HCS Chemistry 2010

Aims

. Aim 1: To identify and prepare a natural indicator using red cabbage Aim 2: To use the natural indicator and two other commercial indicators(universal indicator and phenolphthalein) to classify five household substances as acidic, basic or neutral.

Risk assessment
Risk Effect Prevention Treatment

HCS Che s y 2010

- Is corrosive liquid - Skin contact: Brie ex sure may cause irritation. Prolonged contact may result in burns. - Eye contact: is irritating and may cause conjunctivitis ulceration and corneal burns. Permanent eye damage may result.

Hydrochloric Acid HCl)1

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)2

Commercial Indicators

- Can stain Clothing - If it comes in contact with the body it will cause the skin to stain

Bunsen Burner3

- Skin, clothing, scarf and surrounding objects can catch fire and burn if it comes in contact with the Bunsen flame. - If gas tap is not closed properly, gas (usually methane) will build up in the laboratory- fire or explosion hazard.

Glassware e.g. beaker4

- Damaged or broken glass can cut the skin and/or enter the eyes. - Glassware that is heated over the Bunsen flame becomes extremely hot, and will burn the skin of it come into contact with it.

To avoid any contact with skin or clothing: - Wear safety gloves. - Wear closed shoes. - Ensure that ties are taken off( for the boys), and scarves are tied back (for the girls) To avoid any risks associated with the Bunsen burner - Wear safety glasses - Ensure that scarfs (for girls) and ties (for boys)are tied back to make sure that it may not come in contact with the Bunsen flame and catch fire. - Check the gas tap after using the Bunsen burner to ensure it is turned off completely. - Ensure that the Bunsen burner is clear of any surrounding objects so that they do not catch fire. - Never leave a Bunsen burner unattended with an open flame. To avoid any risks associated with glassware: - Wear safety glasses - Wear safety gloves. - Wear closed shoes. - Ensure that the glassware is completely cooled before handling

- Skin Contact: If skin is burnt, place infected area under pouring water. Seek medical attention - If clothing catches fire: stop, drop and roll. Call emergency. - In case of fire, evacuate the room and call emergency.

- Immediately inform the teacher if any glassware is broken - Skin Contact: If skin comes into contact with hot glassware, place infected area under pouring water. If skin is cut, wash infected area with water and tightly press with a tissue or cloth, seek medical attention if required.

1 2

Material Safety Data Sheet: Hydrochloric acid http://dkt.net.au/msdsfiles/hydrochloric%20acid.pdf Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium hydroxide http://www.vinquiry.com/pdf/MSDS/SODIUMHYDROXIDESOLN.pdf 3 Fire Safety in the School Science Labs: http://www.ehow.com/facts_6178922_fire-safety-school-science-labs.html 4 Risk assessment: use of glassware: http://www.bath.ac.uk/chemistry/safety/glassware.html

- Is a corrosive liquid - Eye Contact: Causes irritation of eyes and with greater exposures it can cause burns that may result in permanent impairment of vision. - Skin Contact: Contact with skin can cause irritation or severe burns and scarring with greater exposures

To avoid any contact with eyes and skin: - Wear safety glasses - Wear safety gloves. - Wear protective clothing - Wear closed shoes

To avoid any contact with eyes and skin: - Wear safety glasses - Wear safety gloves. - Wear protective clothing - Wear closed shoes

- Eye contact: immediately hold eyelids open and rinse the eye continuously with a gentle stream of clean running water for at least fifteen minutes. Seek urgent medical attention - Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse the affected area with water then wash thoroughly with soap and water. Use water alone if soap is unavailable. Seek medical attention if any soreness or inflammation of the skin persists - Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Seek medical attention immediately . - Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Seek medical attention immediately - Skin contact: Wash with soap and water(indicators will not irritate or harm the skin)

HCS Chemistry 2010

Materials
Safety Glasses Safety Gloves 1 Red Cabbage Commercial ndicators:  Universal ndicator  Phenolphthalein Household chemicals:  Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid  Winde Multi-surface cleaner

Knife cuts: http://www.ehow.com/how_6543213_treat- nife-cut.html

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Household substances

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- May have an acidic o basic natu , hence it may be co osi . Contact: May cause irritation of eyes and with greater e posures it can cause burns. - i n Contact: Contact with s in may cause irritation or burns

To avoid any contact with eyes and s in: - Wear saf t lass s - Wear saf t lo s. - Wear p ot cti clothin - Wear clos d sho s

Contact: mmediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. See medical attention. - i n Contact: mmediately flush s in with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. See medical attention.



Knife and grater5



- Have sharp edges - Can cut through s in and may cause infection if used incorrectly

To prevent nife and grater cuts: - Ma e sure to cut/grate slowly and carefully. - When using the nife ma e sure that fingers are away from the edge of the nife - When grating ensure that the fingers are not too close to the grater.

