Bo co thc tp K42

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

Mc lc Chng 1 Gii thiu 1.1 Tm quan trng ca ti 3 1.2 Gii thiu dch v VoIP v cc cng ngh lin quan4 1.2.1 VoIP v thoi truyn thng4 1.2.2 Cc dch v trn VoIP5 1.3 Ni dung nghin cu ca ti.6 Chng 2

Giao thc IP v gii php truyn thoi trn IP

2.1 Giao thc IP7 2.1.1 Khi qut v giao thc IP.7 2.1.2 nh a ch IP.8 2.1.3 Cu trc gi tin IP.. ...9 2.2 Gii php truyn thoi trn IP.10 2.2.1 Giao thc thi gian thc 10 2.2.1.1 Giao thc lung thi gian thc RSTP ..12 2./2.1.2 Giao thc Iu khin thi gian thc RTCP..14 2.2.1.3 Cc nh dng Payload...16 2.2.1.4 Giao thc gi trc ti nguyn RSVP16 1

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 2.2.2 Giao thc khi u phin SIP18 2.2.2.1Khi qut v SIP...19 2.2.2.2 M ho thng ip...20 2.2.2.3 nh a ch.21 2.2.3M t lin kt cc giao thc.. 22 2.2.4 Kt lun..24 Chng 3 Cc chun v cu hnh mng VoIP 3.1 Khuyn ngh H.323 ca iTUT 3.1.1 Cc chun nn v m ho thoi trong VoIP 3.1.2 Cc giao thc iu khin.. 3.1.2.1 Giao thc H.245 3.1.2.2 Giao thc H.225.0 3.2 Cu hnh mng VoIP.. 3.2.1 Cu hnh tng qut ca mng VoIP. 3.2.2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng VoIP 3.2.2.1 Terminal 3.2.2.2 Gateway 3.2.2.3 Gatekeeper 3.2.2.4 Cc phn t a im MCU 3.2.2.5 Proxy 3.2.3 Cc cu trc kt ni 3.2.3.1 PC-PC 3.2.3.2 PC-Telephone 3.2.3.3 Telephone Telephone 2

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 3.3 Bo hiu v iu khin Chng 4 Qun l lu lng, nh tuyn cht lng dch v ca VoIP 4.1 Qun l lu lng 4.2 nh tuyn 4.3 Cht lng dch v ca VoIP Chng 5 Dch v VoIP trn th gii v Vit Nam 5.1Dch v VoIP trn th gii 5.2Dch v VoIP ti Vit Nam 5.3Kt lun v VoIP Ph lc 6.1 6.2 Nhng thut ng vit tt Ti liu tham kho

Bo co thc tp K42 Chng 1 1.1

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

Gii thiu Tm quan trng ca ti

Cc dch v vin thng rt phong ph v a dng bao gm cc dch v truyn thng v cc dch v mi. C s cho s pht trin ca chng chnh nh vo s pht trinr ca cc cng ngh in t v cng ngh mng. Mt cch c th hn c th ni rng s a dng c c l nh vo cc k thut truyn dn, k thut chuyn mch, k thut phn mn Do s xut hin cc cng ngh mi s mng li nhng bc t ph cho cc dch v vin thng phc v cuc sng tt hn. Chng ta c th phn chia cc dch v vin thng theo mt quan im no tuy nhin vic phn loi theo cc cng ngh chuyn mch t ra trc quan nht. Chng ta s dng 3 cng ngh chuyn mch l : chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch thng bo. Mi Loi chuhyn mch c c trng ring do i km vi n l cc dch v vin thng xc nh. V d cng ngh chuyn mch knh vi c im l thc hin trong thi gian thc nn gn lin vi n l cc dch v i hi thi gian thc nh thoi, truyn hnh. Cng ngh chuyn mch gi vi u im l tin cy cao, hiu xut s dng knh truyn ln do t ra rt c u th trong cc ng dng truyn s liu, ng dng trong mng my tnh nh HTTP,FTP Tm li mi cng ngh chuyn mch c u th ring v i hi nhng k thut h tr nht nh do chng ng mt vai tr nht nh trong ton cnh vin thng. Tuy nhin, vi xu hng a dch v ho i hi chung ta phi gii quyt cc loi dch v trn mt c s h tng mng. p ng yu cu cc nh pht trin vin thng khng ngng khng ngng nghin cu cc gii php mi c tnh kh thi v t c mt s kt qu kh quan. C th l vi mt s dch v truyn thng vn i hi kht khe v thi gian thc cng nh cht lng m trc y ch ph hp vi cng ngh chuyn mch knh th by gi vi s h tr ca cc k thut mi cho php chng ta thc hin chng trn chuyn mch gi bi v ch c chuyn mch gi mi c th p ng c yu cu ca a dch v. Mt trong nhng gii php l vic truyn tn hiu thoi trn giao thc internet (voice over IP). Do ti Truyn 4

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 Thoi trn giao thc IP s gip chng ta tm hiu cng ngh mi gip cho vic tch hp dch v thoi truyn thng vo mng a dch v v c bit hu ch i vi nhng snh vin sp bc vo thc t cng ngh.

1.2 Gii thiu v VoIP v cc cng ngh lin quan 1.2.1 VoIP v thoi truyn thng VoIP l cng ngh truyn ti cc cuc lin lc thoi bng cch s dng giao thc internet (internet protocol IP). in thoi truyn thng c thc hin da trn cng ngh chuyn mch knh m cho php gii quyts vn thi gian thc. Giao thc IP da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi m trc y ch c dng truyn d lilu hoc cc ng dng mng internet. Do vic truyn thoi da trn giao thc IP l gii php truyn thoi da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi, iu ny mng li nhiu li ch cho ngi s dng cng nh cho cc nh cung cp dch v. thc hin VoIP ngi ta phi s dng cc k thut cho php thc hin cc cuc gi vi thi gian thc, l cc giao thc Real Time Stream Protocol (RTSP) , Real Time cotrol Protocol (RTCP), Secsion initiation Protocol (SIP). Bn cnh s dng cc k thut m ho v nn tn hiu thoi,cc k thut phn mn lm cho tr gim xung thp n mc c th chp nhn c. Ngoi ra km theo l vic xy dng cc chun x l tn hiu, bo hiu , iu khin v cc chun giao tip phn cng u nm 1995 cng ty VOCALTEC a ra th trng sn phm phn mm thc hin cuc thoi qua internet du tin trn th gii. Sau c nhiu cng ty tham gia vo lnh vc ny. Thng 3 nm 1996, VOLCALTEC kt hp vi DiALOGiC tung ra th trng sn phm kt ni mng PSTN v internet. Hip hi cc nh sn xut thoi qua mng my tnh sm ra i v thc hin chun ho dch v thoi qua mng internet. Vic truyn thoi qua internet gy c s ch ln trong nhng nm qua. Cng ty international Data Corporation a ra thng k nh sau : VoIP t c 3.5 t USD trong nm 1995, 620 t USD trong nm 1999 v s l 620 n 950 t USD vo nm 2001. Vy l do ti sao VoIP li c sc hp dn v gy c s lc quan 5

