Cellular Expert Whitepaper

Radio Network Planning Application
Based on ArcGIS

White Paper

October 2009

Copyright 2009 HNIT-BALTIC. All rights reserved. Cellular Expert and Cellular Expert logo are registered trademarks, @hnit-baltic.lt and www.hnit-baltic.lt are service marks of
HNIT-BALTIC in Lithuania and some other countries. In the United States and in some countries ArcGIS, ArcView, Spatial Analyst, 3D Analyst, ArcSDE are registered trademarks of
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. The names of other products herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners.
Cellular Expert White Paper 2
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ____________________________________________________________ 6
2. System Configuration ____________________________________________________ 8
2.1. License types ______________________________________________________________ 8
2.2. Single-User Environment ____________________________________________________ 8
2.3. Multi-User Environment _____________________________________________________ 8
2.4. Cellular Expert Reader _____________________________________________________ 10
3. Cellular Expert Licenses _________________________________________________ 11
4. Data Management ______________________________________________________ 12
4.1. Network Data Management __________________________________________________ 12
4.1.1. Sites ___________________________________________________________________________ 12
4.1.2. Customers ______________________________________________________________________ 13
4.1.3. Constructions ____________________________________________________________________ 13
4.1.4. Sectors _________________________________________________________________________ 14
4.1.5. Passive Repeaters ________________________________________________________________ 14
4.1.6. Cells ___________________________________________________________________________ 14
4.2. Radio Equipment Data Management __________________________________________ 14
4.2.1. Antenna Editor ___________________________________________________________________ 15
4.2.2. Antenna Import and Export _________________________________________________________ 17
4.2.3. Radio Channels __________________________________________________________________ 18
4.2.4. Modulation Performance ___________________________________________________________ 18
4.2.5. Carriers ________________________________________________________________________ 19
4.2.6. Spectrum Density Masks ___________________________________________________________ 20
4.2.7. Radio Systems ___________________________________________________________________ 20
4.2.8. Equipment Availability _____________________________________________________________ 21
4.2.9. Adaptive Modulation_______________________________________________________________ 21
4.2.10. Feeders ______________________________________________________________________ 21
4.2.11. Radio components ______________________________________________________________ 22
5. Radio Path Profiling and Visibility Analysis _________________________________ 24
5.1. Radio Path Profiling ________________________________________________________ 24
5.1.1. Profiling calculations ______________________________________________________________ 24
5.1.2. Obstacle Management _____________________________________________________________ 25
5.1.3. Multi-path and reflection point analysis ________________________________________________ 25
5.1.4. Reflection Analysis ________________________________________________________________ 26
5.1.5. Antenna heights optimizer __________________________________________________________ 27
5.2. Visibility Analysis _________________________________________________________ 28
6. Transmission Network Design and Analysis ________________________________ 30
6.1. Radio Links Management ___________________________________________________ 30
6.2. Power Budget Analysis _____________________________________________________ 30
6.3. Performance Prediction ____________________________________________________ 31
6.4. Geoclimatic Data __________________________________________________________ 32
6.5. Protection and Diversity ____________________________________________________ 32
6.5.1. Equipment Protection Options _______________________________________________________ 32
6.5.2. Propagation Diversity Options _______________________________________________________ 32
6.6. Power Flux Density Calculation ______________________________________________ 33
6.7. Terrain Scattering Analysis _________________________________________________ 34
6.8. Interference Analysis _______________________________________________________ 34
6.9. Automatic Radio Link Frequency Planning _____________________________________ 35
6.10. Radio Link Capacity Planning _______________________________________________ 36
7. 2G/2.5G Network Design _________________________________________________ 37
7.1. Nominal Cell Planning ______________________________________________________ 37
7.2. User defined prediction models ______________________________________________ 37
7.3. Hata Type Models _________________________________________________________ 38
7.4. Line-Of-Sight Type Models __________________________________________________ 38
7.5. Field Strength Prediction ___________________________________________________ 39
7.6. Best Server Prediction _____________________________________________________ 40
7.7. Interference Analysis _______________________________________________________ 41
7.8. Drive Test Data Analysis ____________________________________________________ 42
7.8.1. Drive-test data import ______________________________________________________________ 42
7.8.2. Connect drive-test data points to serving cells __________________________________________ 43
7.8.3. Drive-test data playback ___________________________________________________________ 43
7.8.4. Drive-test data post-processing ______________________________________________________ 44
7.9. Prediction Model Tuning ____________________________________________________ 45
7.9.1. Prediction Error Calculation _________________________________________________________ 45
7.9.2. Prediction Model Calibration ________________________________________________________ 45
7.10. Traffic Planning and Analysis ________________________________________________ 46
8. 3G/3.5G/4G Network Design ______________________________________________ 48
8.1. Network Dimensioning _____________________________________________________ 48
8.2. Coverage Prediction _______________________________________________________ 48
8.3. Walfish Ikegami Model ____________________________________________________ 49
8.4. Monte Carlo Traffic Simulation for UMTS, HSDPA and LTE _______________________ 50
9. WiMAX Network Design _________________________________________________ 53
9.1. Nominal Cell Planning ______________________________________________________ 53
9.2. SUI Prediction Model _______________________________________________________ 53
9.3. Adaptive Modulation _______________________________________________________ 54
9.4. Throughput and Power Budget Calculations ___________________________________ 55
10. Automation and Optimization tools ______________________________________ 56
10.1. Automated Task Processing _________________________________________________ 56
10.2. Site Optimization __________________________________________________________ 56
10.3. Automatic Frequency Planning ______________________________________________ 57
10.4. Automated Site Candidates Selection _________________________________________ 59
10.5. Antenna Tilting Optimization ________________________________________________ 59
11. 3D Analysis and Visualization ___________________________________________ 61
12. GIS based Network Analysis ____________________________________________ 63
13. Reporting ___________________________________________________________ 64
14. Functionality Chart ____________________________________________________ 65
15. System Requirements _________________________________________________ 68
16. Contact Information ___________________________________________________ 69

