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CHUYN : I. n tp kin thc c bn:

PHNG PHP LUYN TP TH TCH KHI A DIN

N TP 1. KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 9 - 10 1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho DABC vung A ta c : a) nh l Pitago : BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2 A b) BA2 = BH .BC; CA2 = CH .CB b c) AB. AC = BC. AH c 1 1 1 = + d) 2 2 AH AB AC 2 H M B e) BC = 2AM a b c b c f) sin B = , cosB = , tan B = , cot B = a a c b b b = g) b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a = , sin B cos C b = c. tanB = c.cot C 2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng: * nh l hm s Csin: a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA a b c = = = 2R * nh l hm s Sin: sin A sin B sin C 3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch. a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic: 1 a.b.c 1 a+b+c = p.r = p.( p - a )( p - b)( p - c) vi p = S = a.ha = a.b sin C = 2 4R 2 2

a 3 1 S = AB. AC ,* DABC u cnh a: S = c bit :* DABC vung A : 4 2 b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng 1 d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S = (cho di x cho ngn) 2 1 d/ Din tch hnh thang : S = (y ln + y nh) x chiu cao 2 e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao
f/ Din tch hnh trn : S = p .R
2

N TP 2 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 11

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A.QUAN H SONG SONG 1.NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG I. nh ngha: a ng thng v mt phng gi l song song a/ /(P) a(P) = vi nhau nu chng (P) khng c im no chung. II.Cc nh l: L1:Nu ng thng d khng nm trn mp(P) v song song vi ng thng a nm trn mp(P) th ng thng d song song vi mp(P) L2: Nu ng thng a song song vi mp(P) th mi mp(Q) cha a m ct mp(P) th ct theo giao tuyn song song vi a. L3: Nu hai mt phng ct nhau cng song song vi mt ng thng th giao tuyn ca chng song song vi ng thng .
d

d (P) d / /a d / /(P) a (P)

a (P)

a/ /(P) d / /a a (Q) (P) (Q) = d

(Q) d (P)

(P) (Q) = d d / /a (P)/ /a (Q)/ /a

d a P Q

2.HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG I. nh ngha: Hai mt phng c gi l song song vi nhau nu chng khng c im no chung. II.Cc nh l: L1: Nu mp(P) cha hai ng thng a, b ct nhau v cng song song vi mt phng (Q) th (P) v (Q) song song vi nhau.

(P)/ /(Q) (P) (Q) =

P Q

a,b (P) (P)/ /(Q) a b = I a/ /(Q),b / /(Q)

a P Q b I

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L2: Nu mt ng thng nm mt trong hai mt phng song song th song song vi mt phng kia. L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v (Q) song song th mi mt phng (R) ct (P) th phi ct (Q) v cc giao tuyn ca chng song song.

(P) / /(Q) a / /(Q) a (P)

a P Q

(P) / /(Q) (R) (P) = a a / / b (R) (Q) = b

P Q

a b

B.QUAN H VUNG GC 1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG I.nh ngha: Mt ng thng c a gi l vung gc vi mt a ^ mp(P) a ^ c,"c (P) mt phng nu n vung gc vi mi ng thng c P nm trn mt phng . II. Cc nh l: L1: Nu ng thng d vung gc vi hai ng thng ct nhau a v b cng nm trong mp(P) th ng thng d vung gc vi mp(P). L2: (Ba ng vung gc) Cho ng thng a khng vung gc vi mp(P) v ng thng b nm trong (P). Khi , iu kin cn v b vung gc vi a l b vung gc vi hnh chiu a ca a trn (P). I.nh ngha: Hai mt phng c gi l vung gc vi nhau nu gc gia chng bng 900.
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d ^ a ,d ^ b a ,b mp(P) d ^ mp(P) a,b cat nhau

a ^ mp(P),b mp(P) b ^ a b ^ a'

P a'

2.HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

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II. Cc nh l: L1:Nu mt mt phng cha mt ng thng vung gc vi mt a ^ mp(P) mp(Q) ^ mp(P) mt phng khc th hai a mp(Q) mt phng vung gc vi nhau. L2:Nu hai mt phng (P) v (Q) vung gc (P) ^ (Q) vi nhau th bt c (P) (Q) = d a ^ (Q) ng thng a no nm a (P),a ^ d trong (P), vung gc vi giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) u vung gc vi mt phng (Q). L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v (Q) vung (P) ^ (Q) gc vi nhau v A l A (P) mt im trong (P) th a (P) ng thng a i qua Aa im A v vung gc a ^ (Q) vi (Q) s nm trong (P) L4: Nu hai mt phng ct nhau v cng (P) (Q) = a vung gc vi mt a ^ (R) phng th ba th giao (P) ^ (R) tuyn ca chng vung (Q) ^ (R) gc vi mt phng th ba. 3.KHONG CCH 1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng thng , n 1 mt phng: Khong cch t im M n ng thng a (hoc n mt phng (P)) l khong cch gia hai im M v H, trong H l hnh chiu ca im M trn ng thng a ( hoc trn mp(P)) d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH
O
Q a

P a

P a A

O H

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2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng song song: Khong cch gia ng thng a v mp(P) song song vi a l khong cch t mt im no ca a n mp(P). d(a;(P)) = OH 3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song: l khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt phng ny n mt phng kia. d((P);(Q)) = OH 4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau: l di on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng . d(a;b) = AB 4.GC 1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b l gc gia hai ng thng a v b cng i qua mt im v ln lt cng phng vi a v b. 2. Gc gia ng thng a khng vung gc vi mt phng (P) l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n trn mp(P). c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt phng (P) th ta ni rng gc gia ng thng a v mp(P) l 900. 3. Gc gia hai mt phng l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt vung gc vi hai mt phng . Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm trong 2 mt phng cng vung gc vi giao tuyn ti 1 im

