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tcvn 5760 : 1993

H thng cha chy - Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t v s dng

Fire extinguishing system - General requirements for design, installation and use
Tiu chun ny p dng thit k, lp t v s dng cc h thng cha chy |c trang b cho cc cng trnh (nh my, x nghip, kho tng, tr s, c quan, nh... )
1.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13

1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18

Thut ng v nh ngha H thng cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut chuyn dng, |ng ng v cht cha chy dng dp tt cc m chy. H thng cha chy c nh l h thng cha chy |c lp t c nh. H thng cha chy bn c nh l h thng cha chy m mt phn ca h thng |c lp t c nh, phn cn li khi cha chy mi lp ni hon chnh. H thng cha chy t ng l h thng cha chy |c iu khin t ng khi xy ra chy. H thng cha chy bng tay l h thng cha chy |c iu khin bng tay. H thng cha chy theo th tch l h thng cha chy to ra mi tr|ng khng duy s chy trong th tch cn cha chy. H thng cha chy b mt l h thng cha chy |c dng phun kn ln b mt cht chy. H thng cha chy bng n|c l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l n|c. H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt. H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt. H thng cha chy bng kh l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l kh. H thng cha chy bng hi l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l hi n|c. H thng cha chy sprinkler l h thng cha chy vi du phun kh lun ch th|ng trc, u phun |c m ra khi t ti nhit quy nh v ch cha chy cc b trn mt din tch nht nh. H thng cha chy Drencher l h thng cha chy vi u phun h, khi c chy ton b din tch pha d|i cc u phun |c phun cht cha chy. H thng cha chy vch t|ng l h thng cha chy |c lp t trn t|ng bn trong cc cng trnh. B phn iu khin l cc thit b iu khin s hot ng ca h thng cha chy. B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy l cc thit b dng cha v truyn ti cht cha chy. B phn phn b cht cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut dng phn chia, dn, chuyn cht cha chy.

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

2. Phn loi m chy 2.1 Ph thuc vo trng thi cht chy v vt liu chy, m chy |c phn thnh 4 loi : chy cht rn k hiu l A, chy cht lng k hiu l B, chy cht kh k hiu l C v chy kim loi k hiu l D. Mi loi cn |c phn thnh nhm m bo hiu qu cao khi s dng h thng cha chy. 2.2 Loi v nhm m chy |c quy nh trong bng 1. Bng 1
K hiu lai m chy c tnh ca loi m chy K hiu nhm m chy A1 A Chy cht rn A2 c tnh ca nhm m chy Chy cc cht rn vi qu trnh chy m (Th d : g, giy, c kh, rm r, than, sn phm dt) Chy cc cht rn nh|ng khng c qu trnh chy m . (Th d : Cht do) Chy cht lng khng tan trong n|c (Th d : xng ete, nhin liu du m); chy cht rn ha lng (th d : paraphin) Chy cc cht lng ha tan trong n|c (th d : r|u, Metanol, glyxrin)

B1 B Chy cht lng B2 Chy cc cht kh (th d : Metan, hyro, Propan...) D1 D Chy cc kim loi D2 D3

Chy cc cht kim loi nh (Th d: nhm, manh v hp kim ca chng) Chy kim loi kim v cc kim loi ng dng khc (th d: natri, kali) Chy cc hp cht c cha kim loi (Th d: cc hp cht hu c kim loi, hydrua kim loi)

2.3

Biu t|ng loi m chy gip cho ng|i s dng cc thit b, dng c cha chy ph hp vi tng loi m chy. Mi thit b, dng c cha chy phi |c gn biu t|ng trn ng quy nh. Biu t|ng loi m chy |c quy nh bng 2.

tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5760 : 1993

Ch thch: i vi thit b, dng c cha |c nhiu loi m chy khc nhau th phi |c gn y cc loi biu t|ng quy nh.

3. Yu cu v thit k 3.1 Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi cn c vo loi m chy, tnh cht nguy him chy v khi l|ng cht chy c trong cng trnh v hiu qu cha chy ca cc h thng. Hiu qu cha cc m chy khi thit k h thng cha chy xem bng 3. Bng 3
Cht cha chy 1 Hiu qu khi cha cc loi m chy H thng A1 3 + + + ++ + ++ ++ A A1 4 B1 5 + B B2 6 7 + ++ + C D1 8 D D2 9 D3 10

2 Vch t|ng N|c Sprinkler Drencher Bt nh Bt Bt nng Bt trung bnh Kh CO2 Bt BC Bt Bt ABCD

++ +

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Ch thch: Du "++" - Rt hiu qu. Du "+" - Cha chy thch hp. Du "-" - Cha chy khng thch hp. Bt nh - Bt c bi s n cao. Bt trung bnh - Bt c bi s n trung bnh Bt nng - Bt c bi s n thp. Bt BC - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu B, C Bt ABCD - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu A, B, Cv D.