List of Illustrations
Cellular Expert Object Inspector ......................................................................................................... 12
Representation of Sites on the map .................................................................................................... 13
Representation of Customers on the map .......................................................................................... 13
Representation of Constructions on the map .................................................................................... 14
Radio Equipment Manager .................................................................................................................. 15
Parabolic Antenna Editor ..................................................................................................................... 16
Sector Antenna Editor .......................................................................................................................... 16
Antenna Import ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Antenna Export ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Radio Channel Editor ........................................................................................................................... 18
Modulation Editor ................................................................................................................................. 19
Carrier Editor ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Spectrum Mask Editor .......................................................................................................................... 20
Radio System Editor ............................................................................................................................ 20
Equipment Availability ......................................................................................................................... 21
Adaptive Modulation Editor ................................................................................................................. 21
Feeder Editor ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Radio Component Editor ..................................................................................................................... 23
Path Profiling ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Reflection Point Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 26
Multi-path Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 26
Reflection analysis tool........................................................................................................................ 27
Antenna Height Optimizer .................................................................................................................... 27
Visibility Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 28
Advanced visibility calculation options .............................................................................................. 29
Radio Links Manager ........................................................................................................................... 30
Radio Link Prediction Results ............................................................................................................. 31
Radio Link performance targets .......................................................................................................... 31
Radio Link performance objectives .................................................................................................... 32
Protection and Diversity ...................................................................................................................... 33
Power Flux Density .............................................................................................................................. 33
Terrain Scattering ................................................................................................................................. 34
Interference prediction results ............................................................................................................ 35
Automatic frequency planning tool ..................................................................................................... 35
Traffic Flow manager ........................................................................................................................... 36
Tracing network connections on the map .......................................................................................... 36
Nominal cell plan .................................................................................................................................. 37
User defined prediction models .......................................................................................................... 37
Field strength coverage prediction using Hata9999 prediction model ............................................. 38
Field strength coverage prediction using line-of-sight prediction model ........................................ 39
Field strength coverage prediction dialog and results ...................................................................... 40
Best server prediction dialog and results .......................................................................................... 41
Interference coverage prediction dialog and results ......................................................................... 42
Drive-test data import tool ................................................................................................................... 42
Drive-test serving cell tool ................................................................................................................... 43
Connecting Drive-test data points to serving cells ............................................................................ 43
Drive-test Data Viewer tool .................................................................................................................. 44
Drive-test Data Post-Processing ......................................................................................................... 44
Prediction Error Calculation ................................................................................................................ 45
Prediction Model Tuning ...................................................................................................................... 46
Sector traffic spreading over best server area ................................................................................... 47
CDMA Network Dimensioning Calculator window ............................................................................. 48
UMTS/HSDPA coverage predictions ................................................................................................... 49
Field strength coverage prediction using Walfish-Ikegami model.................................................... 50
Monte Carlo traffic simulation tool ...................................................................................................... 50
HSDPA traffic simulations ................................................................................................................... 51
LTE traffic simulations ......................................................................................................................... 51
Monte Carlo traffic simulation results ................................................................................................. 51
Monte Carlo traffic coverage results ................................................................................................... 52
Nominal cell plan .................................................................................................................................. 53
Field strength coverage map predicted using SUI model ................................................................. 54
Adaptive modulation data rate ............................................................................................................ 54
WiMAX Parameters Calculator ............................................................................................................ 55
Automated Task Processing Tool ....................................................................................................... 56
Site optimization tool ........................................................................................................................... 57
Automatic Frequency Planning parameters definition dialogs ......................................................... 58
Automatic Frequency Planning Results dialog .................................................................................. 58
Automated Site Candidates Selection Tool ........................................................................................ 59
Calculated minimum site number to serve fixed customers ............................................................. 59
Antenna gain map ................................................................................................................................ 60
3D antenna pattern visualization ......................................................................................................... 61
3D antenna pattern and field strength coverage map for WiMAX network ...................................... 62
Statistics of field strength coverage raster ........................................................................................ 63
Cellular Expert Reports ........................................................................................................................ 64

1. INTRODUCTION

Cellular Expert
TM
is a wireless telecommunication network planning, optimization and data
management solution, available to the telecommunication industry since 1995. Used in 30
countries by more than 70 customers, the software is distinctive for its versatile functionality,
calculation precision, multi-technology, intuitive usage and powerful GIS platform. Cellular
Expert allows users to plan, optimize network and analyze information efficiently, to lower costs,
increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer support services. The software is
being constantly updated to support the latest technologies and includes the functionality based
on real customer requirements giving a significant advantage for the user.

HNIT-BALTIC is the developer of Cellular Expert. Operating since 1993, HNIT-BALTIC is a
constantly expanding international company, having more than 400 customers worldwide. The
company has 10 years of sales and marketing experience in international market focusing on
software solutions for telecommunication companies. The company provides software solutions
and professional services including software development, customization, implementation
system integration, training, consultancy and support in more than 30 countries worldwide.
HNIT-BALTIC business strategy focuses on an absolute commitment to customers to deliver
high quality, reliable, competitive and innovative solutions, enabling customers to lower
operational costs, increase profitability and customer satisfaction.

Cellular Expert solution is dedicated to:
- Mobile network operators
- Telecoms
- Internet providers
- Military communications
- Emergency service providers
- Private networks
- Consultancy services providers
- Other companies performing planning, analysis, optimization and reporting tasks for radio
networks.

Supported wireless technologies:
- Transmission networks (Microwave)
- Broadband access networks (LMDS, MMDS, WLL)
- 2G/2.5G networks (GSM, DCS, CDMA)
- 3G/3.5G networks (CDMA2000, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA)
- 4G networks (WiMAX, LTE)
- Military and rescue networks (TETRA, TETRAPOL)
- Other technologies in frequency range up to 40 GHz

Cellular Expert has several types of advanced coverage prediction algorithms for the modeling
of microwave point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, fixed and mobile radio systems based on ITU-R,
ETSI, COST 231 and IEEE standards and recommendations. The models can be calibrated
using drive test data, and customized for certain types of terrain and land-use. The propagation
models cover a distance range from several meters up to 150 kilometers and frequencies from
100 MHz up to 40 GHz. Cellular Expert supports Line of Sight, Hata, COST 231, Walfish-
Ikegami, SUI type models and the ability to implement additional prediction models. Cellular
Expert has the unique ability to use combined prediction models according to environmental
conditions. Coverage prediction functionality includes Field Strength and Best Server
calculations. There is a possibility to calculate N Best Servers and the number of servers per
area.