Q
a

H
A

a'

b'

a'

a P

b Q

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4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H) trong mp(P) v S l din tch hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn mp(P) th

S' = Scos j

trong j l gc gia hai mt phng (P),(P).

j B

N TP 3 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 12 A. TH TCH KHI A DIN I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din: 1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR: V= B.h vi
B : d ie n tc h a y h : c h ie u c a o
h B

a) Th tch khi hp ch nht: V = a.b.c vi a,b,c l ba kch thc

a

b) Th tch khi lp phng: V = a3 vi a l di cnh 2. TH TCH KHI CHP: V= Bh

1 3

c
a

B : dien tch ay vi h : chieu cao 3. T S TH TCH T DIN: Cho khi t din SABC v A, B, C l cc im ty ln lt thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:

S C' A'

VSA ' B ' C '

VSABC

SA SB SC = SA ' SB ' SC '

B' C B

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A'

h B + B'+ BB' 3 B, B' : dien tch hai ay vi h : chieu cao V=

B' C'

Ch : 1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 , ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 , ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d = a 2 + b2 + c 2 , 2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =

a 3 2

3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng nhau ( hoc c y l a gic u, hnh chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca y). 4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u. II/ Bi tp: Ni dung chnh LOI 1: 1) Dng 1:

TH TCH LNG TR

Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y

V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr. Li gii: Ta c VABC vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA' ^ AB VAA 'B AA '2 = A'B2 - AB2 = 8a2 AA ' = 2a 2 Vy V = B.h = SABC .AA' = a3 2

a 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny. ?

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D' A' B' 4a D A B 5a C C'

Li gii: ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn BD2 = BD'2 - DD'2 = 9a2 BD = 3a 3a ABCD l hnh vung AB = 2 2 9a Suy ra B = SABCD = 4 Vy V = B.h = SABCD.AA' = 9a3

V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr. Li gii: Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c V ABC u nn
AI = A 'I ^ BC(dl3 ^) 2S 1 SA'BC = BC.A 'I A 'I = A'BC = 4 2 BC AA ' ^ (ABC) AA ' ^ AI .
AB 3 = 2 3 & AI ^ BC 2

A'

C'

B'

A I B

VA 'AI AA ' = A 'I2 - AI2 = 2 Vy : VABC.ABC = SABC .AA'= 8 3

V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.

D'

C'

D'

D' D
A' D B' C

A'
A B

A
A'

Gii C' Theo bi, ta c C C' AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = 12 cm nn ABCD l hnh vung c AB = 44 cm - 24 cm = 20 cm v chiu cao hp h = 12 cm B B' Vy th tch hp l V = SABCD.h = 4800cm3 B'

V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng

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600 ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho nh ca lng tr. Tnh th tch hnh hp . Li gii: Ta c tam gic ABD u nn : BD = a v SABCD = 2SABD =
A' D B' C

D'

C'

a2 3 2

Theo bi BD' = AC = 2

60

a 3 =a 3 2 VDD'B DD' = BD'2 - BD2 = a 2 a3 6 Vy V = SABCD.DD' = 2

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng c y l tam gic u bit rng tt c cc cnh ca lng tr bng a. Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca lng tr. a3 3 S: V = ; S = 3a2 4 Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c y l t gic u cnh a bit rng BD' = a 6 . Tnh th tch ca lng tr. s: V = 2a3 Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng t gic c y l hnh thoi m cc ng cho l 6cm v 8cm bit rng chu vi y bng 2 ln chiu cao lng tr.Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt ca lng tr. s: V = 240cm3 v S = 248cm2 Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng tam gic c di cc cnh y l 37cm ; 13cm ;30cm v bit tng din tch cc mt bn l 480 cm2 . Tnh th tch lng tr . s: V = 1080 cm3 Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A ,bit rng chiu cao lng tr l 3a v mt bn AA'B'B c ng cho l 5a . Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = 24a3 Bi 6: Cho lng tr ng t gic u c tt c cc cnh bng nhau v bit tng din tch cc mt ca lng tr bng 96 cm2 .Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = 64 cm3 Bi 7: Cho lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh y l 19,20,37 v chiu cao ca khi lng tr bng trung bnh cng cc cnh y. Tnh th tch ca lng tr. s: V = 2888 Bi 8: Cho khi lp phng c tng din tch cc mt bng 24 m2 . Tnh th tch khi lp phng s: V = 8 m3 Bi 9: Cho hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc t l thun vi 3,4,5 bit rng di mt ng cho ca hnh hp l 1 m.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht. s: V = 0,4 m3
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Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ch nht bit rng cc ng cho ca cc mt ln lt l 5; 10; 13 . Tnh th tch khi hp ny . s: V = 6

2)Dng 2:

Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng.

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 600 . Tnh th tch lng tr.
A' C'

B'

A 60o B

Li gii: Ta c A 'A ^ (ABC) A 'A ^ AB& AB l hnh chiu ca A'B trn y ABC . Vy gc[A 'B,(ABC)] = ' = 60o ABA VABA ' AA ' = AB.tan 600 = a 3 1 a2 SABC = BA.BC = 2 2 a3 3 Vy V = SABC.AA' = 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A vi AC = a , ACB = 60 o bit BC' hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 300. Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr. Li gii: VABC AB = AC.tan60o = a 3 . Ta c: AB ^ AC;AB ^ AA' AB ^ (AA'C'C) nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C). Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] = = 30o BC'A AB VAC'B AC' = = 3a t an30o V =B.h = SABC.AA' VAA 'C' AA' = AC'2 - A 'C'2 = 2a 2 a2 3 VABC l na tam gic u nn SABC = 2 3 Vy V = a 6

A'

C'

B'

30o

a o 60 B

V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a

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v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi y ABCD mt gc 300. Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .