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 nh vy. Nguyn nhn l do so vi in thoi truyn thng th VoIP c nhng nhng u im hn hn. l: +> cht lng dch v c th iu khin c : iu ny c th t c l do trong VoIP c s h tr ca cc phn mn cho php iu khin tr, iu khin bng thng v cc kl thut nh tuyn. +>gim cc ph cho cc cuc gi c bit l cc cuc gi ng di, bi v khi truyn VoIP cc ph c tnh l cc ph truy cp . Ngoi ra do cng ngh chuyn mch gi c hiu sut s dng bng thng ng truyn cao km theo cc k thut m ho v nn tn hiu lm cho cc ph gim ng k. +>cung cp kh nng truyn kt hp thng tin v bo hiu trn cng mt ng truyn. S d c th thc hin c iu ny l do IP lm vic vi cc gi mg khng quan tm ni dung ca chng l thng tin hay bo hiu. Mt u im na m n mang li l gim ng k chi ph u t xy dng c s h tng ca mng. +> VoIP cho php to ra cc dch v mi m m thoi truyn thng khng c c v d nh Video conferencing, white broading, chating +> to ra kh nng multimedia v a dch v +> VoIP trong sut i vi cc cng ngh truuyn dn do vic thay i cng ngh truyn dn khng nh hng c s h tng ca mng VoIP +> VoIP to s thun li cho ngi s dng bng cch a vo cc tin ch v d nh vic tng cc bn tin bo hiu cng nh giao din bo hiu trc quan hn. Tuy nhin bn cnh nhng u im th VoIP cng c nhng hn ch v nhc im. Bi v thc hin c dch v th i hi cng ngh in t ,k thut x l tn hiu,k thut phn mn phi t n mt mc no . C th l chng ta c th thy c hai nhc im quan trng ca VoIP l : +> vn thi gian thc : do vic nn tn hiu, cng vic nh tuyn cc gi n ch v thi gian lin kt cc gi v gii nn c tn hiu voice ban u. 6

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 +> cht lng ca cc cuc gi theo VoIP l hn ch bi v do phi thc hin chia s ng truyn vi cc dch v khc nh truyn s liu do cht lng s b thay i tu theo tnh trng ng truyn lc . 1.2.2 Cc dch v ca VoIP Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu hng cung cp cc sn phm phn cng ln phn mm phc v cho cng ngh VoIP nh iNTEL, RAD, DiALOGiC,SiSCO,VOCALTEC iu ny lm cho cht lng VoIP nag cng c ci thin . Cc dch v ca VoIP bao gm: +> thoi thng minh : in thoi truyn thng ch bao gm 12 phm iu khin. K t khi internet ph khp ton cu th in thoi c tng thm tnh thng minh. internet cung cp cc tin ch iu khin thoi mt cch hiu qu hn v to ra nhiu ng dng mi cho thoi. +>dch v tnh cc cho b gi(Toll free) : Thoi qua internet cho php thc hin vic tnh cc cho ngi b gi. +> dch v callback Web : dch v ny cho php bn to cc trang Web vi cc phm thc hin cc cuc gi trn +> dch v FAX qua IP: cho php ngi gi FAX s dng dch v internet faxing s tit kim c c v cc ph ln knh thoi. Mt trong nhng dch v fax c a chung l comfax +> dch v Call Center : gateway call center vi cng ngh thoi qua internet cn cho cc nh kim duyt trang Web vi cc PC trang b multimedial kt ni vi cc b phn phi cc cuc gi t ng (ACD). Mt u im ca thoi IP l kh nng kt hp c thoi v d liu trn cng mt knh. 1.3 Ni Dung nghin cu ca ti Vi mc ch nghin cu cng ngh mi trong dch v thoi, ti s cp n nhng vn c bn lin quan n cc gii php thc hin VoIP. Vic i su tm hiu ci ngun ca cc gii php i hi tn nhiu thi gian cng nh cc kin thc lin quan vt ra ngoi kin thc ca mt sinh vin, do 7

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 trong ti chng ta ch cp n vic ng dng cc k thut nh th no. Bn cnh cng phi thy rng bt k mt cng ngh no cng c nhiu kha cnh lin quan, chnh v vy khng th tm hiu tt c cc vn trong mt thi gian hn ch m ch c th tm hiu su mt kha cnh no ca n. T nhn xt , ti s c trnh by nh sau: +> chng 1 S gii thiu khi qut v dch v VoIP . +> chng 2 cp n cc k thut lin quan phc v cho gii php VoIP +> chng 3 i vo nghin cu cu hnh mng VoIP cng nh cc chun h tr. +> chng 4 Tm hiu v c ch qun l lu lng,cng tc nh tuyn v cht lng dch v VoIP . +> chng 5 xem xt v s trin khai VoIP trong thc t.

Chng 2 Giao thc IP v gii php thc hin VoIP 2.1 giao thc IP 2.1.1 Khi qut v giao thc IP

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 Giao thc IP ( l giao thc tng mng nm trong chng giao thc ca m hnh OSi cng nh trong chng giao thc TCP/IP s dng cho mng my tnh. IP l mt giao thc khng tin cy v khng lin kt. Tt c cc d liu TCP, UDP, iCMP v iGMP c truuyn i di dng cc n v d liu (datagram). IP ch chu trch nhim nh tuyn cc datagram n ch,xc nh xem ni m datagram s c gi n,v nu c vn xy ra th s la chn mt tuyn ng khc. Khng tin cy ngha l khng c s m bo rng gi IP n ch thnh cng, bi v n c th b tr, khng c nh tuyn hay b hng trong qu trnh chia v ti hp li cc on tin. IP khng c s ch iu khin lung hay tin cy, do khng c trng kim tra trong gi tin m ch kim tra cho thng tin ca phn header. Cng vic kim tra v iu khin lung thuc v cc tng khc trong m hnh h thng m ch c c ch bo li trong IP bng cch gi cc bn tin bo li. Khng lin kt c ngha l IP khng quan tm nhng node no m cc datagram s i qua, hay trm bt u v kt thc ca datagram. Cc datagram c truyn c lp vi nhau. iu ny c ngha l cc gi IP c phn pht khng c trt t. Nu mt ngun gi i hai gi tin lin tip (A trc, B sau) ti cng mt ch, mi gi c nh tuyn c lp v i theo cc ng khc nhau n ch, B n sau A. 2.1.2 nh a ch trong IP Trng a ch ca IP gm 32 bit v c ch nh bi trung tm thng tin mng( Network information Center ). Bng cch nh a ch cho php cc my trn ton b mng c th trao i thng tin vi nhau mt cch chnh xc.