Cellular Expert is more than just a network planning tool. The software is developed on the
worlds leading Geographical Information System (GIS) platform - ArcGIS, which has been
developed by the industry leader ESRI Inc. ArcGIS allows analyzing data and author
geographic knowledge to examine relationships, test predictions, and ultimately make better
decisions. ArcGIS provides a complete set of tools for modeling geographic information to
support smarter, faster decisions. ArcGIS can be used to discover and characterize geographic
patterns, model and analyze against all sources of geographic data, optimize network and
resource allocation, automate workflows through a visual modeling environment and use
comprehensive spatial modeling and analysis tools to reveal answers in your data. Extensions
for ArcGIS are specialized tools that add more capabilities and allow performing extended tasks
such as spatial analysis, raster geoprocessing, three-dimensional analysis, map publishing and
other tasks.
2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2.1. License types
Two types of Cellular Expert licenses are available -
Single-use and Concurrent-use. It gives the versatility for
the customer to optimize the number of seats used for the
software. A Single-use license is installed to each
workstation; it is beneficial when the workstation used for
Cellular Expert is exploited all the time. A Concurrent-use
license can be installed to unlimited number of seats,
simultaneously using the purchased number of the
licenses. This type of licenses is beneficial when many specialists in the company are using
Cellular Expert but only occasionally.
2.2. Single-User Environment
Single-User Environment is used when there is no need to
share network and geographical data and all the network
planning operations are done individually on a personal
computer. For Single-User configuration of Cellular
Expert, all the information about radio network objects is
stored in personal geodatabase (MDB format). Network
coverage predictions, best server, interference and other
raster data is stored in ESRI GRID format locally on the
disc. Geographical data can be stored locally on a disc,
on a network server or in ArcGIS Server database. ArcView license is required to operate in
Single-User environment.
2.3. Multi-User Environment
Multi-User Environment is used for collaborative network
planning when geographical and network data is shared
on a central database server. For Multi-User configuration
of Cellular Expert, all information about radio network
objects is stored in ArcGIS Server database. Geographic
data can be stored locally on disc, on a network server or
in ArcGIS Server database. Field strength predictions can
be calculated locally and stored on file server or ArcGIS
Server database. ArcEditor license is required to operate
in Multi-User Environment. ArcGIS Server with Microsoft
SQL Server database or Oracle database is required on
the server-side.

Cellular Expert supports database versioning. In addition to main database several versions
(e.g. planned Q1, alternative Q1,) can be created. Depending on task complexity, network
size several workflows can be applied:

Direct Editing
The simplest workflow for multi-user access to geodatabase is when many
users are directly editing the main network database.
Each person opens the main network database for editing, a temporary
version is created. Whenever the editor saves the work or ends the edit
session, then that temporary version is automatically reconciled with and posted to the main
database.
If there are conflicts, you must resolve them with the conflict resolution dialog before you can
successfully save your edits. If no conflicts are detected, the edits are directly posted to the
default version.
This workflow is most appropriate where the units of work are fairly modest in scale and where
no design alternatives have been explored or historical snapshots made.

Two-Level Tree
Many organizations employ a more structured process that
tracks discrete work units of construction or maintenance.
These work units typically span a time interval of days,
weeks, or months and represent tasks such as adding new
phone service.
When a work order or project is initiated, a version is created.
One or several people work on this version until the design or construction is complete. At that
point, reconciliation or posting are done to merge the work order features into the main
database, and then the work order version can be removed.

Multilevel Tree
Some organizations projects have a higher level of structure
and can be subdivided into functional or geographic parts.
For larger projects with departments and teams, a multilevel
version tree is an effective way to organize work flow. The
teams that are working on each aspect of the project have
their own version, with which they can maintain a private
view of their designs and then post the designs when
constructed.

Cyclical
Many projects go through a prescribed or regulated set of
stages that require engineering, administrative, or legal
approval before proceeding to the next stage.
A version represents each stage of this process. A cyclical
workflow can capture the design at each stage, and when
the last stage is reached and finished, the design can be
posted directly to the default version, which represents the
nominal state of the database.

Extended History
For some projects, it is desirable to preserve a version that
reflects a historic state of a project.
You can define a historic version on a project version, and
when the project version is posted to its parent version, the
historic version remains as a snapshot in time.

Cellular Expert Multi-User Functionality Depending on ESRI Licensing

Cellular Expert
on ArcEditor
Cellular Expert
on ArcView
View main network
database

View geographic data from
server

Calculate predictions, best
server, traffic distribution,
etc.

Post calculation to server

1

Create local copy of
network database

Direct multi-user editing of
network database

Create, edit, post network
database versions

View network database
versions

1
Cellular Expert on ArcView can post network data and prediction raster using ESRI tools for
data loading to ArcGIS Server.

2.4. Cellular Expert Reader
Cellular Expert Reader is a special configuration of the software used for previewing of
geographical and network objects. Cellular Expert Reader is installed on top of ArcReader. In
order to prepare and edit a project for previewing in Cellular Expert Reader, ArcView with
Publisher extension license is required.
3. CELLULAR EXPERT LICENSES
PROFILE
Cellular Expert Profile license provides the advanced radio path profiling functionality for point-
to-point network. Radio link power budget calculation, multipath and reflection analysis, as well
as the antenna height optimization functions are available.
RADIO LINKS
Cellular Expert Radio Links license is dedicated for fixed wireless telecommunication networks.
It is used to analyze and plan transmission networks, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
access networks.
STANDARD
Cellular Expert Standard license is dedicated for 2G/2.5G mobile networks. The module
provides the functionality to perform point-to-area calculations based on ITU-R, ETSI and COST
231 standards.
UMTS
Cellular Expert UMTS license is dedicated for 3G/3.5G mobile networks. Versatile functionality
and simplicity fully cover modern operator needs and is focused to use at all stages of network
planning and optimization.
WIMAX
Cellular Expert WiMAX license is dedicated for mobile and fixed WiMAX networks. The
functionality of this module is based on two key standards - fixed WiMAX IEEE 802.16d and
mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e.
PROFESSIONAL
Professional license combines Standard, UMTS and WiMAX licenses and is most suitable for
the mobile operators providing the whole spectrum of services and operating wide range of
wireless technologies.
ENTERPRISE
Cellular Expert Enterprise license is a combination of all modules and includes the complete
functionality offered by Cellular Expert solution.

Functionality Profile Radio Links Standard UMTS WiMAX Professional Enterprise
Radio Path Profiling
Network & Equipment Data Management
Transmission and access network planning
Visibility Area Calculation & Analysis
Nominal Network Planning
Field Strength & Best Server Coverage Prediction
Automated Frequency Planning
Automated Cell Planning
Drive Test Data Analysis & Model Calibration
UMTS Coverage & Service Planning & Analysis
WiMAX Network Planning
Traffic Planning & Analysis
Network Optimization Tools
Automated Task Processing
Multi User Environment -

4. DATA MANAGEMENT
4.1. Network Data Management
Cellular Expert is equipped with a set of various tools for management of network data. The
data can be represented and analyzed using map view, tabular view, graphs and reports. The
Object Inspector tool allows previewing and editing network objects such as sites, sectors,
constructions, repeaters, customers structured in hierarchical order. The objects can be
manipulated with a mouse pointer to perform moving, copying and creating templates.

Cellular Expert Object Inspector
4.1.1. Sites
The Site represents geographical location of a radio base station. It is identified by the unique site ID and
contains information about geographical coordinates, ground altitude, base height and other attributes.