C' D' A'

B'

C D a

o 30 A

Gii: Ta c ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn ta c: DD' ^ (ABCD) DD' ^ BD v BD l hnh chiu ca BD' trn ABCD . Vy gc [BD';(ABCD)] = = 300 DBD' a 6 VBDD' DD' = BD.tan 300 = 3 3 a 6 4a 2 6 Vy V = SABCD.DD' = S = 4SADD'A' = 3 3

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v = 60o bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30o . BAD Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.

B'

C'

Gii
VABD u cnh a SABD =
C

A'

D' B

o 30 A 60 o

D a

a2 3 2 VABB' vung tiB BB' = ABt an30o = a 3 3a3 Vy V = B.h = SABCD .BB' = 2 SABCD = 2SABD =

a2 3 4

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung cn ti B bit A'C = a v A'C hp vi mt bn (AA'B'B) mt gc 30o . Tnh th tch lng tr a3 2 S: V = 16 Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti B bit BB' = AB = a v B'C hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 30o . Tnh th tch lng tr. a3 3 S: V = 2 Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit AB' hp vi mt bn (BCC'B') mt gc 30o . 3 Tnh di AB' v th tch lng tr . S: AB' = a 3 ; V = a 3 2 Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti A bit
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AC = a v = 60o bit BC' hp vi mt bn (AA'C'C) mt gc 30o . ACB

3a 2 3 Tnh th tch lng tr v din tch tam gic ABC'. S: V = a 6 , S = 2 Bi 5: Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC A'B'C' c khong cch t A n mt phng (A'BC) bng a v AA' hp vi mt phng (A'BC) mt gc 300 . 32a 3 Tnh th tch lng tr S: V = 9 Bi 6: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c ng cho A'C = a v bit rng A'C hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30o v hp vi (ABB'A') mt gc 45o . a3 2 Tnh th tch ca khi hp ch nht. s: V = 8 Bi 7: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung . Gi O l tm ca ABCD v OA' = a .Tnh th tch ca khi hp khi: 1) ABCD A'B'C'D' l khi lp phng . 2) OA' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o . 3) A'B hp vi (AA'CC') mt gc 30o. 2a 3 6 a3 3 4a 3 3 s:1) V = ;2) V = ;3) V = 9 4 9 Bi 8: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v BD' = a . Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y: 1) BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o . a3 3 a3 2 2) BD' hp vi mt bn (AA'D'D) mt gc 30o . s: 1)V = 2)V = 16 8 Bi 9: Chiu cao ca lng tr t gic u bng a v gc ca 2 ng cho pht xut t mt nh ca 2 mt bn k nhau l 60o.Tnh th tch lng tr v tng din tch cc mt ca lng tr . s: V = a3 v S = 6a2 Bi 10 : Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AB = a ; AD = b ; AA' = c v BD' = AC' = CA' = a 2 + b2 + c2 1) Chng minh ABCD A'B'C'D' l hp ch nht. 2) Gi x,y,z l gc hp bi mt ng cho v 3 mt cng i qua mt ng thuc ng cho. Chng minh rng sin 2 x + sin 2 y + sin 2 z = 1 .
3

3) Dng 3:

Lng tr ng c gc gia 2 mt phng

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.

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A' C'

Li gii: Ta c A 'A ^ (ABC)& BC ^ AB BC ^ A 'B Vy gc[(A 'BC),(ABC)] = ' = 60o ABA VABA ' AA ' = AB.tan 600 = a 3 1 a2 SABC = BA.BC = 2 2 a3 3 Vy V = SABC.AA' = 2

B'

A o 60 B

V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt (ABC) to vi y mt gc 300 v din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr. Gii: VABC u AI ^ BC m AA' ^ (ABC) nn A'I ^ BC (l 3 ^ ). Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] = A 'IA = 30o
2x 3 = x 3 .Ta c 2 2 AI 2 x 3 DA' AI : A' I = AI : cos 30 0 = = = 2x 3 3

A'

C'

B'

Gi s BI = x AI =

30o xI

3 =x 3 Vy VABC.ABC = CI.AI.AA = x3 3 M SABC = BI.AI = x.2x = 8 x = 2 Do VABC.ABC = 8 3

AA = AI.tan 300 = x 3.

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng (BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

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C' B' D' A'

60 0

D O A B
a

Gi O l tm ca ABCD . Ta c ABCD l hnh vung nn OC ^ BD CC' ^ (ABCD) nn OC' ^ BD (l 3 ^ ). Vy gc[(BDC');(ABCD)] = COC' = 60o Ta c V = B.h = SABCD.CC' ABCD l hnh vung nn SABCD = a2 a 6 VOCC' vung nn CC' = OC.tan60o = 2 3 a 6 Vy V = 2

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht. Ta c AA' ^ (ABCD) AC l hnh chiu ca A'C trn (ABCD) . Vy gc[A'C,(ABCD)] = = 30o A 'CA BC ^ AB BC ^ A'B (l 3 ^ ) . Vy gc[(A'BC),(ABCD)] = = 60o A 'BA o VA 'AC AC = AA'.cot30 = 2a 3 2a 3 VA 'AB AB = AA'.cot60o = 3 4a 6 VABC BC = AC2 - AB2 = 3 3 16a 2 Vy V = AB.BC.AA' = 3

