Bài Giảng Công Nghệ Khai Thác Dầu Khí

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA K THUT A CHT V DU KH
---------------oOo---------------

BI GING

PGS. TS. L PHC HO

TP. HCM, Thng 11/2006
MC LC BI GING

STT NI DUNG
1. Gii thiu, yu cu v ni dung mn hc
2. Cc tnh cht ca v cht lu
3. Dng chy trong ging
4. Quy trnh hon thin ging
5. Hon thin ging khai thc
6. Ging a nhnh
7. Cng ngh bn m va
8.
Kho st nhy ca Cc thng s bn m va nh phng php phn tch im
nt
9. Gi dng sn phm
10.
ng dng cng ngh coiled tubing trong o log, bn m va, x l axit v cu s
c
11. Kho st ging
12. Ti u ho th va
13. Cng ngh duy tr p sut va
14. M hnh dch chuyn cht lu trong vi l rng
15. Cc bin php x l nc bm p m Bch H
16. Nguyn nhn gy nhim ban thnh h v hiu ng skin
17. Phng php x l axit
18. Phng php nt va thyy lc
19. Phng php tri n
20. La chn cng ngh x l vng cn y ging m Bch H
21. X l vng cn y ging m Bch H bng nh tng du -axt
22. Phng php khai thc t phun
23. Thit b lng ging
24. Cc h thng thit b khai thc du
25. Tng quan cc phng php khai thc c hc v la chn ti u
26. Phng php gaslift
27. Bm ly tm in chm
28. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng

BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : lphao@hcmut.edu.vn
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GII THIU, YU CU
V NI DUNG MN HC
2 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
NI DUNG MN HC
Tn mn hc: CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
M s mn hc: 300009
Phn phi tit hc: 3 (3.1.6)
+ L thuyt: 42
+ Bi tp & Seminar: 14
Ni dung: Mn hc gii thiu cc nguyn tc c bn trong cng
ngh khai thc du kh bao gm k thut hon thin ging khai thc,
cng ngh v k thut tc ng ln va, cc phng php khai thc
du kh, cng ngh v k thut thu hi du th cp, cc phng
php thit k v ti u ha khai thc du kh t cc m du hoc t
cc ging khai thc du ring bit.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1- L Phc Ho. Bi ging Cng ngh khai thc du kh
2- Phng nh Thc, Dng Danh Lam, L B Tun, Nguyn Vn
Cnh. Cng ngh v k thut khai thc du kh, NXB Gio dc 1999.
3- L Phc Ho. C s khoan v khai thc du kh. NXB HQG TP.
HCM 2002.
4- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Kin Cng. Phng php phn tch h
thng ng dng trong k thut du kh. NXB HQG TP. HCM 2003.
5- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Mnh Thy (dch): Cc vn c bn trong
cng ngh khai thc du kh, XNLD Vietsovpetro, 1996.
6- Petroleum Engineering Handbook, SPE, 1992.
TI LIU THAM KHO
7- Cc ngun hc liu m (cc bi ging in t cc trng i hc,
bi bo, LVTN, LVThS, LVTS)
8- Th vin in t SPE
9- Cc trang web ca cc cng ty du kh (BP, Exxon-Mobil, Shell,
TotalElfFina, Vietsovpetro) v dch v k thut du kh (Schlumberger,
Halliburton, BJ, Transocean, Geoservices, PVDrilling...).
Chng 1: Tng quan v khai thc du kh
1.1. Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Cc ngun nng lng va
1.3. Cc ch khai thc m du
1.4. L thuyt chuyn ng ca dng cht lu trong ng
ng
1.5. Tnh ton tn tht p sut do ma st
1.6. Tnh hnh khai thc du kh trong nc v trn th gii
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.1. i cng v cng tc hon thin ging
2.1.1- Phn loi
2.1.2- Phng php hon thin ging
2.1.3- Tnh ton thit k
2.1.4- Dung dch hon thin ging
2.2. Qui trnh hon thin ging
2.3. Thit b hon thin ging
2.3.1- Thit b bn m va
2.3.2- Thit b lng ging
2.3.3- Thit b u ging
2.3.4- Thit b kim sot dng chy
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.4. Cng ngh bn m va
2.5. Nhng c th trong cng ngh hon thin ging
ngang
2.6. Gi dng sn phm
2.6.1- Nguyn l gi dng
2.6.2- Cc yu cu c bn
2.6.3- Cc phng php gi dng sn phm
2.6.4- Cc yu t nh hng n cng tc gi dng
2.7- Bi tp
Chng 3: Kho st ging
3.1. Mc ch v phng php kho st ging
3.2. Kho st ging lm vic ch n nh
3.3. Kho st ging lm vic ch khng n nh
3.4. Cc phng php kho st khc
3.5. La chn ch lm vic ca ging
3.6. K thut v thit b kho st
Chng 4: Cng ngh duy tr p sut va
4.1. Mc ch v phng php
4.2. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p nc
4.2.1- S b tr cc ging bm p
4.2.2- Cc ngun nc bm p
4.2.3- X l nc bm p
4.2.4- Qui trnh cng ngh bm p nc
4.2.5- H thng thit b bm p nc
4.3. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p kh
Kim tra gia hc k
Chng 5: X l vng cn y ging
5.1. Vn nhim bn tng cha
5.1.1- Nguyn nhn
5.1.2- Cc yu t nh hng chnh
5.1.3- Hiu ng skin
5.2- Tng quan cc phng php x l (c s l thuyt,
i tng p dng, u nhc im)
5.2.1- X l ha hc (axit)
5.2.2- X l c hc
a- Tri n
b- Nt va thy lc (c v khng c ht chn)
c- X l kt hp
Chng 6: Phng php t phun
6.1. Khi nim v s t phun
6.2. Phng php xc nh iu kin t phun
6.3. Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng t phun
6.4. Tnh ton ct ng khai thc
6.5. Thit b lng ging khai thc t phun
6.6. Chn ch khai thc ti u
6.7. S c trong qu trnh t phun v bin php phng
nga
Chng 7: Phng php gaslift
7.1. Nguyn l ca phng php gaslift
7.2. Cc loi thit b gaslift
7.3. Chng loi v c tnh ca cc van gaslift
7.4. Thit k ch lm vic cho ging gaslift
7.5. Ti u ha phng php gaslift
Giao bi tp ln
Chng 8: Bm ly tm in chm
8.1. u nhc im ca phng php
8.2. Thit b
8.2.1- Thit b lng ging
8.2.2- Thit b b mt
8.3. Thit k v chn bm
8.4. Nhng s c thng gp
8.5. Cc bin php nng cao tui th bm ly tm in chm
Giao bi tp ln
Chng 9: Thu hi tng cng
9.1. Tm quan trng
9.2. S phn b ca du d trong va
9.3. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng
9.4. La chn phng php thch hp
+ Kho st cc phn mm chuyn ngnh
+ Np cc bi tp ln (tnh ton thit k)
+ Thi hc k
Chng 10: Nhng thnh tu mi
Production Facilities
Sand Control
Coiled Tubing
Multiphase Pumps
Downhole Separators
Marginal Field Development...
HNH THC NH GI MN HC
1. Kim tra thng k (10%), gia k (20%), v cui k
(50%) bng hnh thc trc nghim khch quan trn
mng
2. Bi tp ln (10%): 2 bi tp tnh ton thit k (np bi
trc khi kt thc hc k)
3. Seminar (10%): mi SV (hoc nhm SV) chn 1 ch
(nng cao, m rng phn l thuyt c trong chng
trnh, hay ng dng thc t...), ng k vo u hc k,
nhn ti liu v chun b bo co trc lp (10 pht)
v tr li cc cu hi lin quan.
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CAC TNH CHAT
CUA A VA CHAT IUU
l. Cuc tnh chut cou Dvu tuc dong don dong chuy
2. Cuc tnh chut cou oo chut vu
3.Ho phoong trnh mo tu dong chuy trong vu
Nl D|NC
Cac tnh chat cua va va chat lu
l. Do rong
2. Do thum
3. Do buo hou
4. 1nh muo dun
5. 1nh dnh oot
6. So thuy do tho tch thoo up sout
7. Ap sout vu
8. Nhot do vu
- 1rong dut du oon ton tu nhong o hong, kho
not khong chou nhong vut run
- 1hoc to, dut du cong chuc vu on kho co tho
xom nho khong co o rong, con dut du mom, ro,
du nhoo kho not co do rong on
o rong
o rong toan pban
Do rong toun phun boo th bung ty so gou tong tho
tch khong gun rong cou kho du vu tong tho tch
thoc cou kho du
r
the tch rong V
the tch khoi a V
=
o rong hieu dung
Do rong hoo dong boo th bung ty so tong tho tch
khong gun rong cou kho du cho phop chut oo
tkh, duo, nooc) chuy qou tron tong tho tch thoc
cou kho du
=
hd
hd
the tch hieu dung V
the tch khoi a V
o rong hieu dung
- Cu tr do rong hoo dong dong do tnh toun tro oong vu
oo oong khu thuc cou gong. lhun ou do rong hoo dong:
+ 0%-5%: khong dung ko
+ 5%-l0%: nghoo houc thup
+ l0%-l5%: khu houc trong bnh
+ l5-20%: tot houc cuo
+ tron 20%: rut tot
- Noo do rong vu qou thup, co tho so dong cuc phoong
phup not vu do tung do thum
Xac dinb do rong
Co trnh xuc dnh do rong cou dut du trong phong th
nghom:
- Suy kho muo o l05
0
C trong 8h do kho oong khong
thuy do
- So sunh kho oong cou muo kho vu muo oot, tm dooc
kho oong oo chut chou trong muo, to do soy ru dooc
do rong cou muo
o bao boa cbat Ioo trong va
Do buo hou chut oo trong vu u ty so gou tho tch
chut oo chou trong cuc o rong vu tho tch o rong
=
cl
r
V
S
V
1oong ong vo mo phu duo, kh, nooc tu un oot co
do buo hou duo, kh vu nooc toong ong
Vu:
=
o
o
r
V
S
V
=
w
w
r
V
S
V
=
g
g
r
V
S
V
g
o w
o g w
r r r
V
V V
S S S 1
V V V
+ + = + + =
o bao boa cbat Ioo trong va
Qoan bc gioa do tbam toong doi va do bao boa
Qoan bc gioa do bao boa va ap soat
hhunu lo ronu tronu da duJc xem tuJnu tu nhu
nhunu onu mao dan co kich thuJc nho
Khi lo ronu tronu da co kich thuJc nho, luc canu be
mat uav ra bJi chat luu co tinh dinh uJt da chiem uu
the se uav ra su chenh a uiua 2 chat luu dau nuJc
uua be mat nav
Tnb mao dan
Ap suat mao dan
Du co tho co tnh dnh oot duo houc nooc chom oo tho, v vuy thoo
qoy ooc, up sout muo dun duo - nooc u up sout phu duo tro up sout phu
nooc
1oong to, tu co up sout muo dun gou phu kh phu nooc
u:
Vu up sout muo dun gou phu kh vu phu duo u:
c(g o) g o
P P P
=
c(o w) o w
P P P
=
c(g w) g w
P P P
=
Qoan bc gioa AS mao dan do bao boa cbat Ioo
- Do thum u mot trong nhong tnh chut qoun trong
cou dut du chou duo kh, duc trong cho khu nung
cho chut oo chuy qou ho thong o rong on thong
nhuo
- Do thum dooc boo th qou ho so thum k ch pho
thooc vuo mo troong o rong mu khong pho thooc
vuo chut oo thum qou no
o tbam
Cac loai o tham
- Do thum toyot do u do thum cou du o doo
kon buo hou l00% mot ou chut oo
- Do thum hoo dong u do thum cou du vo mot
chut oo co do buo hou nho hon l00%
- 1ong cuc do thum hoo dong oon nho hon do
thum toyot do
w o
k k k + <
Do thum toong do u ty so gou do thum hoo dong
vu do thum toyot do
w
rw
k
k
k
=
o
ro
k
k
k
=
Cac Ioai do tbam
o thamtng oi
- Mo qoun ho gou tnh thum toong do vo duc tnh cou du
tung chou nho cuo troc o rong, ou du, dung hnh hoc u
rut phoc tup
- Du co do rong on so co do buo hou nooc gou hut thup bo
v huo nho tut cu cuc o rong doo co tho cho cu hu phu duo
vu nooc d qou vu do thum toong do cou duo o trung thu
buo hou nooc do bun duo u khu on
Hang so C
- 1nh chut cou mo troong rong dooc duc trong
bo kch thooc hut trong bnh d, cuc yoo to do
rong, dung hut, phun bo vu sup xop hutvu dooc
tho hon bung mot hung so khong tho ngoyon C
- Ho so thum k co tho xuc dnh doo dung:
2
k Cd =
nh luat thamDarcy
1hong thoong, ho so thum k dooc tnh dou vuo
dnh out thum Durcy:
Soy ru:
( )
k
V p z
= +
ur ur
Q .l
k
A p

He so thamtng ng
1rong thoc to, do thum thoong thuy do thoo
phoong tngung vu thung dong). V vuy ho so thum
toong doong dooc tnh:
+ 1hoo phoong ngung
+ 1hoo phoong thung dong
i
i 1
t
i
i 1
i
L
k
L
k
=
=
=
i i
i 1
t
i
i 1
k .h
k
h
=
=
=

- So toong tuc gou bo mut cou du vu chut oo chou trong o rong co unh
hoong on don so phun bo cou chut oo vu tnh chut dong chuy trong vu
- Kh hu phu chut oo khong hou tun vo nhuo, trong mo troong rong
cong top xoc vo du th thoong mot trong hu phu hup pho on bo mut
du munh hon phu ku
- lhu hup pho munh hon dooc go u phu dnh oot con phu ku go u
phu khong dnh oot
- 1nh dnh oot qoyot dnh don so phun bo chut oo trong mo troong o
rong vu co unh hoong troc top don cuc tnh chut thoy dong oc hoc
qoun trong cou du chou duo kh nho do thum toong do, hoo qou cou
qou trnh duy duo vu ho so tho ho duo
Tnb dnb oot
Tnb ncn
- 1rong doo kon vu, nhot do dooc xom nho t thuy do. V
vuy do don gun kh tnh toun tu ch xom xot so thuy do tho
tch cou du chou kh up sout thuy do
- Doo nuy so dun don so thuy do tho tch o rong toc thuy
do vo do rong vu do thum toyot do
- So thuy do nuy dooc duc trong bung ho so non dung
nhot:
- So thuy do do rong do vo mot ou du ch ph thooc vuo
so khuc bot up sout bon trong tup sout guy ru bo chut oo)
vu up sout bon ngou tcou khong du) mu khong pho thooc
vuo gu tr toyot do cou cuc up sout do.
p
1 dV
C
V dP
=
He so nen ang nhiet
1hoo Novmun, ho so non dung nhot cou mot so
ou du cho up sout co tho dooc tnh thoo cuc cong
thoc thoc nghom suo:
Cut kot: t0,02 < < 0,23)
Du vo: t0,02 << 0,33)
5
p
1,43
97,32.10
C
(1 55,87 )
=
+
p
6 0,93
0,854
C
(1 2,48.10 )
=
+
Ap suat va
- Chut ong vu kh num trong vu cho mot up sout
nhut dnh go u up sout vu
- Ap sout vu bun duo u up sout vu trooc kh dou
vuo khu thuc. Ap sout vu bun duo oon ty o vo do
suo cou vu vu toong ong vo up sout thoy tnh cou
cot nooc
Ap suat va
- Ap sout vu u mot yoo to qoun trong kh tnh toun phoong un khu thuc
to oo.
- Ap sout vu so qoyot dnh choo vu oo oong d choyon cou chut oo
trong vu
- Noo up sout vu do on, tu co tho so dong phoong phup khu thuc to
phon, noo up sout vu soy gum munh, cun co nhong bon phup doy tr
up sout vu.
- Vo cong do thum cou dut du, up sout vu huy chnh xuc hon u do
chonh up gou vu vu duy gong so qoyot dnh don phoong phup vu oo
oong khu thuc
Nhiet o va
- Nhot do vu dong vu tro qoun trong trong voc
xuc dnh tnh chut vut y cong nho trung thu phu
cou oo chut trong vu
- Cong nho up sout, nhot do vu tung dun thoo
choo suo
- Nhot do vu toong do on dnh vu dooc do bung
nhot ko do suo
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu
l. Cuc tnh chut cou kh
2. Cuc tnh chut cou duo tho
3. Cuc tnh chut cou nooc vu
Cac tnh chat cua kh
a. kb Iv toong
1rung thu kh y toong dooc tho hon qou phoong trnh
trung thu kh y toong: lV = nk1
b.kboi Ioong ricng va tv trong
- kboi Ioong ricng
- Tv trong (so voi kbong kb o cong dico kicn)
PV
M
khoi lng nM PM
RT
the tch V V RT
= = = =
g
PM
M
RT
P.28, 97
28, 97
RT
= =
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu tac ong en dong
chay
c. Ap soat
1hoo kuoo
d. kb tboc
Kh thoc khong ong xo nho kh y toong, v vuy
phoong trnh trung thu kh thoc co dung:
lV = znk1
vo z u ho so och kh
g j vj
P x .P =
He so lech kh
Ho so och kh u ty so gou tho tch cou kh thoc
vu tho tch cou kh y toong o cong doo kon nhot
do vu up sout
actual
ideal
V
z
V
=
He so the tch thanh he kh
Ho so tho tch thunh ho kh u ty so gou tho tch
kh o doo kon vu vu tho tch cou oong kh do o
doo kon bo mut
a
g
a,sc
V
B
V
=
Hc so ncn dang nbict cua kh
Kh up sout thuy do th tho tch cou kh so thuy do
thoo. So thuy do nuy dooc duc trong bung ho so
non dung nhot cou kh:
g
1 1 dz
C ( )
P z dP
=
Hc so nbot dong Ioc
- 1nh nhot u boo hon oc dnh phun to vu so truo do
nung oong gou cuc phun to chut oo kh hoyon dong, guy
ru oc mu sut trong vu ton thut nung oong trong dong chuy
- Lu mot tnh chut vut y cou chut oo, ho so nhot dong oc
cung on th chut oo chuy cung chum ttrong cong mot
doo kon)
- Ho so nhot dong oc cou kh pho thooc vuo nhot do, up
sout vu cuo tuo cou kh
Mo qoun ho gou ho so nhot dong oc vu nhot do
u.1y so hou tun kh - duo
- 1y so hou tun kh - duo u khu nung kh thon nhon hou tun trong duo
tho, pho thooc vuo up sout, nhot do, cuo tuo cou kh vu duo tho
- Kh nhot do khong do, up sout tung th tho tch gum, kho oong
rong tung dun don oong kh hou tun tung
- Kh up sout khong do, nhot do tung th tho tch tung, kho oong
rong gum dun don oong kh hou tun gum
- Kh up sout vu nhot do but k, oong kh hou tun tung do vo kh co ty
trong cuo vu duo co ty trong thup
Cac tnb cbat coa dao tbo
Co tho xuc dnh dooc bung boo thoc toong qoun
cou Stundng vu oggs:
g
1,2048
so g
Y
P
R
18.(10)

=

0
g
o, API
Y 0, 00091T 0, 0125 =
0
o, API
o
141, 5
131, 5 =

b. Ho so tho tch thunh ho duo
-Ho so tho tch thunh ho cou duo o mot up sout nhut dnh
u tho tch tbb) mu mot burro tgom duo vu kh hou tun)
chom cho trong vu o up sout do. Don v u bb/S1
- oo thoc thoc nghom xuc dnh ho so tho tch thunh ho
duo cou Stundng vu oggs co dung:
o so g o
B f(R , , , T) =
- Ho so tho tch thunh ho hu phu tdn v do bb/S1) dooc
dnh nghu u tho tch tbb) mu mot S1 duo vu kh chom
cho trong vu o nhot do vu up sout but k:
t o g soi so
B B B (R R ) = +
c. He so nen ang nhiet
o
1 dV
C
V dP
=
d. Ho so nhot dong oc
-Ho so nhot dong oc cou duo tho pho thooc nhoo vuo up sout vu
dooc xuc dnh bung cuc cong thoc thoc nghom:
*Kh l < lb:
+ Duo chot tthoo Lgboguh):
+ Duo mo tthoo oggs vu kobnson):
* Kh l > lb: 1hoo Vusqooz vu oggs
0
od
o, API
lg[lg( 1)] 1,8653 0, 025086 0, 5644lgT + =
B
o od
A =
m
o ob
b
P
( )
P
=
1,187 5
m 2, 6P exp( 11, 513 8, 98.10 P)
=
u. Ho so tho tch thunh ho nooc
1hoo McCun:
w wt wp
B (1 V )(1 V ) = + +
2 4 7 2
wt
V 1, 00010.10 1,33391.10 T 5, 50654.10 T

= + +
9 13 2 7 10 2
wp
V 1,95301.10 PT 1, 72834.10 P T 3,58922.10 P 2,25341.10 P

=
Cac tnb cbat coa nooc va
b.1y so hou tun kh nooc
0,0840655 0,285854
sw
swp
R
10 ST
R

=
2
swp
R A BP CP = + +
2 4 2 7 3
A 8,15839 6,12265.10 T 1,91663.10 T 2,1654.10 T

= +
2 5 7 2 10 3
B 1, 01021.10 7, 44241.10 T 3, 05553.10 T 2,94883.10 T

= +
7 4 2 6 3 9 4
C 10 (9, 02505 0,130237T 8, 53425.10 T 2,34122.10 T 2,37049.10 T )

= + +
c. Ho so non dung nhot
Kh l > lb:
Kh l < l:
w
w T
w N a C l
B 1 1
C ( )
B P ( 7, 0 3 3 P 5 4 1, 5C 5 3 7, 0 T 4 0 3, 3)
= =
+ +
w
w T
w
B 1
C ( ) ( B 2 C . P )
B P
= + +

d. Ho so nhot dong oc
-Ho so nhot dong oc o nhot do vu vu up sout kh qoyon:
- Ho so nhot dong oc o up sout vu nhot do vu:
T
w1
AB =
2 3 3
A 109,574 8, 40564S 0,313314S 8, 72213.10 S
= + +
2 4 2 5 3 6 4
B 1,12166 2,63951.10 S 6,79461.10 S 5,47119.10 S 1,55586.10 S