Representation of Sites on the map
4.1.2. Customers
Customers, represent locations of individual subscribers in the point-to-multipoint networks. In addition to site
parameters, it may contain customers address and phone number information. Usually customer locations
represent antenna mountings on the rooftops of buildings.

Representation of Customers on the map
4.1.3. Constructions
Some sites may have several constructions, where radio transceivers are mounted. They are identified by IDs
of construction and site. The construction may have altitude and base height which differ from the
corresponding site's height.


Representation of Constructions on the map
4.1.4. Sectors
Sector represents radio transmitting and/or receiving equipment mounted on the corresponding site or
construction. It is identified by IDs of site and sector and may be prescribed a construction ID, if available.
Sector's attributes contain information about antenna type, orientation and height above ground, cell name,
feeder loss and other parameters depending on the type of the equipment. Depending on the nature of the radio
service, sectors may be divided into two types: cellular and transmission sectors. The cellular sectors are
equipped with broad-beam antennas used in point-to-area or point-to-multipoint communications. The
transmission sectors usually have unidirectional parabolic antennas and operate at a fixed set of frequencies.
On the contrary, the cellular sectors are usually equipped with broadband transceivers and employ TDMA or
CDMA access technology.

4.1.5. Passive Repeaters
Passive repeaters are used to redirect microwave beam which is being blocked by an obstacle such as
mountain, building, etc. Three main types of passive repeaters exist: two-antenna repeater, single- and double-
reflector repeaters.

4.1.6. Cells
Cells are used for frequency reuse planning in cellular networks. They denote carriers list and other common
radio channel parameters for a given sector. The concept of cell is extended to transmission networks to
describe frequency plans for the fixed radio links. Each cell has a carriers list defining the frequency plan
within the cell. Based on the number of different channels contained by the cell, all cells are divided into
single-channel and multi-channel cells. Single-channel cell may contain carriers which belong to a single
channel. The name of such a cell coincides with the name of the corresponding channel. The links within such
a cell may use only carriers of a single channel, but they can be switched to another single-channel cell. As a
rule, single-channel cells are used to build links for point-to-point transmission networks. Multi-channel cells
may contain unlimited number of different channels. Such a cell allows switching link channels within the
predefined carriers list. Carriers list is created by allocating channel group to a set of different cells. Such cells
are typical in cellular mobile or access networks. To differentiate between single- and multi-channel cells, a
channel multiplicity parameter is defined. It is zero for single-channel cells and represents a number of
different channels for multi-channel cells.
4.2. Radio Equipment Data Management
Equipment Manager is used to edit and preview radio equipment data. It handles the following
categories of radio system equipment:
- Antennas
- Digital radio channels
- Frequency plans
- Radio models
- Feeders
- Passive components.

Radio Equipment Manager
4.2.1. Antenna Editor
Antenna editor enables the user to modify antenna attributes such as name, manufacturer,
polarization, gain, cross polarization discrimination, front to back ratio and radiation pattern
diagrams.

There are two different types of editor dialogs for parabolic and sector antennas. The
differences are in the number of radiation patterns. The parabolic antennas may have four (HH,
VV, HV, VH, for dual polarization) or two (HH, HV, for horizontal, or VV, VH, for vertical
polarization) radiation patterns.

Parabolic Antenna Editor
In case of sector antennas, there are always two polarization patterns: vertical and horizontal.

Sector Antenna Editor
Antenna type previewer contains radiation pattern window and user interface controls. They
enable one to display various patterns (HH, VV, HV and VH), choose coordinate system
(rectangular, polar or spherical), set scale (linear or logarithmic), define maximum attenuation,
and set gridlines.

4.2.2. Antenna Import and Export
Cellular Expert has convenient tools to import antenna patterns from Planet, NSMA, Andrew
and other ASCII formats.

Antenna Import
Antenna patterns can be exported from Cellular Expert database to Planet, NSMA and Andrew
formats.

Antenna Export
4.2.3. Radio Channels

Radio Channel Editor

Radio channel editor contains a list of various parameters pertaining to digital radio channel:
- Min, Max and Center frequency
- Carrier's width
- Bit rate
- Block size
- Mean number of errors per burst
- Dispersive fade margin
- Modulation type

The parameters can be changed directly or with the help of edit and select buttons:
4.2.4. Modulation Performance
Modulation editor displays digital modulation performance parameters. They can be defined by
the corresponding table of predefined values for the most common modulation types, or by the
approximated formula:
( ) SNR a Q c BER =
where a and c are constants,
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
1
) (
x
erfc x Q

and erfc( ) is the complementary error function.

New tables of modulation performance can be included by appending table
ModulationPerformanceTables.

Modulation previewer displays the curve log10(BER) vs. SNR.


Modulation Editor
4.2.5. Carriers
Carrier editor enables the user to define channel frequency plan. It can automatically generate
carriers list for simplex or duplex channel based on the following predefined parameters:
- Lowest and highest frequencies
- Channel and duplex spacings
- Number of carriers.

After these parameters are entered, carrier table can be automatically generated. Each row in
the table represents carrier frequency of the corresponding transceiver.

Carrier previewer displays the carriers list representation on the frequency axis.

Carrier Editor
4.2.6. Spectrum Density Masks
Spectrum mask editor allows the user to define spectrum form of the corresponding radio
channel. Spectrum mask can be generated based on the width and number of mask points by
clicking Generate Mask button. Later, the form of the mask can be adjusted manually by editing
frequency and attenuation values in the table.

Spectrum mask previewer represents the positive part of the mask.

Spectrum Mask Editor
4.2.7. Radio Systems
Radio system editor contains information about radio model, type, emission designator, and
transmitter-receiver parameters: power, ATPC, frequency stability, thresholds, noise figures,
nonlinearity.

Radio System Editor
4.2.8. Equipment Availability
Calculate Availability command in Radio System Editor opens Equipment Availability dialog
listing radio equipment parts with corresponding MTBF and MTTR values. You can add/delete
new equipment parts and specify its availability parameters.
After all the values are entered, equipment availability is calculated automatically.

Equipment Availability
4.2.9. Adaptive Modulation
Adaptive Modulation Map dialog allows entering the following adaptive modulation parameters
of the equipment:
- Modulation type
- Guard time
- SNR
- Sensitivity
- Data Rate
- Throughput

Adaptive Modulation Editor
4.2.10. Feeders
Feeder editor dialog allows entering waveguide data:
- Type
- Size
- Length
- Attenuation

Several frequency bands are supported only in transmission link planning module. For cellular
networks, attenuation is defined by first frequency band in the table.

Feeder Editor
4.2.11. Radio components
Radio component editor dialogs contains information about various radio components:
- Attenuators
- Combiners
- Couplers
- Jumpers
- Multiplexers
- Switches

The main parameter used in cellular network analysis is insertion loss given in dB, which is
added to miscellaneous losses of a sector.