A' B' 2a C'

D'

A o 60 B o 30 C

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = a bit ng cho A'C hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30o v mt (A'BC) hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 . 2a 3 2 Tnh th tch hp ch nht. s: V = 3 Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v cnh bn bng a bit rng mt (ABC'D') hp vi y mt gc 30o.Tnh th tch khi lng tr. s: V = 3a3 Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B v AC = 2a bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = a 3 2 Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi AB = AC = a v = 120o bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o. BAC a3 3 Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = 8
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Bi 5: : Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v BB' = AB = h bit rng (B'AC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch h3 2 lng tr. s: V = 4 Bi 6: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC u bit cnh bn AA' = a Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y: 1) Mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o . 2) A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o. 3) Chiu cao k t A' ca tam gic A'BC bng di cnh y ca lng tr. a3 3 s: 1) V = a 3 3 ; 2) V = ; V = a3 3 4 Bi 7: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh bn AA' = 2a .Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y: 1) Mt (ACD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o . 2) BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 . 3) Khong cch t D n mt (ACD') bng a . 16a 3 s: 1) V = 16a3 . 2) V = 12a3 .3) V = 3 Bi 8: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y: 1)Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o . 2)Tam gic BDC' l tam gic u. 3)AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 450 a3 6 s: 1) V = ; 2) V = a 3 ; V = a 3 2 2 Bi 9: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A = 60o .Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y: 1)Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o . a 2)Khong cch t C n (BDC') bng 2 0 3)AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45 3a 3 3 3a 3 2 3a 3 V= s: 1) ; 2) V = ;V= 4 8 2 Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c BD' = 5a ,BD = 3a Tnh th tch khi hp trong cc trng hp sau y: 1) AB = a 2) BD' hp vi AA'D'D mt gc 30o 3) (ABD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 300 s: 1) V = 8a 3 2 ; 2) V = 5a 3 11 ; V = 16a 3 4) Dng 4:

Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
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Th tch khi a din www.mathvn.com

u cnh a , bit cnh bn l a 3 v hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o . Tnh th tch lng tr. Li gii: Ta c C'H ^ (ABC) CH l hnh chiu ca CC' trn (ABC) Vy gc[CC',(ABC)] = = 60o C'CH 3a VCHC' C'H = CC'.sin 600 = 2 2 a 3 3a 3 3 SABC = = .Vy V = SABC.C'H = 4 8

A' B'

C'

A a B

o 60 H

V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 . 1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht. 2) Tnh th tch lng tr .

A'

C'

B'

60o C a O B H

Li gii: 1) Ta c A 'O ^ (ABC) OA l hnh chiu ca AA' trn (ABC) Vy gc[AA ',(ABC)] = OAA ' = 60o Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt bn ca lng tr) AO ^ BC ti trung im H ca BC nn BC ^ A 'H (l 3 ^ ) BC ^ (AA 'H) BC ^ AA ' m AA'//BB' nn BC ^ BB' .Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht. 2 2a 3 a 3 2) VABC u nn AO = AH = = 3 3 2 3 VAOA ' A 'O = AO t an60o = a a3 3 Vy V = SABC.A'O = 4

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi

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AB = 3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA) ln lt to vi y nhng gc 450 v 600. . Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1. Li gii: K AH ^ ( ABCD ) ,HM ^ AB , HN ^ AD A' M ^ AB, A' N ^ AD (l 3 ^ )
= 45o ,A'NH = 60o A'MH

D' C'

A' B'

D N A C H M

t AH = x . Khi 2x AN = x : sin 600 = 3 AN =

AA' 2 - A' N 2 = 3 - 4x 2 = HM 3

M HM = x.cot 450 = x 3 - 4x 2 3 x= Ngha l x = 3 7 Vy VABCD.ABCD = AB.AD.x 3 =3 = 3. 7. 7

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C'c cc cnh y l 13;14;15v bit cnh bn bng 2a hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o . Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = a 3 2 Bi 2: Cho lng tr ABCD A'B'C'D'c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v bit cnh bn bng 8 hp vi y ABC mt gc 30o.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =336 Bi 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D'c AB =a;AD =b;AA' = c v = 30o v BAD o bit cnh bn AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .Tnh th tch lng tr. Bi 4 : Cho lng tr tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a v 2a 3 a3 3 im A' cch u A,B,C bit AA' = .Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V = 3 4 Bi 5: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , nh A' c hnh chiu trn (ABC) nm trn ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC bit mt bb BB'C'C hp vio y ABC mt gc 60o . 1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht. 3a 3 3 2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABC A'B'C'. s: V = 8 Bi 6: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Cnh b CC' = a hp vi y ABC 1 gc 60o v C' c hnh chiu trn ABC trng vi O . 1) Chng minh rng AA'B'B l hnh ch nht. Tnh din tch AA'B'B. a2 3 3a 3 3 2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABCA'B'C'. s: 1) S = 2) V = 2 8
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Bi 7: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit chn ng vung gc h t A' trn ABC trng vi trung im ca BC v AA' = a. 1) Tm gc hp bi cnh bn vi y lng tr. a3 3 2) Tnh th tch lng tr. s: 1) 30o 2) V = 8 Bi 8: Cho lng tr xin ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Hnh chiu ca C' trn (ABC) l O.Tnh th tch ca lng tr bit rng khong cch t O n CC' l a v 2 mt bn AA'C'Cv BB'C'C hp vi nhau mt gc 90o 27a 3 s: V = 4 2 Bi 9: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c 6 mt l hnh thoi cnh a,hnh chiu vung gc ca A' trn(ABCD) nm trong hnh thoi,cc cnh xut pht t A ca hp i mt to vi nhau mt gc 60o . 1) Chng minh rng H nm trn ng cho AC ca ABCD. 2) Tnh din tch cc mt cho ACC'A' v BDD'B'. a3 2 3) Tnh th tch ca hp. s: 2) SACC'A' = a 2 2;SBDD'B' = a 2 . 3) V = 2 Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc A = 60o chn ng vung gc h t B' xung ABCD trng vi giao im 2 ng cho y bit BB' = a. 1)Tm gc hp bi cnh bn v y. 2)Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh hp. 3a 3 o s: 1) 60 2) V = &S = a 2 15 4