= + +
5 9 2
w
w1
0, 9994 4, 0296.10 P 3,1062.10 P

= + +

Dong chay trong va
- So dch choyon cou chut oo trong vu oon thuy do thoo
khong gun vu tho gun
- Cuc yoo to unh hoong don dong chuy cong thuy do thoo
- Voc hoo bot qoy out dch choyon cou chut oo thoo
khong gun vu tho gun trong vu u rut qoun trong, gop:
+ 1nh toun doong duc tnh dong vuo
+ 1nh toun oo oong khu thuc hop y
+ Lou chon cuc phoong phup xo y vong cun duy
+ Xuc dnh ho so skn gong
- Do gu qoyot bu toun nuy, cun so dong dnh out thum
Durcy vu khuo sut mot so yoo to unh hoong don dong thum.
Dong chay trong va
l. Dnh out thum Durcy
2. So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo hou
chut oo
3. Ho phoong trnh tong qout cou dong thum nhoo
phu
Dong chay trong va
l. Dnh out thum Durcy
Dnh out thum Durcy tong qout cho dong thum but k:
- Kh vun toc dong chuy u on tko >l0) th phoong trnh
Durcy khong con dong nou. 1rong troong hop nuy, tu so
dong phoong trnh thum ph toyon co dung:
- 1oy nhon huo hot cuc dong chuy trong mo troong o rong
doo u dong chuy tung tko <l0)
( )
k
V p z
= +
ur ur
2
J aV bV = +
Dong chay trong va
2. So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo
hou chut oo
- Kh do buo hou thuy do th do thum hoo dong
cou chut oo thuy do
- Kh do buo hou nooc tung th do thum cou nooc
so gum, con kh do buo hou duo tung th do thum
cou duo so tung
Dong chay trong va
So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo hou chut oo
Dong chay trong va
3.Ho phoong trnh tong qout cou dong thum nhoo phu
Xot troong hop dong thum gom cu 3 phu nooc, duo vu kh.
Dnh out Durcy up dong cho mo phu nho suo:
- lhu nooc:
- lhu duo:
- lhu kh:
w rw
w w w w w
w w
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
uur ur ur
k k k
V p z p gz

o ro
o o o o o
o o
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
uur ur ur
k k k
V p z p gz

g rg
g g g g g
g g
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
uur ur ur
k k k
V p z p gz

Dong chay trong va
lhoong trnh on toc up dong cho tong phu:
+ lhu nooc
+ lhu duo
+ lhu kh
w w
w w
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
r r
o o
o o
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
r r
g g
g g
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
r r
Dong chay trong va
Kot hop dnh out Durcy vu phoong trnh on toc
cho mo phu, tu dooc ho phoong trnh:
w w rw
w w w
w
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

ur
r
o o ro
o o o
o
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

ur
r
g g rg
g g g
g
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

ur
r
Dong chay trong va
Cuc phu on ho vo nhuo qou cuc qoun ho nou thoc
nghom gou up sout vu do buo hou:
c(g w) g w g w
P P P f(S , S )
= =
c(g o) g o g o
P P P f(S , S )
= =
c(o w) o w o w
P P P f(S , S )
= =
Dong chay trong va
- Ngou ru cun qoun tum don tnh non dooc cou oo
chut
- So bon thon cou cuc ho so thum toong do thoo
do buo hou
- So bon thon cou cuc ho so nhot dong oc thoo up
sout vu nhot do
Dong chay trong va
- Dou vuo cuc doo kon bun duo vu doo kon bon, cuc
phoong trnh tron co tho gu dooc bung phoong phup so.
- Lo gu cuc ho phoong trnh tron cho bot qoy out dch
choyon cou chut oo trong vu, to do co tho xuy dong dooc
doong duc tnh dong vuo vo do chnh xuc cuo, gop voc
khu thuc dut hoo qou cuo nhut
Tel : 84-8-8654086
DONG CHAY TRONG GIENG
NOI DUNG
+ Co thoo chong
+ 1nh toun dong chuy trong gong
lhoong trnh nung oong tong qout
Cuc tnh chut co bun cou oo chut
Cuc thong so cou dong chuy hu phu
lhoong trnh grudont up sout cou dong chuy hu phu
trong ong khu thuc
Dong chuy trong cuc bo phun cun dong
0iJi thieu chunu
+ Dong chay trong he thong khai thac bao gom:
+ Dong chay t va vao ay gieng
+ Dong chay t ay gieng len be mat
+ e phan tch toan bo he thong khai thac, can tnh toan ton
that ap suat trong tng bo phan cua he thong:
+ Ton that ap suat cua dong chay t va vao ay gieng c
the hien qua ng ac tnh dong vao IPR.
+ Ton that ap suat t ay gieng len be mat, (iem 6 iem
1) c the hien qua ng ac tnh nang VLF.
LY ThuYET BEM huT
Chon ay gieng la iem nut. Ap suat iem nut tnh theo dong ra luc nay la:
P
sep
+P
ong TG
+P
choke
+P
ong KT
+P
sssv
+P
srt
= P
wf
Trong o:
P
sep
: Ap suat bnh tach
P
ong TG
: o giam ap trong ong thu gom
P
choke
: o giam ap trong van tiet lu be mat
P
ong KT
:o giam ap trong ong khai thac
P
sssv
: o giam ap trong van an toan gieng sau
P
rst
: o giam ap trong bo phan can dong khac
P
wf
: Ap suat ay gieng
Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT
Chia phng trnh tren cho m va lay vi phan hai ve, ta c:
c c
s
c c
g
Z g m
g
v m
V p U W q
g
Z g m
g
v m
V p U
2
2
2
2 2
'
2
' '
1
2
1
1 1
'
1
. .
. 2
.
.
. .
. 2
.
. + + + = + + + + +
0 . ) ( = + + + + +
s
c c
dW dq dZ
g
g
g
vdp p
d dU

Phng trnh tren rat kho ap dung. Da vao ly thuyet nhiet
ong hoc bien oi phng trnh tren nh sau:
dU = dh d(p/); dh = T.dS + (dp/)
dU = TdS + dp/ - d(p/)
Thay the vao phng trnh tren ta c:
TdS + dp/ + vdv/g
c
+gdz/g
c
+ dq + dW
s
= 0 (*)
Tiep tuc bien oi, c ket qua:
dS -dq/T; dS = -dq + dL
w
.
dL
w
la ton that ma sat. Gia s Ws = 0, phng trnh (*) tr
thanh:
0 .
.
= + + +
w
c c
dL dZ
g
g
g
dv v dp

Mat khac, neu ong thu gom nghieng
mot goc th dz=dLsin va nhan hai
ve phng trnh tren cho /dL:
0 . sin . .
.
. .
= + + +
dL
dL
g
g
dL g
dv v
dL
dp
w
c c


Trong cac phng trnh tren, o giamap dp = p
2
p
1
< 0.
Neu dp > 0, ta co phng trnh xac nh gradient ap suat:
+ + =
f c c
dL
dp
g
g
dL g
dv v
dL
dp

sin . .
.
. .
(dp/dL)
f
= dL
w
/dL: gradient ap suat do ma sat (hay trt) gay nen
He so ma sat f c xac nh nh sau:
f = 64/N
RE
N
RE
la so Reynolds, la thong so dung e phan biet che o dong
chay.
Trong ong tron, gia tr phan chia gia dong chay tang va dong chay roi
thng la N
RE
= 2100 hoac 2300.
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong trn, he so ma sat c xac nh
bang cac phng trnh sau:
3000 < N
RE
< 3x10
6
, ap dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va McAdam,
ta c:
f = 0.56+0.5N
RE
-32
N
RE
> 10
5
, ap dung phng trnh Blasius:
f = 0.316N
RE
-0.25
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong nham (/d 0) he so ma sat c
xac nh bang phng trnh Colebrook va White (1939):
+ =
f N
d
f .
7 , 18 . 2
log . 2 74 , 1
1
Re

V he so ma sat khong the xac nh trc tiep c t phng trnh tren nen
can bien oi thanh phng trnh sau ay, ong thi ket hp phng phap
th va sai:
2
Re
.
7 , 18 . 2
log . 2 74 , 1 1
+ =
g
c
f N
d
f

Dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va Mc Adams e xac nh
gia tr f
g
au tien , sau o thay vao phng trnh tren xac nh
gia tr f
c
. Neu f
c
khong gan bang gia tr f
g
th gan f
c
va tnh
bang f
g
va tiep tuc tnh cho en khi nao gia tri f
g
va f
c
tng
ng vi nhau.
Neu 5.10
3
< N
RE
<10
8
va 10
-6
</d < 10
-2
, ap dung phng
trnh Jain:
+ =
9 . 0
25 . 21
log 2 14 . 1
1
RE
N
d
f

CAC Thh ChAT C0 BAh CuA Luu ChAT
Muon tnh toan dong chay trong ong khai thac, au tien phai biet nhng tnh
chat cua lu chat (he so the tch thanh he, ty so kh dau, van toc dong chay,
khoi lng rieng, o nht, he so nen ang nhiet, sc cang be mat,) se thay
oi nh the nao trong ieu kien khai thac. ay la c s e tnh s chenh ap,
ton hao do ma sat trong ong khai thac.
Van toc lu chat
Van toc bieu kien mot pha: van toc dong chay ch 1 pha trong toan bo mat
cat cua ong.
Van toc thc: Khi mot lu chat di chuyen khong chiem toan bo mat cat cua
ong, th luc nay ton tai mot pha khac trong tiet dien cua ong. Do o van toc
thc luc nao cung ln hn van toc bieu kien. V vay, e tnh van toc thc cua
hon hp ta can quan tam en van toc bieu kien cua tng pha rieng biet. Van
toc hon hp la van toc cua cac pha. Can chu y rang, lu lng cua cac pha
thay oi tuy thuoc vao ap suat, nhiet o cua cac pha va v tr cua chung trong
ong khai thac. Do o, van toc tc thi cua lu chat la mot ham phu thuoc vao
ap suat, nhiet o, he so the tch thanh he, he so nen cua lu chat tai iem o.
Van toc kh bieu kien
Kh la lu chat nen c nen lu lng cua kh tai mot v tr trong ong
khai thac se bang lu lng kh tai ieu kien be mat chia cho he so the
tch thanh he kh tai v tr o.
Trong o:
+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)
+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ Bg : he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)
+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)
Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen trong
ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa tan trong dau.
A
B q
A
q
V
g sc g
sg
.
= =
Trong o:
+ V
sg
: van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
sc
: lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ B
g
: he so the tch thanh he kh (ft
3
/scf)
+ A = d
2
/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft
2
)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)
Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen
trong ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa
tan trong dau.
A
B q
A
q
V
g sc g
sg
.
= =
Van toc dau bieu kien
e xac nh van toc bieu kien cua dau can phai o c lu lng dau a
gian n ieu kien be mat:
Trong o:
+ v
so
: van toc dau bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
0
: lu lng dau khai thac (scf/s)
+ B
0
: he so the tch thanh he dau (ft
3
/scf)
+ A : tiet dien ng ong (ft
2
)
Neu lu lng dau khai thac q
0
la STB/ngay th van toc bieu kien cua dau:
A B
q
v
so
.
0
0
=
A B
q
v
so
0
0
5
. 10 5 , 6

=
Van toc nc bieu kien
Trong o:
+ v
sw
: van toc nc bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
w
: lu lng nc khai thac (STB/ngay)
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he nc (bbl/STB)
+ A : tiet dien ong (ft
2
).
A
B q
v
w w
sw
. . 10 5 , 6
5
=
+ Van toc pha long bieu kien
Trong ong khai thac, nc va dau c xemco cung van toc do nc co khoi
lng rieng ln hn nhng bu lai nc co o nht thap hn dau. Do o van toc
long bieu kien bang tong van toc bieu kien cua nc va dau: v
sl
= v
so
+ v
sw
Hay
Vi: q
l
: lu lng pha long bao gom ca nc va dau.
Neu pha long bao gom ca dau, nc va nc ngng tu th:
4
.
2
d
q
v
l
sl
=
( )
4 .
. . .
2
0 0
d
B q w q B q
v
w g c w
sl
+
=
+ wc : lng nc ngng tu (bbl/MMscf)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac (ft)
Van toc hon hp bieu kien bang van toc long bieu kien va van toc kh
bieu kien:
v
m
= v
sl
+ v
sg
Khoi lng rieng cua lu chat
Dong chay trong ong khai thac la dong chay cua hon hp cac pha,
do o e tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp, ta can tnh khoi lng
rieng cua tng thanh phan: kh, dau va nc
Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:
Trong o:
+
0
: khoi lng rieng cua dau (lbm/ft
3
)
+ R
s
: ty so hoa tan kh dau (scf/STB)
( )
0
0
0
. 615 , 5
. . 0764 , 0 . 350
B
R
s g

+
=
+ B
0
: he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)
+ 350 : khoi lng rieng cua nc ieu kien tieu chuan (lbm/STB).
+ 0,0764 : khoi lng rieng cua khong kh ieu kien chuan (lbm/STB).
+ 5,615 : he so chuyen oi (ft
3
/bbl).
Khi ap suat ln hn hoac bang ap suat iem bot kh (p p
b
), khoi lng
rieng cua dau co the xac nh theo phng trnh sau:
Trong o:
+
0
: khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p
+
0b
: khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p
b
+ p
b
: ap suat iem bot kh
+ C
0
: he so nen ang nhiet nhiet o T (psia)
+ exp(x) = e
x
( ) [ ]
b b
p p C =
0 0 0
exp .
Khoi lng rieng cua nc
Trong o:
+
w
: khoi lng rieng cua nc nhiet o T va ap suat p
(lbm/ft
3
)
+
wsc
: khoi lng rieng cua nc nguyen chat ieu kien tieu
chuan =62,4 (lbm/scf)
+
w
: ty trong nc
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he nc (ft
3
/scf)
w w w w wsc w
B B / . 4 , 62 / . = =
Cac tinh chat cua chat luu duJc xac dinh tu thuc nuhiem
He so lech kh
He so lech kh Z (hay con goi la he so nen kh) phu thuoc vao
nhiet o gia giam (T
pr
) va ap suat gia giam (p
pr
). Vi:
T
pr
= T/T
pc
; T
pr
= p/p
pc
Trong o:
+ T
pc
va p
pc
: nhiet o va ap suat gia ti han (psia)
+ T
pc
= y
i
p
ci
+ p
pc
= y
i
T
ci
Vi:
+ y
i
: ty le mol cua thanh phan th i.
+ T
ci
: nhiet o ti han cua thanh phan th i.
+ p
ci
: ap suat ti han cua thanh phan th i.
Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o
gia ti han va ap suat gia ti han theo phng trnh sau:
+ T
pc
= 170,5 + 307,3.
g
+ p
pc
= 709,6 58,7.
g
Tv so hoa tan khi dau
Trong o:
+ T : nhiet o (
0
F)
+ C
1
, C
2
, C
3
: hang so phu thuoc vao
0
API
+
gc
: ty trong kh chnh xac.
)] 460 /( ) ( exp[ . . .
3 1
2
+ = T API C p C R
c
gc s

Cac he so C
1
, C
2
, C
8
theo tv tronu dau
O
AF
23.9310 25.7240 C
3
1.1870 1.0937 C
2
0.0178 0.0362 C
1
0
API> 30
0
API 30 Hang so
Tv tronu khi cunu co the duJc tinh theo conu thuc sau:
Trong o:
+
g
: ty trong kh o c bnh tach
+ T : nhiet o bnh tach (
0
F)
+ p : ap suat bnh tach (psia)
+ API : ty trong theo o API
( )

+ =

7 , 114
log . . 10 192 , 5 1
5
p
T API
g gc

he so the tich thanh he
He so the tch thanh he dau
p
T Z
B
g
. . 0283 , 0
=
( ) ( )
+ + =
gc
s
gc
s
API
T R C
API
T C R C B

60 60 1
3 2 1 0
1.337*10
-9
-1.811*10
-8
C
3
1.100*10
-5
1.751*10
-5
C
2
4.670*10
-4
4.6778* 10
-4
C
1
0
API> 30
0
API 30 Hang so
Khi p > p
b
th B
o
c xac nh:
B
o
= B
ob
exp[C
o
(p
b
-p)]
Trong o:
+ B
bo
: he so the tch thanh he dau ap suat p
b
(bbl/STB)
+ C
o
: he so nen ang nhiet cua dau (psi
-1
).
he so the tich thanh he nuJc
B
WP
= C
1
+ C
2
P + C
3
P
2
Trong o
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he cua nc bien (bbl/STB)
+ B
wp
: he so the tch thanh he cua nc nguyen chat (bbl/STB)
+ Y : nong o muoi trong nc
) 10 1 (
4
+ = XY B B
wp w
8 13 2 10 6 8
10 32 , 3 . 10 5 , 8 ( ) 60 ( ) . 10 95 , 1 10 47 , 5 )( 60 ( . 10 1 , 5

+ + = p T p T p X
2 7 5
1
. 10 5 , 8 . 10 35 , 6 9911 , 0 T T C

+ + =
2 12 9 6
2
. 10 57 , 4 10 497 , 3 10 093 , 1 T C

+ =
2 15 13 11
3
. 10 43 , 1 . 10 429 , 6 10 5 T T C

+ =
Cac thong so cua dong chay hai pha
Ty le lu chat
Ty le long
H
L
= (dien tch mat cat cha chat long)/(tong dien tch mat cat ong)
H
L
: 0 1
Neu bo qua s trt gia cac pha, ty le the tch long c xac nh nh
sau
Chia t va mau cho tiet dien cua ong ta c
g g
L
B q q
q
.
1
1
+
=
m
sl
L
V
V
=
Ty le kh
H
g
= (dien tch mat cat cha chat kh)/(tong dien tch mat
cat ong)
Hay: H
g
= 1 - H
L
Neu khong ke en hien tng trt, ty le kh c tnh nh
sau:
Trong o:
+ q
l
: lu lng pha long tai ap suat, nhiet o tai v tr ang xet.
+ q
g
: lu lng pha kh tai ieu kien chuan.
l g g
g g
g
q B q
B q
+
=
.
.
oi vi dong chay bot kh:
oi vi dong chay nut kh
n
l g
g
d q q
q
2
. 233 , 0 + +
=
n
g
g
g
d q q d
q d
5 , 1
1
. 0942 , 0 . 6023 , 0 + +
=
Khoi lng rieng hon hp dau va nc
- Khoi lng rieng cua pha long:
L
=
0
.f
0
+
w
.f
w
Trong o:
+ Ty le dau trong pha long:f
0
=q
0
/(q
0
+q
w
) .
+ Ty le nc trong pha long: f
w
= 1 f
0
.
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp the nang thay
oi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:
s
=
L
.H
L
+
g
.H
g
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp khong trt gia cac
pha c xac nh:
n
=
L
.
L
+
g
.
g
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp nham xac nh ton that ap suat va N
RE
c tnh theo cong thc:
g
g g
L
L L
k
H H
2
2
.
.

+ =
Van toc kh bieu kien:
V
sg
=q
g
/A
Van toc thc cua kh:
V
g
=q
g
/AH
g
Van toc long bieu kien:
V
sl
=q
L
/A
Van toc thc cua pha long:
V
L
=q
L
/AH
l
Van toc dong hon hp:
sg sL m
V V V + =
o nht hai pha (bo qua s trt)
o nht hai pha co xet en s trt va o nht pha long
g g L L n
. . + =
g g L L s
H H . . + =
w w L
f f . .
0 0
+ =
Trong o
Sc cang be mat
Sc cang be mat gia kh va nc, kh va dau phu thuoc vao ap suat,
nhiet o, trong lng cua dau, kh va lng kh khong hoa tan. Sc
cang be mat cua pha long c tnh:
Trong o:
+
0
: sc cang be mat cua dau va kh.
+
w
: sc cang be mat cua dau va nc
w w L
f f . .
0 0
+ =
Fhu0h0 TRhh 0RA0EhT AF SuAT CuA 00h0 ChAY
hA FhA TR0h0 0h0 KhA ThAC
lhoong trnh grudont up sout cou dong chuy hu phu
1rong gong duo, kho oong rong cou oo chut on,
chnh v tho thunh phun ton thut thoy tnh chom ty o
on, con trong gong kh, kh d choyon nhunh vo vun
toc on, v tho thunh phun phun ton thut do mu sut
chom oo tho.
acc f el
dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
=
Thanh han ton that tronu cac uienu khai thac
0 10 0 10 ong nang
30 60 10 30 Ma sat
20 50 70 90 The nang
(thuy tnh)
% Ton that oi vi
gieng kh
% Ton that oi vi
gieng dau
Thanh phan
Ton that a suat do su thav doi a nanu
Trong o:
+ g
c
: he so ty le
+
hh
: khoi lng rieng cua hon hp
+ : goc nghieng cua gieng
sin . .
hh
c el
g
g
dl
dp
=
oi vi dong chay nhieu pha trong ong, thanh phan ton that do s thay oi ap
nang la ln nhat (chiem70 98%) tren toan bo ton that ap suat cua dong
chay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeu
to.
Thanh phan ton hao do s thay oi the nang:
e tnh toan chnh xac khoi lng rieng cua hon hp th
phai tnh en s trt gia cac pha.
Ton that ap suat do ap nang con c xac nh theo bieu
thc sau:
l
k
g
an L
H
dl
dp
g
1 1
.
1
Ton that a suat do su thav doi a nanu
Ton that a suat do ma sat
1on thut up sout do mu sut co tho chom to l 30% tron tong gu tr up sout cou
dong chuy nhoo phu trong ong vu dooc tnh bung boo thoc suo:
1rong do:
+
hh
: ho so mu sut cou hon hop
+
ns
: kho oong rong cou hon hop o trung thu khong troot
+ d : doong knh trong cou ong khu thuc
+ C
hh
: oo oong kho oong cou hon hop
+ v
hh
: vun toc choyon dong cou hon hop
d g
v G f
d g
v f
dl
dp
c
hh hh hh
c
m ns
f
. . 2
. .
. . 2
. .
2
= =

Ton that a suat do ma sat con duJc xac dinh theo bieu thuc
sau:
Trong o:
+ q
l
: lu lng the tch pha long
+ q
g
: lu lng the thch pha kh
He so ma sat cua hon hp chat lu hai pha:
+ =
l
g
l
hh
ms l
q
q
d
q
f
dl
dp
g
1 . 331 , 0
.
1
5
2
l
g
hh
q
q
f
f f
f
1
2 1
141 , 0 1 +
=
Trong o:
f
1
= 0.11*N
RE
-0.266
Neu: 0,5 A
0
1,0 th he so f
2
c tnh theo bieu thc sau:
Neu: A
0
< 0,5 th f
2
= 1,0 va khi A
0
> 0,5 th f
2
=0,2
Vi:
033 , 0
826 , 0
0
2
=
A
f
3
2
0
1
1 0
d
q
q
f A
g
=
g
d d
.
1
0
=
Vi la sc cang be mat gia hai pha long - kh (N/m)
( )
dL
dp
p g
v v
dL
dp
c
k hh hh
dn
.
.
. .
=
( )
= =
k
k
L
L
c
hh hh
c
hh hh hh
dn
G
dL
d G
dL
d
g
v
dL g
v d v
L
p

.
.
. .
Ton IhaI ap suaI do su Ihay doI dong nang
Gradient ap suat khi lu chat di chuyen t ay gieng len be mat trong ong khai thac
Phng trnh c ban tnh toan ton that ap suat cua dong chay nhieu pha trong ong:
Hay
dL
dp
p g
v v
d g
v G f
g
g
dL
dp
c
g hh hh
c
hh hh hh
hh
c
.
.
. .
. . 2
. .
sin . .