Bo co thc tp K42 Mt a ch IP

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 thc cht gm 2 phn l phn

mng(network) v phn trm (host) tuy nhin trong thc t do ch phn chia lm hai phn th khng gian a ch ca mt mng trong cu trc mt s lp s rt ln( v d nh lp A) do ngi ta thng a thm khi nim mng con. Mng con c hnh thnh bng cch ly mt s bit ca phn host lm nhn dng, do khng gian a ch ca mt mng s c chia thnh cc mng con tun tin cho vic qun l cng nh nh tuuyn. V nh vy a ch IP trong mt s lp s gm gm 3 phn l phn network, phn subnet, v phn host. Kin trc nh a ch ca internet gm 5 lp c tn l A,B,C,D,E. Trong lp E c bt u t 11110 c dnh cho vic s dng trong tng lai. Lp A c bt u bi bit 0, 8 bit u tin c dng nhn dng network, 24 bit cn li c dng nhn dng host ( cc giao din trong mng). Do trong lp A s c 27 mng v trong mi mng s c 224 host. Tuy nhin vi vic a vo khi nim mng con th mt mng trong lp A s c phn thnh cc mng con c khng gian a ch nh hn. Khng gian a ch ca lp A bt u t 1.0.0.0 n 127.255.255.255 0 0 net 8 Host 3 1

Lp B c bt u t 10, 16 bit u tin c dnh cho phn network, 16bit cn li c dng cho phn host v cng c phn thnh cc mng con. Do lp B s c 2 14 mng v trong mi mng s c 214 trm. Vy khng gian a ch ca lp B s t 128.0.0.0 n 191.255.255.255 0 16 31 10

Bo co thc tp K42 10 net

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

Host

Lp C c bt u t 110, trong 24 bit u tin c dng cho phn network, 8 bit cn li c dng cho phn host. Khng gian a ch lp 192.0.0.0 n 223.255.255.255

0 0 net

24 st

3 1 Ho

Lp D bt u t 1110 v c s dng cho cc thng tin a im (multicast). Khng gian a ch 224.0.0.0 n 239.255.255 0 8 Multicast Addres 3 1

Trong qu trnh s dng ngi ta khng dng cc a ch c ton cc bit 1 hoc ton cc bit 0 m cc a ch ny c s dng cho cc mc ch c bit. V mt vn i km vi vic phn a ch l vn cp pht a ch nh th no cho hp l. 2.1.3 Cu trc gi tin IP( Datagram) nh dng gi tin ca IPv4 ( internet Protocol verion 4 ) nh sau : Version Heade Type r of 11 Datagram length (byte)