LOI 2: 1) Dng 1:

TH TCH KHI CHP

Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC) v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch hnh chp . Li gii: Ta c (ABC) ^ (SBC) AC ^ (SBC) (ASC) ^ (SBC)
1 1 a2 3 a3 3 Do V = SSBC .AC = a= 3 3 4 12

a_ B / / S \

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V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi y mt gc 60o. 1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung . 2)Tnh th tch hnh chp . Li gii: 1) SA ^ (ABC) SA ^ AB &SA ^ AC m BC ^ AB BC ^ SB ( l 3 ^ ). Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung. 2) Ta c SA ^ (ABC) AB l hnh chiu ca SB trn (ABC). Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] = = 60o . SAB a VABC vung cn nn BA = BC = 2 2 1 a SABC = BA.BC = 2 4 a 6 VSAB SA = AB.t an60o = 2 2 1 1 a a 6 a3 6 Vy V = SABC .SA = = 3 34 2 24

A 60o

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp . Li gii: Ml trung im ca BC,v tam gic ABC u nn AM ^ BC SA ^ BC (l3 ^ ) . Vy gc[(SBC);(ABC)] = = 60o . SMA 1 1 Ta c V = B.h = SABC .SA 3 3 3a VSAM SA = AM tan 60o = 2 1 1 a3 3 Vy V = B.h = SABC .SA = 3 3 8

A 60 o a B M

V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o. 1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. 2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).

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Th tch khi a din www.mathvn.com

S H

60

o D

Li gii: 1)Ta c SA ^ (ABC) v CD ^ AD CD ^ SD ( l 3 ^ ).(1) Vy gc[(SCD),(ABCD)] = SDA = 60o . VSAD vung nn SA = AD.tan60o = a 3 1 1 a3 3 Vy V = SABCD .SA = a2a 3 = 3 3 3 2) Ta dng AH ^ SD ,v CD ^ (SAD) (do (1) ) nn CD ^ AH AH ^ (SCD) Vy AH l khong cch t A n (SCD). 1 1 1 1 1 4 VSAD = + = 2+ 2= 2 2 2 2 AH SA AD 3a a 3a a 3 Vy AH = 2

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA=BC=a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30o. a3 2 Tnh th tch hnh chp . s: V = 6 Bi 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y (ABC) v SA = h ,bit rng tam gic ABC u v mt (SBC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 30o .Tnh th h3 3 tch khi chp SABC . s: V = 3 Bi 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung ti A v SB vung gc vi y ABC bit SB = a,SC hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30o v (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 60o .Chng minh rng SC2 = SB2 + AB2 + AC2 Tnh th tch hnh chp. a3 3 s: V = 27 Bi 4: Cho t din ABCD c AD ^ (ABC) bit AC = AD = 4 cm,AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm. 1) Tnh th tch ABCD. s: V = 8 cm3 12 2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (BCD). s: d = 34 Bi 5: Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi BC = 2a , gc = 120o , bit SA ^ (ABC) v mt (SBC) hp vi y mt gc 45o . BAC a3 Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s: V = 9 Bi 6: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung bit SA ^ (ABCD),SC = a v SC hp vi y mt gc 60o Tnh th tch khi chp. a3 3 s: V = 48 Bi 7: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht bit rng
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SA ^ (ABCD) , SC hp vi y mt gc 45o v AB = 3a , BC = 4a Tnh th tch khi chp. s: V = 20a3 Bi 8: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A bng 60o v SA ^ (ABCD) ,bit rng khong cch t A n cnh SC = a. a3 2 Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. s: V = 4 Bi 9: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B bit AB = BC = a , AD = 2a , SA ^ (ABCD) v (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o a3 6 Tnh th thch khi chp SABCD. s: V = 2 Bi 10 : Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R bit mt (SBC) hp vi y ABCD 3R3 o mt gc 45 .Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. s: V = 4 2) Dng 2 :

Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng vung gc vi yABCD, 1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. 2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. Li gii: 1) Gi H l trung im ca AB. VSAB u SH ^ AB m (SAB) ^ (ABCD) SH ^ (ABCD) Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp. a 3 2) Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA = 2 3 1 a 3 suy ra V = SABCD .SH = 3 6

A B H a C

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung cn ti D , (ABC) ^ (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD) mt gc 60o . Tnh th tch t din ABCD.

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A

Li gii: Gi H l trung im ca BC. Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH ^ (BCD) , m (ABC) ^ (BCD) AH ^ (BCD) .
a

B H C 60 o D

Ta c AH ^ HD AH = AD.tan60o = a 3 a 3 & HD = AD.cot60o = 3 2a 3 VBCD BC = 2HD = suy ra 3 1 1 1 a3 3 V = SBCD .AH = . BC.HD.AH = 3 3 2 9

V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt y mt gc 450. a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC. b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.