+ =
p g
v v
d g
v G f
g
g
dL
dp
c
g hh hh
c
hh hh hh
hh
c
.
. .
1
. . 2
. .
sin . .

+
+
=
Ton IhaI ap suaI do su Ihay doI dong nang
CAu TRuC 00h0 ChAY TR0h0 0h0 KhA ThAC
+Dong chay bot kh
+Dong chay dang nut kh
+Dong chay chuyen tiep
+Dong chay sng mu
Cac huJnu ha xac dinh uradient a suat
+ Phng phap Poettman va Carpenter
+ Phng phap Hagedon va Brown
+ Phng phap Duns va Ros
+ Phng phap Orkiszewski
+ Phng phap Aziz, Govier va Fogarasi
+ Phng phap Chierici, Ciucci va Sclocchi
+ Phng phap Beggs and Brill
+ Phng phap Mona, Asheim
+ Phng phap Hassan va Kabir
00h0 ChAY TR0h0 CAC B0 FhAh CAh 00h0
Mac du ton that ap suat chu yeu xay ra ay gieng, he thong ong khai thac
va he thong thu gom nhng trong mot so gieng, ton that bo phan can
dong cung chiem mot ty le ang ke. Cac bo phan can dong chu yeu la:
+ Van tiet lu be mat
+ Van an toan gieng sau
+ Goc van va goc ong
van tiet luu be mat
Lu chat la kh
Phng trnh tong quat c xay dng bang cach ket hp phng trnh Bernoulli
va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti
han va cha ti han:
Trong o: + q
sc
: Lu lng kh
+ d: ng knh cua van
+
g
: Ty trong kh
) )(
1
(
) (
) )( (
/ 1 / 2
1 1
2
1
k k k
g
n
sc
y y
k
k
Z T
d P C
q
+

+ P
1
: ap suat dong vao
+ P
2
: Ap suat dong ra
+ T
1
: Nhiet o dong vao
+ Z
1
: He so lech kh nhiet o T
1
va ap suat p
1
+ P
sc
: Ap suat tieu chuan
+ T
sc
: Nhiet o tieu chuan
+ C
s
, C
d,
C
n
: He so chuyen oi n v (C
n
= C
s
* C
d
*T
sc
/P
sc
)
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng (k=C
p
/C
v
)
+ y: ty so ap suat dong ra va dong vao (y=p
2
/p
1
)
van tiet luu be mat
van tiet luu be mat
Khi lu lng dong kh at ti gia tr ti han, ty so ap suat (y=y
c
) va phu
thuoc vao o k theo phng trnh sau:
y
c
=[2/(k+1)]k/(k-1)
Trong trng hp van tiet lu ngan, dong chay ti han qua van co lo m
gan tron, cong thc lien he gia lu lung, ap suat dong vao va kch thc
van nh sau:
Thong thng ngi ta lay C
d
=0,82 trong trng hp khong xac nh c
cac so lieu cu the.
5 , 0
1
2
) (
487 , 0
g
n
T
P d C
sc
q

=
van tiet luu be mat
Loo chut hu phu
1rong do:
+ l
l
:Ap sout dong vuo tpsu)
+ q
: Loo oong phu ong tS1/d)

+ k: 1y so kh/ ong tsc/stb)
+ d: Doong knh vun tot oo tn)
a
c l
d
R pq
P =
1
van an toan uienu sau (SSSv)
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han qua van an
toan gieng sau:
+ =d/D
+ C
d
: Thng chon 0,9
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng cua kh
+ y: He so gian n
2
2
4
1
4
2
1 1
6
2 1
) 1 ( 10 . 048 , 1
y C d p
q T z
p p
d
sc g

=

He so gian n y thay oi trong khoang 0,67-1 va thng c
tnh bang phng phap lap vi gia tr gia nh ban au thng
la 0,85:
+Trng hp dong chay hai pha qua van
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han
qua van an toan gieng sau:
5 , 0
1
2 1
4
) )( 35 , 0 41 , 0 ( 1
kp
p p
Y

+ =
+
n
: Khoi lng rieng khong trt (lbm/ft
3
)
+
n
=
l
l
+
g
g
+ v
m
: Van toc cua hon hp qua van
+ C
d
= 0,233+8,4.10
-4
Nv+6,672-11,662
+ Nv= q
g
/q
l
=(1-
l
)/
l
;
+
l
=q
l
/(q
l
+q
g
);
+=d/D
vi d: ng knh cua van va D: ng knh trong ong khai thac;
d
m n
C
v
p p
2
4
2 1
10 . 087 , 1
=
0oc van va uoc onu
fL/d = K
L = Kd/f
Trong o:
+ D: ng knh ong tng ng;
+ f: he so ma sat cua dong chay trong ong
+ L: Chieu dai ong tng ng
+ K: Phu thuoc vao loai van.
c c
f
g
v
K
g
v
d
fL
p
2 2
2 2

= =
Banu hanu so K theo loai van
6-8 Van chan
3-5 Van cau
0,2-0,3 Van goc
0,15 Van ca
K Loai van
Tel : 84-8-8654086
QUY TRNH HON THIN GING
QUY TRNH HON THIN GING
1. Trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc
2. Bn m va
3. Lp t thit b khai thc
4. Gi dng sn phm
CC CT NG CHNG
ng chng
Trung gian
Cc loi ng (Tubulars)
Production
Casing
ng chng
b mt
ng chng
nh hng
CHNG NG KHAI THC
Mt s b phn ca ng chng
CC DNG C NH TM
CC DNG C NO
VNG XOY V GI TRM
H CT NG CHNG KHAI THC
+ Cn h ct ng cng nhanh cng tt, nhng vn tc th ct ng cng
b hn ch ty theo p lc d m n gy ln y v thnh ging khoan.
+ Khi h ct ng n y, c th iu chnh thnh phn dung dch tun
hon ng thi thao tc nng th ct ng chng lm cho cc dng
c no thnh ging khoan hot ng. Vic tun hon dung dch dng
li khi:
- Dung dch khng cn nng mn khoan ln na
- Lng kh t v khng thay i
- Khng c hin tng mt dung dch v xm nhp ca cht lng
- Ton b th tch dung dch khoan tun hon l ng nht
QUY TRNH TRM XI MNG
Trm xi mng l t va xi mng thch hp trong khong
khng hnh xuyn gia thnh ging khoan v lp lt thnh
ging mt chiu su xc nh. C nhiu cch trm xi mng
khc nhau:
- Trm xi mng lt thnh ging hoc ct ng
- Trm xi mng di p sut gi l trm ln cht qua cc l c
thng ng
- t cc nt trm xi mng ging khoan trn
CC GIAI ON TRM XI MNG
- Trm xi mng s cp
- Trm xi mng hai tng
- Trm xi mng ct ng chng lng
- p xi mng
- t cc nt trm xi mng
Khi tin hnh trm xi mng, cn ch n nhng c tnh
ca xi mng v chn va xi mng ph hp.
BN M VA
Sau khi trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc, tng cha b ct
ng chng v vnh xi mng bt kn, nn phi tin hnh bn m
va.
Phng php bn m va ph bin nht l dng n n to p
sut
C th th thit b bn m va bng cp hoc cn khoan trc khi
lp t thit b lng ging khai thc, hay th sng bn m va bng
cp vo trong ng khai thc, hoc gn trc tip vo u ct ng
khai thc. Phng php ny cho php tin hnh khai thc nu
dng chy c thit lp ngay sau qu trnh bn m va m khng
phi dp ging v sau lp t thit b khai thc lng ging
QUY TRNH BN M VA
Gm ba giai on:
1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm
2. Kch n
3. Dng cht lu t va chy vo ging
BN M VA
BN M VA
BN M VA
V TR BN M VA
V tr bn m va thng c xc nh nh sau:
- Khi va cha du c tng nc y, nn m va phn
trn (nc) ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du c m kh, nn m va phn gn y
ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du va c m kh v tng nc y, nn
m va phn gia ca i sn phm
LP T THIT B KHAI THC
- Sau khi hon tt cng vic bn m va, mt ct ng
ng knh nh (ct ng khai thc) s c lp vo
ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt
- Packer c t gia ct khai thc v ct ng chng
khai thc ngay trn nc tng sn phm gip cho cht
lu khai thc chy t thnh h qua cc l bn m va
vo trong ct ng khai thc v i ln b mt.
LP T NG KHAI THC
PACKER
LP T U GING KHAI THC
u ging khai thc c lp t pha trn b u ng
chng. Ct ng khai thc trong ging c treo t cy
thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo
ct ng khai thc vo cy thng khai thc.
Sn phm khai thc c th c kim sot nh cc van
tit lu lp trn cy thng khai thc
LP T U GING KHAI THC
Cy thng khai thc (Christmas Trees)
u ng khai thc v thit b treo
(Tubing Heads and Hangers)
LP T VAN TIT LU
Van tit lu (Beans and Chokes)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
HON THIN GING KHAI THC
NI DUNG
+ Phn loi
+ Cc phng php hon thin
+ Tnh ton thit k
+ Dung dch hon thin ging
+ Bn m va
+ Gi dng sn phm
PHN LOI
+ Theo s tng khai thc: n tng, a tng
+ Theo s cn khai thc: Cn n, cn i, cn ba
+ Theo b mt phn cch gia y ging v tng sn phm:
. Hon thin ging thn trn
. Hon thin ging vi ng lc v chn si
. Hon thin ging vi ng chng, trm xi mng v bn m va
+ Theo phng php khai thc:
. T phun
. Cc phng php c hc:
- Gaslift
- Bm ly tm in chm
- Bm cn ht
- Bm pittng thu lc
H S HON THIN GING
- tnh ton tn tht p sut gy ra
bi cng tc hon thin ging, h s
hon thin c b sung ging vo
phng trnh dng vo:
P
R
P
wf
= A.q
0
+ B.q
0
2
P
R
2
P
wf
2
= A.q
sc
+ B.q
sc
2
Flow Through
Porus Media
P, K, IPR
Intake
Vertical or Inclined
Tubing
Flowing Wellhead
Pressure
Horizontal Flowline
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
A : h s chy tng
B : h s chy ri
' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( .
) ( . 00708 . 0
0 0
0
0
S r r B
p p h k
q
w e
wf r
+
' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( . .

) ( . 10 . 703
2 2 6
S r r T Z
p p h k
q
w e g
wf r
g
sc
+
H S HON THIN GING

A = A
R
+ A
P
+ A
G
B = B
R
+ B
P
+ B
G
A
R,
B
R
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong va
A
P
, B
P
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong l bn
A
G
, B
G
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong ln si
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN GING THN TRN
- ng chng t trn nc ca tng sn phm, thnh h
khng trm xi mng v khng bn m va
- Thch hp vi tng sn phm c chiu dy ln, cu to
bi loi cng, vng chc khng b sp l
- Cc u nhc im (tham kho C s khoan & khai
thc du kh)
H THNG IM NT
1
3
6 8
Node Location
1 Separator
3 Wellhead
6 Pwf
8 Pr
P
6-3
=

(P
wf
- P
wh
)
P
3-1
= P
wh
- P
sep
)
P
8-6
= (P
r
- P
wf
)
nh hng ca qu trnh hon thin ging n c tnh
dng chy l lm thay i h s thm ca va do b
nhim bn hoc c kch thch
i vi du: A
R
=
i vi kh: A
R
=
d
w
e
R
S
r
r
h k
B
+
472 . 0
[ln
.
. 2 . 141
0
0 0
d
w
e
gR
g
S
r
r
h k
T Z
+
472 . 0
[ln
.
. . 2 . 141
H S HON THIN GING
S
d
=(k
R
/k
d
-1)ln(r
d
/r
w
)
k
oR
: thm khng i ca va i vi du
k
gR
: thm khng i ca va i vi kh
S
d
: h s skin do thay i thm xung quanh ging
k
R
: thm ca va
k
D
: thm ca vng nhim bn
r
w
: bn knh ging
r
d
: bn knh vng b nhim bn
H S HON THIN GING
Ta tnh B
R
t cc phng trnh sau:
i vi du: B
R
=
i vi kh: B
R
=
H s vn tc
w
R
r h
B
.
. . 10 3 . 2
2
0
2
0
14

w
g R
r h
T Z
.
. . . 10 161 . 3
2
12

2 , 1
10
10 33 . 2
R
R
k
=
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN BNG NG CHNG LNG, C L
V LN SI
- Trong va trm tch, xi mng gn kt gia cc ht yu dn nn
ct s theo dng sn phm vo ging
-S dng ng chng lng c c l i din vi tng sn phm
- Vnh xuyn gia thn ging v ng lng c ln y ct th
hn ct va
- Hu ht cc ging c ln si c thm cao do tnh khng
gn kt t nhin ca si ln
- Si ln lm gim tn tht p sut do vng nn p gy ra xung
quanh l lc
- Sau mt thi gian khai thc, tn tht p sut ca dng chy dc
theo nhng l lc b lp y ct s tng ng k
1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8
Node Location Remarks
1 Separator
2 Surface Choke Functional
3 Wellhead
4 Safety Valve Functional
5 Restriction Functional
6 Pwf
7 Pwfs
8 Pr
1A Gas Sales
1B Stock Tank
1A
1B
H THNG IM NT
H S HON THIN GING
- i vi du: A
G
=
B
G
=
- i vi kh: A
G
=
N: tng s l bn B
G
=
k
G
: thm ca si ln
L: chiu di knh dn ca l bn
4 2
0
0
2 14
.
. 10 2 . 9
P
G
r N
L B
2
. .
. . 2844
P G
G
r N k
L Z
4 2
11
.
. . . 10 263 . 1
P
g G
r N
L T Z
55 ., 0
107 47 . 1
G
G
k

=
2
0 0
. .
. . 4 . 282
P G
r N k
L B
+ Chiu di knh dn bng hiu gia bn knh ging
khoan v bn knh ngoi ca ng lc (hay bn knh
ging khoan tr bn knh trong ca ng chng).
+ phn tch cng tc hon thin ging bng ng lc c
ln si, cn tch hai thnh phn tn tht p sut trong
va v tn tht dc theo lp si ln:
P
R
P
wf
= P
R
- P
wfs
+ (P
wfs
- P
wf
)
H S HON THIN GING
Phng trnh biu din hai loi tn tht p sut ny
c dng:
i vi du: P
R
- P
wfs
= A
R
.q
0
+ G
R
.q
0
2
P
wfs
- P
wf
= A
G
.q
0
+ B
G
.q
0
2
i vi kh: P
R
2
- P
wfs
2
= A
R
.q
sc
+ B
R
.q
sc
2
P
wfs
2
- P
wf
2
= A
G
.q
sc
+ B
G
.q
sc
2
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN GING BNG NG CHNG, TRM
XI MNG V BN M VA
- Chiu di ng chng khai thc c t sut thnh h v xi mng phi c
lp y khong khng vnh xuyn gia ng chng v thnh ging khoan
- Cho php chn la tng cn bn m va
- Dng cho ging su, thnh h yu v km bn vng
- Vn quan trng nht l xc nh hiu sut bn m va. Hiu qu ca cng
tc hon thin ph thuc vo: s lng l bn, kch thc v chiu su l bn ,
kiu l bn, gc pha
- S nn p ca thnh h xung quanh l bn sau khi bn va c th lm gim
ng k hiu qu hon thin ging
- Cn xc nh chnh xc khong bn m va, trnh cc vng c thnh h qu
yu hoc khng c sn phm, trnh dng cht lu khng mong mun chy vo
Hiu qu ca cng tc hon thin ging ph thuc vo c va v l
bn
P
R
- P
wf
= (A
R
+ A
P
) + (B
R
+ B
P
)q
0
2
P
R
2
P
wf
2
= (A
R
+ A
P
)q
sc
+ (B
R
+ B
P
)q
sc
2
Thnh phn chy tng trong l bn bao gm nh hng ca mt
v kiu l bn, nh hng ca s nn cht xung quanh l bn.
Nhng nh hng ny c tnh n trong cc phng trnh:
H S HON THIN GING
Pwh
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs) = Loss in Porus Medium
P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf) = Loss across Completion
P3 = (P UR - P DR ) = Loss across Restriction
P4 = (P USV - P DSV ) = Loss across Safety Valve
P5 = (Pwh - P DSC ) = Loss across Surface Choke
P6 = (P DSC - Psep) = Loss in Flowline
P7 = (Pwf - Pwh) = Total Loss in Tubing
P8 = (Pwh - Psep) = Total Loss in Flowline
P5
P8
P6
Pwfs Pwf
P2
Pr
PUR
PDR
P3
P1
PDSV
PUSV
Psep
P4
P7
H THNG IM NT
i vi du: A
P
=
i vi kh: A
P
=
Khi bit thm dc: S
P
=
h: chiu di tng cng ca va, ft
h
p
: chiu di khang bn m va, ft
k
R
thm ca va theo phng ngang, md
K: thm dc, md
)
0
0 0
(
.
. 2 141
dp P
R
S S
h k
B
+

)
(
.
. . 2 141
dp P
gR
g
S S
h k
T Z
+

2 ln 1
5 . 0
v
R
w P
k
k
r
h
h
h
H S HON THIN GING
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
S
dP
=
h chiu dy tng cng ca va, ft
L
p
chiu di l bn, ft
N: tng s l bn
k
R
: thm va, md
k
dp
: thm vng b nn p, md
r
P
: bn knh l bn, in
r
dP
: bn knh vng b nn p, in
P
dP
d
R
dP
R
P
r
r
k
k
k
k
N L
h
ln
.