- Cut in s in: Dampen a washcloth and clean the infected area lightly, carefully wiping away any large contaminants such as dirt or food. Observe the wound to see if it is bleeding continuously. Also try to observe the depth of the wound and evaluate if there is any numbness or an inability to move the wounded area. f the wound is deep enough to e pose flesh under the s in or is numb, see medical attention immediately

 ' ( !    &

HCS Chemistry 2010

1 Bunsen Burner 1 Tripod Stand 1 Gauze Mat Matches 1 Measuring cylinder 8 Test Tube 2 250ml bea er 3x pipettes Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) solution Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution 1x Knife 1x Cutting board 1x Grater 1x Sieve

Method
Part A: Extracting the natural indicator from red cabbage 1. Wear safety gloves and safety glasses. 2. Wash all glassware including bea ers, test tubes and measuring cylinder with distilled water to ensure that all impurities that may affect the results are completely removed. 3. Using a nife and cutting board cut the red cabbage into quarters as shown in the figure below.

2 Test Tube Rac

  

White vinegar(Coles smart buy) Winde shower Daily shower cleaner (non-to ic cleaner)

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

HCS Chemistry 2010

4. Grate one section of the red cabbage using the grater and place the shredded pieces into an empty, clean bea er. 5. Add between 100-200 mL of distilled water into the bea er, enough to cover the shredded red cabbage. 6. Place the bea er (red cabbage + distilled water) on the gauze mat and ignite the Bunsen burner as shown below

Source: http://www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/ma ing-a-ph-indicator,58,EX.html

7. Let the bea er (red cabbage + distilled water) boil for around 10 minutes, until the mixture turns a purplish colour. 8. Turn off the Bunsen burner and allow for the bea erand its contents to cool for at least 10 mins before moving it off the gauze mat. 9. After the bea er (red cabbage + distilled water) has cooled filter the mixture using the sieve and collect the filtrate in an empty, clean bea er.

HCS Chemistry 2010

Part B: Determining the acidic, basic or neutral nature of 5 household substances using the red cabbage indicator and the two commercial indicators (Phenolphthalein and Universal indicator) 10. Using a measuring cylinder, measure 10ml of HCl and place into a clean, empty test tube. Add 5 drops of red cabbage indicator into the test tube using the pipette. Label the test tube using mas ing tape and mar er. 11. Wash the measuring cylinder in distilled water and repeat step 12 usingNaOH and distilled water. 12. Place the labelled test tubes (natural indicator with HCl, NaOH and distilled water) into an empty test tube rac and label the test tube rac as Control using the mas ing tape and mar er.

HCS Chemistry 2010

13. Place 10 mL of Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid into 3 empty, clean test tubes (i.e.: 10mL into each of the 3 test tubes) and situate the test tubes on the second test tube rac . 14. Add 5 drops of red cabbage indicator, Universal indicator and phenolphthalein into each of the test tubes respectively using separate pipettes and record observations of colour change. 15. Clean the measuring cylinder using distilled water . 16. Repeat steps 15-17 using the remaining household substances. 17. Repeat steps 12- 18 four times and record observations of colour change.

Independent Variables:
-Type of indicator (red cabbage, Universal indicator and Phenolphthalein) - Household substances including:    Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar(Coles smart buy)

HCS Chemistry 2010

 

Windex shower Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner)

Dependant Variables:
- Colour change in HCI, NaOH, distilled water and household substances with indicator (red cabbage, Universal indicator and Phenolphthalein)

Controlled Variables:
- The amount of Indicator (red cabbage, Universal indicator and Phenolphthalein) in each test (2.5ml). - The amount of HCI, NaOH, distilled water and household substance used in each test (2.5mL)

Results:
The tables below show the colour changes of the red cabbage indicator, Universal indicator as well as Phenolphthalein in various substances.

Trial 1
Substance Distilled Water Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex shower Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar (Coles smart buy) Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner) Colour of red cabbage indicator Colour of Universal indicator Colour of Phenolphthalein

HCS Chemistry 2010

Trial 2
Substance Distilled Water Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex shower Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar (Coles smart buy) Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner) Colour of red cabbage indicator Colour of Universal indicator Colour of Phenolphthalein

Trial 3
Substance Distilled Water Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex shower Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar (Coles smart buy) Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner) Colour of red cabbage indicator Colour of Universal indicator Colour of Phenolphthalein

HCS Chemistry 2010

Trial 4
Substance Distilled Water Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex shower Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar (Coles smart buy) Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner) Colour of red cabbage indicator Colour of Universal indicator Colour of Phenolphthalein

Trial 5
Substance Distilled Water Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Palmolive anti-bacterial dishwashing liquid Windex shower Windex Multi-surface cleaner White vinegar (Coles smart buy) Daily shower cleaner (non-toxic cleaner) Colour of red cabbage indicator Colour of Universal indicator Colour of Phenolphthalein