Radio Component Editor
5. RADIO PATH PROFILING AND VISIBILITY ANALYSIS
5.1. Radio Path Profiling
Radio path Profiling tool is used for path-loss analysis between transmitter and receiver.
Cellular Expert includes 2 profiling tools Dynamic Profile and Static Profile. Dynamic Profile
checks surrounding terrain having fixed transmitter and can be used for quick search for a
suitable receiver point. Once the receiving point has been selected, the user can analyze profile
statically and include various obstacles into path-loss analysis. Fresnel zones, Earth curvature
and obstacles on the path are displayed in the path profile window. The location and the height
of the obstacles can be edited, automatically updating the radio link budget calculation
worksheet. Single knife-edge, Deygout, and Average methods can be selected for diffraction
calculation.

5.1.1. Profiling calculations
The following parameters are calculated using Profile tool:

- Clearance:
o Clearance, m
o Clearance distance, km
o Normalized clearance, %
o Normalized clearance distance, km

- Losses:
o Free space loss, dB
o Dual slope free space loss, dB
o Rain attenuation, dB
o Gaseous absorption, dB
o Sub-Path diffraction, dB
o Correction for multipath effects, dB
o Correction for multipath and focusing, dB
o Total loss, dB

- Reflections:
o Received signal, dB
o Reflection distance, m
o Delay, ns
o Grazing angle, rad
o Divergence factor
o Terrain roughness, m
o Inclination, mrad


Path Profiling
5.1.2. Obstacle Management
Cellular Expert Profile has the ability to edit obstacle without changing the actual raster values.
This feature can be used if the actual obstacle differs from the one present in the obstacle
raster. This way the obstacle can be added, removed or the height of the obstacle should be
changed.
5.1.3. Multi-path and reflection point analysis
Multi-path and reflection analysis enables the estimation of influence of different propagation
conditions on radio path performance.


Reflection Point Analysis

Multi-path Analysis
5.1.4. Reflection Analysis
Reflection Analysis tool enables the user to analyze received signal level dependency on
frequency, K-factor, transmitter and receiver heights.


Reflection analysis tool
5.1.5. Antenna heights optimizer
Antenna heights optimizer is a handy tool to automatically optimize the height of transmitter and
receiver to achieve required normalized clearance level and/or other parameters.

Antenna Height Optimizer
5.2. Visibility Analysis
Cellular Expert has several visibility calculation tools that allow creating line-of-sight visibility
coverage taking into account real or effective Earth radius, transmitter, receiver and obstacle
heights. Clearance and Fresnel zones visibility can also be calculated.

Visibility Analysis
Advanced Visibility Analysis tool has the capability to define constant transmitter and receiver
heights or obtain them from defined layers, use real r effective earth radius, calculate Fresnel
visibility clearance and normalized clearance, calculate the number of visible sites for the
analyzed area and the required receiver height to achieve visibility.


Advanced visibility calculation options
6. TRANSMISSION NETWORK DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
6.1. Radio Links Management
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio links can be created between transmitting and
receiving sites. Radio Links Manager tool enables the creation of one-way or duplex radio links,
adjusting transmitter-receiver parameters, and selecting diversity and protection configurations.
Reflective and back-to-back antenna repeaters can be created and placed on the map.

Radio Links Manager
6.2. Power Budget Analysis
Radio link budget analysis includes detailed profile calculations and power budget prediction at
the receiver side.
The path profile contains information about free space loss, path clearance, sub-path diffraction,
atmospheric attenuation and diffraction loss (average, single knife-edge, Deygout).
Power budget analysis describe a received signal level, total gains and loss, thermal and
composite fade margins, and resulting bit error ratio (BER).


Radio Link Prediction Results
6.3. Performance Prediction
Quality and availability performance of a radio link is assessed according to ITU
recommendations G.821 and G.826. Error performance parameters are defined in terms of bit
and block errors parameters ESR (Errored Second Ratio), SESR (Severely Errored Second
Ratio), BBER (Background Block Error Ratio) and UATR (unavailable time ratio).

Radio Link performance targets
Performance Objectives Dialog allows defining availability and performance objectives.
Predefined performance objectives are related to the radio links under analysis.

Radio Link performance objectives
6.4. Geoclimatic Data
Geoclimatic data is used in radio link performance analysis. Following gaseous absorption
parameters can be defined:
- Refractivity Data For Multipath Fading using ITU and Vigants-Barnett methods
- Gaseous absorption values for dry air pressure and water vapor density.
- Rain fading - regions for rain rate statistics and calculation methods (ITU and Crane).
- Annual mean surface temperature at 2m above the surface of the Earth according to
ITU-R P.1510. The data is used to evaluate thermal noise of a receiver.
6.5. Protection and Diversity
6.5.1. Equipment Protection Options
Protection improvement factors can be defined for 1+1 and m:n protection configurations.
Different protection factors apply for combined and switched transceivers.
1+1 protection improvement factor (DIF) is calculated according to ITU-G.827 method, and m:n
according to recommendation ITU-R F.557.

6.5.2. Propagation Diversity Options
Diversity improvement factors are defined for space, frequency and angle diversity types.
Diversity improvement factors can be defined manually or calculated according to ITU-R P. 530
method.


Protection and Diversity
6.6. Power Flux Density Calculation
Power flux density (PFD) is calculated at specified height above selected reference grids. PFD
is calculated along link path with sampling step equal to cell size of elevation grid.
The results table shows distance and calculated power flux density values in uW/cm2,
dB(uW/cm2), spectral PFD in dB(uW/cm2*Hz) and the ratio of limit level divided by the
calculated value.

Power Flux Density
6.7. Terrain Scattering Analysis
Scattering analysis calculates mutual interference between intersecting radio paths due to
terrain scattering.
Calculations method is based on the Recommendation ITU-R F.1096 (1994): Methods Of
Calculating Line-of-sight Interference Into Radio-Relay Systems To Account For Terrain
Scattering.

Terrain Scattering
6.8. Interference Analysis
Interference analysis represents prediction of unwanted interference between radio links. It
includes interference level estimation, net filter discrimination loss, C/I objectives for co- and
adjacent-channel interference and fade margin loss assessment. Path profile analysis of
interference links provides detail information about propagation loss of unwanted emissions.
Scattering analysis calculates mutual interference between intersecting radio paths due to
terrain scattering. Intermodulation analysis is used to find spurious frequencies arising on the
same site due to nonlinear radio components.


Interference prediction results
6.9. Automatic Radio Link Frequency Planning
Automatic frequency planning tool is used to find the minimum number of carriers required to
serve selected radio links within given interference threshold. Interference threshold can be
defined in terms of absolute interference level, signal-to-interference ratio or fade margin loss.