Bo co thc tp K42 lenght service 16 bit identifier Time to live Upper Layer

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

Flags 13-bit Fragmentation offset Header checksum

Protocol 32 bit Source IP Address 32 bit Destination IP Address Options ( if any) Data Cc trng c ngha nh sau: +> version : 4 bit trong trng ny cho bt phin bn ca giao thc IP m Datagram ang tun theo. Hin ti n mang gi tr 4 ( trong tng lai c th mng gi tri 6) +> header length : Bi v c trng opption trong cu trc ca Datagram nn phi c trng ny xc nh chnh xc xem d liu bt u t u. Trng ny c 4 bit do c th ch ra ti a 20 byte header. +> type of service (TOS) : nh c trng ny m c th cho php nhiu ng dng c th chy trn IP cng mt lc. Cc ng dng s c phn bit vi nhau bi gi tr ca TOS. Mt ngha khc ca trng ny l nh n m cc c ch iu khin lung c th cn c vo quyt nh mc u tin cho tng loi dch v, iu quyt nh n cht lng dch v. +> Datagram length : trng ny cho bit da ca ton b gi IP c tnh theo byte. Vi di 16 bits th da theo l thuyt c th c ca gi tin l 65535 bytes. Tuy nhin, di ca gi him khi di hn 1500 bytes v thng c khch thc l 576bytes.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 +> identifier, Flags,Fragmentation offset : gip cho qu trnh phn hp v nhn dang cc phn mnh ca d liu +> Time to live : trng ny qui nh s router m gi c php i qua. iu ny trnh cho gi tin b lp mi mi trong mng. +> Protocol : trng ny ch c khi gi tin n ch. Gi tr ca trng ny cho bit giao thc no lp transport gi IP s c a n.. iu ny cho php nhiu giao thc ca lp trn c th cng chy trn giao thc IP. +> header checksum : trng ny c router s dng kim tra cc bit li trong header ca gi. Nu pht hin c li th router s kh b gi m khng sa li. +> a ch ch v a ch ngun: hai trng ny u di 32 bit c s dng cho vic nh tuyn cc gi tin n ch v gi bn tin bo li iCMP nu c li xy ra. +> opption : l mt trng tu chn thm cc c tnhkhc cho dch v hoc cho cc iu khin. +>Data : l phn thng tin c truyn. y c th l thng tin ngi s dng hoc thng tin iu khin. 2.2 Gii php truyn thoi trn IP 2.2.1 Giao thc thi gian thc RTP Lung tn hiu thoi VoIP v cc tn hiu Video c mt s yu cu chung phn bit vi cc dch v internet truyn thng khc mt s c im sau : S lin tc: Cc gi phi c sp xp li theo th t thi gian thc bn nhn, c th cc gi b mt trn ng truyn, khi phi thc hin d tm v b li cho s mt ny m khng truyn li.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 S ng b bn trong phng thc truyn thng : thi gian truyn gia cc gi phi u n. Ngha l nu khng c thn hiu th cng phi tm cch lp y cc khong im lng . S ng b gi cc phng thc truyn thng : Nu c nhiu phng thc truyn thng cng c s dng trong mt phin truyn thng th cc phng thc phi ng b vi nhau. V d nh vic truyn ng thi tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu hnh th hai tn hiu ny phi ng b vi nhau, gi l s ng b hnh ting. S nhn din payload : Trong internet, thng thng cn s thay i s m ho cho cc phng thc truyn ti (payload ) trn ng truyn hiu chnh thay i bng thng sn sng hoc kh nng cho ng dng mi lin kt vo. Do cn c mt vi c ch nhn din s m ho cho mt gi. Nhn din khung : Tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu truyn hnh c gi trong mt n v d liu logic l cc khung. Tn hiu nhn dng khung dng ch cho bn nhn ch no bt u v kt thc ca cc khung, gip cho s phn phi ng b ti cc tng cao hn. thc hin iu ny th cn c cc giao thc thi gian thc. Thc t cc dch v ny c cung cp bi cc giao thc tng truyn ti ( transport layer ). Cc giao thc thi gian thc bao gm : giao thc dng thi gian thc RTSP ( Real Time Stream Protocol ), giao thc iu khin thi gian thc RTCP ( Real Time Control Protocol ), giao thc khi u phin SIP ( Secsion initation Protocol ), giao thc g trc ti nguyn RSVP ( Resources Reservation Set - tup Protocol ). Cc giao thc ny a ra mt vi chc nng lin tc v tm s mt gi rt tt.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 a pht p thun tin ( Multicast friendly ) : RTSP v RTCP l cc k thut cho pht p ( Multicast). Trn thc t, chng c thit k hot ng trong c cc cc nhm pht p nh ph hp cho cc cuc gi in ba ngi. i vi cc nhn ln th phi dng pht p qung b. c lp thit b : RTSP cung cp cc dch v cn thit cho cc dch v thi gian thc ni chung nh thoi v video, bt k mt b m ho v gii m no v gii m c th no c thm cc trng thng tin tiu v ng ngha s nh ngha cho mi phng thc m ho v gii m theo mt tiu chun k tht ting. Cc b trn v chuyn i: cc b trn l cc thit b nm gi phng thc truyn t mt vi ngi s dng trn v ni chng vo dng phng thc truyn thng, v gi kt qu n dng u ra.. b chuyn i s nm gi mt dng cc phng thc truyn thng , chuyn i chng vo cc khun dng khc nhau v gi i. Cc b chuyn i c vai tr thu nh bng thng yu cu ca dng s liu so vi yu cu bng thng trc khi c chuyn i m khng cn ngun pht thu nh tc bit ca n. iu ny cho php bn nhn thc hin kt ni nhanh m khng b gim v cht lng dch v so vi bng thng ban u. Cc b trn s gii hn bng thng nu c vi ngi ng thi gi mt lc, p ng chc nng cu hi thoi. RTPTS h tr c b trn ln b chuyn i. Cht lng dch v phn hi : RTCP cho php bn nhn c th a ra phn hi v cht lng nhn c n tt c cc thnh vin ca nhm. Cc ngun pht c th dng thng tin ny iu chnh tc bit s liu, trong khi cc bn nhn khc c th xc nh xem cht lng ny l ton mng hay cc b. Ngi

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 qua st ngoi c th dng thng tin ny thc hin qun l cht lng dch v. iu khin phin lng : RTCP cng cho php cc bn tham gia c th trao i thng tin nhn din nh tn, email, s in thoi v cc thng ip vn tawts. M ho thnh mt m : cc dng phng thc truyn thng RTSP c th m ho thnh mt m dng cc kho. Cc kho l s trao i mt vi phng php khng phi RTP v d nh SIP hoc giao thc m t phin SDP ( Secsion DecrIPt Protocol ) 2.2.1.1 Giao thc dng thi gian thc RTSP ( Real Time Stream Protocol ) RTSP ni chung c dng trong lin kt vi UDP(Uer Datagram Protocol ). Nhn c th li dng bt k mt giao thc no ca tng thp hn trn c s gi tin.khi mt trm ch mun gi mt gi, th cn phi bit phng thc truyn thng c th to khun dng gi, thm vo phn tiu ca gi phng thc truyn thng . Cng vic ny phi thc hin quyt nh trc tiu ca RTSP v a vo phng thc truyn tng thp hn. Sau chng c gi vo mng (dng mt trong hai cch a pht p hay n pht p) n cc thnh vin khc tham d. Tiu ca gi RTSP di 12 bytes ( nh hnh di ). Trng V ch r phin bn ca giao thc, c X bo hiu c trng ca tiu m rng gia tiu c nh v s liu i theo. Nu bit P l 1, phn s liu c m thm m bo lin kt y cho s m ho thnh mt m. 1 6 payload Sequnce number 3 1

0 V P X CSR

8 M

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Bo co thc tp K42 C type

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

Timestamp Synchronization source identifier (SSRC) Contributing source identifiers (CSRC) Header extension Payload ( audio, video ... )

Cu trc tiu c nh RTSP Cc ngi s dng trong cng mt nhm a pht phn bit bi tn nhn din 32 bit ngun ng b ngu nhin SSRC ( Synchronization source ). C mt b nhn din tng ng dng cho php d dng nhn din dng s liu n t cng mt b chuym i hoc b trn i km vi cc thng bo bn nhn vi pha ngun pht. Him khi hai ngi s dng cng chn mt b nhn din ging nhau, khi h phi qua li qu trnh ng b ban u. Danh sch ngun ng b phn tn CSRC ( contributing SSRC ), trng chiu di ca n c biu th bi trng chiu di ca ng b phn tn, ghi danh sch tt c cc ngun ng b phn tn vo ni dung ca gi. i vi thoi th trng ny ghi vo danh sch ton b ngi ang tham gia hi thoi. RTSP h tr khi nim phng thc truyn thng ph thuc vo vic t tn gip trong qu trnh xy dng li v pht gi ra. Bit ngi ghi M cung cp thng tin cho mc ch ny. i vi m thanh, gi u tin trong ting ni pht ra c th c a vo lp thi gian biu pht i t chc oc lp , nu gi nm trong ting ni pht ra trc . Bit M trong trng hp ny dng nh du gi u tin trong ting ni. i vi video, mt khung video ch c th c pht i khi gi cui cng