H A 45 I C

Li gii: a) K SH ^ BC v mp(SAC) ^ mp(ABC) nn SH ^ mp(ABC). Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca H trn AB v BC SI ^ AB, SJ ^ BC, theo gi thit = SJH = 45o SIH Ta c: DSHI = DSHJ HI = HJ nn BH l ng phn gic ca VABC suy ra H l trung im ca AC. a 1 a3 S ABC .SH = b) HI = HJ = SH = VSABC= 2 3 12

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC u cnh a, tam gic SBC cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABC). 1) Chng minh chn ng cao ca chp l trung im ca BC. a3 3 2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s: V = 24 Bi 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung cn ti A vi AB = AC = a bit tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABC) ,mt phng a3 o (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 45 . Tnh th tch ca SABC. s: V = 12

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Th tch khi a din www.mathvn.com Bi 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c = 90o ;ABC = 30o ; SBC l tam gic u BAC a2 2 cnh a v (SAB) ^ (ABC). Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s: V = 24 Bi 4: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u;tam gic SBC c ng cao SH = h v (SBC) ^ (ABC). Cho bit SB hp vi mt (ABC) mt gc 30o .Tnh 4h3 3 th tch hnh chp SABC. s: V = 9 Bi 5: T din ABCD c ABC v BCD l hai tam gic u ln lt nm trong hai a3 6 mt phng vung gc vi nhau bit AD = a.Tnh th tch t din. s: V = 36 Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung . Mt bn SAB l tam gic u c ng cao SH = h ,nm trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD, 1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. 4h3 2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD . s: V = 9 Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht , tam gic SAB u cnh a nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABCD) bit (SAC) hp vi (ABCD) a3 3 mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. s: V = 4 Bi 8: Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht c AB = 2a , BC = 4a, SAB ^ (ABCD) , hai mt bn (SBC) v (SAD) cng hp vi y ABCD mt gc 8a3 3 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. s: V = 9 Bi 9: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi vi AC = 2BD = 2a v tam gic SAD vung cn ti S , nm trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Tnh a3 5 th tch hnh chp SABCD. s: V = 12 Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AD = CD = a ; AB = 2a bit tam gic SAB u nm trong mt phng vung gc a3 3 vi (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD . s: V = 2 3) Dng 3 : Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a. Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic u ABC.Tnh th tch chp u SABC . Li gii: Dng SO ^ (ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC suy ra OA = OB = OC Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC. Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
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S 2a

AO =

2 2a 3 a 3 AH = = 3 3 2 3

VSAO SO2 = SA 2 - OA 2 =
C

A O B

a 11 1 a3 11 SO = .Vy V = SABC .SO = 3 12 3

11a2 3

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a . 1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u. 2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. Li gii: Dng SO ^ (ABCD) Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn OA = OB = OC = OD ABCD l hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi tip nn ABCD l hnh vung . Ta c SA2 + SB2 = AB2 +BC2 = AC2 nn V ASC vung ti S OS =
B

D O A a

a 2 2 1 1 2 a 2 a3 2 = V = S ABCD .SO = a 3 3 2 6

Vy V =

a3 2 6

V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC. a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD. b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC. Li gii: a) Gi O l tm ca DABC DO ^ ( ABC ) 1 V = S ABC .DO 3 a2 3 2 a 3 S ABC = , OC = CI = 4 3 3 a 6 DDOC vung c : DO = DC 2 - OC 2 = 3 1 a2 3 a 6 a3 2 V = . = 3 4 3 12
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Th tch khi a din www.mathvn.com

D M

b) K MH// DO, khong cch t M n mp(ABC) l MH 1 a 6 MH = DO = 2 6

VMABC
C

A O I B H a

1 1 a 2 3 a 6 a3 2 = S ABC .MH = . = 3 3 4 6 24

Vy V =

a3 2 24

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc 3a3 o 60 . Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 16 Bi 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn l 45o. a 1) Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp SABC . s: SH = 3 a3 2) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s: V = 6 Bi 3: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y a3 3 mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s: V = 24 Bi 4 : Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30o . h3 3 Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 3 Bi 5 : Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh h3 3 bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 8 = 60o . Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v ASB a2 3 1) Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp u. s: S = 3 3 a 2 2) Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 6 Bi 7 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn 2h3 bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 3 o Bi 8: Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45 v khong cch t chn ng cao ca chp n mt bn bng a.
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8a3 3 3 Bi 9: Cho hnh chp t gic u c cnh bn bng a hp vi y mt gc 60o. a3 3 Tnh th tch hnh chp. s: V = 12 Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca hnh chp ny khi th tch ca 9a3 2 n bng V = . s: AB = 3a 2 4) Dng 4 : Khi chp & phng php t s th tch

Tnh th tch hnh chp .

s: V =

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B, AC = a 2 , SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA = a 1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC. 2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( a ) qua AG v song song vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN Li gii:
S

a)Ta c: VS . ABC =

1 S ABC .SA v SA = a 3

N A M I B G C

+ DABC cn c : AC = a 2 AB = a 1 1 1 a3 S ABC = a 2 Vy: VSABC = . a 2 .a = 2 3 2 6 b) Gi I l trung im BC. SG 2 = G l trng tm,ta c : SI 3 SM SN SG 2 = = = a // BC MN// BC SB SC SI 3

VSAMN SM SN 4 = . = VSABC SB SC 9

4 2a 3 VSAMN = VSABC = Vy: 9 27

V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB = a . Trn ng thng qua C v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly im D sao cho CD = a . Mt phng qua C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E. a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD. b) Chng minh CE ^ ( ABD) c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

