CC DNG BI TP ESTE LIPIT

Dng 1: Vit cng thc cu to Cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn este no n chc CnH2nO2 (n<2<5): N= 2n-2 Cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn axit no n chc CnH2nO2 (n<2<7): N= 2n-3 Cu 1: C bao nhiu cht hu c n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH? A.5 B.3 C.4 C.6 Cu 2: : S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 6. Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 4: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9. Cu5(A-10): : Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 6: S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 7: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9. Dng 2: Tm CTPT da vo phn ng chy Cu 1: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng CnH2nO2) mch h v O2 (s mol O2 gp o i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9 C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. X c cng thc phn t l A. C2H4 O2. B. CH2O2. C. C4H8O2. D. C3H6O2. Cu 2: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat. Cu 3: Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X v gi tr ca m tng ng l A. (HCOO)2C2H4 v 6,6. B. HCOOCH3 v 6,7. C. CH3COOCH3 v 6,7. D. HCOOC2H5 v 9,5. Dng 3: Tm CTCT ca este da trn phn ng x phng ha to ra mui v ancol Cu 1: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH3)2. Cu 2: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16) A. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3. B. C2H3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H3. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2. Cu 3: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic. Cu 4: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 5: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit 1

bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH. B. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH. C. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH. Cu 6: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 3,28 gam. B. 10,4 gam. C. 8,56 gam. D. 8,2 gam. Cu 7: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16; Na = 23) A. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat. C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat. Cu 8: Este X c cc c im sau: - t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; - Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X). Pht biu khng ng l: A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O. B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc. C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. o D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170 C thu c anken. Cu 9: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C7H12O4. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OOC(CH2)2COOC2H5. B. CH3COO(CH2)2COOC2H5. C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5. D. CH3OOCCH2COOC3H7. Cu 10: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh phn ng: C H O + 2NaOH 2Z + Y.
4 6 4

oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng phn t ca T l A. 118 vC. B. 44 vC. C. 82 vC. D. 58 vC. Cu 11: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l A. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. Cu 12: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l: A. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa. B. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa. C. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa. D. CH3-COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa. Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l A. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2. B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2. C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2. D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. Cu 14: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng 2

bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l A. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. C. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5. D. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. Cu 15: Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CHCH3. C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D. CH2=CHCOOC2H5. Cu 16: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. HCOOH v CH3COOH. C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. Cu 17: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thu phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3. C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7. D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5. Cu 18: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3, CH3OH thu c 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l A. C3H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C2H3COOH. D. C2H5COOH. Dng 4: Tm CTCT ca este da trn phn ng x phng ha to ra mui v cht hu c khc Cu 1: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l A. CH3COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. C. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. D. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. Cu 2: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l A. HCOOCH=CH2. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. HCOOCH3. D. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. Cu 3: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O =16) A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 4: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l A. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. B. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3. D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3. Cu 5: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l A. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl. B. CH3COOCH2CH3. C. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3. D. ClCH2COOC2H5. Dng 5: Hiu sut phn ng este ha Cu 1: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. 10,12. B. 16,20. C. 6,48. D. 8,10. Cu 2: un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam. Cu 3: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c 3

cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l A. 22,80. B. 34,20. C. 27,36. D. 18,24. Cu 4: Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 31,25%. B. 40,00%. C. 62,50%. D. 50,00%. Dng 6: Tnh ton da theo phn ng x phng ha Cu 1: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam. Cu 2: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l A. 300 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 400 ml. l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung Cu 3: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-COO-CH=CH2. C. CH3 -COO-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH2=CH-CH2-COO-CH3. Cu 4: X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung o dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H2SO4 c 140 C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l A. 4,05. B. 8,10. C. 18,00. D. 16,20. Cu 5: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,56. B. 7,20. C. 8,88. D. 6,66. Tng hp Cu 1: Mnh khng ng l: A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2. C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime. D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3. Cu 2: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. D. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. Cu 3: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Hn hp X gm A. mt este v mt ru. B. mt axit v mt este. C. mt axit v mt ru. D. hai este. Cu 4: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi dung dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai cht hu c l A. mt este v mt axit. B. hai axit. C. hai este. D. mt este v mt ancol. Cu 5: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; 4