- Phn tn tht p sut ln nht dc theo l bn l do
dng chy ri qua vng b nn p. Cc phng trnh:
+i vi du:B
P
=
+ i vi kh: B
P
=
+ H s vn tc:
2 2 2
0
2
0
14
. .
. . 10 3 . 2
N L r
B
P P
dP

2 2
12
. .
. . . 10 161 . 3
N L r
T Z
P P
g dP

2 ., 1
10
10 33 . 2
dP
dP
k
=
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
VA XI MNG
Ph thuc vo:
Nhit tnh y ging khoan quy nh thi gian ng cng (thi
gian c th bm phun xi mng)
Nhit tun hon y ging khoan (s lm thay i thi gian ng
cng)
T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoan
qua
nht do ca va v c tnh lc ca n
Cc thng s lu bin ca va
Thi gian ng cng v gia tng bn chu nn
bn ca xi mng v cc nhn t khc nhau c th lm h hi n
(nc va n mn, nhit cao)
- Va s dng ch yu gm xi mng v nc, c thm mt s cht ph gia
- Chng loi xi mng s dng tu thuc vo chiu su v nht l nhit
y ging khoan v c th tip xc vi nc va n mn
- Cc loi xi mng v iu kin s dng (xem sch C s khoan v khai thc
du kh)
HIN TNG NGM NC CA XI MNG
- Qu trnh: bt u t thnh phn khan vi cc cht km n nh ri ti cc cht
n nh hn.
- Khi lng nc khng , cc thnh phn ny kt tinh li v to ra s ho tan
mi ca cc thnh phn khan. Nh vy s xy ra s lin kt dn dn ca cc
tinh th hnh kim cho n khi ng cng ton b h thng.
- Mt s yu t tc ng n s ngm nc ca xi mng:
Nhit : nh hng rt ln n vn tc ngm nc ca xi mng. Khi
nhit tng s lm gim thi gian ng cng xi mng
p lc: s ngm nc tng theo p lc
S NHIM BN
- Xy ra trong qu trnh trn vi nc dng hoc trn ln vi cc
cht lng c trong ging khoan
- Mi s thay i tnh cn bng trong pha c nc do b sung m
khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc
ng n vic ngm nc ca xi mng nh NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SiO
3
lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng (kh c th d on
c)
CC CHT PH GIA
- Cht lm ng nhanh: lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng xi mng nhit
thp hoc khc phc hiu ng lm ng chm ca cc cht ph gia khc, cho php
gim thi gian ch i trc khi khoan tip
- Cht lm ng chm: lm chm qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng, tng thi gian
bm va khi nhit y ging cao hoc hiu ng ca cht ph gia khc c nguy
c lm gim ng k thi gian bm va vo ging
- Cht lm nh: khi trn vi xi mng th gy hiu ng lm gim t trng va ng
thi gim gi thnh nhng nh hng n thi gian ng cng v sc khng nn
ca xi mng nn phi khc phc bng cc cht ph gia thch hp
- Cc cht kim sot lc: lm va khng mt nc do lc qua cc tng thm
nhng c th gy ra s ng cng khng ng lc hoc ng cng do thiu nc
cn thit thu phn v kt tinh cc thnh phn ca xi mng
C L NG CHNG TRONG GING
C th s dng 1 trong 4 phng php sau:
+ n
+ Mn (n lm)
+ Tia xuyn
+ Tia thu lc - ct
C BNG N
Loi n c tc dng bn tng lot: to p lc 700KG/cm
2
v nhit lm vic l 127
0
C
Loi n c cha thuc n nhm gia tng kh nng c
m v hiu qu bn va dy
Loi n c tc dng bn ni tip: gim tc ng ca
p lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bin
dng v nt v
Loi c c tc dng bn tch bit: ch bn tng vin
theo th t nh. Loi n ny c s dng bn
va sn phm mng v gia chng c xen k bi cc
tng cha nc hoc cha st
c bng n c s dng cho t khng qu cng v
vnh xi mng xung quanh ng chng yu
C BNG MN HAY N LM
- Loi n lm khc vi cc loi n k trn l thay th u n
bng u lm (ng li) c tc dng n chm
- u n lm phng ra c ct ng chng v vnh trm xi mng
ri tip tc i su vo va n v to thnh nhng khe rnh ph
Bn mn nhng lp t cht st v c thm thp
C BNG TIA XUYN
- c bng tia xuyn, cht to n v c sc xuyn rt mnh
- Vn tc ca nhng tia n khong 8000- 10000 m/s vi p lc
khong 300 triu KG/cm
2
- Loi tia xuyn cho php to nhng khe su vo va nn bo m
tng thm
S dng tt nht cho loi cng, thm km.
C BNG TIA THY LC - CT
- Nc trn ct c tnh mi mn cao c bm qua vi phun ca tht b vi p
sut t 1500- 3000 KG/cm
2
- Ming ca thit b phun ct c ch to t hp kim rt cng chng mi
mn. ng knh ca vi phun khong 3 6 mm
- Ct c ng knh t 0.2 1.2 mm
- T l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)
- Vn tc c l ct ng chng v t 0.6 0.9 mm/s
- Khi bn thu lc ct, thit b ming ging khi lm vic phi t ti 70 MPa v
my bm trm xi mng c cng sut ln p hn hp cht lng ct
- Nhc im ca phng php bn tia thu lc ct l cn khi lng thit b
k thut c cng sut ln v cng tc chun b v tin hnh trn quy m ln, s
lng ngi tham gia nhiu nn chi ph rt cao (t c p dng)
GI DNG SN PHMV QU TRNH KHI NG
GING
Ph thuc vo cc yu t:
+ su ca ging v p sut ca va
+ Tnh cht ca du hoc kh c trong va
+ c tnh vt l ca t v mc bn vng ca
chng v cu trc ging.
+ Thit b k thut sn c
CC PHNG PHP
+ Gim t trng ct dung dch trong ging bng cch thay
dung dch nh hn nh nc, du, cht lng to bt, cht lng
ngm kh
+ H mc cht lng trong ging: nh my nn kh hoc my
bm su, pittng hoc gu mc
+ Kt hp c 2 phng php
(xem C s khoan v khai thc du kh)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GING A NHNH
NOl DNG
+ 1ong qoun vo gong du nhunh
+ lhn ou gng u nhunh
+ Cong ngho houn thon gong du nhunh
+ Kot oun
kbai nicm
+ Cong u nhunh tmotutoru vo) gom mot thun
gong chnh vo nhoo nhunh phut tron vu koo du
to thun gong chnh
+ 1hun gong chnh tthung dong houc num ngung) co
doong knh on so dooc khoun don choo suo xuc
dnh
+ Cuc gong nhunh dooc khoun dnh hoong xout phut
to thun gong chnh don choo suo thot ko, co tho
cong num trong l thunh ho huy trong nhong tung
sun phum khuc nhuo
+ Cong du nhunh co tho u so kot hop gou gong
khoun dnh hoong vu gong khoun ngung
Mnh hou cou gong du nhunh
ticb so bnb tbanb va pbat tricn gicng da nbanb
Cuc ky so khoun cou Ngu du tho
nghom gong du nhunh duo ton to
nhong num l950.
- Nguy nuy, vo nhong ho thong
choun gop xuc dnh chnh xuc cuc
do toong up dong cong ngho khoun
gong du nhunh, so ton bo cou
cong ngho cho tuo vut oo, ky thout
houn thon, so thong nhut vo cuch
phun ou du dou cong ngho
gong du nhunh tro non rut pho
bon tron toun tho go.
Mat cat ng cua gieng a
nhanh au tien tren the gii
toi cb coa gicng da nbanb
toi cb vc kv tboat
- 1ung so top xoc vo vu
- 1ung do on thong gou cuc vu b cuch y
- 1ung hoo sout qoot
- Cum so hnh thunh mo nooc
- Cum hon toong snh cut
- 1hum do hoo qou vong co cuo troc du chut phoc tup
- Cum thoo cuc yoo to tuc dong mo troong
toi cb coa gicng da nbanb
toi cb vc kinb tc
- Co tho dooc phut tron to gong thong thoong sun co
- Do vo cuc gong khoun tron dut on, gum don tch vuthot
b bo mut
- Do vo cuc gong khoun ngou bon, gum so oong sobsou,
gum trong oong vu cong sout cho cuc cong trnhbon
- Choyon cuc mo cun bon thunh cuc mo thong thoong
- Cum ch ph vun hunh vu phut tron mo
kbo kban tboong gap
kbo kban vc kv tboat
- Ky thout khoun vu houn thon gong phoc tup
- Mot so ou gong khong pho hop cho cong tuc cun thop
gong vo suo: um such, kch thch, kom sout cut
- Kom sout gong trong qou trnh khoun vu khu thuc phoc
tup
- Nhuy cum do vo dut du khong dong nhut vu d hoong
kbo kban vc kinb tc
- Ch ph khoun gong bun duo cuo hon so vo gong ngung,
vu gong thong thoong
- Xuc sout ro ro cuo hon gong thong thoong
- lhu xuc dnh vu ou chon do toong thch hop
oi toong ong dong coa gicng da nbanb
- Cuc vu duo nung
- Cuc vu co do thum thup vu cuc kho not to nhon
- Cuc do phun op huy nhong thunh ho khong dong nhut
- Cuc vu b cuch y thunh tong ngun
- Cuc vu vo tnh
Nbong van dc can can nbac kbi Ioa cbon giai pbap
kboan va boan tbicn gicng da nbanb
- Lou chon ho thong gong du nhunh thch hop
- lhun tch nhong ro ro co tho xuy ru
- Cong ngho khoun dnh hoong
- Nhong vun do trong doo hunh th cong gong
- 1nh on dnh vu duc dom cou dut du trong thunh ho
nhunh khoun gong
- Anh hoong tnh but dong nhut vu but dung hoong cou
hunh ho
- Ky thout houn thon gong pho hop
- Do doun vo dong sun phum trong toun bo gong du
nhunh
Fban Ioai gicng da nbanb
Fban Ioai tbco moc do pboc tap
Dou thoo moc do phoc tup cou gong tno top xoc gou
thun chnh vu thun nhunh) th ho thong gong du nhunh
dooc chu um 6 cup do:
Cap 1 : cu thun gong chnh vu thun nhunh doo u
gong thun trun, khong co ong oc ong houc duo no ro
nhunh
Cong dooc so dong trong thunh ho co kot vong chuc,
duc bot u tu no ro nhunh. Khu nung cun thop vuo
gong vu kom sout dong chuy u rut hun cho
Cap 2 : thun gong chnh dooc chong ong vu trum x mung
con nhunh bon vun do thun trun huy co tho troo vuo nhunh
bon ong oc ong co cuc runh du vu hop huy dong duo no
co hoc
- Cong ou nuy dho phop cun thop vuo gong chnh do
dung vu cu thon khu nung phoc ho nhunh bon.
- Nhunh bon do thun trun non khong co khu nung phun tuch
dong chuy huy buo toun up sout qou nhunh ro. Lou gong
nuy rut thong dong cho thunh ho curbonuto huy thunh ho sot
on dnh tkhong cun cuc thot b kom sout cut)
Cap 3 : Vo co bun toong to nho ou gong cup 2, nhong nhunh
bon cong chong ong nhong khong trum x mung.
- Ong chong ong huy ong oc dooc dou vuo nhunh bon vu noo
trong thun chnh nho duo troo ong chong ong
- Lou gong nuy khong co khu nung cuch y mot cuch cho dong
gou thun chnh vu thun nhunh, nhong no kot no khu hoo qou
gou thun nhunh vu thun chnh so vo ou gong cup 2
- Lou gong nuy thch hop do khu thuc kot hop cuc tung
curbonuto huy cuc thunh ho cut kot
Cap 4 : 1hun gong chnh vu thun nhunh doo dooc chong
ong vu trum x mung
- Ong chong ong trong thun nhunh dooc trum x mung on
vuo thun chnh tuo do bon co hoc rut cuo
- Lou gong nuy thch hop cho cuc tung sun phum co up sout
thup
- Cong cup 4 khong co khu nung ngun cuch up sout, nhong
co tho cun thop vuo gong chnh un nhunh bon thoun o
hon
Cap 5: Lou gong nuy u so kot hop cou gong cup 3 vu 4
- Co cuc thot b cuch y up sout tu no top xoc gou ong
chong trong thun chnh vu ong ong o thun nhunh
- Lou gong nuy thch hop cho khu thuc cuc tung sun phum
rong bot co up sout cuo huy dom ro nhunh num trong tung
sun phum cun co nhong thot b ngun up sout huy phun tuch
chut oo vu tup chut co hoc trong vu
- Khu nung cun thop vuo gong u do dung
Cap 6: Lou gong nuy co khu nung ngun cuch up sout bung
chnh bun thun ong chong dooc trum x mung cuch y mu
khong so dong cuc thot b houn thon
-Lou gong cup 6 thch hop cho cuc vu cun ngun up sout vo
ong chong co doong knh on, tu nhong vong bon suo
- Do chonh up tu duo ro nhunh so rut khuc nhuo, pho thooc
vuo koo cong nho kch thooc cou duo no
Cap 6S : u ou gong co moc phoc tup cuo hon cup 6
- Dong thot b duo no ro nhunh duc bot chu thun gong
chnh doong knh on thunh 2 thun gong nhunh nho hon vu
co kch thooc bung nhuo
- Vo mut cuo troc houn thon gong th cup 6S co do phoc
tup cuo nhut. Nhong bon cunh do cup 6S u co khu nung
cuch y up sout vu thoy oc cuo nhut
Fban Ioai tbco cboc nang
- Dou vuo 2 yoo to: cuc mo ta vc tban gicng vu mo ta dao
noi - Cuch phun ou nuy mo tu vo nhong duc tnh ky thout
cou thun gong chnh vu thun gong nhunh
Cac bo dong co do
Tbict bi do Iog trong kbi kboan (tWD)
1hot b nuy do cuc thong so vo du chut, duc tnh vut
y cou dut du thunh ho dung khoun qou tdo buo hou
hydrocucbon, thunh phun thuch hoc)
So oo L\D dooc dong do dunh gu tro oong vu, chut
oong thunh ho
Tbict bi do trong kbi kboan (MWD)
1hot b nuy do cuc thong so nho: goc phoong v, goc
nghong, goc doc Hu thong so co bun u goc phoong
v vu goc nghong cou o khoun so gop doo chnh
choong khoun d thoo qoy duo du thot ko mot cuch
hoo qou
Cuo troc cou bo dong co duy
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CONG NGHF
HOAN THlFN GlFNG A NHANH
kbai nicm va dac dicm
Houn thon gong buo gom nhong cong tuc no top nhuo ko
to kh kot thoc qou trnh khoun don kh co tho dou gong vuo
khu thuc. Nhong cong tuc co bun buo gom:
+ Chong ong khu thuc don v tr thot ko tu noc tung
sun phum
+ 1rum x mung vuo doun ong chong du dut
+ Lup dut cuc thot b cong ngho cun thot phoc vo cho
cong tuc khu thuc
+ Co dong sun phum, tuo konh dun cho chut oo to vu
chuy vuo duy gong vo oo oong thch hop
Cac pboong pbap boan tbicn gicng da nbanb
Cac pboong pbap va tbict bi boan tbicn tbong tboong
- 1rong houn thon gong du nhunh th voc houn thon cuc nhunh bon
cong rut qoun trong. Co 3 phoong phup do houn thon cuc thun nhunh
cou gong du nhunh kot hop vo ho thong cuc duo no ro nhunh:
1hun nhunh bon co tho dooc houn thon thun trun
Chong ong vu trum x mung vu bun mo vu ong chong
Houn thon vo cuc ong khu thuc doc o co oo oc chon so
- Nguy nuy trong huo hot cuc gong du nhunh, mo on kot gou thun
nhunh vu thun chnh doo dou tron chut oong cou x mung trum do tuo
non nhong so kot no tot vo khu nung cuch y cuo.
- Kh houn thon gong kot hop so dong nhong ho thong duo no ro
nhunh nuy th so trunh dooc hon toong soy gum doong knh trong thoo
cuc cup ong chong vu khu thuc
Vo nhong gong co thun gong nhunh nho hon houc bung 6
nch th ho thong thot b houn thon gong buo gom:
Ho thong bun mo o tron ong chong vun hunh thong
qou cood tobng
Duo troo ong ong
luckor khu thuc
1hot b kom sout dong chuy
Hc tbong ban mo va: nhong munh von cou qou trnh bun mo vu co tho
gum do thum hoo dong dun don voc hun cho dong chuy. Vo voc so
dong ho thong bun mo vu doo cun bung dooc thu bung tobng 2 l/8
nch so gum thoo khu nung um nhoo bun tung sun phum.
kicm soat dong cbav : ho thong buo gom cuc ong troot tsdng soovos),
nppo, vu cuc not cun vun hunh tron tobng huy cood tobng vo up
sout vu nhot do on don l0.000 ps vu 450
o
l. Cuc thot b nuy co tho dut
tu but co v tr nuo trong thun nhunh vu co tho tho ho dooc
Tbict bi Ioc cat : co tho up dut trong cuc thun nhunh num ngung, thun
gong nhunh co bun knh cong nho, phoc ho huy xo y gong
Mot so tbict bi boan tbicn tban nbanb ticn ticn
Fxpandahlc Complction Iincr (FCI)
- 1ung tnh on dnh cou thunh gong, tuo khu nung cuch y vu xo y coc bo nhong
doun gong xuc dnh.
- Cho phop cun thop vuo gong vo khu nung qoun y vu hoo qou hon.
- LCL dooc kot hop vo ho thong troo ong ong tLnor Hungor Systom) vu dou tron
ngoyon tuc gun no ong nho up sout thoy oc. LCL co tho gun no trong khoung to
2 7/8 nch cho don 5 nch toy thoo ong choun bun duo.
- Voc ong dong LCL trong khu thuc u gum dooc oong nooc vu xum nhup vu
tung sun oong khu thuc
-1hot b LCL thch hop cho cuc gong du nhunh co doong knh nho tvun hunh
kho khun hon so vo gong thong thoong)
- LCL so dong trong gong du nhunh khong b go hun bo choo suo vu do du
cou thun nhunh trong tung sun phum. Ho thong LCL gop coc du hou doong
knh trong cou cuc thot b khu thuc, nho vuy to oo hou dooc qou trnh khu thuc
suo nuy
Mot so tbict bi boan tbicn tban nbanb ticn ticn
FXPrcvvTM Fxpandahlc ScrccnS
Ho thong thot b cou ukor Hoghos gop tot kom ch ph houn thon gong du
nhunh. Lxpross1M up dong trong gong du nhunh thun trun so gop cho gong co
nhong duc tnh ky thout nho u gong dooc chong ong soot vu trum x mung. Ho
thong duc bot nuy kot hop ong oc cut co khu nung gun no toxpundubo sund
contro souton) vo duo no cuch y coc bo ong vo khu nung gun no tsod
oxpundubo zonu souton) vu cong dooc thu vuo duy thun gong nhunh.
|o dom cou ho thong nuy u:
Ch so sun phum khu thuc tot hon
1ung too tho cho gong
Ngun ngou so ho hu cou thunh ho
Cum dong chuy vu gum up trong vunh xoyon
1ung do bon vu do on dnh cou thunh gong
Co tho houn thon gong vo doong knh trong on hon non gong du
nhunh khu thuc so hoo qou hon, tuo khu nung cuch y coc bo
Co tho so dong dong dch houn thon gong goc duo huy goc nooc
Cong ngbc boan tbicn gicng da nbanb cac cap
Gicng cap 1: vuo nhong num l980, kh cong ngho khoun ngung phut
tron th koo houn thon gong du nhunh cup l tro non pho bon. Khong
cun cuc thot b mo cou so ong chong, ong ong, cuc thot b kom sout
dong chuy khu thuc vu cong khong dooc trum x mung.
Gicng cap 2: koo houn thon gong cup 2 thong dong nhut u dut ong
troot tsdng soovo) gou puckor dnh hoong vu puckor tho hu phu tron
v tr ro nhunh- Khu nung tuch dong to cuc gong nhunh cong u oo dom
cou koo houn thon nuy.
- Noo cun khu nung cun thop vuo cuc nhunh th thuy v so dong ong
troot co tho so dong nppo. 1hot b nuy um do hoong trong ong khu
thuc so dooc dut trong nppo nuy thnh u). Cood tobng suo do co tho
um voc thong qou nppo do phoc vo cong tuc sou gong.
Ngou ru co tho so dong mung xon ov throogh vu ong ong co nhong
runh du dooc dut o nhunh tron thong cou so ong chong thnh b).
Hoan tbicn gicng cap 2
Gicng cap 3: ong chong ong dooc trum
x mung vu dooc no vuo thun gong
chnh du chong ong vu trum x mung
cong vo mung xon, suo do ton hunh
rou gong vu tho ho mung xon.
- Cuc thun nhunh dooc houn thon
bung cuc ho thong cho phop cun thop
vuo gong huy ho thong ong troot co
cong duc tnh ky thout nho gong cup 2
phu tron.
- Coy trnh trum x mung vu rou ong
chong ong u mot phun trong qoy trnh
up dut ho thong duo no ro nhunh
Gicng cap 4 : do houn thon gong du nhunh cup 4 gom 2 nhunh rong
bot, l puckor cuch y dooc dut trong ong chong ong cou thun nhunh
-1hot b houn thon ro nhunh 2 thun kop tdou-boro dvortor too) dooc
dut tron puckor dnh hoong
- l nhunh cou thot b gun vo puckor dnh hoong trong thun gong
chnh, nhunh con u hoong vuo thun nhunh vu no vuo puckor cuch y
thoy oc
- Suo do l puckor kop dooc dut vuo phu tron thot b houn thon kop
phu tron cou so ro nhunh. Nho vuy trong gong co 3 dom dooc bt kn
cuch y houn toun co tho cho dooc moc chonh up on don 5000 ps
- Dong sun phum co tho dooc kom sout tdong huy mo) nho vuo ho thong
vun trong choo ong khu thuc mu khong cun so dong cuc not cuch y
duy gong houc ong troot tum tho
Cuc koo houn thon gong cup 4
a. Khai thac rieng biet; b. Khai thac ket hp c. He thong Downhole SplitterTM
Dong dicb boan tbicn gicng (DriII-in FIoid)
Cuc dong dch dr-n od tDll) dooc thot ko duc bot cho ong dong
khoun tuo nhunh cou gong du nhunh.
l- lLklLO\ tDll): rut thch hop cho thunh ho cut kot, buo vo chuc
chun cho tung sun phum vu cuc op vo sot tuo ru do dung b rou tro bo
dong sun phum d on.
- 1hot ko so dong trong cuc vu up sout bnh thoong houc soy gum
nhoo. Hoo qou trong voc tu tuo dong chuy cou sun phum tro u trong
cuc thun gong du b ho hu.
2- CLLAk-DklLLSM: Ho dong dch khong co nhong hut run to do kot
hop mu dong moo co do hou tun cuo do buo vo tung sun phum non
thch hop cho qou trnh tuo nhunh. V khong so dong uxt hou tun non
khong phu hoy thunh ho.
3- lOLOSLSM90: cong gong nho CLLAk-DklLLSM nhong vo duc tnh
oo bon thup vu do bo tron cuo non khong tho dup ong dooc nhong
doo kon khoun khuc nghot tyoo cuo khong mut dong dch vu hun cho
thunh tuo nho toong trong qou trnh tuo nhunh).
kFT tAN
- Cong ngho khoun du nhunh u so tch hop cou cuc cong ngho ton ton
nhut trong gong dong, gong dnh hoong vu nhong ky thout hon du
thooc mot so nh voc khuc
- |ng dong cou gong du nhunh u rut du dung to cuc hout dong thum
dokhu thuc, phut tron mo don phoc ho cuc gong co
- Cong ngho nuy gop cu thon ch so khu thuc, nung cuo ho so tho ho
duo, tung hoo qou bom op so vo cuc gong thong thoong
- Vo cong ngho khoun vu houn thon gong du nhunh, co tho tot kom
dooc rut nhoo ch ph duo to cong nho ch ph vun hunh khu thuc. 1nh
hoo qou cou cong ngho nuy u mot duc dom no but so vo cuc cong
ngho khoun troyon thong khuc
1oy nhon, do dut dooc nhong hoo qou th thot ko cong nho th cong
gong phu thut khou hoc vu ch tot, chon ou up dong vuo nhong do
toong pho hop
Nhong vun do cun xom xot kh thot ko ho thong gong khoun du nhunh
u:
- Do toong u cuc gong co huy gong mo : Vo cuc gong mo buo go
cong tuo dooc moc do nh hout trong thot ko vu khong pho thooc vuo
cuc thot b hon co. Non so dong ho thong phun tch dom not trong
khu thuc vu mo hnh hou vu do co tho tnh toun dooc nhong thong so
to oo cho voc thot ko gong khoun du nhunh
- Duo no ro nhunh dooc so dong dou tron cuc yoo cuo vo do bon co hoc,
khu nung buo toun up sout cho nhong thun nhunh, ong sout cou thunh ho
vu khu nung cun thop vuo cuc thun gong nhunh suo nuy
- Nhong hoo bot vo tung sun phum u rut qoun trong, duc bot u do vo
cong tuc khoun thum do huy phut tron cuc gong mo trong nhong kho
voc houn toun mo.
kFT tAN
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CNG NGH BN M VA
NI DUNG TRNH BY
Q Khi nim
Q Mc ch
Q Cc thng s bn m va
Q Qui trnh bn m va
Q Kt lun
KHI NIM BN M VA
Bn m va l qui trnh c thng cc l trn thnh
ng chng, vnh ximng v thng su vo
thnh h nhm to knh dn vo y ging
MC CH BN M VA
Sau qu trnh trm ximng ct ng chng, tng cha b
cch ly hon ton y ging. c dng sn phm,
phi to knh dn lin thng t va vo y ging khai
thc. Theo knh dn ny, cht lu s i vo ging
ging khai thc. Nh vy, bn m va l nhm mc
ch to knh dn cho php cht lu t va chy vo
ging khai thc.
M HNH VNG BN M VA
CC THNG S BN M VA
Vic bn m va to knh dn cho cht lu chy vo ging
nhng cng c th gy nhim bn thnh h, gim thm
ca t vy quanh
V vy, cng tc bn m va i hi phi c thit k hp
l nhm khai thc hiu qu, duy tr p sut va v tng
cng h s thu hi du. S hp l c th hin qua vic
xc nh cc thng s bn m va.
CC THNG S BN M VA
1. Mt l bn
2. Chiu su xm nhp
3. ng knh l bn
4. Gc pha
MT L BN
+ Mt l bn l s l bn trn 1 feet chiu di ca
sng, chiu tt c l bn ln ng sinh ca sng th s
l bn trn 1 ft chiu di.
+Thng thng mt l bn l 4 l/feet. Nu thnh h
yu th gim xung 2 l/feet. c bit i vi thnh h
cht st t ct th mt c th ti 24 l/feet.
+Mt l bn ln th sn lng khai thc nhiu v
ngc li. Tuy nhin, mt l bn qu ln d dn n
nguy c lm yu ct ng chng v sp l thnh h.
CHIU SU XM NHP
Chiu su xm nhp
l khong cch t
thnh ging n cui
khe nt (do n bn
m va hay p lc do
khi thuc n, tia thy
lc) gy ra trong
thnh h.
NG KNH L BN
- ng knh l bn l ng knh nhng l trn
ng chng do s ph hy ca sng bn gy ra.
- ng knh ny ph thuc vo loi sng, loi
n v yu cu ca cng tc bn m va.
GC PHA
- Gc pha bn l gc lch gia hai hng l bn
gn nhau.
- Gc pha thay i t 0
0
180
0
ty theo loi sng,
mt l bn v tnh cht thnh h
QUI TRNH BN M VA
1. Cc phng php ko th sng bn m va
2. Cc phng php bn m va
Ko th bng cp trong ng chng
- Sng c th bng cp
trc khi th ct ng khai
thc, l bn v chiu su
xm nhp ln.
- Cp uc iu khin trn b
mt, c dn qua rng rc,
sng bn va c ni vo
cp v th qua thit b chng
phun b mt xung ging.
Hn ch: kh vn hnh i vi
ging ngang v ging c gc
lch ln
Ko th bng cp trong ng khai thc
- Sng c th vo trong ct ng khai thc.
Sau lp t mt paker trn vng bn
m va.
u im: cho php khai thc ngay sau khi
bn
Hn ch:
+ kch thc sng b gii hn nn mt
bn m va v chiu su xm nhp cng gii
hn.
+ hn ch trong ging khoan ngang v ging
c lch ln.
Ko th bng ng khai thc
- Sng c gn vo di
ng khai thc v th vo cng
vi ng khai thc. Khi kch n,
mt phn hoc ton b sng
b rt xung phn rn ging.
u im: thun li trong
ging khoan nh hng
Hn ch: chi ph cao
c bng n
- Loi n c tc dng bn ni tip:
lm gim tc ng ca p lc ln ng
chng v gi c ng chng khi b
bin dng, nt n.
- Loi n c tc dng bn tch bit:
bn tng vin theo th t. Dng bn
trong cc va mng v c xen k cc
tng cha nc hoc st.
- su xm nhp: 2.5m
Hn ch: mt nng lng rt nhanh
+ Loai an co tac dung ban tng loat. VD: Loai an co ng knh
84mm va 98mm. Loai an nay tao ap lc 700 kg/cm
3
va nhiet o
lam viec gan 127
0
C.
+ Ngoai ra con dung an co cha thuoc no pha. Loai nay lam tang
them kha nang uc m va c s dung co hieu qua e ban nhng
va day.
+ Ngoai ra ta con co cac loai an nh: Loai an co tac dung ban noi
tiep va loai co tac dung ban tach biet.
+ Nhc iem: Mat nang lng rat nhanh khi tac ong cua an len ong
chong.
+ Ban bang an s dung nhng ni co at a va vanh tram xi mang
xung quanh ong chong yeu.
c bng n
c bng tia xuyn
- c bng tia xuyn l nh cht to n v c sc
xuyn ph rt mnh.
-Vn tc tia n 8.000 10.000 m/s vi p lc to
ra l 300 triu kG/cm
2
.
- su xm nhp t c l: 30m
Doc bung tu xoyon u nho chut tuo no tuo thunh nhong tu xoyon co
soc xoyon phu munh.
Vun toc cou nhong tu no nuy khoung 8000-l0000 m/s. Vo up oc kh
tu tuc dong on choong ngu vut u 300 troo kg/cm
3
. Nho vuy tu nuy
co do xoyon vo cong on.
Doc bung tu xoyon cho phop mo vu buo dum vu tung thom do thum
thuo cou vu nho tuo thunh nhong kho suo vuo vu.
Kho oong cou chut guy no tuo tu xoyon khoung 25-50g. Do duy coc
du cou nhong khoung bun mo vu tuo tu xoyon dut dooc 30m. Chnh
v vuy mu phoong phup nuy dooc so dong khu pho bon.
Doc o bung tu xoyon dooc so dong hop y o nhong op dut du cong
trong doo kon kho thong gong vu vu gup nhoo kho khun.
c bng tia xuyn
QU TRNH N CA NGI N
c bng mn (hoc bng n lm)
- Loi n ny khc loi n
trn ch c u lm
(ng li) vi tc dng n
chm. u n lm phng
ra c ct ng chng v
vnh trm ximng ri i
tip su vo va n v
to thnh nhng khe rnh
ph.
- su xm nhp: 1m
c bng tia thy lc - ct
-Tia thy lc ct c to ra bi hn hp nc ha ln vi ct cng c
phng qua chui ming thit b phun vi p sut 1500 3000 kG/cm
2.
- S bin i p sut sang ng nng truyn cho cc phn t ct vi vn tc
chuyn ng v cng ln tc ng ln thnh ng, sau xuyn qua thnh ng
ng thi c thng vnh trm ximng v tip tc xuyn su vo cc lp t
.
- Cc thng s lm vic:
ng knh ct: 0.2 -1.2 mm
T l ct trong nc: 50 200 g/l
Vn tc c ng chng v t : 0.6 0.9 mm/s
Cng sut my bm: 50 70 MPa
-Cht lng dng bn tia thy lc: dung dch mui axt 5 -6% c x l cht
chng n mn.
Hn ch: cn khi lng thit b k thut cng sut ln, cng tc chun b vi
qui m ln, s lng ngi tham gia nhiu
Phng phap nay nc hoa lan vi cat cng co tnh mai mon cao c
phong qua chuoi mieng phun khoang 8 voi cua thiet b phun vi ap suat
t 1500-3000kg/cm
3
.
S bien oi ap suat sang ong nang chuyen cho cac phan t cat vi van
toc chuyen ong vo vung ln tac ong len thanh ong chong roi sau o
xuyen qua thanh ong roi ong thi uc thung vanh tram xi mang roi tiep
tuc xuyen sau vao cac lp at a cua va
Mieng cua thiet b phun cat c che t hp kim rat cng BK-6 e co the
chong lai nhng tac ong mai mon cua nhng tia nc lan vi cat phun
ra. ng knh cua lo phun khoang 3-6mm.
Cac thong so:
Cat co ng knh t 0,2-1,2mm
Ty le cat trong nc 50-200g/lt ( so lng cat khoang 8-10 tan)
Van toc uc ong chong va at a 0,6-0,9mm/s
+ Khi tien hanh ban thuy lc cat, s dung thiet b mieng gieng tieu chuan vi ap
suat lam viec at ti 70 MPa va cac may bm tram xi mang vi ap suat ln
(thng la 50-70 MPa) e bm ep hon hp chat long cat.
+ Hon hp chat long cat c chuan b trong mang tron cat co the tch cha cat
khoang 10m
3
va ay hnh pheu. Phia di cua may tron cat co gan dung cu
khuay. Van toc khuay tron t 13,5-267 vong/phut vi khoi lng bm cat t 3,4
en 676kg/phut tng ng.Ngoai ra may tron cat co gan them may bm ap
suat thap e chuyen hon hp cat-chat long. Toan bo may bm c at tren xe
oto tai hang nang( nhng mo tren at lien ) hoac c at tren san tau chuyen
dung khi tien hanh ngoai khi.
+ Ngoai ra tren he thong thiet b mieng gieng con co cac thiet b loc chu ap suat
ln e loc nhng phan t at a co kch thc ln ngan nga s tac nghen cua
voi phun trong qua trnh ban tia thuy lc cat. Khoi lng cat la 50-200kg oi vi
1m
3
chat long bm ep. Chat long dung e ban tia thuy lc-cat thng la dung
dch muoi axt co nong o khoang 5-6% a c x ly bi chat chong an mon.
+ u iem cua phng phap nay la tao c nhng khe nt co be mat sach, bao
toan va tang them o tham cua vung lan can ay gieng.
+ Nhc iem la can thiet b ky thuat co cong suat ln, cong tac tien hanh va
chuan b tren quy mo ln, so lng ngi tham gia nhieu nen dan ti gia thanh
cho phng phap nay cao.
KT LUN
- Phn ln cc ging khai thc du kh trn th gii c kiu hon thin ging
chng ng sut v trm ximng. Lc ny, cht lu b ngn cch vi ging
khai thc bi vnh trm ximng v ng chng. c c nhng dng sn
phm khai thc ta phi to ra nhng knh dn cho php cht lu i vo
ging. Vic to knh dn l cng tc bn m va.
- Chnh v th, cng tc bn m va c vai tr quan trng trong vic khai thc
du kh. Bn m va hp l s dn ti sn lng khai thc ln nhng vn
duy tr p sut va v tng h s thu hi du.
- Mt kha cnh cn phi xem xt ca cng tc bn m va l vic lm gim
thm xung quanh l bn. S gim thm ny ch yu do s bt nht
cc mnh vn trong qu trnh bn m va. V vy, cng vic m ta ch nht
l lm th no lm sch nhng vt liu vn cn st li bt nht trong cc
l bn ph?
Tel : 84-8-8654086
KHAO SA1 DO NHAY C|A
CAC 1HONC SO AN MO VlA NH
lH|ONC lHAl lHAN 1lCH DlLM N|1
Mo hnh bn m vu
lhun on cuc gong tron tho go doo co koo houn thon gong vo ong
chong soot vu trum x mung.
Nguy suo kh trum x mung cot ong chong khu thuc, tung chou b cot
ong chong vu vunh du x mung bt kn non phu ton hunh bun mo vu
do duo vu kh co tho chuy vuo gong. un mo vu hop y so dun to
khu thuc knh to duo vu kh, doy tr up sout vu vu tung coong ho so
tho ho duo.
1oy nhon voc bun mo vu cong um gum do thum cou dut du vuy
qounh,vu co unh hoong don voc khu thuc suo nuy.
Cuc thong so bun mo vu:
Mut do o bun
Choo suo xum nhup
Doong knh o bun
Coc phu
Moc dch bun mo vu
Mat do Io ban
Dong vao
Dong ra
P
wf
q
N
1
N
2
> N
1
N
3
> N
2
Cuc doong duc tnh
Cbico sao xam nbap
oong knb Io ban
P
1
= P
r
- P
wfs
= Loss in reservoir
P
2
= P
wfs
- P
wf
= Loss across completion
P
3
= P
wf
- P
wh
= Loss in tubing
P
4
= P
wh
- P
sep
= Loss in flowline
P
r
P
e
P
wfs
P
wf
P
1
= (P
r
- P
wfs
)
P
2
= (P
wfs
- P
wf
)
P
3
= P
wf
- P
wh
P
4
= (P
wh
- P
sep
)
P
sep
Sales line
Gas
Liquid
Stock tank
P
T
= P
r
- P
sep
= Total pressure loss
Co so Iv tbovct pban tcb dicm not
- lhoong phup phun tch dom not tNODAL unuyss)
thoong dooc ong dong trong voc phun tch duc tnh cou
ho thong gom nhoo bo phun toong tuc un nhuo
- Ho thong much don, mung oo doong ong huy bom y
tum co tho dooc phun tch thoo phoong phup nuy
- lhoong phup phun tch dom not dooc Cbort ong dong
trong gong khu thuc duo ton vuo num l954 vu suo do
dooc Nnd tl964) vu rovn tl978) phut tron
ticb so
Co so y thoyot phun tch dom not
- No dong cou phoong phup u ou chon mot dom not
trong ho thong khu thuc vu phun tch ho thong tu not nuy
- Duo vuo cou not gom cuc bo phun to vu sun phum don
not, con duo ru cou not gom cuc bo phun to not don mong
gong
- Mo on ho gou oo oong vu up sout trong tong bo phun
cou ho thong khu thuc dooc xuc dnh tu tong not xuc dnh.
- Loo oong chut oo d qou mot not trong ho thong dooc xuc
dnh kh thou mun cuc yoo cuo suo:
+ Loo oong vuo phu bung oo oong ru
+ Ch ton tu mot gu tr up sout tu not
Anb boong coa cac tbong so ban mo va cn dong cbav
to va vao gicng
1- Anb boong coa doi ncn cp (Crosbcd-zonc)
1hunh kho not b non chut non gum do thum
2- Anb boong doi nbicm ban
- Do b gum do thum do qou trnh khoun houc nhong tuc
dong co hoc trong houn thon gong
- Do duy cou do nuy kho dooc xuc dnh mot cuch chnh xuc
bung tho nghom khu thuc, do vrono
Mo hnh bun mo vu
- Yoo to unh hoong don sun oong khu thuc u ho so skn S:
S=S
k
+ S
+S
p
1rong do:
S
k
ho so unh hoong cou thunh ho
S
ho so unh hoong cou dong dch d choyon trong vu

