction in use of bricks and mortar. Reduction in CO2 emission, because insulated houses need less energy for heating and cooling.

1-4 1 4 Strength (1)

Durability

It can function as a house to comfort the residents like old clothes which you have worn for a long time maintaining high standard just like new one. In wooden house, there is a case that the house was decayed, shrunken, twisted or damaged by mouse or harmful insect. But Steel house has a superior durability and safety for fire since it fixes the structure directly into the concrete foundation with cold steel plate of zinc galvanizing. It has a long life span and solid feature. It can build the house which is solid and safe to the disaster and transferred to the next three generation for a 100 years.

Superior Performance

Though the wall itself is thin, it has a superior noise block effect by utilizing the various finishing product. So they are able to build quiet and comfortable house. As a matter of fact in advanced country it is already used to build the hospital or dormitory and proved the superior performance.
When building with same surface insulation material, the thickness of Steel house is quite thinner than other house and shows the superior insulation effect. It can maintain the comfortable indoor environment even in the wet climate and there is no smell that you saw in concrete building.

1-4 1 4 Strength (2)

Economic Feasibility Since it uses the dry wall construction method rather than wet wall construction like concrete which takes a lot of time,
you can finish building the house faster than existing house (In building 720 square feet house, 7days). So it is very cost effective. ff ti Since it uses the assembly method using steel stud, it is easier for general worker to handle. Therefore there is a big cost saving effect. Th There is no need for heavy equipment since all material is light weighted. Also it can be easily build since i connects the i df h i i ll i l i li h i h d Al i b il b ild i it h structural material with tapping screw using the electric equipment. There is no need to worry about the construction defect with quality standard steel material. The construction cost can be lowered with mass production, self supply and technology development. It is easy to cope with construction defect and the electrical, plumbing work is simple. Thinking the convenience to remodel and expand, recycling and long life span, it is really economical.

Environment Friendly Zinc galvanizing steel material used in Steel house can be recycled. And it can be used as a house building material.
Considering the 1800 sq ft house as a standard, Steel house can use recycled steel of 6 truck load in order to secure the material but the wooden house needs about 40-50 trees with 30 or more years

1-5 1 5 Comparison with Other Structure

Wooden House : Steel House Concrete & masonry House : Steel House

Easy to maintain since the quality is constant and there is no strain by the weather change.

Able to create unique inner space & and beautiful design with various design possibility.

Due to the high insulation efficiency with double insulation g y method, warm and cold house can be built.

Able to increase the comfortness with superior insulation p performance rate and save the energy cost.

More safe to the earth quake & typhoon with the installation of front wall X-bracing and hold down.

It is safe to the earthquake & typhoon etc. with pin connection structure by screw and no crack occurs.

No need to worry about the fire since it is fire resistant material.

It can apply to the expansion project economically since Steel house has a light weight load. g g

No need to worry about the damage by termite Environment friendly green-building with recycling.

Able to reduce the construction time as a drywall construction process since it is possible to manufacture the panel in factory.

1-6 1 6 Oversea Trend

America
Traditional wooden house culture Steel house becomes popular after the law to p p p prevent logging on the national forest in1992. gg g Market share trend(No. of house construction: 1.2~1.5 million/Year) - 1997(0.8%) 1999(1.6%) 2001(8.9%) 2003(21.4%) 2004(25.0%)

Japan
Steel house recognition is widening after the Kobe earthquake in 1995 Technology development through Steel Association (Advertising & Technology Development) Construction trend ( No. of house construction: 1.2/Year) - 1997(69 Unit) 2001(4 000 Unit) 2005(30 000 Unit) 2001(4,000 2005(30,000

Europe
Australia : BHP Co., Activity centered by NASH (Steel House Association) England : BS Co., Activity centered by SCI [Steel Construction Academy Northern Europe : Technology development & propagation centered by Sweden and Finland

1-7 Application

Single house

Villa

Apartment

School Factory

Military Barracks

2. Construction P 2 C t ti Process

2 Construction Process (1)

2
Floor Mold Installation Floor CONCPlacing & Curing

3
Layout

4
Completion of Wall Structure & truss Assembly

2 Construction Process (2)

5
Installation of 1st floor Structure Wall

6
1st Floor Beam manufacture & installation

7
Floor Joist Installation

8
Plywood for construction and deck plate installation

2 Construction Process (3)

9
Installation of roof rafter

10
Completion of roof frame work

11
Frame finish work

12
Covering roof plywood

2 Construction Process (4)

13
Applying outer plywood / water & damp proof electric installation plumbing work

14
Windows and doors & in/outside insulation work

15
Outside finishing work / Inside finishing work

16
Completion of Construction

2 Construction Process (5)

Foundation Work

As same as other building, place the mould, place the concrete, and finish the foundation. Generally constructing with
line or mat foundation. It is important to have a correct horizontality to set the Steel house panel with 90 degree angle. In case of need to place the connecting material into the foundation, pay attention to the position.