tcvn 5760 : 1993

3.2

H thng cha chy c : - B phn bo ng. - B phn iu khin. - B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy. - B phn phn b cht cha chy v u phun, lng phun. - B phn |ng ng. - B phn cung cp in. cc h thng cha chy bng tay v bn c nh cho php gim bt tng b phn xt thy khng cn thit c trong h thng. Kh thit k h thng cha chy phi m bo l|u lng cht cha chy. L|u l|ng cht cha chy ph thuc vo loi cht cha chy, cht chy, din tch v th tch cn cha chy. H thng cha chy phi m bo p lc |a cht cha chy vo ni chy. B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy phi m bo hot ng th|ng xuyn v phi c l|ng d tr ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy theo cc tiu chun TCVN 2622 : 1978 v TCVN 5307 : 1991. B phn phn b cht cha chy, u phun v lng phun phi m bo ph kn cht cha chy ln b mt cht chy, din tch cha chy v t l phn trm cn thit k khi cha chy th tch. Phi s dng u phun, lng phun ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy. B phn bo ng phi m bo hot ng bnh th|ng. Khi cha chy phi pht tn hiu bo ng. B phn cung cp in phi m bo cung cp y nng l|ng cho h thng cha chy hot ng. Phi c ngun cung cp in d phng kp thi thay th khi ngun chnh b ngt in. Khi thit k h thng cha chy cho cng trnh cn phi c : - Thuyt minh v kt cu v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng. - Cc thng s k thut. - Ti liu tnh v xc nh cc thng s k thut. - Bn h|ng dn kim tra chc nng ca h thng v ti liu h|ng dn bo d|ng k thut. - Cc bn v k thut.

3.3

3.4 3.5

3.6

3.7 3.8 3.9

3.10

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3.11 3.12

tcvn 5760 : 1993

Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi xem xt c im cu trc ca cng trnh m bo hiu qu khi s dng. Ch thit k h thng cha chy SPRINKLER cho cng trnh c chiu cao ca trn hoc mi t l0m tr xung. Khong cch t u phun, lng phun n cht chy, vt chy phi m bo t 0,5m tr ln. H thng cha chy DRENCHER |c thit k cho cng trnh khng hn ch chiu cao ca trn hoc mi. Khi thit k h thng cha chy DRENCHER cn phn chia tng vng trnh cha trn lan. Khi thit k h thng cha chy bng bt, bng kh phi xem xt n kh nng thot kh tha nhm gim p lc d| trong cng trnh. B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy |c thit k trong cng trnh hay ngoi tri ty thuc vo iu kin c th ca cng trnh.

3.13

3.14 3.15

4. Yu cu v lp t 4.1 Ch |c tin hnh lp t hoc thay i h thng cha chy theo h s thit k |c c quan phng chy cha chy ph duyt. 4.2 Khi lp t h thng cha chy, cc thit b phi m bo kn, bn nht l cc h thng cha sn cht cha chy c p lc. 4.3 B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy t ngoi nh phi c mi che trnh m|a nng. 4.4 Sau khi lp t hon chnh h thng cha chy phi tin hnh th nghim, nh gi cht l|ng v cc thng s k thut ca h thng v phi |c ghi vo bin bn nghim thu. 5. Yu cu v s dng. 5.1 Ch cho php |a vo hot ng nhng h thng cha chy m bo cht l|ng v cc thng s k thut theo thit k. 5.2 Mi h thng cha chy phi c s theo di ghi chp cc thng tin v h thng . S theo di do ng|i vn hnh bo qun v ghi chp. 5.3 H thng cha chy phi |c nh k bo d|ng k thut theo h|ng dn ca ni ch to sn xut. Tr|ng hp sa cha, thay th khi c s c hoc hng hc cng phi thc hin ng theo h|ng dn. 5.4 Sau khi s dng h thng cha chy vo vic cha chy hoc thc tp, c quan qun l trc tip phi nhanh chng thay th, sa cha nu thy cn thit. 5.5 Ng|i vn hnh h thng cha chy phi c trnh hiu bit nht nh v chuyn phi nm |c quy trnh vn hnh theo bn h|ng dn ca ni ch to sn xut. 5.6 Ng|i vn hnh lun phi th|ng xuyn kim tra kh nng sn sng cha chy ca h thng theo ti liu h|ng dn ca ni ch to sn xut v cc ti liu c lin quan khc. Khi pht hin cc hng hc phi bo ngay cho ng|i c trch nhim ca n v mnh bit khc phc. 5.7 Ng|i bo d|ng k thut, sa cha hoc thay th tng b phn ca h thng cha phi c trnh chuyn mn v phi |c cp c thm quyn quyt nh.