S
p
ho so unh hoong cou qou trnh bun mo vu
- 1hunh phun S
p
guy cun tro dong chuy trong vu do bun mo
vu
- Kh choo suo xum nhup vu doong knh o bun on so um
tung sun oong khu thuc
Anb boong coa cac tbong so ban mo va
dcn dong cbav to va vao gicng
Cac kico boan tbicn gicng
Co 3 koo houn thon gong:
+ Houn thon gong thun trun
+ Houn thon gong bung ong chong tsoot
houc ong), trum x mung vu bun mo vu
+ Houn thon gong bung bun mo vu co on
so
So dong pboong pbap dicm not dc kbao
sat cac tbong so trong tnb toan boan
tbicn gicng bang ong cbong (soot boac
Iong), tram xi mang va ban mo va
Hoo sout bun mo vu
- 1rong thot ko houn thon gong bung bun mo vu, vun do
qoun trong nhut u xuc dnh hoo sout bun mo vu
- Hoo sout bun mo vu u khu nung dun oo chut to vu vuo
gong suo kh houn thon
- Hoo sout nuy pho thooc vuo mut do o bun, doong knh o
bun, do suo xum nhup cou o bun, moc do nhom bun xong
qounh o bun vu goc phu bun
-Dun tuo up sout so tuo xong qounh o bun mot vong co do thum gum
tvong b non op)
- Vong b non op nuy guy ton thut up sout cou dong chuy on
Vong non op
Hoo qou cou phoong phup houn thon gong bung ong
chong, trum x mung vu bun mo vu pho thooc vuo cu hu
thunh phun: vu vu o bun:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
R wf R p o R p o
R wf R p sc R p sc
p p A A q B B q
p p A A q B B q
+
= + + +
= + +
Hoo qou cou phoong phup houn thon gong
1hunh phun chuy tung trong o bun cho unh hoong cou mut
do vu koo o bun, unh hoong cou so non chut xong qounh o
bun vu dooc tnh thoo cuc phoong trnh suo:
- Do vo duo:
- Do vo kh:
( )
141.2 .
.
o o
p p dp
oR
B
A S S
k h
= +
( )
1422 . .
.
g
p p dp
gR
Z T
A S S
k h
= +
Ho so A
p
- Noo do oo vo cuc o bun duy do th co tho tnh dooc S
p
vu S
dp
- S
p
pho thooc vuo mut do o bun, choo du o bun, doong knh o bun,
goc phu bun, bun knh gong, do thum vong b nhom bun, ty so do thum
doc vu ngung, bun knh vong nhom bun
- Sp cong co tho xuc dnh to boo do cou Locko. Sudkovsk dou ru cong
thoc xuc dnh nho suo:
0,5
1 ln 2
R
p
p w v
k h h
S
h r k

=

Ho so S
p
Ho so
p
- McLood dou ru phoong trnh do tnh unh hoong cou dong chuy doc
thoo vong b non op nho suo:
Do vo duo:
Do vo kh:
h choo du tong cong cou vu, t
L
p
choo du o bun, t
N tong so o bun
k
k
do thum cou vu, md
k
dp
do thum vong b non op, md
r
p
bun knh o bun, n
r
dp
bun knh vong b non op, n
- lhun ton thut up sout on nhut doc thoo o bun u dong chuy ro tph
Durcy) qou vong b non op.
12
2 2
3,161.10 . . .
. .
dp g
p
p p
ZT
B
r L N