1st floor wall construction

The stud at the site will be manufactured according to the shop drawing and later will be placed in proper position and finish
the wall structure. The panel can be delivered to the site after production at the factory. At this time be cautious on delivery and connection. In this case you can shorten the construction time and save cost as well since it is not affected by weather. Also the work in busy city area becomes easier easier.

2nd floor construction

Generally complete the floor frame work installing the floor joist in horizontal. On top of that install the deck plate or
plywood. Able to finish the floor in various way according to the insulation & vibration performance and apply either the drywall or wet wall construction process.

2 Construction Process (7)

2nd floor wall construction

As same as 1st floor wall construction method, install the panel after manufacturing. In order to secure the variability sometimes the inner non-load bearing framework can be worked on the wet floor. Connect the 2nd floor wall framework with floor frame and for the shear wall, fix that into the 1st wall framework with strap.

Roof frame work

Generally the roof framework is formed using the truss or rafter and there are hipped roof and pediment according to the
shape. Virendeel truss is possible by placing the truss over the wall stud. Able to express the various type of ceiling space and the rafter forms the roof with one-piece. Able to secure wide ceiling space.

Outer finishing work

After completion of frame work first the plywood and gypsum board will be installed in order not to be affected by weather,
and according to the insulation specification install outside/middle insulation using the magnesium board, glass surface etc. then the building paper will be installed. The roof will be installed with metal.

2 Construction Process (8)

Inside finishing work

The inside installation and finishing work is progressing while outside construction work is going on. Paint the inner wall or
attach wall paper and install floor material on the floor. Steel house is completed when the bathroom and kitchen is completed.

Completion

Completion of Steel house

3. P d ti 3 Production Material M t i l
3-1 Metal Roof Tile 3-2 SPANDREL PANEL 3-3 STUD / TRACK / JOIST 3-4 METAL SIDING PANEL 3-5 SPANDREL PANEL

3-1 Metal Roof Tile (1)

Metal roof material is easy to install and economical , durable, safe, environment friendly material. They are the next generation
construction material. material It has a strong point to natural disaster and the water proof capability is superior due to the characteristics of this product. It is widely used in construction material due to the high tap density.

K 800 Basic Type

PK 800 Insulation Type

Model No: K 800 Width: 800mm Height: 10mm-25mm Length: according to customers request customer s Thickness: 0.326mm-0.6mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet

Model No: PK 800 Width: 800mm Height: 10mm-25mm Length: according to customers request customer s Thickness: 0.326mm-0.6mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet PE-Foam: 3mm,normal,difficult-flammability, nonflammability

3-1 Metal Roof Tile (2)

R 900 Basic Type PR 900 Insulation Type

Model No: R 900 Width: 900mm Height: 10mm-25mm Length: according to customers request Thickness: 0.326mm-0.6mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat oated colored steel sheet

Model No: PR 900 Width: 900mm Height: 10mm-25mm Length: according to customers request Thickness: 0.326mm-0.6mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet PE-Foam: 3mm,normal,difficult-flammability,non- f ammability

Model No: R 400(Ridge of a house) Width: 180mm Length: 2500mm according to customers request Thickness: 0.326mm-0.6mm Appendants: End Cap, Close, Cap Screw Bolt

3-1 Metal Roof Tile (3)

V 115 Basic Type PV 115 Insulation Type

Model No: V 115 Width: 920mm Length: according to customers request customer s Thickness: 0.326mm-0.7mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet

Model No: PV 115 Width: 920mm Length: according to customers request customer s Thickness: 0.326mm-0.7mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet PE-Foam: 6mm,fire retardant materials est.

U 200 Basic Type

PU 200 Insulation Type

Model No: U 200 Width: 1000mm Length: according to customers request Thickness: 0.326mm-0.7mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Ma t coated colored steel sheet

Model No: PU 200 Width: 1000mm Length: according to customers request Thickness: 0 326mm 0 7mm 0.326mm-0.7mm Material: Polyester coated colored steel sheet Mat coated colored steel sheet PE-Foam: 6mm,fire retardant materials est.

3-2 SPANDEL PANEL

Standing Seam Roof Panel is used as a outside finishing material and roof material but it adopts the new connection method of their th i own. When raining, waterproof capability is superior since not only it makes the beautiful building but also it has a smooth surface. Especially it is strong to the natural disaster and heavy snow selecting the male and female connection method of 25~38mm steel plate. It maintains the roof slope angle of above 10/2 and do not use the volt and nuts when connecting. So the water proof capability is superior without separate water proof system.