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 n. Do trong trng hp ny M dng nh du gi cui cng trong mt khung video. Trng payload type nhn dng phng thc m ho trong gi. Trng Sequnce number tng mi khi gi c pht ra d s mt gi v khi phc th t. Trng Timestamp, s tng lin tc theo tn s ca phng tin ly mu ch ra rng khi no khung c to ra. 2.2.1.2 Giao thc iu khin thi gian thc RTCP Giao thc iu khin thi gian thc RTCP l giao thc iu khin i km vi RTSP. Phng thc truyn thng ngi gia ngi gi v ngi nhn thc hin theo chu k cc gi RTCP n cng mt nhm a pht p nh dng phn pht cc gi RTSP. Mi gi RTCP c cha mt s cc phn t thng thng l cc bn tin ngi gi hoc bn tin ng nhn tip theo ngay sau m t ti nguyn. Mi loi phc v mt chc nng ring. Cc bn tin ngi dng : c to ra bi ngi s dng ng thi cng km theo cc phng thc truyn thng ( cc ngun RTSP ). Chng m t s lng d liu c gi ging nh tng quan vi gn nhn thi gian ly mu RTSP v thi gian tuyt i cho php ng b gia cc phng tin khc nhau. Cc bn tin ngi nhn : c to ra bi cc thnh phn tham gia phin RTSP chng l phng thc truyn thng nhn. Mi bn tin nh vy c cha mt khi cho cc ngun RTSP trong nhm. Mi khi m t h s mt tch lu tc thi v s tri t ngun . Khi cng ng thi ch ra nhn cui cng v tr t lc nhn mt bo co ngi gi, cho php cc ngun c lng khong cch ca chng h thp dn.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 Cc gi k hiu ngun ( source descrIPtor SDES ) dng cho iu khin phin. N c cha tn chun ( Canonical name CNAME ), mt nhn dng duy nht ging nh khun dng ca mt a ch trn mng internet. Tn chun dng gii quyt xung t trong gi tr ngun ng b v cc dng phng thc truyn thng lin kt khc nhau c tao ra bi cng mt ngi s dng. Cc gi SDES cng nhn dng cc thnh vin qua tn ca n, email, s din thoi . iu ny cung cp dng iu khin phin n gin. Cc ng dng client c th hin th v tn v email trong cc giao din ngi s dng. iu cho php cc thnh vin tham gia phin nghe c cc thnh vin khc cng tham gia, n cng cho php chng thu c cc thng tin lin lc phc v cho cc dng khc ca truyn thng v d nh khi to mt cuc hi thoi ring. Chnh iu ny cng lm thun tin hn trong vic lin lc vi mt ngi s dng. Nu mt ngi ngng tham gia phin thng tin, ngi s c thng ip BYTE. Cui cng cc phn t ng dng (APP) c th dng a thm cc thng tin c th vo cc gi tin RTCP. Cc bn tin ngi nhn v ngi gi v cc gi SDES c cha cc thng tin, cc thng tin ny c th thay i thng xuyn do phi gi cc gi ny mt cch nh k. Nu cc thnh phn phin RTSP n gin gi cc thng ip theo mt chu k c nh s gy nn hu qu l bng thng ca nhm a pht p s ln t l tuyn tnh vi kch thc ca nhm - khng c li. khc phc iu ny, mi thnh vin m s thnh vin m n nghe c ( theo cc goi RTCP ). Chu k gia cc gi RTCP t mi ngi s dng sau c cn i t l vi vi s cc thnh vin ca nhm, m bo bng thng dnh cho cc bn tin RTCP vn c nh, khng ph thuc vo kch thc ca nhm. T khi kch thc ca nhm c lng thu c bi m s cc thnh

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 phn khc, n chim gi thi gian cho mi thnh vin tham gia mi tin gn n gn kch thc nhm mt cch chnh xc. Nu nhiu ngi s dng cng tham gia nhp vo mt nhm, mi ngi s dng s c sai lch trong vic c lng kch thc ca nhm. Do c th dn n s trn cc bn tin RTCP. Mt gii thut back -off c a ra gii quyt vn ny. 2.2.1.3 Cc nh dng payload Cc c cu trn ca RTSP a ra dch v cn thit cho vic truyn ti chung ca m thanh v video. Tuy nhin cc b m ho v gii m ring s c tc dng tng thm cc thng tin cn thit truyn. h tr iu ny, RTSP cho php cc nh dng payload nh dng cc kiu m ho v gii m ring. Cc nh dng payload m t cc c php v ng ngha cho payload RTSP. Ng ngha c bit ca payload c truyn trong cc bit nhn dng kiu payload RTSP. Cc bit ny cho bit b m ho v gii m thc t ang dng v cc nh dng ny rng buc bi cc cc tn c cc nh cp php s iANA ( internet assigned number authority ) gn cho v c truyn ngoi bng. Cc ch nh ny c th c truyn ngoi bng cho php mt ngun RTSP c th thay i khun dng m ho m khng cn s bo hiu r rng. Hn na bt k ai cng c th thm vo cc kiu m ho v gii m mi , c ngha l RTSP l h thng m c th c pht trin bi bt k ai. Cc nh dng s liu payload, phng thc truyn thng RTSP c nh ngha trong cc khuyn ngh H.263,H261.Cc b m ho -gii m video theo chun JPEG, MPEGG v mt trm ch ca cc b m ho -gii m video v m thanh khc c h tr vi cc nh dng payload n gin hn.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 Hn na, cc nh dng payload RTSP c nh ngha cung cp cc dch v chung. Mt nh dng s liu khc cng c nh ngha cho php cung cp c ch sa li, khi phc cc gi b mt theo nh ngha c lp vi b m ho v gii m. Ngoi ra cn mt nh dng khc c gii thiu ghp cc phng tin truyn thng t nhiu ngi s dng vo mt gi. y l hiu qu c th ring thay th cc trung k gia cc gateway VoIP, l ni thu nh ng k thng tin mo u trong tiu cc gi. 2.2.1.4 Giao thc gi trc ti nguyn RSVP Da vo s quan trng ca cc dch v thoi cng vi s on trc t l cn thit bng thng trong internet dng bi thoi v video ngi ta s dung giao thc RSVP. cng l bin php m bo cho cht lng ca dch v thi gian thc ( QoS Quality of Service ). Tuy nhin cc xut xung quanh RSVP cn rt phc tp, cha trin khai c trn din rng. Ngi ta xut b giao thc gi trc ti nguyn v n gin l dng cc thng ip RTCP thng bo cho cc router dc theo ng truyn gic trc ti nguyn. nh ra s lng bng thng cn gi trc, cc bn tin bn gi RTCP c th dng bng s quan st s khc nhau gia hai s n trc( cc s m byte ca bn tin ngi gi ), hoc c th chn thm vo mt trng mang theo cc c trng th hin mong mun cht lng dch v di dng chi tit hn. Cc thng ip RTCP mang cc yu cu gi trc c nh du s dng ring bit bi mt tu chn linh hot ca router. Cc bn tin ngi nhn s quay li xem s gi trc c thc hin hon tt hay tng phn. Cc xut tng t cng c a ra nhm n gin ho cc giao thc gi trc ti nguyn trn c s bn gi c th thy