=
- Ho so vun toc dooc tnh to ho so thum vong b non op thoo
phoong trnh:
- Nhoo bon trong phoong trnh houn thon gong bung bun
mo vu rut kho xuc dnh nho: do thum vong choyon top, bun
knh vong b non op, choo du o bun vu bun knh vong
choyon top. Mot vu thong so tron co tho dooc xuc dnh to
do oo khuo sut All kl-43 cou cuc cong ty dch vo bun mo
vu
10
1,2
2, 33.10
dp
dp
k
=
Ho so
dp
McLood do ngh tnh cuc ho so suo nuy trong hu troong hop:
un mo vu trong gong duy dong dch khoun:
un mo vu trong gong duy nooc bon:
1rong do kc/kp nhun to do oo khuo sut All
dp
c
R
k
k
k k
=
dp
c
d
k
k
k k
=
Ho so k
dp
1rong troong hop khong co khuo sut tu cong co tho xuc dnh
thoo bung suo:
1 dooi can bang Ioo cbat Iv toong
0,3 0,5 dooi can bang Ioo cbat sacb
0,08 0,16 trcn can bang nooc bicn kbong dooc Ioc
0,04 0,06 trcn can bang nooc bicn dooc Ioc
0,02 0,04 trcn can bang dong dicb kboan co bam Ioong ran
tbap
0,01 0,03 trcn can bang dong dicb kboan co bam Ioong ran
cao
k
c
/k
p
ico kicn ap soat Dong dicb trong gicng
1y so k
c
/k
p
- McLood khoyon cuo non uy do duy vong b non op khoung
0,5 n, toc:
r
dp
= r
p
+ 0,5 tr
p
tnh bung n)
- Noo khong co thong tn vo bun knh vong choyon top th
co tho dong:
r
d
= r
v
+ l tvo r
v
tnh bung t)
Choo du vong non op r
dp
Co thoo phun mom lposm
- lposm u phun mom cou Schomborgor
- lhoong phup dom not u co so xuy dong phun mom nuy
vu dong do:
Xuy dong mo hnh dong chuy vu tm mo hnh phun unh do chnh xuc
cuo nhut cou vu
Dong do thot ko gong, ho thong gust,
Moc dch
Cou so nhup do oo
Cou so nhup do oo
Cou so nhup do oo
Cou so nhup do oo
Mo hnh lsoodo Stoudy Stuto
Mo hnh lsoodo Stoudy Stuto
Mo hnh 1runsont
Mo hnh 1runsont
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GI DNG SN PHM
NI DUNG
Moc dch vu yoo cuo
Ngoyon y go dong sun phum
Cuc phoong phup go dong sun phum
Cuc yoo to unh hoong don cong tuc go dong sun
phum
Ky thout un toun trong cong tuc go dong sun
phum duo kh
MC CH V YU CU
1. MC CH
To dng sn phm t va chy vo ging
2. YU CU
- Khng lm nh hng xu n cc tnh cht vt l ca va,
c bit vng cn y ging v mi trng xung quanh
- Khng ph v s phn b trng thi n nh tng i ban
u ca cc lu cht trong va cng nh khng kch thch s
xm nhp ca cc cht lu khng mong mun
- u tin cc phng php s dng cc thit b c sn trn
gin khoan, hiu qu cao
- m bo ti a yu cu an ton lao ng
NGUYN L GI DNG SN PHM
+ lhoong phup go dong dooc ou chon du tron co so phun
tch:
o kn cou vu sun phum tup sout vu, choo
suo vu, tnh chut y hou cou sun phum, tnh
chut thum oc cou vu sun phum)
1rung thot b hon co
Moc do nhom bun cou vu sn phm
Moc chonh up cun thot do to dong sun phum to vu vuo
duy gong c tnh thoo cong thoc:
P = Pv {(H* )/10}*cos >= p
SKIN
+ p
LOST
H: chiu cao ct cht lng trong ging (m)
: t trng ca ct cht lng trong ging (g/cm
3
)
: gc nghing ca ging (
0
)
P
v
: p sut va (at)
p
skin
v p
lost :
tng ng tn tht p sut do hiu ng
skin v dng chy t va vo ging
MC CHNH P
to ra chnh p cn thit (gia p sut va v p
sut y ging), c th:
- Gim t trng cht lng trong ging khoan
- Gim chiu cao ct dung dch trong ging
khoan
- Gim ng thi t trng ln chiu cao ct dung
dch trong ging khoan
- Gim tr s tn tht p sut skin
PHNG PHP GI DNG SN PHM
CAC FHUONG FHAF GOl DONG SAN FHAM
1huy dong dch
So dong nto ong
lhoong phup gust
So dong ho bot
Kh hou ct dong dch
m phon tu
Dong guo moc houc pt tong
lH|ONC lHAl 1HAY D|NC DlCH
Cuch ton hunh:
- 1hu cot ong khu thuc tOK1) xoong n tng sn phm
-om nooc vuo khoung khong vunh xoyon, hon hop dong dch sot so d on thoo
cot OK1 to kh ton hunh thoo qoy trnh ngooc)
|o dom:
- Cu tr up sout thuy do to to thoo so gu tung cou cot chut ong thuy tho, cho
phop qoun sut up sout gong tot.
- Mung nhong vn du cong to khoung bun m vu thoo cot OK1 vo vun toc toong
do on
Nhooc dom:
- Ch tuo dooc cot up nhut dnh
- Mut nhoo tho gun toun houn dong dch duc bot u kh vu co up sout d
thoong um houc toong do nho. Do vuy phoong phup nuy up dong cho nhong do
toong co up sout vu do thum toong do cuo
COl DONC ANC Nl1O LONC
Cuch ton hunh:
- Nto ong dooc chou trong cuc bon vo up sout cuo vu dooc
bom qou ong mom xoong to duy gong
- Do up sout thoy tnh cou cot dong dch trong gong nho
hon up sout hou ong cou nto non nto ong hou kh vo mot
tho tch do do hou tun vuo dong dch, tuo moc chonh up cun
thot
|| VA NH|OC DlLM
|o dom:
- So dong nto ong do go dong cuc gong duo co do un toun cuo
nhut v khong co khu nung tuo hon hop no vo kh trong vu
- 1ho gun go dong nhunh
- 1uo dooc moc chonh up khu on
- kut hoo qou do vo cuc gong suo kh ton hunh not vu thoy oc
Nbooc dicm:
- Ch ph rut cuo
- Kh gong b nhom bun nung th hoo qou khong cuo
- Do ho thot b duc bot nho muy non nto ong, bon chou vu thot
b thu ong mom cong bo ong mom choyon dong tphu nhup to nooc
ngou)
COl DONC ANC lH|ONC lHAl CASLll1
Cacb ticn banb
- Lup vun gust tu do suo H nho hon choo suo to du H
mux
mu muy
non kh co tho hu dooc moc nooc ngou cun
- Do chonh up gou ngou vu trong cun, tu do so co mot phun kh to
ngou cun d vuo trong cun vu but duo qou trnh kh hou cot nooc
trong cun
- Cou trnh phut tron dong tho vo so gum dun up sout trong cun
tu v tr dut vun gust
- Do do moc chut ong ngou cun dooc duy to v tr suo hon vu
dong u kh dut trung thu cun bung up sout gou trong cun vu ngou
cun tu mut top xoc kh non nooc
- Do top toc duy xoong suo hon tu co tho dut vun gust tho hu cuo
hon v tr cun bung do 20m
|| VA NH|OC DlLM
|o dom
- Moc do hou kh chut ong trong gong dooc thoc hon mot cuch do
dung dup ong choo suo thot ko
- Co tho bom hou phum vuo kh cong tuctkh non) do tung coong khu
nung um voc cou gong
- Kh to do vu nhot do vu cuo khong unh hoong to qou trnh um voc
cou gong gust trong tho gun go dong
- Ho thong gust trong tum cho phop cong mot oc doo khon hung out
gong
Nbooc dicm
- Duo to bun duo on, ch ph khu thuc mot tun duo tung
PHNG PHAP GOI DONG BANG S DUNG HE BOT
Cach tien hanh: chat bot thuoc loai hai thanh phan, khi bm
rieng biet(vi cac chat c che) xuong ay gieng, trong ieu
kien nhiet o va ap suat nhat nh, hai chat nay se phan ng
vi nhau va sinh bot. Sau khi hnh thanh, bot se chiem cho cua
dung dch ngay tai ay gieng va hoa tan dan vao dung dch,
dan en lam giam t trong cua dung dch.

|| VA NH|OC DlLM
|o dom
- Ch ph thup, thot b vut to don gun
- Hoo qou do vo cuc gong co choo suo khong on, moc do nhom bun vong
cun duy gong thup
- Do dung doo chnh ty trong cou ho dong dch bot trooc kh bom vuo gong
- Co tho tun dong cuc ngoon kh cuo up
Nhooc dom
- 1ho gun cun thot do thoc hon mot vong toun houn on
- Cong tuc choun b phu cho duo, nhut u cuc muy bom, muy non kh.
- Kho kom sout dooc do suo tuo bot, khong khong cho dooc toc do tuo bot vu do
bot tuo thunh khu bon non suo kh bot du on to mong gong, phu dong hou
chut do hoy bot
- Do so dong nhoo hou chut non gu thunh cong nho u tnh doc hu cou phoong
phup nuy rut cuo
CAC YF TO ANH HUONG FN CONG TAC GOl
DONG SAN FHAM
+ Moc do houn thon gong
+ Dong dch khoun mo vu sun phum
+ X mung trum
Tel : 84-8-8654086
U^C DU^C CO^C ^CHL COLLD
TU^C TRO^C !O LOC, ^ \O V,
XU LY XT V CUU SU CO
NOl D|NC
- Cou trnh hnh thunh vu phut tron
- Cuo tuo cou thot b Cood 1obng
- |ng dong cou Cood 1obng
ClOl 1HlL|
- Cood 1obng u mot ou ong thop du on toc, co do
bon cuo, dooc qoun tron tung coon ong vu co tho vun
choyon do dung bung cuc phoong ton choyon dong
- Mot coon cood tobng thoong co kho oong khoung
40.000 b tkhoung l8.l44 kg)
- 1hoong d kom vo mot so thot b pho tro ttung qoun
ong, duo duy cood tobng, cubn doo khon) tuo thunh mot
bo thot b cood tobng
Cou trnh hnh thunh phut tron
- Num l944: un duo ton cood tobng dooc so dong trong do un lL|1O
- Num l960: ovon 1oos du thoc hon vun choyon mot ungton rudo
doo bon bung mot duo duy ngum
- Num l975: |n-lox go thoo mot duo duy ong dooc thot ko mo co
so unh hoong rut on
- Duo l980: Nhoo thot ko thuy do vu cu ton do tung coong thot b
cood tobng
- Num l993: Couty 1obng dooc nhun bung sung cho cho choo ong
mom on toc
- Num 2002: An1och Ltd phut mnh vo bo dong co duy HA, tro thunh
phut mnh dong duo trong so l0 phut mnh qoun trong nhut trong ngunh
duo kh
Vut oo cho tuo Cood 1obng
l997 Dung nghon coo Compostos
l997/l998 Cun tho gong/ong khu thuc vun toc cuo l3 Ck-N
Stunoss
l996 Ong khu thuc dut gou cuc luckor 1tunom Crudo
l8
l992 1hot b dong tum 1tunom Crudo
l2
l99l hun cho vo khu nung hun vu too tho C & 1 Stoo
l980 1oun bo. Dung nghon coo cho cuc ong dong
yoo cuo do bon cuo
HSLA Stoo
l962 1oun bo Curbon Stoo
Nam tinb voc ap dong Vat Iico
Nhong cong ty ong dong Cood 1obng
560 1ong cong
l9 1rcun
l9 Sorgotnotogus
28 Codd
34 Soporor
l00 Huborton
l59 l
200 Schomborgor
So thot b Cood 1obng Cong ty
AN DO CAC KH| V|C S| D|NC COlLLD 1|lNC
Cuo tuo cou bo thot b Cood 1obng
- Duo duy ong
- 1ung qoun ong
- Com Ol duo gong
- 1hot b troyon nung oong thoy oc
- ung doo khon
Co nhoo ou thot b Cood 1obng
phoc vo cho non cong nghop nhong
chom oo tho hon nuy vun u ou duo
duy xch troyon thung dong qouy
ngooc choo nhuo
Duo duy ong tlnoctor Houd)
- Cong cup oc duy do dun ong vuo
trong gong, chong u up sout cun
houc do thung mu sut trong gong
- Kom sout toc do vuo gong cou ong
trong cuc doo kon gong nhuo
- Cho toun bo trong oong troo cou
ong vu tung toc do koo kh rot ong ru
kho gong.
1ung qoun ong tkoo)
- Co cuo tuo bung thop
- Doong knh mut bch u 9t
- Coun dooc khoung 26.000 t C1 l nch vu
khoung 22.000 t C1 l nch
- So qouy tung qoun dooc kom sout bung mot
dong co thoy oc
- Cuc nh kon un toun pho tro cou tung qoun
ong dooc dong do thoc hon voc phunh thoy oc
nhunh
Com Ol duo gong t\ohoud Ol stuck)
- Lu phun rut qoun trong trong bo thot b
C1
- Com 4 ngum tdong gong, cut ong,
dung chuo, chun ong)
- Vun hunh thoo co cho thoy oc up sout
um voc thup nhut u l0.000 psg
1hot b troyon nung oong thoy oc
- Dooc dnh co do vun hunh tut cu cuc bo phun cou bo thot
b C1
- Kch thooc cou dong co do vuy cong so thuy do thoo yoo
cuo vo thot b troyon thoy oc
- Com dong co chnh trong huo hot thot b C1 co trung b
dong co doso vu bom thoy oc
ung doo khon tContro consoo)
- 1huy do toy thoo nhu sun xout
- Com tut cu cuc nom doo khon vu thot b
do cun thot do vun hunh vu gum sut cuc
bo phun cou thot b C1
- Dong co lnoctor houd vu tung qoun ong
dooc kho dong to bung doo khon nuy
thong qou cuc vun
- 1ron bung doo khon con co cuc ho thong
doo chnh xch troyon, ong dom kn vu
com Ol.
Cuc thot b pho tro khuc
- Muy bom dong dch
- Muy bom N
2
- 1hong tron vu tho ho chut oo
- Ho thong doong ong trong bom
- Ho thong doong ho
|NC D|NC 1HlL1 l COlLLD 1|lNC 1kONC
VAN HANH LOC VA AN MO VlA
La hai giai oan khong the thieu trong qua trnh hoan thien
gieng
Kiem tra chat lng tram xi mang cot ong khai thac
Xac nh chieu day tang san pham va chon khoang ban m
va hp ly
Trc ay c van hanh bang ky thuat cap ti. Tuy nhien
vi ky thuat nay, viec keo tha trong cac gieng ngang tr
nen kho khan, chat lu co o nht thap, ap suat cao, phai
dap gieng trong qua trnh keo tha
Viec s dung cong nghe CT a khac phuc c nhng
nhc iem nay
|| DlLM
Cho phop koo thu thot b do dung trong cuc gong khoun
ngung, gong co do och on houc trong nhong ong xoun
Co tho koo thu on toc mu khong cun dong u do up dut
doong ong
Khong gup tro ngu trong gong co do nhot cuo houc gong
co sun oong khu thuc on
1on hunh toun houn dong dch trong qou trnh vun hunh
bom non khong cun phu dup gong, tuo dooc hoo ong
ondorbuuncod, um such duy gong trooc kh bun vu
Cup don dooc buo qoun bon trong C1 non co do tn cuy
cuo
Vun hunh nhunh chong
LAl KL HOACH VAN HANH CONC VlLC
- Dunh gu vo ch ph vu hoo qou knh to
- Xuc dnh cuc thong so cou vu unh hoong don qou trnh
vun hunh
- Chon ou, kom tru vu tho nghom tut cu cuc thot b vun
hunh
|NC D|NC C|A 1HlL1 l COlLLD 1|lNC
1kONC C|A 1klNH LAM SACH ClLNC KHOAN
Co cbc gav nbicm ban:
- Cuc vut run bt nhot tung chou
- So tuc nghon do nooc
- So troong no cou khoung vut sot
- So d tro tch to cou cuc vut oo mn
Fboong pbap xo Iv:
- Hou hoc
- Co hoc
- ung nhot
|NC D|NC C|A COlLLD 1|lNC 1kONC X|
LY V|NC CAN DAY ClLNC
- Goi dong bang Nito Iong
|o dom: khong co khu nung tuo thunh hon hop no
kh trong vu, tuo do chonh up on
Nhooc dom: gu thunh cuo, cong ngho phoc tup, pho
thooc rut on vuo cuc phoong ton vun choyon vu kh huo
- om roa dav gicng
Not vu thoy oc nho C1 kot hop vo puckor ngun cuch, muc
do um tung ch ph hout dong nhong no um tung hoo sout
khu thuc vu tot kom tho gun
|| DlLM C|A C1 1kONC X| LY AXl1
- Cum thoo nhong ngoy co guy nhom bun thunh ho phut snh trong
qou trnh ton hunh cong voc
- Duy suo vuo gong vo up sout thup
- o qou cong tuc dup gong bung dong dch ty trong cuo, do guy nhom
bun
- Dong dch dooc bom qou C1 co choc nung rou such C1 trong qou trnh
toun houn
- Axt co tho dooc chon ou bom op vuo dong v tr mong moon huy toun
houn trong thun gong nhum phun pho doo toun bo dong dch cho
khoung thunh ho cun xo y
- Nho duc tnh vong kn tcosod oop) cou cong tuc vun hunh C1 du
cho phop kom sout gong on toc, cuch nhong ngoy hom nho kh H
2
S
vu kh uxt to duo gong ru khong kh
NH|OC DlLM C|A C1 1kONC C|A 1klNH X|
LY AXl1
- lho thooc vuo doong knh vu choo du C1, ton huo up sout do mu sut
co tho u nhun to um cun tro voc dut to oo oong bom op mong moon
- 1hom cuc ph ton on qoun to dch vo C1 so vo kh ong dong cuc
phoong phup xo y thong thoong
- Muc do cuc phoong phup cuch y co hoc nho dong puckor no dooc
tnutubo puckor) vu cuo x mung tbrdgo pog) co tho thoc hon kot hop
vo C1, nhong go hun chonh och up sout xoyon qou cuc phun puckor
nuy th nho hon dung ko so vo kh dong cuc puckor troyon thong
C|| S| CO VOl COlLLD 1|lNC
1rong qou trnh vun hunh sun xout, vut b kot dot guy
cun tho ho gom:
- Cuc doun ong, doun cup b dot guy do un mon, ho
hu do voot qou go hun bon
- Cuc not b gun no, cuc khou mundro b kot
- Cuc thot b duy gong b kot, dot guy trong qou trnh
koo thu, vun hunh
|| DlLM C|A C|| S| CO VOl C1
- Cood tobng cho dooc oc cung on hon cup
- Vun hunh hoo qou trong cuc gong khoun ngung vu cuc
gong co do och on
- Cho phop ton hunh toun houn trong qou trnh coo so co
non dong co coo kot co tho top cun vu coo dooc cuc vut kot
b vo up
NH|OC DlLM C|A C|| S| CO VOl C1
- Do ho ky thout phoc tup vu cuc thot b dong bo
- Ch ph vu ro ro pho thooc rut nhoo vuo so houn thon,
houn chnh cou thot b tnho duo no, thot b do up)
- Ngoo vun hunh phu co knh nghom vu hoo ro vo cong
ngho C1
Ch ph dong C1 dut hon kh dong vrono
D|NC C| C|| KL1 VAN HANH ANC C1
- Duo no C1
- Vun kom tru
- o gu toc
- Dong co dup thoy oc
- 1hot b gu thout khun cup
- Khop no
- Dong co dnh tum thoy oc
- Dong co coo kot
CAC VAN DL CAN C|AN 1AM KHl C|| KL1
- Xuc dnh v tr cou vut b kot, hnh dung vu duc dom cou
cho b dot guy
- Dunh gu toong qoun vo hoo qou vu ch ph kh qoyot dnh
dong C1
- Do tro ch ph phut snh cou do un
- 1ho nghom cuc phoong phup trooc kh dou vuo gong
- Kom tru un toun cuc thot b
- Lup dut thot b bo mut
- Cuc vun do khuc tqou trnh koo, so mo cou C1, xo y cuc
von run co kch thooc on, phoong phup koo vut b kot, coo
kot trong houn thon gong thun trun)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
KHO ST GING
Ni dung
+ Mc ch kho st ging
+ Cc phng php kho st ging
Mc ch kho st ging
Kho st ging trong thi gian hot ng ca ging nhm nh gi
tim nng ca m (ging thm d tm kim), nh gi hiu qu kch
thch va, hiu qu thay i ch vn hnh(ging ang khai thc)
Tm hiu mi lin h thu ng lc gia cc ging trong m, ng
thi p sut va ca cc ging nhm a ra cc bin php thch hp
duy tr p sut va v tng thm ca va
Xc nh cc thng s ca va
Phn tch v t k hoch cho cng ngh khai thc cc ging du
Tnh tr lng
Cc phng php kho st ging
+ Kho st h p
+ Kho st tch p
+ Kho st bm p
+ Kho st giao thoa
Kho st bng phng php h p
Kho st c tin hnh sau mt
thi gian ng ging lu n
nh p sut trong va, sau m
ging v cho khai thc vi mt
lu lng khng i. Khi ta
theo di s thay i ca p sut
theo thi gian.
Cn lu :
Kh c th cho ging khai
thc vi mt lu lng
bng hng s
Mc n nh ca ging
b nh hng bi cng tc
khoan, hon thin ging
P
T
T
Q
Kho st h p
X l kt qu kho st
Dng th (dng y = ax + b)
Vi: : H s dn p ca va (m
2
/s)
: Bn knh qui i ca ging (m)
Q: Lu lng trc khi bt u ng ging
lg P A i t = +
2
0 . 1 8 3 . 2 . 2 5
l g 0 . 1 8 3 l g
q d
Q Q
P t
k h R k h

= +
qd
R

Kho st tch p
Mc ch: Xc nh bn knh ca
vng nh hng v thu thp thng tin
v thm ca thnh h khai thc,
ngoi ra cn c th xc nh mc
nhim bn ca vng cn y ging.
Qui trnh kho st: Khai thc vi 1 lu
lng n nh v khng thay
ing ging. Trong mt thi gian
nht nh p sut tng dn ln v
c ghi li.
Q
T
P
T
Kho st tch p
Kho st thu c mi quan h thc t gia Q v p sut
y P() p sut vng ln cn y ging
Phng trnh ng cong chun: Q =K.(P)
Cho php nh gi h s sn phm ca ging
So snh ng cong chun cc thi im khc
nhau cho thy ng thi ca h s sn phm v
nguyn nhn dn n s thay i ca cc thng s
ny
r wf
P P
Kho st bm p
Kho st bm p ging kho st
h p nhng khc ch kho st
bm p dng chy vo ging
nhiu hn dng chy ra khi
ging.
Thun li: Lu lng bm p
thng d kim sot hn lu
lng khai thc.
Kh khn: Mi trng dng chy
a pha. Tuy nhin c th khc
phc bng cch dng dung dch
bm p c tnh cht gn vi cht
lu va.
P
T
T
Q
Kho st bm p
Kho st giao thoa
Thay i lu lng ging gy nhiu kho st v ghi li s thay i
p sut trong cc ging kho st ln cn.
u im:
Cho bit s thay i p sut t bn trong ging ra ngoi va
Thun li trong vic phn tch tnh cht ca va so vi ging n
C th s dng cho bt k s thay i p sut no gy ra bi
kho st tch p, h p.
Xc nh nh hng ca cc ging
Tng cng kh nng thu hi du.
Nhc im:
S thay i p sut cc khong cch xa ging l rt nh
i hi thit b c nhy cao v thi gian.
B nh hng ca dao ng thu lc do t hp ca cc tn hiu
nhiu to ra ca ging bm p hoc thu triu
Cuc cho do um voc cou gong
Cong um voc o cho do on dnh
Cong um voc o cho do khong on dnh
Cho do um voc cou mot so gong
Cong khu thuc o cho do to phon
Cong khu thuc bung gust
c Ioa cbon cbc do Iam vicc coa gicng ta pbai can co vao
Ap sout trong gong t u/s mong gong , u/s ngou cot ong khu thuc )
So thuy do oo oong duo
Hum oong nooc vu cut trong sun phum
Cong um voc o cho do on dlnh
1ho nuo u on dlnh :
1rong qou trnh khu thuc up sout mong gong vu ngou cott ong chong
khong thuy do houc noo co nhong khong dung ko th gong um voc o cho
do on dnh
C s la chon che o lam viec cua gieng
Kho st ging ch dng chy n nh
+ Thay i lu lng ca ging khai thc hoc bm p
mt s ln
+ ng vi tng ch lm vic, trong khong thi gian
xc nh ta tin hnh o lu lng v p sut y
ging
+ Lp cc biu ch bo t cc s liu thu thp c
P(P)
(3)
Pv=P
P(p)
(1)
Ging bmp
Ging khai thc
(3)
(1)
(2)
C
D
(2)
Cc dng th ch bo
Q
Cc dng th ch bo
Phn tch th
Cc ng ch bo:
- Cng thc chung: Q = K. P
b
(tng ng ng (1) th b=1)
- ng (1): khi va c sn phm ln v chnh p nh
- ng (3): cho thy khi tng P th lu lng gim
- ng (2): khuyt, khng c li khi phn tch kho st va
Tng ng mi ng s c h s sn phm khc nhau: tg
1
>tg
2
>tg
3
=> K
1
>K
2
>K
3
H s sn phm
H s sn phm l th tch cht lng khai thc c khi tng hay gim
p sut y 1 at:
K= Q / P
Trn thc t t c ng ch bo 1 cn tho mn nhiu iu
kin cng lc nh: dng chy phi tun theo nh lut Darcy, n pha,
ch lm vic n nhnn cc ng ch bo ph bin nht c
dng (2)
X l kt qu kho st
Khi ng ch bo l ng thng th ta dng cng thc: Q = K. P (1)
Nu ng ch bo c dng phi tuyn, khi ta s dng:
P = aQ + bQ
2
-Chia 2 v cho Q, phng trnh tr v dng ng thng trong h ta
(Q, P/Q): P/Q = a + bQ