Automatic frequency planning tool
6.10. Radio Link Capacity Planning
A number of tools are provided to manage traffic connectivity on each site, to perform traffic flow
routing and trace network on the map.

Traffic Flow manager

Tracing network connections on the map
7. 2G/2.5G NETWORK DESIGN
7.1. Nominal Cell Planning
Nominal cell planning can be performed using a pre-defined cell size based on the desired
reliability level, cell overlap, subscriber penetration. Cellular Expert allows users to conveniently
create frequency reuse plan.

Nominal cell plan
7.2. User defined prediction models
Cellular Expert has the unique ability to use combined prediction models according to
environmental conditions.
Radio tower
Obstacle
Clutter
Clutter
LOS
OLOS
OOLOS
CLOS
COLOS

User defined prediction models
7.3. Hata Type Models
Hata Type Models based on Okumura - Hata equitation for frequencies of about 150 MHz - 2
GHz and distances up to 100 km. Standard, Macro or 9999 Model coefficients can be defined in
Hata equitation. One or dual slope algorithm can be applied for line of sight areas. Average
height for each type of clutter can be assigned and taken into account. Loss offset and
penetration rasters allow defining the unique loss parameters for each clutter type and to model
the floor, external, and internal walls penetration.

Field strength coverage prediction using Hata9999 prediction model

7.4. Line-Of-Sight Type Models
Line-of-sight type models based on ITU-R P.452 algorithm is used for point-to-point and point-
to-multipoint planning at frequencies up to about 40 GHz, distances up to about 100 150 km.
Additional loss for impact of rain, polarization discrimination, antenna pointing, carrier to noise
plus interference ratio (C/N + I), modulation type is accounted in the prediction.

Field strength coverage prediction using line-of-sight prediction model
7.5. Field Strength Prediction
Field strength prediction calculation can be performed for selected sectors. User can define the
cell size, calculation extent and mask. Minimum displayed field strength value can be defined.


Field strength coverage prediction dialog and results
7.6. Best Server Prediction
Calculation of the best server and number of servers can be performed for selected sectors.
The user can define the cell size, calculation extent and mask. Flexible labeling options are
available.


Best server prediction dialog and results
7.7. Interference Analysis
Cellular Expert has the capability to perform a quick check of C/I and C/A interference between
selected sectors with or without preliminary channel assignment for the sector as well as
calculation of C/I matrix. Total C/I and C/A interference coverage and coverage of interference
for each channel can be calculated. Field strength and sector/cell name of carrier and interferer
can be identified on the map. The user can set minimum C/I and C/A field margin.

Interference coverage prediction dialog and results
7.8. Drive Test Data Analysis
7.8.1. Drive-test data import
Cellular Expert allows importing of drive test data from Ericsson TEMS, Motorola iFTA, NEMO
or any other tool which has ASCII export capabilities.

Drive-test data import tool
7.8.2. Connect drive-test data points to serving cells

Drive-test serving cell tool
The connection of drive test data points to serving cells can be visualized on the map.

Connecting Drive-test data points to serving cells
7.8.3. Drive-test data playback
Drive-test data viewer allows to playback the data and analyze collected parameters.

Drive-test Data Viewer tool
7.8.4. Drive-test data post-processing
A powerful set of post-processing, querying, reporting and visualization tools enable to analyze
drive test data and use it for prediction model calibration. Drive test post-processing tool allows
filtering data points by distance, frequency and other parameters and using different statistical
methods to process drive test data.

Drive-test Data Post-Processing
7.9. Prediction Model Tuning
7.9.1. Prediction Error Calculation
Error calculation tool allows getting statistical error information by comparing drive-test data with
the prediction results and using this information to estimate prediction accuracy.

Prediction Error Calculation
7.9.2. Prediction Model Calibration
Prediction model tuning allows calculating optimal model parameters using Hata 9999
prediction model or combined line-of-sight and Hata 9999 models. To increase prediction
accuracy loss offset values for different clutter types can be generated. Tuning results can be
saved to a report and later used for re-predicting the coverage using the calculated optimal
parameters.

Prediction Model Tuning
7.10. Traffic Planning and Analysis
Traffic raster (values in Erlangs) is created by reclassifying clutter (land use) data, any statistical
data in vector or raster format, or by spreading actual traffic data obtained from the operating
system.

Live data from switch can imported in text file or dBase table and automatically linked to
particular cells. Live traffic data spreading can be done using weighted raster of clutters, the
Best Server raster and live traffic data.

Using Traffic raster and current or planned raster of Best Server, traffic load for each
Sector/Cell/Site can be estimated.


Sector traffic spreading over best server area
8. 3G/3.5G/4G NETWORK DESIGN
8.1. Network Dimensioning
CDMA Network Dimensioning Calculator is used for estimation of BS capacity and coverage
requirements. It allows evaluation of cell loading and range according to the traffic demand
profile. The calculations are based on the power budget for downlink (forward) and uplink
(reverse) links. As a result the required network equipment configuration for predefined traffic
can be obtained.

CDMA Network Dimensioning Calculator window
8.2. Coverage Prediction
Coverage planning is accomplished for a mobile users distributed according to user distribution
grid. Traffic demand grid is used to specify average traffic profile with different traffic mix types,
e.g. data, interactive and voice. The following coverage calculations can be performed and
visualized on the map:
- Pilot signal strength
- Best server
- Pilot Ec/Io and Ec/No
- Pilot delta
- Soft and softer handoff
- Cell capacity
- MS transmit power
- MS received Eb/No
- HSDPA data rate


UMTS/HSDPA coverage predictions
8.3. Walfish Ikegami Model
The comprehensive Walfish-Ikegami algorithm supports detailed buildings data and can be
used for microcells and picocells planning in dense urban environment. Walfish-Ikegami model
can be combined with line-of-sight model and include correction factors due to diffraction, clutter
and building penetration loss. Inside building coverage prediction can be performed by using
specified floor penetration, external, and internal walls penetration, which could be different for
each building or the same for same types of buildings.


Field strength coverage prediction using Walfish-Ikegami model
8.4. Monte Carlo Traffic Simulation for UMTS, HSDPA and LTE
Monte Carlo Traffic Simulation tool is used for cell capacity prediction. It supports UMTS, HSDPA and
LTE networks. The simulation is based on statistical analysis of randomly generated mobile users.

Monte Carlo traffic simulation tool
HSDPA simulations are performed at packet level. Multipath fading and Doppler spread are taken into
account. Proportionally fair packet scheduler is used.

Radio Channel
UE
Node B / RNC
Buffer 1
Buffer 2
Buffer 3
SNR -> CQI -> TBS

HSDPA traffic simulations
LTE simulation takes into account MIMO antenna and OFDMA modulation gains. Proportionally fair
scheduling takes advantage of high SNR regions to maximize capacity.