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 ( cho d khng dng cc bn tin RTCP ) trong giao thc cn bng SRP ( Scalable Reserrvation Protocols). Vn gi trc cho cc dch v VoIP li c kha cnh khc, nu vic gi trc b hng th cuc gi vn din ra nhng phi dng truyn ti best effort. iu ny ph hp vi mt tn hiu fast busy, ni khng c tt c cc truyn thng c thit lp v a ra kh nng quyt nh chp nhn hay loi b hon ton tt c cc end to end. Trn mi kt ni trong mng, bng thng cho lu lng thoi c th xc nh. Bng vic nghin cu k thut mng in thoi truyn thng c th dng xc nh s lng cp pht cn thit. Phn bng thng cn d trn lin kt c dng cho cc dch v khc. Cc gi n c phn bit l thoi v phi thoi. S c nhiu kt ni thoi hot ng mt lc ti thi im tr hon bt k( c th t khi khng c kh nng thu nhn ), cc cuc gi ph tr c th n gin tr thnh best efort. Do mt ngi qun l tt c th t cc kh nng thp hp l trong trng hp nh vy v s dng trn tn hiu bng thng best efort c th c lng thu nhn iu khin vn ny khng xy ra cc s c. Cc c ch ni trn xem nh chia cc dch v VoIP thnh cc lp khc nhau.

2.2.2 Giao thc khi u phin SIP (Secsion initation Protocol ) Mt nh ngha y ca VoIP l kh nng mt phn bo hiu n mt hoc nhiu phn khc khi u mt cuc gi bng cch s dng giao thc khi u phin SIP. Mt cuc gi l s gn lin cc thnh vin tham gia. Bo hiu kt hp mt cp cc thnh phn tham gia coi nh mt kt ni. Ch

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 rng kt ni ch tn ti nh l trng thi bo hiu gia hai im u cui. Mt phin c xem nh mt phin RTP mang theo mt kiu truyn thng. Mi lin h bo hiu v cc phin phng thc truyn thng c th thay i. Trong cuc gi nhiu thnh phn tham gia, mi thnh phn tham gia phi c kt ni bo hiu n cc thnh vin khc, trong khi phng tin truyn thng phn b theo kiu a pht p. Trong trng hp khc, c th l phin truyn thng n pht p kt hp vi m kt ni. Mt giao thc bo hiu VoIP pha lm c cc cng vic sau y : Chuyn i tn xc nh v tr ngi s dng : cng vic ny bao gm cc nh x gia tn ca cc mc tru tng khc nhau chng hn nh tn chung ti mt domain hay tn ca ngi s dng ti mt my ch internet c th. S chuyn i ny l cn thit xc nh a ch IP ca my ch cho vic trao i vi cc phng thc truyn thng. Thng thng ngi s dng ch c tn v a ch email ca ngi m h cn truyn thng ( v d daohaidangnamiyahoo.com ). Chng ch phi chuyn i sang a ch IP. S chuyn i ny l phc tp hn l s tm kim trn mt bng. S chuyn i c th thay i theo thi gian ca ngy, ngi gi, hoc trng thi ca cuc gi, trong s cc tiu chun khc. c trng dn xp : cho php mt nhm h thng u cui c th tho thun phng thc truyn thng no trao i cc thng s c lin quan ca chng nh m ho. Cc b v kiu ca phng thc khng nht thit ging nhau trong mt cuc gi. Cc cuc gi khc nhau c th c cc phng thc truyn thng khc nhau. Bt k thnh vin tham gia cuc gi c th mi cc thnh phn khc vo mt cuc gi ang tn ti v kt thc mt kt ni vi mt thnh vin tham gia khc. Trong

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 thi gian cuc gi, cc thnh vin tham gia s c kh nng chuyn giao v gi cc ngi s dng khc. M hnh tng qut ch yu ca kt hp cc thnh vin tham gia l kt ni khng gian li y gia cc thnh vin. c trng thay i : lm cho n c kh nng hiu chnh chnh cc cu hnh ca cc phin phng thc truyn thng trong thi gian din bin mt cuc gi, hoc cc thnh vin yu cu tng hay gim chc nng, hoc phi bt buc phi thay i s lng cc thnh vin tham gia. Giao thc SIP c pht trin bi iTU-T nm trong H323. 2.2.2.1 Khi qut v SIP SIP l giao thc Client Server, cho php h thng u cui bao gm giao thc Client v Server( gi chung l Server i din ngi s dng ). Cc Server i din ngi s dng ni chung tr li cc yu cu trn c s trao i ca con ngi hoc cc kiu u vo khc. Mt khc cc SIP yu cu c th duyt qua nhiu Server u nhim, mi trong chng nhn mt yu cu v gi n n Server k tip m c th l mt Server u nhim khc hay Server i din ngi s dng. Mt Server c th ng vai tr trung gian( redirect Server ), bo tin client ca a ch ca Server k tip, v th client c th lin lc trc tip n n.cha c giao thc no phn bit Proxy Server, redirect Server v Server i din ngi s dng. Client v proxy Server khng c cch no bit n ang truyn thng vi loi no.S phn bit ch chc nng. Proxy hay Redirect Server khng c nhn mt yu cu trong khi Server i din ngi s dng th c th. Cc cuc gi trong SIP l nh danh duy nht bi b nh danh cuc gi cha trong trng tin CALL-iD trong cc thng