- Do vn tc thm thu ca nc bQ~0 nn:
P/Q = a (2)
- So snh 2 phng trnh 1 & 2 a = 1/K
Xy dng th: Q = f(P/Q)
Q
P/Q P/Q
0
a
b
th P/Q = a + bQ
Cc phng php kho st dng chy n nh
+ Kho st bng phng php thy-ng hc
+ Kho st bng cch nghe thy lc
+ Kho st bng cch xy ng profile dng chy v cc
thng s theo mt ct ca va
Kho st bng phng php thy ng hc
Cc bc tin hnh:
- Th p k o su xung y ging
- ng ging cho n khi p sut y phc hi
- Xc nh cc gi tr P ti mi im kho st
tng ng
- Ghi s liu vo bng sau

S liu kho st
th p = f(lgt)
5
4
3
2
1
P lgt T/gian, t(s) im
kho st
X l kt qu kho st
- Dng th P = f(lgt) theo cc s liu t bng
- Hm s c dng P= A + ilgt
- Sau 1 thi gian logt, ta nhn thy th c dng tuyn tnh.
Dng on thng ny xc nh cc thng s ca va
Cng thc
A = ilg
i = 0,183.
Suy ra UP = A + ilgt = 0,183.lg + 0,183
Rqd
2
25 , 2
kh
Q
kh
Q
R
qd
2
25 , 2
kh
Q
A: on ct ca on thng trn trc tung
i: (= tg) gc nghing ca on thng vi trc honh
: H s dn p ca va, c trng cho vn tc truyn p sut dc
theo va (m/s)
: Bn knh qui i ca ging
Q: L lng trc khi ng ging
: nht ca cht lng iu kin va
k: thm thu
h: Chiu dy hiu dng ca va (chiu dy va sn phm tr i cc
tp st)
R
qd
Cc thng s
I = tg =
- dn thy lc ca va:
- linh ng ca cht lng:
- Bn knh qui i:
t t
P P
lg lg
1 2
1 2

i
Q kh
183 , 0 =
ih
Q k
. 183 , 0 =
10
25 , 2
i
A
Cc thng s
Trong :
H s hon thin ging:
R
ah
: Bn knh nh hng
R
g
: Bn knh ging
: H s nn ca t
: H s nn ca cht lng
) (