Tx Rx
User 1 User 2 User 3
Frequency, subcarriers, resource blocks
re
T
i
m
e
,

s
y
m
b
o
l
s

MIMO - OFDMA Gain
NTx NRx

LTE traffic simulations
Simulation results include:
Cell throughput dependence on the number of active users
Carried/offered traffic ratio
Maximum number of supported users per cell

Monte Carlo traffic simulation results

Monte Carlo traffic coverage results
9. WIMAX NETWORK DESIGN
9.1. Nominal Cell Planning
Nominal Cell Planning tool allows creating three, four or six sectored site configurations used in
WiMAX networks, assigning frequency plans and creating nominal cells on the map. Supported
are FDD and TDD frequency plans.

Nominal cell plan
9.2. SUI Prediction Model
For radio wave propagation in 3.5 GHz region, SUI prediction model is implemented according
to IEEE 802.16 standard. It allows defining specific propagation coefficients to reflect different
terrain propagation conditions. The model can be combined with free space loss model for line-
of-sight areas, it can also include diffraction correction factor, clutter loss offset raster and
building penetration data.


Field strength coverage map predicted using SUI model
9.3. Adaptive Modulation
OFDM based radio equipment allows operation on different modulation levels depending on
received signal level. Cellular Expert allows to define modulation table for each equipment
model and to predict adaptive modulation mode or available bit rate distribution map.

Adaptive modulation data rate
9.4. Throughput and Power Budget Calculations
WiMAX Parameters Calculator is used to calculate following WiMAX network parameters:
- data throughput
- bit rate
- channel spectral efficiency
- system gain
- receiver sensitivity
- maximum allowable loss
according to the chosen system parameters such as:
- modulation type
- channel bandwidth
- sub-carriers
- loss margins.

Downlink and uplink direction analysis is available. The WiMAX Parameters calculator supports
OFDMA(802.16-2004) and SOFDMA (802.16e) multiplexing technologies.

WiMAX Parameters Calculator
10. AUTOMATION AND OPTIMIZATION TOOLS
10.1. Automated Task Processing
Automated Task Processing Tool is dedicated for large volume calculations. It allows users to
create configuration files and use them for batch processing. Automated Task Processing Tool
utilizes multi-processors and multi-core processors, so the performance of prediction operations
is increased depending on the number of processors/cores installed on the machine. Each
configuration file can use different prediction model or any other settings used for prediction.
The tool allows scheduling the start of prediction jobs on specific date/time.

Automated Task Processing Tool
10.2. Site Optimization
Site optimization tool selects some base station sites from a given list of candidate base station
sites. Selection procedure analyzes several types of antennas, a set of traffic demand points,
radio thresholds and a group of components priority constraints. For each selected site the
number of sectors and types of antennas, as well as the associated values for each of the
antenna parameters are determined. The procedure optimizes a set of objectives such as
amount of traffic that can be handled, level of potential interference and coverage percentage.


Site optimization tool
10.3. Automatic Frequency Planning
The main tasks of an Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP) tool are to release interfering
frequencies and assign frequencies to the wireless network nodes, so that the network quality
would be optimized. The AFP tool enables to calculate frequency plans for several types of
wireless networks: WiMAX, TETRA, GSM and other FDMA type networks.
From the technical point of view, Automatic Frequency Planning is considered as a separate
interference linked chains minimization problem. Those interference linked chains are created
based on sector/cell relations from an input impact (neighborhood) matrix. The task of the AFP
algorithm is to disrupt the interference linked chain by releasing interfering co- and adjacent
frequencies and assigning free of interference frequencies which would not construct the
interference linked chain. The release and assignment of frequencies are based on metrics
calculated from: sectors/cells demand of frequencies (can be defined by user or obtained from
traffic simulation tools), number of neighbors, area of neighborhood and etc. The neighborhood
information is taken from the impact matrix data which denotes the impact area of neighboring
sectors/cells. In the new frequency plan generation the sector/cell which has lower demand of
frequencies and higher number of interfering neighbors are more liable to dispose the interfering
frequency inside the interference linked chain. The result of AFP module is a new frequency
plan which contains non interfering frequency channels for each sector or cell. The result dialog
shows AFP status information about released interfering, assigned new channels, calculation
time and etc.

Automatic Frequency Planning parameters definition dialogs

Automatic Frequency Planning Results dialog
10.4. Automated Site Candidates Selection
The tool provides functionality for automated connection of fixed customers to serving sites
according to visibility or signal strength conditions. Optimal number of sites from all candidates
is selected according to signal quality requirements

Automated Site Candidates Selection Tool

Calculated minimum site number to serve fixed customers
10.5. Antenna Tilting Optimization
Antenna tilting tools allow finding antenna orientation required to serve assigned area. Antenna
tilt angles are calculated based on customer defined polygon or cell area.
Antenna gain pattern for a given tilt can be plotted on the map.


Antenna gain map
11. 3D ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION
Besides comprehensive capabilities of 3D Analyst, Cellular Expert provides additional 3D
analysis functionality. It includes generation and visualization of 3D antenna pattern using Free
Space, Hata or SUI algorithms for optimization of antenna orientation.

3D antenna pattern visualization
Cellular Expert allows you to overlay 3D antenna pattern and prediction results such as field
strength, best server or interference prediction on 3D terrain. This feature is very useful for
planning in dense urban areas with high resolution data.


3D antenna pattern and field strength coverage map for WiMAX network
12. GIS BASED NETWORK ANALYSIS
GIS technology provides advanced geo-statistical analysis, reporting and visualization
capabilities. It complements Cellular Expert software with technologies which allow integration
of location-based data in network planning and operations, customer care, sales and marketing,
as well as many other tasks. Unlimited number of separate coverage, interference, traffic and
other rasters can be created, combined and analyzed. Statistics, raster analysis and other
functions of Spatial Analyst for advanced analysis are available.

Statistics of field strength coverage raster
13. REPORTING
Cellular Expert provides two methods for creating reports:
- Using the ArcMap built-in reporting tool
- Using Crystal Reports
Using the ArcMap built-in reporting tool, reports are created and stored with ArcMap project.
Once created, report can be added to map layout, customized and printed out or exported to
many popular graphics formats.
Crystal Reports allow users to create presentation-quality reports to include with the map or
distribute to others. The Report Designer provides a graphical interface for easy customization
of the report.