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 ip SIP. B nh danh cuc gi c to bi cc thnh phn ca cuc gi. S kt ni c cc thuc tnh sau : +> ngun lin kt logic ch ra thc th yu cu kt ni. c th khng phi l thc th gi yu cu m c th l cc Proxy gi cc yu cu i din cho ngi s dng khc. Trong cc thng ip SIP, cc thng ip ny c truyn trong trng tiu FROM. +> ch lin kt c cha cc tn trng TO l phn u tin m ngi khi u mun lin lc( ngi nhn ). +> phng thc truyn ti ch truyn s xc nh v tr ( a ch IP v cng ) ni m cc phng thc truyn thng gi cho cc bn nhn tng ng. +> cc kh nng ca cc phng thc truyn thng m mt thnh phn c th nhn v phn phi chng. Kh nng ca phng thc truyn thng v cc phng thc truyn thng ch c gi vo trong n dung thng ip SIP. Hin ti hai giao thc m t phin SDP phc v cho mc ch ny.SDP ni r cc danh sch kh nng ca m thanh v video v ch ra ni no phng thc truyn thng c gi n. N cho php ln thi gian biu cc phin vo tng lai v th gian cc phn lp li. SIP nh ngha mt vi phng php chun b u tin hoc chun b cuc gi cng vi cc kt ni. iNViTE mi vo cuc gi,BYTE kt thc mt cuc gi v OPPTiONS thu ht thng tin cc kh nng nhng khng thit lp lieen kt. STATUS bo tin Server khc v qu trnh cc hot ng bo hiu m n yu cu theo Also.ACK dng cho thng ip tin cy trao i cc li mi . CANCEL kt thc tm cho mt ngi s dng. Cui cng REGiSTER truyn thng tin v nh v ngi dng n SIP Server.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 SIP to nn s m ng ti thiu v giao thc truyn ti nm di n. N c th trc tip dng mt chng trnh hoc giao thc dng, ch vi hn ch rng mt yu cu SIP y hoc tr li mi phn phi l dng y hoc khng. Nh vy SIP c th s dng vi UDP hoc TCP trong internet, v vi X.25,L5/ATM,CLNP,TP4,TPX hoc PPP ni khc. Cc a ch mng trong SIP l khng hn ch nh trong internet, ging nh khuyn ngh E.164 a ch GSTN ca iTU. Trong nhiu trng hp, cc a ch c th l URL 2.2.2.2 M ho thng ip Khng ging nh cc giao thc bo hiu khc nh Q.931 v H323, SIP l mt giao thc trn c s text. Thit k ny c chn nhm thu nh nht chi ph u vo. cc cu trc s liu cn thit trong cc tiu SIP tt c u ri vo loi tham s gi tr, c th vi mt mc ca tham s con, cng nh c cu m ho nh k hiu c php rt gn 1 ( Abstract Syntax Notation1 ASN1) chu s bt li v chc nng. Khng ging nh ASN1, lut m ho gi PER (packet encode rule ) v lut m ho c s BER ( basic encoding rule ), mt tiu SIP l s t din t qui m ln. Thm ch nu mt phn m rng khng phi l ti liu chnh thc, nh ging vi trng hp cho nhiu cc tiu email chung, thun tin cho k thut do chng. T khi cc gi tr ch yu l text b bt li v mt khng gian gii hn cc tn tham s, thng thng l vi chc bytes trn mt yu cu( thc vy ASN.1 ,PER m ho cc thng ip bo hiu H.323 ln hn cc thng ip SIP tng ng ). Bn cnh khong ngoi khng lin quan n cc giao thc bo hiu.

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 Nu khng thit k mt chc cn thn , cc giao thc trn c s text rt kh phn tch do cu trc ca chng khng c qui tc. SIP c gng trnh iu ny bng vic duy tr mt cu trc khung ca tt c cc trng tiu cho php vit mt b phn tch chung. Khng ging vi HTTP v th in t internet,SIP c thit k cho mt b k t c lp, v th trong bt k trng hp no cng din t c bt k cc k t iSO 10646. T khi SIP hot ng trn khnh 8 bit khng li, cc s liu nh phn cng cc xc nhn khng phi m ho. Ni tm li vi vic cc ni dung c ng gi v ngn ng tham chiu ca ngi yu cu, SIP ph hp cho vic s dng trn ton th gii. 2.2.2.3 nh a ch v t tn mi v nhn din pha b gi phi c t tn. T d n l dnh chung nht ca da ch ngi s dng trong internet, SIP chn email nh b nhn din ging cacs dng useridomain, userihost, useriIP-address, hoc phone-numberigateway. B phn nhn din c th xem nh tn ca mt my ch m nhi s dng ng nhp vo ti thi im, mt da ch email hoc l dch v chuyn i tn ca mt domain c th no . Cc a ch ca dng phone-numberigateway ch r cc s in thoi GSTN c th tip cn theo cc gateway t tn. Hot ng quan trng nht ca SIP l mi cc thnh vin mi vo mt cuc gi. Mt SIP client u tin thu c cc a ch ni cc tthnh vin mi lin lc ti,di dng nameidomain. Client sau d tm cch chuyn i a ch domain ny thnh a ch IP d l ni cc server c th tm thy c. S chuyn i ny c lm bng vic th trong mt dy,cc bn ghi dch v

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 DNS,tn hp quy tc CNAME(conomical Name) v cc bn ghi a ch ci cng. Mi ln a ch IP server tm thy, client gi n thng ip iNViTE dng mt trong hai UDP hoc TCP. Server dng ngn thng ip l khng phi server i din ngi s dng ni ngi s dng thc t nm trn n, n c th l proxy server hoc server trung gian. Mt tiu ViA d tm tin trnh ca li mi t server n server,cho php tr li tm ng quay li ca n v gip server d ra cc vng lp. Trong mi trng hp nh vy proxy server v server gim tip bng cch ny hay cch khc phi xc nh server bc nhy tip theo.y l mt chc nng xc nh v tr server.Mt s xc nh v tr server l thc th khi SIP (none-SIP) n c thng tin v cc server bc nhy tip theo cho cc ngi s dng khc nhau.Proxy server c th gi ngiu li mi ti cc server ti mt ln, trong cc bc nhy lin lc vi nhi s dng ti mt trong cc v tr.Chng c th gi li mi n cc nhm a pht p,lin lc mt cch hiu qu n nhiu cc bc nhy tip theo theo mt cch hiu qu nht.Mi ln s dng server i l ngi s dng l dc lien lc n kt thc mt cch tr li n client.S tr li c mt m tr li v mt thng ip tr li. m bo tin cy ngay c i vi cc giao thc truyn ti khng ng tin cy,server truyn li tr li cui cng cho n khi client xc nhn bng vic gi yu cu ACK n server. 2.2.3 M t lin kt cc giao thc Cc phn trc c m t cc nt c bn cac ch giao thc cho VoIP:SIP,RTP, cc dch v tm vng m rng,v RTSP, Trong phn ny chng ta a ra ton th cc phn t v trnh by lm th no chng c th dng cho mt dch v phc tp.