Effective width : 350mm Height: 40mm

Length : No limit Thickness : 0.5T 0.8T 0 5T~0 8T Product Material : General color Steel Plate Product Characteristics Beautiful corrugated shape Easy to install No leaks or corrosion due to the superior waterproof performance Able to express the unique beauty with multiple color &pattern S Scope of product use: Vill S h l T f d Villa, School, Town house, Ch h P bli h Church, Public Building, Factory etc.

3-3 STUD / TRACK / JOIST

The stud is the structure which supports the vertical load or transfer horizontal load.

Web: 50mm-150mm Flange: 40mm Lib: 10mm

Track does the role of holding the upper & lower parts in the wall or truss but is more used for blocking & supplemental material.

Web: 50mm-150mm Flange: 40mm

The joist is the horizontal material which supports the floor load. In using at truss is used Web: 150mm-300mm

Flange: 50mm g

as a rafter and in manufacturing the inside wall Lib: 20mm is used as a header.

Product Characteristics 1. Thickness : 0.5mm-3.2mm 2. It uses the structure material processed with surfaced treated light weight steel (SGC400). 3. Solid structurally and strong to the earthquake. 4. 4 Easy to work on and shorten the construction time time.

3-4 3 4 METAL SIDING PANEL

Metal Siding can make the building more elegant while most of the building looks similar.
The uniqueness of metal siding has a power to attract eyes of customer so it is helpful to promote company image and sales sales.

Product Characteristics High strength rigidity : Strong to the outside shock . Under any weather condition it maintains the building function and easy to construct. Easy to construct : Simple construction, economical, excellent in shortening the construction length e g Design superiority : Beautiful outside look since it does not use the nuts and volts for connection, easy to keep maintenance.

Outside siding material

3-5 3 5 SPANDREL PANEL

Spandrel Panel has not only the function of their own but also the various color. Especially the advanced design of product will add more beauty and elegance to the building.

Product Characteristics Water tightness : It saves the energy cost due to the high water tightness. It has high safety capability to the storm due to the water and damp resistant capability. Easy to work with : When working on this it produces less noise due to the soft character and provide pleasant environment. Easiness to maintain: Maintenance work is easy since it has less color change, corrosion and change Superior Design: Easy to maintain and has a beautiful outlook since it does not use nuts and volts for connection.

4. Corrosion & Earthquake Resistance of St l Structure H f Steel St t House

4-1 Corrosion resistance

4-2 Earthquake Resistance

4-1 Corrosion Resistance (1)

Outline
For the past 100 years, Zinc has been contributing in improving life span and durability of steel materials. Zinc is the most effective and economic way to protect steels. Melton galvanized steel sheet not only shows excellent corrosion resistance, but is also great in processability, welding & coating quality and recycling. Since it is light and beautiful, its usage is expanded to car maker, furniture and other various aspects not to mention the construction and civil engineering fields. Recently, with the fast distribution of steel house globally, the market also expanded to roof material.

Example of Zinc galvanized steel

Applied fields and conditions of Zinc galvanization

4-1 Corrosion Resistance (2)

Durability of Zinc galvanized lightweight shape structure
Durability of Zinc galvanized materials has close relationship with the materials in the air and period exposed to humidity. In case of steel house, low internal humidity slows down the corrosion rate of the materials. In conclusion, the life span of the steel house is almost permanent when lightweight shape structure is used recommended by the American Iron and Steel Institute. Like most of the construction materials, Zinc galvanized materials will be corroded when exposed to leakage, excessive humidity, and condensation. However, there is no need to worry about condensation if steel house is built with quality insulation according to construction regulation and ventilated and maintained properly. Steel houses by the shore shall require additional plate. p

Quality in Steel House

The corrosion rate of the Zinc galvanized steels is generally very slow inside the house. According to the research conducted in Technical-Welsh Laboratories of British Steel for 3 years, less than 0.1um corrosion rate was shown on the average in the 15 houses in various places in city, suburban and industrial area. This test tells us that steel houses in similar circumstances will last for 300 years when built with 10 um thickness of Zinc galvanization. On top of that, in May 1995, a corrosion test was run on a 20-year old steel house in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, clear evidence of corrosion on Zinc galvanized STUD (Vertical column) was not found. And there was almost no d th l t damage t th coating on th STUD of th external and i t to the ti the f the t l d internal walls. l ll

4-1 Corrosion Resistance (3)

Conclusion

The corrosion can be effectively and economically prevented when drew lightweight shape and Melton galvanized steel sheet was used as main material of the buildings including steel houses. Zinc galvanization forms hard zinc layer on the surface of material and this prevents corrosion problems in the process of material production, transportation, storage and construction stage. The steel materials in steel house are used mostly on the floors, walls, or roof and this also slows down the rate of corrosion of Zinc.