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? Li gii:
D F a E C a A B

1 a a)Tnh VABCD : VABCD = SABC .CD = 3 6 b)Tac: AB ^ AC , AB ^ CD AB ^ ( ACD ) AB ^ EC Ta c: DB ^ EC EC ^ ( ABD )

3

c) Tnh VDCEF :Ta c:

VDCEF DE DF = . (*) VDABC DA DB

M DE.DA = DC 2 , chia cho DA2

DE DC 2 a2 1 = = 2 = 2 DA DA 2a 2 2 DF DC a2 1 = = = Tng t: 2 2 2 DB DB DC + CB 3

T(*)

VDCEF 1 1 a3 = .Vy VDCEF = VABCD = VDABC 6 6 36

V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng (a ) qua A, B v trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia bi mt phng . Li gii: K MN // CD (N SD) th hnh thang ABMN l thit din ca khi chp khi ct bi mt phng (ABM). +
M D O A

VSAND SN 1 1 1 = = VSANB = VSADB = VSABCD VSADB SD 2 2 4

VSBMN SM SN 1 1 1 1 1 = . = . = VSBMN = VSBCD = VSABCD VSBCD SC SD 2 2 4 4 8 3 M VSABMN = VSANB + VSBMN = VSABCD . 8 5 Suy ra VABMN.ABCD = VSABCD 8 VSABMN 3 Do : = V ABMN . ABCD 5

V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn o to vi y gc 60 . Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
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a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF) b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF Li gii: a) Gi I = SO AM . Ta c (AEMF) //BD EF // BD b) VS . ABCD =
M E

1 S ABCD .SO vi S ABCD = a 2 3

a 6 2

o + VSOA c : SO = AO.tan 60 =

I C F O

Vy : VS . ABCD
D

a3 6 = 6

c) Phn chia chp t gic ta c VS . AEMF = VSAMF + VSAME =2VSAMF

VS . ABCD = 2VSACD = 2 VSABC

Xt khi chp S.AMF v S.ACD SM 1 = Ta c : SC 2 DSAC c trng tm I, EF // BD nn:

V SM SF 1 SI SF 2 . = = = SAMF = VSACD SC SD 3 SO SD 3

VSAMF

1 1 a3 6 = VSACD = VSACD = 3 6 36

VS . AEMF

a3 6 a3 6 =2 = 36 18

V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc y, SA = a 2 . Gi B, D l hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt phng (ABD) ct SC ti C. a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. b) Chng minh SC ^ ( AB ' D ') c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD

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Li gii:
S

a) Ta c: VS . ABCD

C' D' A O D C I

B'

b) Ta c BC ^ ( SAB ) BC ^ AB ' & SB ^ AB ' Suy ra: AB ' ^ ( SBC ) nn AB' ^ SC .Tng t AD' ^ SC. Vy SC ^ (AB'D') c) Tnh VS . A B ' C ' D '
B

1 a3 2 = S ABCD .SA = 3 3

+Tnh VS . AB 'C ' : Ta c:

VSAB'C' SB ' SC ' = . (*) VSABC SB SC

SC ' 1 = SC 2 SB ' SA2 2a 2 2a 2 2 = = = = Ta c: SB SB 2 SA2 + AB 2 3a 2 3

DSAC vung cn nn

T (* )

V SA B 'C ' 1 = V SABC 3

1 a3 2 a3 2 = . = 3 3 9

VSAB ' C '

+ VS . A B 'C ' D ' = 2VS . A B ' C '

2a 3 2 = 9

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho t din ABCD. Gi B' v C' ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC. Tnh 1 t s th tch ca khi t din AB'C'D v khi t din ABCD. s: k = 4 3 Bi 2: Cho t din ABCD c th tch 9m ,trn AB,AC,AD ln lt ly cc im B',C',D' sao cho AB = 2AB' ;2AC = 3AD' ;AD = 3AD'. Tnh t tch t din AB'C'D'. s: V = 2 m3 Bi 3: Cho t din u ABCD c cnh a. Ly cc im B';C' trn AB v AC sao a 2a a3 2 cho AB = ;AC' = . Tnh th tch t din AB'C'D . s: V = 2 3 36 Bi 4: Cho t dinABCD c th tch 12 m3 .Gi M,P l trung im ca AB v CD v ly N trn AD sao cho DA = 3NA. Tnh th tch t din BMNP. s: V = 1 m3 Bi 5: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a 3 ,ng cao SA = a.Mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SB ti H v ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch hnh chp SAHK. s: V =

Bi 6: Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 27m3 .Ly A'trn SA sao cho SA = 3SA'. Mt phng qua A' v song song vi y hnh chp ct SB,SC,SD ln lt ti B',C',D' .Tnh th tch hnh chp SA'B'C'D'. s: V = 1 m3
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Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 9m3, ABCD l hnh bnh hnh , ly M trn SA sao cho 2SA = 3SM. Mt phng (MBC) ct SD ti N.Tnh th tch khi a din ABCDMN . s: V = 4m3 Bi 8: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, chiu cao SA = h. Gi N l trung im SC. Mt phng cha AN v song song vi BD ln lt ct a2 h SB,SDF ti M v P. Tnh th tch khi chp SAMNP. s: V = 9 Bi 9 : Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v I l trung im ca SC.Mt phng qua AI v song song vi BD chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn.Tnh 1 t s th tch 2 phn ny. s: k = 2 Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v ly M trn SA SM sao cho = x Tm x mt phng (MBC) chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn c th SA 5 -1 tch bng nhau. s: x = 2 5) Dng 5 :

n tp khi chp v lng tr

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung o gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60 v M l trung im ca SB. 1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD. 2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD. Li gii:
S

a)Ta c V =

1 S ABCD .SA 3

+ S ABCD = (2a) 2 = 4a 2 + DSAC c : SA = AC tan C = 2a 6

A 60o D 2a C H B

1 2 8a3 6 V = 4a .2a 6 = 3 3 b) K MH / / SA MH ^ ( DBC ) 1 1 Ta c: MH = SA , S BCD = S ABCD 2 2 3 1 2a 6 VMBCD = V = 4 3

V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc mt bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60o .Tnh th tch khi chp.
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J A 60 H E B F C