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Bo co thc tp K42

o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 -

SIP serv er A

SIP serv er B RTSP serv er User Agen tB

WASRV server

ISP A ISP C
User Agen tA ITG

ISP B

To PSTN

Hnh v trn a ra mt mng IP bao gm ba nh cung cp dch v internetiSP (internet service Provider) A,B v nh cung cp dch v chuyn tip C.iSP A cung cp mt proxy server SIP l tt,tng thm mt server RTSP A cho th thoi. iSP C a ra mt gateway in thoi (iTG). Ngi s dng A trong SIP A mun gi ngi s dng B trong iSP B. Client i din ngi s dng SIP ca ngi dng A l c cu hnh dng server SIP A nh l mt proxy cho tt c cc yu cu cuc gi. gi B,A phi gi mt thng ip iNViTE SIP n server SIP A (1), ch ra tn ca ngi dng B trong trng TO(join_biispb.com).Server )SIP A tm domain ispb.com trong DNS, v thnhg lp a cj IP vu server B. S kch hot do mt proxy, n gi iNViTE SIP n server SIP B(2).Server B kim tra cc bn ghi ca n v tm ra cc tp ch dn x l cc cc gi cho ngi s dng. Cc ch dn u tin ch ra ngi s dng u tin phi lin lc, theo proxy, ti PC ca n. Nu khng c ai tr li,server s tr li hai v tr 29

Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 la chn ngi tiu dng B n ngi yu cu: mt s in thoi v mt server th thoi. Server SIP sau tip theo cc ch dn ny gi thng Ip INVITE ngidng B(3) Ngi dng B ch dn phn mn server i din ngi dng SIP ca anh ta khng chp nhn bt k cuoc gi no.Server ngi dng SIP ca ngi dng B v vy tr li vi nt thng ip li n server SIP B(4),Server SIP sau gi trc mt tr li trc tip n server SIP A(). Tr li trong tp ln 300,v bao gm trong cc trng CONTRACT hai a ch la chn.u tin nh v ti nguyn ngi s dng in thoi(tel://+1-732-555-1212), v ci th hai l nh v ti nguyn ngi dng RTSP cho mt server phng tin truyn thng. Tm cc u bn tin c th ch ra d hn,v tr li ra rng ngi gi s th gi n URL u tin. Server SIP A sau th gi ti ngi s dng ti s GSTN. lm iu ny, n u tin hi mt server cc dch v vng rng (6). N cung cp cho server vi s in thoi lin lc, v cc u i ngi s dng v cc phng php tnh cc (nh tr th thanh ton). Cc u i ny cng dc cung cp n server SIP bi ngi s dng trong s bt k cc con ng, bao gm cng vo nhn cng bi mt ngi qun tr.Server cc dch v hi c s d liu ca n, v tr v a ch ca mt gateway thch hp(7). Server SIP sau gi iNViTE SIP u tin ti gateway(8).Gateway thc hin cuc gi n PSTN(9),nhng ng ang bn(10). Gateway ch ra iu ny ti server theo mt thng ip SIP li(11).Server A vn c b nh v ti nguyn ngi s dng RTSP nh mt im lin lc tim tng cho client.T khi n khng hiu lm th no x l b nh v ti nguyn RTSP ca n, n tr li b nh v ti nguyn ngi

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 dng n ny n client i din ca ngi dng A theo SIP tr li gin tip (12).Ngi dng A c th lin lc vi server rstp, v thng ip n ngi dng B. V d ny m t mt s kha cnh khc nhau ca cu trc.u tin l s nhy (hopping) ca cc yu cu iNViTE SIP gia cc phn t,vi mi phn t truy nhp cc th mc (nh server rng vng dch v) hoc c s d liu cn thit.Cch c x ca cc server SIP l ph thuc vo thc hin v lp trnh ni b ca n.Trong v d y server SIP B c lp trnh vi ngi dng u i v s dng cuc gi.Server A lp trnh vi ngi s dng u i v tnh cc, v c truy nhp n cc dch v giao thc vng m rng hon thnh cuc gi n cc u cui PSTN.S hn tp ny cho php nh ngha cc dch v mi,v cho s khc nhau gia cc server. Mt kha cch khc ca cu trc l s hi nhp thun tin vi cc dch v khc nhau(nh tel:v rtsp:).SIP cho php bt k kiu c URL truyn ti trong cc trng PROM,TO,CONTRACT ca ALSO cho php cc cuc gi khng can thip ti cc giao thc v dch v khc khi cn thit. 2.2.4 Kt lun

Chng ta trnh by mt phn ca b giao thc h tr nng cao dch v VoIP xut trn internet. B ny bao gm RTP truyn ti,SIP bo hiu lu tr v tm phng php truyn thng.Cc giao thc ny l c lp v c tnh modul,v khi kt hp vi tnh cc ,v tm dch v,v giao thc gi trc ti nguyn, dng y cu trc cho cc dch v tng lai. Tuy nhin nhiu vic cn li.Trong khi VoIP ha hn tng s mn do hn ti dch v in thoi v tc thc hin

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Bo co thc tp o Hi ng Nam TVT 5 K42 n.VoIP phi ng u vi mt s vn ni cm ca n, bao gm khng ph hp cht lng phc v dch v trong vng rng, thiu tin cy v cc h thng u cui ngho nn, s khng cy ca internet,v thiu ca c s h tng tnh cc. internet hin ti ni chung thiu mt giao thc a pht p tin cy chp nhn c. Phn chia ng dng, voing(mgha m phn tn) v iu khin floor (nh sp hng phn tn) yu cu tin cy nh vy. Nh vy cp cc phn trc, cc gateway n cc h thng vin thng hin s ng vai tr ln trong qu trnh qu n c s h tng vin thng c bn l hon ton internet, chng ta hin ti nghin cu server SIP vi giao thc bo hiu hin s 7(SS7-iSUP), cng nh vy gateway tr nn thnh vin quan trng nht trong mng in thoi. Cc gateway ca SIP n H.323 v cc cu hnh kt ni VoIP c cp nhiu hn trong chng tip theo.

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