X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: + HCl + H 2 du ( Ni ,t o ) +NaOH du,t o Triolein X Y Z Tn ca Z l A. axit oleic. B. axit linoleic. C. axit stearic. D. axit panmitic Cu 7: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ho t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l A. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH v CH3COOH. Cu 8: Thy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l A. metyl propionat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. vinyl axetat. Dng 6: Cc loi ch s Cu 1: trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng dung dch cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,150. B. 0,200. C. 0,280. D. 0,075. Cu 1: Trung ho 2,8 gam cht bo cn 3ml dung dch KOH 0,1 M. Tnh ch s axit ca cht bo? A. 6 B. 0,6 C. 0,06 D. 0,006 Cu 2: Khi x phng ho hon ton 2,52 gam cht bo trung tnh cn 90 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Tnh ch s x phng ca cht bo trn? A. 200 B. 192 C. 190 D. 198 Cu 3: khi x phng ho hon ton 2,52 gam cht bo trung tnh thu c 0,265gam glixerol. Tnh ch s x phng ca cht bo? A. 18 B. 80 C. 180 D. 8 Cu 4: x phng ho hon ton 100gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 ngi ta dng ht 0,32 mol KOH. Khi lng glixerol thu c l bao nhiu gam? A. 9,4 gam B. 9,3gam C. 8,487 gam D. 9,43 gam Cu 5: Tnh khi lng KOH cn dng trung ho 4 gam cht bo c ch s axit l 7? A. 28mg B. 14mg C. 82mg D. p n khc. Cu 6: Tnh khi lng NaOH cn dng trung ho axit t do c trong 5 gam bo vi ch s axit bng 7? A. 0,025mg B. 0,025g C. 0,25mg D. 0,25g Cu 7: X phng ho 1kg lipit c ch s axit l 2,8 ngi ta cn dng 350 ml KOH 1M. Khi lng glixerol thu c l bao nhiu? A. 9,2gam B. 18,4 gam C. 32,2 gam D. 16,1 gam Cu 8: Mt loi m cha 40% triolein, 20% tripanmitin, 40% tristearin. X phng ho hon ton m gam m trn bng NaOH thu c 138 gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l? A. 1209 B. 1304,27 C. 1326 D. 1335 Cu 9: Mt loi m cha 70% triolein v 30% tristearin v khi lng. Tnh khi lng x phng thu c khi x phng ho hon ton 100kg cht m bng NaOH? A. 90,8kg B. 68kg C. 103,16kg D. 110,5kg Cu 10: X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X ( cha C, H, O) cn va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 24,6 gam mui khan. Xc nh CTPT ca X? A. (HCOO)3C3H5 B. (CH3COO)3C3H5 C. C3H5(COOCH3)3 D. (CH3COO)2C2H4 Cu 11: Tnh ch s este ca mt loi cht bo cha 89% tristearin? A. 168 B. 84 C. 56 D. p n khc Cu 12: un 20 gam lipit vi dung dch cha 10 gam NaOH. Sau khi kt thc phn ng trung ho 5

1/10 dung dch thu c cn dng 90 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M. Tnh ch s x phng ho v phn t khi trung bnh ca axit bo trong lipit? A. 140 v 273 B. 120 v 273 C. 130 v 273 D. p n khc Cu 13: Cho 0,25 mol NaOH vo 20 gam bo trung tnh ri un nng ln, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ngi ta thu c dung dch c tnh baz, trung ho dung dch ny phi dng ht 0,18 mol HCl. Tnh khi lng NaOH cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn? A. 0,14 tn B. 1,41 tn C. 0,41 tn D. p n khc Cu 14: x phng ho 63mg cht bo trung tnh cn 10,08 mg NaOH. Tnh ch s x phng ho ca cht bo? A. 200 B. 224 C. 220 D. 150 Cu 15: trung ho axit t do c trong 5,6 gam cht bo cn 6 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. Tnh ch s axit ca cht bo ni trn? A. 3,2 B. 4 C. 4,7 D. p n khc Cu 16: phn ng vi 100 gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 phi dng ht 17,92 gam KOH. Tnh khi lng mui (x phng) thu c? A. 108,265g B. 100,265g C. 100g D. 120g Cu 17: Tnh khi lng NaOH cn dng trung ho cc axit bo t do c trong 200 gam cht bo, bit cht bo c ch s axit bng 7? A. 5g B. 9g C. 1g D. 15g