Li gii: H SH ^ ( ABC ) , k HE ^ AB, HF ^ BC, HJ ^ AC suy ra SE ^ AB, SF ^ BC, SJ ^ AC . Ta c = SFH = SJH = 60O SEH DSAH = DSFH = DSJH nn HE =HF = HJ = r ( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip DABC ) Ta c SABC = p( p - a)( p - b)( p - c) a+b+c = 9a Nn SABC = 9.4.3.2 a 2 vi p = 2 S 2 6a Mt khc SABC = p.r r = = p 3 Tam gic vung SHE: 2 6a . 3=2 2 a SH = r.tan 600 = 3 1 2 3 Vy VSABC = 6 6 a .2 2 a = 8 3 a . 3

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c AB = a 3 , AD = a, AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD. a) Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD b) Tnh th tch khi OBBC. c) Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC. Li gii: a) Gi th tch khi hp ch nht l V.
2 3 Ta c : V = AB. AD.AA ' = a 3.a = a 3

A O D C

A' C' D'

B'

DABD c : DB = AB 2 + AD2 = 2a * Khi OABCD c y v ng cao 1 a3 3 ging khi hp nn: VOA' B'C ' D' = V = 3 3 b) M l trung im BC OM ^(BB'C')
1 1 a2 a 3 a3 3 VOBB'C ' = SBB'C ' .OM = . . = 3 3 2 2 12 c) Gi CH l ng cao nh C ca t
din OBBC. Ta c : C ' H =
3VOBB 'C ' SOBB '
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DABD c : DB = AB 2 + AD 2 = 2a
SOBB ' = 1 2 a C ' H = 2a 3 2

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a. Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.

Li gii: Hnh lp phng c chia thnh: khi ACBD v bn khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD, ABAD. +Cc khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD, ABAD c din tch y v chiu cao bng nhau nn c cng th tch.
2 Khi CBDC c V1 = . a .a =

1 1 3 2

1 3 a 6
3

A'

B'

C' D' a

+Khi lp phng c th tch: V2 = a 1 3 1 3 3 VACB ' D ' = a - 4. a = a 6 3

V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a. a) Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC. b) E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th tch khi CABFE. Li gii: a) Khi AB BC:Gi I l trung im AB, 1 1 a 2 a 3 a3 3 VA ' B ' BC = S A ' B ' B .CI = . = 3 3 2 2 12 b)Khi CABFE: phn ra hai khi CEFA v CFAB. +Khi ACEFc y l CEF, ng cao AA nn VA ' CEF =
SCEF

A I

E F C

A' J C'

B'

1 SCEF . A ' A 3

1 a2 3 a3 3 = S ABC = VA 'CEF = 4 16 48
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+Gi J l trung im BC. Ta c khi ABCF c y l CFB, ng cao JA 1 nn VA ' B ' CF = SCFB' . A ' J 3 1 a2 SCFB' = SCBB ' = 2 4 1 a 2 a 3 a3 3 V A ' B ' CF = = 3 4 2 24 + Vy : VCA'B'FE

a3 3 = 16

Bi tp tng t: Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng ABCA1B1C1 c ABC vung. AB = AC = a; AA1 = a 2 . M l trung im AA1. Tnh th tch lng tr MA1BC1
Bi 2: Hnh chp SABCD c ABC vung ti B, SA ^ (ABC). ACB = 60o,
a3 2 s:V = 12
1 4

BC = a, SA = a 3 ,M l trung im SB.Tnh th tch MABC . s: VMABC =

a3

Bi 3: SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi y ln AB = 2, ACB = 90o. SAC v SBD l cc tam gic u c cnh bng 3 . Tnh th tch khi chp 6 SABCD. s: VSABCD = 4

Bi 4: Tnh th tch hnh chp tam gic u SABC trong cc trng hp sau:
2 12 11 b) AB = 1, SA = 2 . s: V = 12 Bi 5. Cho lng tr ABCABC c di cnh bn = 2a, ABC vung ti A, AB = a, AC = a 3 . Hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im BC. a3 Tnh VAABC theo a? s: V = 2 Bi 6: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v SABCD = 3 v gc gia 2 ng cho bng 60o, cc cnh bn nghing u vi y 1 gc 45o. 3 Tnh VSABCD . s: V = 3 o o Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABC c SA = SB = SC = a. ASB = 60 , BSC = 90 , a 2 CSA = 120o.Chng minh rng ABC vung .Tnh VSABC . s: V = 12

a) Cnh y bng 1, gc ABC = 60o .

s: V =

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Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA = a ,SB= a 3 v mt phng (SAB) vung gc mt phng y. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB.BC.Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.BMDN a3 3 s: vS .BMDN = 3 Bi 9: Cho lng tr ng tam gic u ABCABC c cnh y v cnh bn u bng a. M, N, E ln lt l trung im ca BC, CC, CA. Tnh t s th tch hai phn lng tr do (MNE) to ra. s: k = 1 Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a,mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y .Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh SB,BC,CD.Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch ca khi t din CMNP.

a3 3 s : vM .CNP = 96

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