The steel house with lightweight shape structure will be the optimal residential facility for Brunei where the average temperature is high with high humidity and heavy rainfall rainfall.

The lightweight shape structure used by GTC Corporation is almost permanent since the quantity of plate used is more than that of the ones suggested by the American Iron and Steel Institute.

4-2 Earthquake Resistance (1)

There are many causes when a building is destructed or collapsed by earthquake. Because a direct damage to building is a natural phenomenon of earthquake. The natural phenomenon caused by earthquake are shaking of ground, landslide, avalanche, rise and split of ground and Tsunami and so on. All these can influence a house variously, but in order to evaluate safety of a house against earthquake, damage of the building caused by the horizontal force created by the vibration of the ground shall be tested as in the exhibit 1. Thus, safety of a building against earthquake correlates closely with the solidity of joints enduring the weight of the building. Firstly, earthquake moves the weight of the building horizontally and the horizontal force varies from time to time. time Building is damaged from the movement of ground ground. The horizontal movement is proportional to the weight of the building. That is, the lighter the building, the less the damage by earthquake. Steel h d b th k St l house uses light materials li ht t i l

and a piece of steel house wall weighs 1/8 of a concrete wall and half of 2x4 wooden wall same size. That is why

the steel house is much safer with less horizontal movement when same size and floors of houses were hit by earthquake.

Exhibit 1. Movement of weight caused by earthquake

4-2 Earthquake Resistance (2)

The horizontal weight movement starts from base ground to walls and on to floors and to the walls on 2nd floor and up to the roof. One part that can not endure the weight movement, the building gets damage. The base ground, walls, floors and roofs of steel house can be planned to resist strongly against horizontal weight movement Firstly, a steel structure called Hold-down is installed to prevent weight movement transiting from ground to walls, and then anchor connects walls and ground to avoid slipping of walls by the weight movement. (Exhibit 2) The walls of steel house uses X-bracing or sheathing materials to keep the walls from transforming to diamond shape by weight movement as in the exhibit 3. Xbracing are made of steel sheet to maximize resistance even when installed in small p places. On the other hand, sheathing material shows weak resistance comparing to p X-bracing, but can be installed in larger area.

Exhibit 2: Picture of Hold-down and Anchor

Exhibit 3: Steel house walls resisting against weight movement

4-2 Earthquake Resistance (3)

X-bracing uses the same steel sheet as in the steel house materials and depending on the width, thickness and number of screws in corner joints, resistance power can be controlled against weight movement. Thus this is effective when the building has light walls or weight movement is great. (Exhibit 4)

Exhibit 4: X-bracing X bracing walls

(kg/m ) 383 462 810 620 1. 60 . 2. : No. 6 @150/300

Sheathing materials use 12mm OSB or Melton sheet to resist against weight movement and the resistance power can be controlled by the space of the joint screws. As in the table 1, the force of the weight movement and the power to resist the movement is carefully calculated in steel house plan.

( / ) 12 / 12 12OSB / 12 12 + Holdown 12OSB + Holdown

3. 12 4. 2.5 5. 1.2m

(Table 1) Strength of Sheathing materials of steel house

4-2 Earthquake Resistance (4)

In case of steel house floor, a structural material called Joist with 18mm OSB is used or tightening of screws by Deck-plate and then connects with blocking and strap. A floor built this way can resist against horizontal weight movement from walls. (Exhibit 5)

Exhibit 5: Floor of steel house

4-2 Earthquake Resistance (5)

In case of steel house roof, a structural materials called Truss is assembled and then connected with 12mm OSB screw. They are connected by Truss bracing to resist against horizontal weight movement. Truss and y y g g g walls are connected with screws and steel connector. This construction method, used in the steel house walls, has been proved safe through hold-down installation, anchor installation, plaster board, number of screws which are considered to be related to resistance against weight movement A wall of actual size was made movement. and it was hit by an actual seismic wave (El Centro wave, Kobe EW wave) to prove the safety.
Kobe_EW earchquake
0.8 0.6 0.4

accel(g)

0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 5 10 15 20

time increment(sec)

Exhibit 5: Testing of actual steel house wall

Exhibit 6: Kobe wave used in wall test

Because of the light materials of the steel house, the horizontal weight movement caused by earthquake is relatively weak and the construction (Assembly) method is earthquake-resistant designed using proved earthquake resistant materials on base ground, walls, floor and roof.