Cellular Expert Reports
14. FUNCTIONALITY CHART

Network Data Management
Site, Construction, Customer,
Repeater management
Create, Edit, Move, Copy, Delete, Templates
Site re-use patterns for nominal planning
Sector and antenna
management

Add, Edit, Copy, Delete
Create/Edit Antenna Pattern
Vertical and Horizontal antenna pattern every 1
3D antenna pattern creation, display, export
Import/Export of antennas
Radio Links Management Create, Edit, Delete, Templates
Network equipment data Parabolic and Sector antennas, Feeders, Combiners, other components
Modulation performance tables
Carriers list, Radios, Spectrum masks
Radio Link Analysis
Radio equipment data
management
Parabolic and sector antenna editors:
- Tabular radiation pattern representation with in place editing
- Graphical radiation pattern representation in linear and logarithmic
scales
Modulation performance editor
- Tabular and graphical representations of the BER vs. fade margin
dependencies
- Approximation by formula
- Defined curves for BPSK, QPSK, DQPSK, FSK-M, QAM-M modulations
Carriers list editor
- Frequency plans for simplex and duplex channels
- Tabular and graphical representations
Spectrum mask editor
- Spectrum density mask editing
- Automatic mask generation for predefined bandwidth
- Tabular and graphical representations
Point-to-point analysis Path Loss: ITU-R P.525
1st Fresnel zone ellipsoid: ITU-R P.526
Path clearance: ITU-R P.530
Specific attenuation: ITU-R P.676 using input from ITU-R P.837, ITU-R
P.838 and ITU-R P.839.
Rain Attenuation: ITU-R P.530
Diffraction (Average, Single knife-edge, Deygout)
Power budget Received signal level
Thermal fade margin
Composite fade margin
BER
Radio link performance analysis Propagation reliability:
Multipath fading outage, ITU-R P.530, Vigants-Barnett
Rain fading outage, ITU-R P.530, Crane
End-to-end, two-way propagation reliability
Annual and worst-month statistics conversion, ITU-R P.530, 841
Protection and diversity improvement, ITU-R P.530, 557
Equipment reliability, ITU-R F.697
ITU-T G.821 targets:
Parameters: ESR, SESR, UATR
Objectives: ITU-R F.557, 697, 696
Parameters: ESR, SESR, BBER
Objectives: ITU-R F.1092, 1189, 1668
Parameters: UATR
Objectives: ITU-T G.827, ITU-R F.1703
Parameters: ESR, SESR, BBER
Objectives: ITU-R F.1668
Interference Analysis

Interference level prediction
Net filter discrimination
C/I protection ratios for co- and adjacent-channels
Fade margin loss objectives
Scattering analysis, ITU-R P.1096
Intermodulation analysis
Propagation Modeling
HATA Basic algorithm: Okumura - Hata
Model type: Point-to-multipoint
Frequency: ~ 150 MHz - 2 GHz
Distance: up to 100 km
Hata Model Parameters:
Standard (ETR 364, COST 231,ITU-R P.529)
Macro Model
9999 Model (Ericsson)
Effective Antenna Height methods:
Absolute, Profile, Average, Relative, Slope
Line of Sight Basic algorithm: ITU-R P.452-8
Model type: Point-to-point and Point-to-multipoint
Frequency: about 700 MHz - 40 GHz
Percentage of Time: 0.001 to 50.
Specific attenuation:
ITU-R P.676 using input from ITU-R P.837, ITU-R P.838 and ITU-R
P.839.
Rain Attenuation: ITU-R P.530
Walfish-Ikegami Basic algorithm: COST 231 Model (ETR 364, COST 231)
Model type: Point-to-area (multipoint)
Frequency: about 800 MHz - 2 GHz
SUI Basic algorithm: SUI (IEEE 802.16)
Model type: Point-to-multipoint
Frequency: ~ 2 GHz - 5 GHz
Effective Antenna Height methods:
Absolute, Profile, Average, Relative, Slope
Diffraction Modeling

Single knife-edge (ITU-R P.526)
Deygout (ITU-R P.526)
Average (ITU-R P.530)
Coverage Prediction

Prediction model creation and assignment to each sector
Selectable cell size , prediction mask, radius and extent
Filter according to minimum required field strength
Combination of prediction models according to environment
Best Server Calculation

N
th
best servers coverage, number of servers coverage
N
th
best servers field strength coverage
Frequency Planning

Nominal channel assignment
Quick interference checking between two sectors
Co-channel(C/I) and Adjacent channel (C/A) interference:
Separate C/I and C/A rasters for each channel
Total C/I and C/A rasters for all channels
Separate and combined C/I raster for hopping and non-hopping cells
Carrier and interferer ID raster
Drive Test Analysis

Import formats: Ericsson TEMS, Motorola iFTA, NEMO, ASCII files
Drive test post-processing:
Statistical analysis
Filtering
Averaging
Drive test decomposition
Prediction update with drive test data
Measurements to Serving cell connection
Drive test data player
Prediction Model Tuning

Evaluation of prediction accuracy
Hata model:
9999 model parameters adjustment
Macro model parameters adjustment
Clutter loss offset determination for each type of clutter
Line of sight model:
One slope model tuning
Dual slope model tuning
Traffic Analysis

Traffic spreading by best server coverage
Traffic spreading using clutter weights
Monte Carlo traffic Simulation
Wireless Systems

Mobile:
GSM, DCS, PCS, NMT, TETRA, TETRAPOL, CDMA,
CDMA2000, UMTS, WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
Broadband wireless access:
LMDS, MMDS, WLL, WiMAX
Microwave radio relay lines
Transmission networks
Other systems in frequency range up to 40 GHz
Optimization Tools

Antenna tilting optimization
Antenna loss grid projection
Automation Tools

Automated Site Candidates Selection
Automated Cell Planning
Automated Frequency Planning
Automated Task Processing
3D Analysis

3D antenna pattern visualization
Hata, Free Space, SUI algorithms for field strength calculation
Architecture Features

Unicode Characters support
English/Metric units support
Powerful GIS analysis, Labeling, Visualization, Reporting features
Parallel computing on multi-processor/multi-core systems

15. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

CPU:
1.6 GHz or higher
Intel Core Duo, Intel Pentium or Intel Xeon Processors or higher

Memory/RAM:
1 GB minimum
If using the ArcSDE Personal Edition for Microsoft SQL Server Express software, 2 GB of
RAM is required.

Display Properties:
Color depth: Greater than 256 color
Screen Resolution: 1024 x 768 recommended or higher at Normal size (96dpi)

Disk Space Requirements:
100 GB recommended (Depends on data used)

16. CONTACT INFORMATION

HNIT-BALTIC, UAB

S. Konarskio 28A
LT-03127 Vilnius
Lithuania

Phone: +370 5 2150575
Fax: +370 5 2150576

E-mail: cellexp@hnit-baltic.lt

www.cellular-expert.com

Cellular Expert Whitepaper

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cellular Expert Whitepaper

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Radio Network Planning Application

You might also like