dd cl
m
k
+
=
R
R
R
R
qd
ah
g
ah
ln
ln
=
dd
cl
Cc thng s
Mc ch: o p sut, nhit , lu lng cht lng trong sut
qu trnh khoan - khai thc cng nh kho st ging.
K thut nng th dng c
Cc loi dng c kho st ging
p k, nhit k
Lu lng k
Dng c ly mu chuyn dng
Bung tip nhn m
Bung tip nhn ng
Dng c kho st ging
Cu trc ging
Van tit lu
Ti chuyn dng
Dng th cc thit b v dng c kho st ging:
- Th bng tay
- Th bng my
Cu to ti chuyn dng
-u ming ging lun c p sut, i khi
rt ln
- Dng c th vo ging s i qua ming
ging theo OKT nn phi i qua mt thit
b c bit gi l lubricator. Cu to gm:
1. Thn
2. Van u thit b ming ging
3. Thit b o
4. Thit b chn
5. Tay treo
6. Con ln nh hng
7. Van iu chnh
8. ng iu chnh
Lubricator
S lubricator t trn ming ging
p sut u ging ln
Lubricator
Th dng c
Sau khi chun b xong lubricator, m van 2; p sut trong ging c
iu chnh; sau th dng c o xung ging
su th phi c tnh ton ( di dy cp)
Sau khi o xong, ko dng c o vo trong thn lubrator, van 2 c
ng li, sau x
p sut nh van 7 , m np chn 4 v cui cng ko dng c ra khi
ging
Lubricator kch thc b
- Cc lubricator ny dng th dng c
o p sut c kch thc b (ng knh
nh hn 28mm) vo khong khng vnh
xuyn ca ging khai thc bng bm su
p k v nhit k
Cng dng
- o p sut, nhit y ging phc v cho cng tc kho st ging
Cc p k cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
- ng knh ngoi ca p k o su phi nh hn ng knh trong ca
OKT (th vo trong OKT) v khng lm gin on khai thc trong qa
trnh o
- p k phi c bt kn v chng c s xm nhp ca cht lng v kh
di tc ng ca p sut cao
- Cc cm v chi tit ca p k, cc b phn in v n hi nht thit
khng c thay i c tnh di tc ng ca nhit
- Cc chi tit ca p k phi c ch to t vt liu chng n mn hoc
c sn bng lp chng n mn
- Cc b phn nhy ca p k phi c bo v khi b h hng do va p
trong qa trnh th
Phn loi p k
Theo nguyn l lm vic
- Loi c l xo rng, trong
b phn kch thch
n hi l l xo xon
hnh ng (c dng ph
bin kho st ging v
cu to n gin)
- Loi c l xo pittong,
trong p sut o
nhn c nh pittong
nn ni vi l xo xon
hnh tr
S p k o su
Cu to
1. Nhit k
2. Thn p k
3. Hp xp
4. ng mao dn
5. L xo xon
6. Trc
7. Ngi bt
8. Gi
9. Trc vt dn
10. Ecu dn ng
11. Bn ta
12. Bn khp ni c rng
13. ng h
14. Dy cp
S p k o su
Dng c ly mu chuyn dng
Cu to:
Bung tip nhn c bo m kn cha mu cht
lng
- Dng c iu khin ng hoc m cc van ca bung
tip nhn
Phn loi (theo nguyn l lm vic):
Dng c ly mu c bung tip nhn m trong qa trnh th
- Dng c ly mu c bung tip nhn ng trong qa trnh
th
Dng c ly mu c bung tip nhn m trong
qu trnh th
+ Ch yu dng ly du c
nht khng ln trong cc ging
khai thc bng phng php t
phun
+ Khi th thit b xung ging, van
2, 4 lun m v bung tip nhn
3 c ra nh dng cht lng i
qua
S dng c ly mu c bung
tip nhn m
- Ch yu ly mu c nht cao v parafin lng ng mnh
trong nhng ging ngng phun
- Bung tip nhn ca dng c ny lun ng trong qu trnh th
xung ging
Dng c ly mu c bung tip nhn m
trong qu trnh th
Tel : 84-8-8654086
TI U HO TH VA
NOI DUNG
+Tong quan ve th va
+Toi u hoa t ong hoa th va
LCH S PHAT TRIEN
- Muskat (1937) la ngi au tien a ra ly thuyet ve s bien
oi ap suat theo thi gian vi cac thong so cua va: dung
phng phap toan hoc ngoai suy ap suat gieng o c e
xac nh ung ap suat thuy tnh
- Miller, Dyes, va Hutchinson (MDH, 1950) a ra phng
phap x ly cac ong thai ap suat co tnh en tnh nen cua
lu chat
- Horner (1951) a e ngh mot phng phap phan tch c
ban nhat oi vi ky thuat phan tch hien ai ngay nay (lc
o Horner )
V TR CUA KY S VA
Vai tro quan trong cua nganh cong nghe mo a c xac
lap t nam 1970.
Ngay nay, ngi ky s va ang gi v tr trung tam trong
tap hp cac nganh lien quan (mac du khong phai luc nao
cung c chap nhan)
Vai tro cua ky s va la ket noi cac d lieu thu c cua
cac nganh lien quan e xay dng nen mot hnh anh tong
quat ve mot vung mo trc kh a vao khai thac e am
bao tnh kinh te va hieu qua cua no.
M|C DlCH
Th va nham xac nh cac thong so:
He so tham
He so skin
Ap suat ban au
Nhiet o va
Ban knh va
S hien dien cua t gay
MO TA CONG VIEC
C|Y 1klNH 1H| VlA
CAC YEU TO ANH HNG EN TH VA
Cau tao a chat
Mc o ong eu cua thanh he
S nhiem ban thanh he trong qua trnh khoan
Mc o hoan thien gieng
He so lu tr cua gieng
Trang thiet b
Kha nang tai chnh
Chu y: Ket qua phan tch th va la rat quan trong, oi hoi ngi
phan tch th va phai co nhieu kinh nghiem
THONG TIN AU RA
Muc tieu ngan han: oi vi dong chay hng tam
Ap suat va ban au Pi
o tham hu dung cua lu chat
Chieu day va
He so skin
Ban knh anh hng
Muc tieu dai han
Xac nh the tch lu chat trong va
Dien tch vung tiem nang
Khoang cach t t gay (neu co) en gieng
Hnh dang cua va
Loai bien va
THONG TIN AU VAO
D lieu a chat
D lieu khoan
D lieu mau loi
D lieu a vat ly gieng khoan
D lieu hoan thien gieng
D lieu khai thac (qua kh va hien tai)
QUA TRNH X L D LIEU
Oil Burner
Gas Flare
Gauge Tank Three Phase
Test Separator
DST
Test string
P T P T Q
Surface
Read - out
Surface
Data Acquisition
Downhole Data Acquisition
Real time (DGA, Datalatch)
UPP
PMS
CAC THIET B PHUC VU CHO CONG TAC
TH VA
T ONG HOA TOI U HOA TH VA
Muc ch cua th va la kiem tra nh ky cac thong so dong
dau nc kh cho cac muc ch tnh toan, lu tr, giam sat
Viec th va la mot thu tuc c an nh (co the mot tuan
mot lan hoac mot thang mot lan).
Qua trnh th va bang tay co the gay ra nhng loi khong
mong muon hoac ket qua khong chac chan. oi khi gieng
c th khi cha can thiet, dung cu th va khong phu
hp, o chnh xac khong cao
Ket qua th va co the tot hoac xau, tham ch khong ang
tin cay
CAU HOI AT RA KHI TH VA
Khi nao th gieng can c th lai? Co vai gieng c kiem
tra thng xuyen, vai gieng c cha c th u nh yeu
cau, vay au la chuan mc?
C s am bao chat lng cac ket qua th va?
Can lam g e t ong hoa hoan toan qua trnh th va, xac
nh gieng can th, t ong th gieng, giam thi gian va
anh gia ket qua th, xac nh gieng can th tiep.
CAC THIET B O THI GIAN THC
Cac he thong thiet b o xa dung e truyen tn hieu t cac
gieng en phong ieu khien. Cac he thong nay la to hp cua:
- Remote terminal units (RTU)
- Supervisory control and data acquistion system (SCADA)
- Distributed control system (DCS)
- Lch s d lieu
TAN SUAT TH VA
Mot cach ly tng, cac gieng can c th lien tuc (can lap
at cac bnh tach th va hay thiet b o a pha cho moi
gieng). ay la ieu khong the xet ve mat kinh te (thiet b
at tien, chi ph bao tr).
Nhieu gieng cung dung chung mot thiet b tach va cac gieng
c th nh ky.
Gieng c th khi co nhng thay oi ang ke ve cac thong
so. Vay lam sao nhan biet nhng tnh chat cua dong chay
trong va thay oi?
Nhng ky thuat hien ai cho phep d oan lien tuc ve dong
chay trong va phuc vu cho viec giam sat va tnh toan thong
qua cac thiet b thng mai co gia thanh thap. ieu nay giup
ta xac nh khi nao mot gieng can phai c th
TH VA VA QUA TRNH ON NH TNH
TOAN
Can mot khoang thi gian e on nh cac gia tr cua dong
chay t va en bnh tach
Khoang thi gian nay goi la qua trnh on nh tnh toan.
Ngoai ra cung can xoa cac vet tch cua lan th trc.
Khi a at c gia tr on nh can thiet, qua trnh tnh toan
th va bat au
KllS tKoy lorormunco lndcutors )
KPIs (ch so hoat ong chnh) co hai muc ch:
Ngan han: xac nh cac van e trong khi th va va khoang
thi gian cho phep chnh sa mc o trung bnh
Dai han: xac nh cac xu hng mang tnh he thong trong
viec th va
SHORT TERM KPIS
Thi iem tot nhat e phat hien cac sai lech so vi qui nh
chuan la khi ngi ieu hanh van con a iem th e co the
hieu chnh kp thi. V du: khi tien hanh th gieng khong phu
hp (ieu nay rat hay xay ra khu vc co nhieu gian tap
trung, nhieu hoat ong cung luc xay ra) KPIs dung c e
canh bao thong tin cho ngi ieu hanh tai gian e co nhng
thay oi kp thi
LONG TERM KPIS
KPIs co the c dung e xac nh hoat ong th va trong
mot thi gian dai. KPIs ch ra cac t th va ma ket qua
khong c nh mong muon: gia tr thu c khong ang tin
cay, thieu thong tin.
PHAN MEM NG DUNG
HOAT ONG
1hot b qoun sut dong chuy lodvuro do doun on toc
dong chuy chut ong vu
1ho thup tn hoo to thot b cum ong Dl tDl co) tron
doong dong chuy, dou ru do doun on toc dong chuy chut
ong trong vu. Cu tr trong bnh Dl dooc hoo chnh
thoo gu tr chnh xuc nhut vu mo nhut, mo hnh tnh
toun troc toyon dooc dong do tho cuc gu tr dong chuy
chut ong trong vu- toong to nho tho vu o phu ong on
toc.
1n hoo Dl dooc tho bo DCS, SCADA, ho thong ch so
do oo vu suo cong hon th tron mun hnh.
1hot b mo hnh nuy go u lod\uro lov Montor .
HOAT ONG
Dong chay chat long thu c dung c oan thi iem
dong chay trong va thay oi ang ke, ch ra khi nao can
tien hanh th va. Kinh nghiem cho thay: co nhng gieng
co o on nh rat cao, s giam ap xay ra rat cham nen
khong can tien hanh th va thng xuyen va ngc lai.
Viec d oan nay cung ch ra khi nao gieng ngng khai
thac hay san lng thap hn mong i.
CAC TIEN CH
Cac tien ch mang lai bao gom:
Nang cao kha nang giam sat gieng va tang san lng tng
ng
Nang cao kha nang tnh toan lng dau kh do xac nh
chnh xac hn thi iem gieng ngng/bat au giam san
lng
Nang cao hieu qua kch thch va
Nang cao kha nang c lng tr lng va
oo do gh dong chut oo cou cong l gong, cong l tho dom bung 2 phoong phup:
thot b bnh tuch tho vu tdoong do), thot b qoun sut dong chuy tdoong xunh)
S KHAC BIET
Qua nhng g the hien (giong vi d oan) s dao ong trong
ca 2 phng phap la kha giong nhau. Tr 1 iem khac biet, o
la khi gieng b ong ot ngot (khi lam th nghem) thiet b quan
sat dong chay mo ta chnh xac san lng la 0, trong khi o,
thiet b th va ch mi bat au giam nhng tr so van con rat
cao
Tang tnh an toan: trong nhieu trng hp, cac cuoc th va c tien
hanh nh mong i. Khi o, qua trnh th va c t ong hoa, rut ngan
thi gian. Chnh ieu nay lam giam thieu cac nguy hiem do van hanh
thiet b cung nh do v tr tien hanh.
Lam giam cong sc cho mot ket qua tot hn: FW lam giam so lan th
va v khi mot gieng nao o c th- qua trnh th va chac chan am
bao tien hanh ung quy cach va can trong nhat co the thong qua s tr
giup t phong ieu khien, giam sat tng qua trnh leak-off test e am
bao au ong noi khong b lo r. Tat ca nhng ieu tren quyet nh 1 ket
qua toi u cho viec th va. PV a ra nhng oan lien tuc ve dong
dau, nc va kh. FM cho ta d oan ve dong chat long: t ton cong sc
hn nhng hieu qua vt troi cho nhng lan th va.
LOl lCH 1lLM NANC
LI CH TIEM NANG
So lan th va giam (chi ph i lai cho viec th va gia, so lan th nghiem
giam, giam so cong viec trong phong th nghiem, giam thieu cac ket qua
thieu chnh xac).
Cai thien chat lng th va nh ch so KPI kiem soat chat lng th va
lien tuc giup:
Xac nh, anh dau sm cac rac roi xay ra trong th va
Nhanh chong xac nhan tnh hp le cua th va
a ra quyet nh tot hn do co thong tin tot hn: Viec tnh toan chnh
xac lng dau kh va kch thch va la nhng thong so au vao ra quyet
nh chnh xac v tr khoan tiep, tnh toan tr lng va he so thu hoi
Tang cng tan dung cac thiet b th va
Giam chi ph thiet b, bao tr, dien tch san: giam thi gian tr hoan tien
hanh th va.
KET LUAN
+ FW cho phep toi u hoa qua trnh th va:
+ Giam so lan th va => giam chi ph va tang tnh an toan
cho gieng
+ Tang chat lng th va: tnh san lng dau kh, kch thch
va chnh xac
+ Giam cac thiet b at tien
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CONG NGHE
DUY TR AP SUAT VA
NOI DUNG
Muc ch
Phng phap
Duy tr ap suat va bang bm ep nc
S o cac gieng bm ep
Kt luan
MUC CH & PHNG PHAP
Muc ch
Nang cao lu lng khai thac
Nang cao he so thu hoi dau
Phng phap
Duy tr ap suat va bang bm ep nc
Duy tr ap suat va bang bm ep kh
DUY TR AP SUAT VA BANG BM EP
NC
NC
NC
DUY TR AP SUAT VA BANG BM EP NC
IEU KIEN AP DUNG
Nc c bm ep trong nhng trng hp sau:
Va ong nhat, khong co khe nt ln
Dau co o nht khong ln
C S LY THUYET
Lng nc bm ep t nhat phai bang lu lng khai thac va c tnh bang
cong thc:
Q
0
H20
B
H20
=(Q
d
B
d
+ Q
p
H20
B
p
H20
+ Q)K
Trong o Q
0
H20
: Lu lng nc bm ep
Q
d
: Lu lng dau khai thac
Q
p
H20
: Lu lng nc khai thac
Q: Lu lng nc b ton hao ngoai va
K: He so mat mat phu thuoc vao tnh trang khai thac mo (1 -
1.35)
B
H20
, B
p
H20
: He so the tch nc bm ep va nc khai thac
B
d
:He so the tch dau thanh he (1 -1.4 )
THI IEM BM EP NC
Trong khai thac dau kh nen duy tr ap suat va ln hn ap suat iem bot kh (p
bk
),
neu ch so nay thap hn ap suat iem bot kh th kha nang thu hoi dau se thap
Can phai tien hanh bm ep nc mot thi gian khai thac, khi ap suat va giam en
ap suat p
th
nao o
Khi p
th
ln hn nhieu so vi p
bk
du lng nc bm vao thap hn lng san pham
khai thac nhng lu lng khai thac dau van cao
Khi p
th
nho hn p
bk
, buoc phai bm ep manh, de dan en nguy c v va va ngap
nc cac gieng khai thac
THI IEM BM EP
Hieu so p
bk
p
th
phai
nam trong mot gii han
cho phep
p
bd
p
bk
p
th
Ap suat va giam theo thi
gian t en ap suat p
th
> p
bk
t
0
S O BO TR CAC GIENG BM EP
Cac gieng bm ep bo tr ngoai va cha dau
Cac gieng bm ep bo tr tren ranh gii dau - nc
Cac gieng bm ep nam trong ranh gii dau - nc
BM EP NGOAI RANH GII DAU NC
- Nc c bm ep vao va qua nhng gieng bm ep c bo tr pha
ngoai, cach ranh gii dau nc t 800m-1500m
S o bo tr nay c ap dung cho va:
Moi lien he thuy ong lc tot
Khong b t gay
Kch thc va khong ln
Va ong nhat ve chieu dai cung nh dien tch
BM EP NGOAI VA CHA DAU
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
Ranh gii dau nc ban au
Ranh gii dau nc sau thi gian khai thac t
+u iem
Tac ong eu len va
Tranh c s hnh thanh li nc
+Nhc iem
Ton that nang lng ln
S tac ong len va cham, ac biet cac gieng vung trung tam mo
Ton that lng nc bm ep ln
BM EP NGOAI VA CHA DAU
GIENG BM EP BO TR TREN RANH GII
DAU - NC
Ranh gii dau nc
ban au
Ranh gii dau nc sau
thi gian bm ep t
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
S o bo tr kieu nay thng c s dung cho va:
Moi lien he thuy ong gia va va vung ngoai ranh gii
kem
Kch thc va dau tng oi nho
Nhc iem kieu bo tr nay:
De hnh thanh cac li nc
Ton that nc bm ep ra ngoai ranh gii ln
V vay trong qua trnh khai thac can phai chu y ieu chnh lu
lng nc bm ep
GIENG BM EP BO TR TRONG RANH GII
DAU - NC
S HNH THANH LI NC
BM EP BEN TRONG VA CHA DAU
- Gieng bm ep c bo tr theo cac s o khac nhau ngay ben
trong va
- Viec la chon s o bo tr cac gieng bm ep c xac nh
theo ieu kien a chat cu the, von au t va thi han khai thac
S o bo tr nay c ap dung khi:
Ranh gii dau - nc va cac thong so va c xac nh chnh
xac
Moi lien he thuy ong lc hoc cua va kem
Kch thc va dau ln
BM EP BEN TRONG VA CHA DAU
Bo tr theo tuyen
Bo tr theo day
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
CAC S O BO TR
S o cac gieng bm ep ben trong ranh gii dau nc bao
gom:
1. Bo tr theo day hoac tuyen
2. Bo tr theo cum
3. Bo tr theo nguon
4. Bo tr theo dien tch
Bo tr theo day hoac tuyen
Cac tuyen gieng bm ep c bo tr thang hang hoac hnh
vong cung
Bo tr theo cum
Ap dung cho mo ln vi tr lng cong nghiep a xac nh
Cac gieng bm ep c bo tr theo cum rieng biet. Ben
trong moi cum, cac gieng khai thac c bo tr theo tng
day, so lng cua chung tuy thuoc vao ieu kien a chat
cua va
CAC S O BO TR
Bo tr theo nguon
- Ap dung khi cau truc a chat cua va a c nghien cu chi
tiet, co the s dung oc lap trong moi giai oan khai thac
- oi vi vung cha dau dang thau knh, cach bo tr nay c
s dung ket hp vi mot s o bm ep bat ky nham m rong
vung anh hng cua qua trnh bm ep
CAC S O BO TR
Bo tr theo dien tch
- S o bo tr nay cho phep tac ong cao nhat len toan bo va,
am bao viec khai thac tot nhat
- Cac gieng khai thac va bm ep c bo tr xen ke nhau theo
cac s o hnh hoc dang li: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 iem
CAC S O BO TR
S o bm ep 4 iem
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
BO TR THEO DIEN TCH
S o bm ep 2, 3 iem
S o bm ep 5 iem
S o bm ep 7 iem
S o bm ep 9 iem
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
BO TR THEO DIEN TCH
S o bo tr gieng bm ep theo dien tch cho nang suat cao,
nhng de sinh ra li nc quanh cac gieng khai thac
Hien nay phng phap nay c s dung pho bien
BO TR THEO DIEN TCH
HE THONG THIET B BM EP NC
Thiet b lay nc
Tram nang
cap I
Cac bon cha
nc ban
Tram x ly
nc
Cac bon cha
nc sach tren
be mat
Tram nang
cap II
Tram may bm theo tng cum
Cac gieng bm ep
Cac ong
nc cao ap
ng c Khp ni Ca vao
Bo phan bm
Ca ra
MAY BM
NGUYEN LY HOAT ONG
BM EP NC TANG MONG MO BACH HO
-Khoi Trung tam: t thang 7/1993
- Khoi pha Bac: t thang 11/1994
Ket qua
Ngan chan toc o suy giam ap suat va qua nhanh gi on nh
Tang lu lng khai thac nhng ham lng nc trong san pham tang
ang ke
HE THONG BM EP NC TANG MONG MO
BACH HO
Mu kh
i khai thac
i bm ep
3450 -
3850m
3050 -
3450m
3850-
4550
Gieng bm
ep
Gieng khai
thac
u iem:
Ket hp c hai nguon nang lng nhan tao: nang lng mu
kh va tang nc nhan tao
Nhc iem:
Tao vung mu kh th sinh, khi ap suat va nho hn ap suat bao
hoa gay nguy hai cho qua trnh khai thac
BACH HO
Gieng bm
ep
Gieng khai
thac
i khai
thac
i bm ep
BACH HO
- e khac phuc viec hnh thanh li nc, ngi ta tien hanh
khoan gieng nh hng hoac gieng ngang e bm ep (vuong
goc vi khe nt)
- Cac gieng bm ep c khoan sau hn gieng khai thac e gia
tang he so bao quet cua nc, nang cao he so thu hoi dau
- Than dau tang mong Bach Ho co tr lng ln, neu tang 1%
he so thu hoi dau th tng ng vi viec khai thac 1 mo dau
nho
BACH HO
DUY TR AP SUAT VA BANG BM EP KH
Do toong up dong
Doo kon
lhoong phup
OI TNG AP DUNG
Vu co mo kh
Du tung chou co sot troong no huy b not no munh
Duo co do nhot nho
Ch ph bom op nooc qou cuo
Ngoon kh co sun tu cho
Kh hay khong kh c s dung e bm ep trong
nhng trng hp sau:
IEU KIEN AP DUNG
Doy tr up sout vu bung bom op kh huy khong
kh dooc but duo to kh khu thuc mo
Do ho phu co trum op kh vo cong sout on
Ap sout cou muy op kh on hon up sout vu to
l0% - 20%
PHAN LOAI
Kh thon nhon tkh dong hunh huy kh mo)
dooc bom op vuo mo kh
Khong kh so dooc non op vuo tung chou duo, to
phu doo vu on
BM EP KH THIEN NHIEN
Vu co do nghong on
Do thum thuo tot
Dut du dong nhut
Duo buo hou trong vu co do nhot nho
Nhong do toong thoun o nhut do doy tr up sout
vu u:
BM EP KH THIEN NHIEN
Dsporsod Cus lnocton tlntornu Cus lnocton)
Lxtornu Cus lnocton
Cuc phoong phup:
DISPERSED GAS INJECTION
Dou vuo hnh dung, cuo troc vu tnh chut vu mu
tu thot ko vu bo tr cuc gong bom op
lhoong phup nuy so dong cho nhong gong co do
nghong trong bnh don on, do thum tot, dut du
dong nhut
o tr nhoo gong bom op vu phu non do oong
kh cun thot do hun cho so sot gum up sout vu
DISPERSED GAS INJECTION
Hun cho:
Hoo sout khu thuc thup
Hoo sout qoot bo mut thup hon do
vo phoong phup Lxtornu Cus
lnocton
Hon toong troot kh xuy ru v toc do
dong chuy cuo so um gum hoo sout
tho ho
Cu thunh cuo kh up dut cho nhoo
gong
EXTERNAL GAS INJECTION
lhoong phup dooc so dong kh vu co v tr vu cuo
troc phoc tup, co mo kh, co do nghong vu do thum
thuo to trong bnh don cuo
So oong gong cun thot cho mot vu pho thooc
vuo tnh chut cou mo vu
lhoong phup oxtornu dooc so dong nhoo hon
hon phoong phup ntornu tv do thuo nooc do trong
oc)
Cho hoo sout qoot cuo
EXTERNAL GAS INJECTION
Tel : 84-8-8654086
\O H^H DCH CHUYL^ CHT LUU TRO^C
V LO RO^C
NOI DUNG
+ Gii thieu chung
+ Hieu suat quet vi mo va v mo
+ Phng phap xay dng vi mo hnh
+ Thiet ke mang li trong vi mo hnh
+ Cac tnh chat cua lu chat trong vi mo hnh
+ Ket luan
GII THIEU
Dong chay cua lu chat trong va dau la mot c che dch
chuyen rat phc tap
Viec gia cong mau khong ch n thuan la e quan sat cach
thc dch chuyen cua chat lu trong lo rong
Nhng van e can tm hieu
Mo hnh c chon da tren cac tnh chat cua cat ket
HIEU SUAT QUET VI MO
Hnh dang va va cau truc khong ong nhat nh: t gay,
vet nt, tang tham va mo hnh gieng
Anh hng cua trong lc la nguyen nhan cua s khac biet
ve t trong
Tnh chat chat lu nh: ap suat mao dan, t so truyen ong
HIEU SUAT QUET V MO
Hnh dang lo rong va mang lien ket lo rong
Anh hng trong lc
Ap lc mao dan va tnh chat pha
- o tan sac va khuyet tan
PHNG PHAP XAY DNG VI MO HNH
e gia cong mau, can thc hien 8 bc:
Chup hnh mang li can thiet ke len ban am
cua film e tao photomask
Phu len be mat cua thuy tinh vat lieu chong
quang
Chieu photomask len vat lieu a c phu
chat chong quang bang anh sang tm
Ra sach vung khong cho anh sang tm i qua
(Ch tren pham vi cua lp phu)
- Khac axt HF len nen ban thuy tinh c thiet ke. Sau o
tach chat chong quang vi tricloroethane
- Tao loi vao va loi ra cho mo hnh
- Ep mot tam thuy tinh khac len mau va tao trong lo nung
nhiet o 720 o C
- Xay dng qua trnh mo phong
Dung cu s dung trong qua trnh mo phong:
- Kim chch loai nho (e bm lu chat vao)
- Dung cu do nhiet o cua lu chat bm vao
- Knh hien vi
- May ghi hnh anh quan sat c
- Man hnh
- Ong nghiem
- Cac ong dan
THIET KE MANG LI TRONG VI MO HNH
Cac mau c thc hien nham mo ta mot so tnh chat sau:
- Qua trnh bay dau
- Dong chay trong kenh dan khac nhau
- Lo rong chet
- Anh hng cua trong lc
MOT SO HNH ANH MINH HOA
Kenh dan cong vi s giamdan kch c hat
Cac tang song song khong ong nhat
Mang li cua lo rong va kenh dan. Ban knh
cua kenh dan la bat ky
Cac kenh vi khuc uon khac nhau
Lo rong chet dung mo ta qua trnh bay lu chat
CAC TNH CHAT CUA LU CHAT TRONG
VI MO HNH
- Tnh dnh t
- S chuyen pha
- Dong chay dang nhu tng
- Sc cang be mat thap
- Anh hng cua trong lc
Tnh dnh t
Qua trnh dch chuyen, dong chay va s bay dau va nc
c xac nh thong qua kha nang dnh t
S chuyen pha
Khi lu chat trong moi trng rong trai qua qua trnh chuyen
pha se co pha th hai c tao thanh
Dong chay dang nhu tng
Khi dau di chuyen la khong tron lan th nhu tng thng
c tao thanh
Sc cang be mat thap
Sc cang be mat thap gia tang t so nht ti lc mao dan
Anh hng cua trong lc
Anh hng cua trong lc la khong ang ke
QUA TRNH MO PHONG
KET LUAN
- Nhieu trng, vien nghien cu tren the gii a
thc hien
- Can thiet trong viec hieu ro c che dch chuyen
cua chat lu trong vi lo rong
- Nhieu kho khan trong qua trnh thc hien
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CC L^ |H| XU LY ^UOC O\ L|
O \O CH HO
NOl DNG TklNH AY
Nguon nc bien bm ep mo bach ho
S o cong nghe ca he thong x ly nc bm ep mo Bach Ho
Anh hng cua thanh phan oxy hoa tan trong nc bm ep
Cac bien phap x ly nc bm ep
AC TkUNG NGON NUOC lFN OM FF
O MO ACH HO
Cac hat ran l lng
Cac sinh vat
Cac chat ran hoa tan
Cac kh hoa tan
CAC HAT kAN tO tUNG
Hon hp phc tap cac vat the hu c (vi sinh vat song va chet) va cac
vat the vo c (cat, bun)
Nc bien co the cha tren 1 mg/l cac hat ran, xap x khoang 10.000 hat
co ng knh >2m trong 0,5ml nc bien
Co nguy c gay tac nghen trong thanh he
CAC SlNH VAT
Sinh vat troi noi:
- Thc vat troi noi gom tao cat, khuan cau co chieu dai en 2mm
- ong vat troi noi gom cac au trung ca, ln nhat la loai sa co chieu dai t
20m en 20 cm
Sinh vat bi: tat ca ong vat trong nc co kha nang di chuyen (nh ca)
CAC Vl SlNH VAT
Vi khuan:
- Vi khuan a kh : vi khuan oxy hoa sat tao ra oxit sat va nhay
- Vi khuan k kh : vi khuan kh sunfat co kha nang chuyen sunfat thanh
sunfua
- Mot nhom vi khuan ln khac co the ton tai trong moi trng co oxy
nhng can mot moi trng k kh cho s phat trien
- Gay ra hoac tang cng qua trnh an mon, gay tac nghen thanh he
CAC CHAT kAN HOA TAN
Cac ion mang ien va dung dch cua cac ion nay trang
thai can bang
S can bang nay co the thay oi bi qua trnh vat ly hay
hoa hoc va cac muoi ket tua se hnh thanh (CaCO
3
, BaSO
4
,
SrSO
4
, CaSO
4
) khi s can bang b pha v co nguy c gay tac
nghen thanh he
CAC kHl HOA TAN
O
2
: tang nguy c an mon do tao ra qua trnh oxy hoa sat
CO
2
: lam giam o pH tang toc o an mon, co nguy c tao
ket tua CaCO
3
H
2
S: lam tang kha nang an mon va phat trien vi khuan kh
sunfat
kFT QA FHAN TlCH NUOC lFN O A VAO
OM lFN CHlM
0,03 0,052 mg/ Sut
2608 2663 mg/ Sonut
l239 l288 mg/ Mugo
88 l33 mg/ cucbonut
38l 40l mg/ Cunx
l8 6l2 l9 003 mg/ Co
l0 l33 l0 l66 mg/ Nutr
33 35 g/ Cuc chut run hou tun
3,5 7,0 mg/ Cuc hut run o ong
l00 mg/m V khoun kho sonut
6,5 7 mg/ Hum oong oxy
l,025 1y trong o 20
o
C
8,6 8,7 pH
4,9 mg/ Stront
6,l mg/ ur
6l 62 mg/ rom
550 565 mg/ Ku
YF CA kY THAT Ol VOl NUOC OM FF
O MO ACH HO
Khong co Ham lng vi khuan kh sunfat
< 0,1 mm/nam o an mon
< 0,050 mg/l (50 ppb)
< 0,015 mg/l (15 ppb)
Ham lng oxy hoa tan
- Sau khi x ly c hoc
- Sau khi x ly hoa chat
< 3 mg/l Cac tap chat c hoc (tong ham lng cac chat ran l lng)
96% Hieu suat loc cac tap chat c hoc co ng knh >1 m
98% Hieu suat loc cac tap chat c hoc co ng knh >2 m
SO O CONG NGHF CHNG HF THONG XU tY
NUOC OM FF O MO ACH HO
80M 6hM
MkY IEh Fhkh
Tk0 6L0
FhIh L06 Th0 FhIh L06 TIhh
ThkF Tk6h kh
80M 6hkh
kh0h
80M Tkh
kF
80M EF
6hhh
FarrIr suIphaIa
FoIyaIarIroIyIa
6haI rhong Iao boI
6haI khu oxy
Xa ra kh quyan
6haI rhong an mon
6haI rhong Iao muoI
6haI dIaI khuan
ha Ihong bom ap rhung rua mo
CAC THlFT l CHlNH
Bm chm
Phin loc tho
May ien phan tao clo
Phin loc tinh
Thap tach kh
Bm tang ap
Bm ep chnh
FHlN tOC THO
6ar ong
Ior
hop so
ong ro rua nguor
VoI rua
nguor
uong xa nuor
rua nguor
au vao
nuor rhua
Ior
au ra
nuor da
Ior
MAY lFN FHAN TAO CtO
San xuat Natri hypochlorite bang qua trnh ien phan:
- Cc dng: 2Cl
-
Cl
2
+ 2e
-
- Cc am: 2H
+
+ 2e
-
H
2
2Na
+
+ 2e
-
2Na
H
2
O + Na 2NaOH + H
2
2NaCl + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2
2NaOH + Cl
2
NaOCl + NaCl + H
2
O
FHlN tOC TlNH
au vao
8o phan phan phoI
nuor dau vao
uong xa nuor
ha Ihong ong
Ihu gom nuor
au ra
6ua bao duong
Than hoaI Inh
anIhrarIIa (880mm)
6aI mIn (880mm)
6aI Iho
ay ba Iong
THAF TACH kHl
au vao
0ng huI rhan khong
rap |
au Ian rap |
0ng huI rhan khong
rap Z
au vao rhaI khu oxy
au nuor ra
khay phan Ian nuor
Fhan Ian nuor rap |
Lam kn gIua rar rap
khay phan Ian nuor rap Z
Fhan Ian nuor rap Z
Fhan Iu phan Ian nuor
NGYFN TAC tAM VlFC CA OM CHAN kHONG
hoI ra
hoI vao
au vao
Than bom
Vong nuor Iam kn
au ra
Vong nuor
Iam kn
au ra
8anh rong Iar
au vao
O FHN kHl TAO CHAN kHONG (VACM FlFCTOk)
au vao
uong vao
kh van
dong
au ra
au vao
au ra
8o phun kh Iao
rhan khong
khong kh Iu kh quyan
8om rhan khong
Xa ra kh
quyan
HF THONG TACH kHl HOA TAN
CAC HOA CHAT SU DNG
Clo
Chat tao keo tu (ferric sulphate)
Chat tao mang hap dan ien (polyelectrolyte)
Chat chong tao bot (antifoam)
Chat kh oxy (oxygen scavenger)
Chat chong an mon (corrosion inhibitor)
Chat chong tao muoi (scale inhibitor)
Chat diet khuan (biocide)
ANH HUONG CA THANH FHAN OXY HOA TAN
TkONG NUOC OM FF
Qua trnh an mon thiet b khai thac dau kh
Qua trnh lang ong muoi trong va
S phat trien cua sinh vat
QA TklNH AN MON THlFT l kHAl THAC DA kHl
ng ong dan, bm, cac van tren ng ong, thiet b long gieng
Qua trnh an mon dien ra nh sau:
- Cc dng: Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
-
- Cc am: 2H
2
O + 2e
-
H
2
+ 2OH
-
O
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4e
-
4OH
-
4Fe
2+
+ O
2
+ 2H
+
4Fe
3+
+ 2OH
-
QA TklNH tANG ONG MOl TkONG VlA
4Fe
2+
+ 8HCO
3
-
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
4Fe(OH)
3
+ 8CO
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ' H
2
CO
3
H
2
CO
3
' H
+
+ HCO
3
-
HCO
3
-
' H
+
+ CO
3
2-
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
CaCO
3
Ca
2+
+ 2HCO
3
-
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
SU FHAT TklFN SlNH VAT
Cac vi khuan gay tac hai en qua trnh bm ep:
Vi khuan oxy hoa sat la vi khuan hieu kh co the ton tai vi
nong o oxy rat thap (500 ppb)
Vi khuan kh sunfat la vi khuan k kh co kha nang chuyen
sunfat thanh sunfua lam tang o an mon cua he thong x ly
XU tY kHl OXY HOA TAN TkONG NUOC OM FF
Bien phap vat ly
- Nguyen ly tach kh hoa tan
- Qua trnh tach chan khong oxy hoa tan
Bien phap hoa hoc
NGYFN tY TACH kHl HOA TAN
nh luat Dalton ap suat tong cua mot hon hp kh bang tong ap suat rieng
phan cua cac chat kh rieng biet trong hon hp kh
P
tong
= P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
+ . . . + P
n
nh luat Henry kha nang hoa tan cua chat kh trong nc ty le thuan vi ap
suat rieng phan cua chat kh o
P
1
= H * X
Ro rang t 2 nh luat tren th ap suat rieng phan cua mot chat kh co the
giam bang cach giam ap suat tong cua hon hp kh, giam nong o cua chat kh
trong hon hp hoac ket hp ca hai.
QA TklNH TACH CHAN kHONG OXY HOA TAN
Qua trnh tach chan khong da tren 2 nguyen ly:
Nguyen ly th nhat co the dien ta bang nh luat Henry: kha
nang hoa tan cua chat kh trong mot dung dch giam khi ap suat
rieng phan cua chat kh trong dung dch giam
Nguyen ly th hai la kha nang hoa tan cua chat kh iem
soi: kha nang hoa tan cua chat kh se giam khi dung dch at
en iem soi cua no (iem soi la iem ma tai o nhng bot
kh au tien bat au tach khoi pha long, oi vi nc co the soi
ch nhiet o 28 30
o
C khi o chan khong tang len)
lFN FHAF HOA HOC
2Na
2
SO
3
+ O
2
2Na
2
SO
4
(7,9ppm)
2NaHSO
3
+ O
2
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
(6,5ppm)
2NH
4
HSO
3
+ O
2
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
(6,2ppm)
Na
2
S
2
O
5
+ O
2
+ H
2
O Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
(5,9ppm)
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
2H
2
SO
4
(4ppm)
N
2
H
4
+ O
2
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
CAC THl NGHlFM
l00 l00 l00 60 60 60 30 30 30 20 20 20 5,0
60 60 60 30 40 40 20 l6 20 l6 l2 l2 5,5
40 30 30 l6 l6 l6 l2 l2 8 8 6 8 6,0
l2 l2 l2 l2 l2 l2 6 4 4 2 2 2 6,5
Nong do oxy hou
tun tppb)
Nong do oxy
hou tun tppb)
Nong do oxy
hou tun tppb)
Nong do oxy
hou tun tppb)
0,064 0,054 0,046 0,032
Ap sout thup tuch kh tburA) Nong do
hou chut
kho oxy
tppm)
lFN THlFN NONG O OXY HOA TAN THFO AF SAT THAF TACH
kHl VOl CAC MUC lNH tUONG HOA CHAT kHU OXY
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070
Nong o oxy hoa tan (ppb)
Ap suat thap tach kh (barA)
6,5ppm
6 ppm
5,5ppm
5,0ppm
NHAN XFT
Vi cung nong o hoa chat kh oxy, ap suat thap chan
khong cang giam th nong o oxy hoa tan cang giam
Vi cung ap suat thap chan khong, nong o hoa chat kh
oxy cang tang th nong o oxy hoa tan cang giam
kFT tAN
Oxy hoa tan la tac nhan gay an mon thiet b khai thac dau kh,
lang ong muoi trong va va la moi trng phat trien cua vi sinh vat
trong he thong bm ep nc
Thanh phan oxy hoa tan c loai tr hoac giam thieu bang 2 bien
phap chnh: vat ly va hoa hoc
Nong o oxy hoa tan giam khi ap suat thap chan khong giam va
nong o hoa chat kh oxy tang
kFT tAN
Ap suat thap chan khong phai duy tr mc thap khoang 0,03 bar
Mc nh lng hoa chat kh oxy la 6,0 ppm
Thng xuyen theo doi ap suat hoat ong cua thap, co ke hoach bao
dng thap kp thi khi ap suat thap khong c duy tr mc thap
Lay mau nc phan tch theo doi nong o oxy hoa tan, nong o hoa
chat kh oxy thng xuyen, ac biet khi thay oi hoa chat kh oxy khac
Tel : 84-8-8654086
NGUYFN NHAN GAY NHtFM BAN
THANH HF VA HtFU UNG SktN
DA1 VAN DL
+ Duo kh Vot Num u l ngunh cong nghop mo nhon mung u hoo
qou knh to cuo
+ 1rong cuc qou trnh khoun, houn thon gong, khu thuc vu sou
chou gong doo guy ru hon toong nhom bun tung chou o cuc moc
do khuc nhuo, um gum oo oong khu thuc cou gong
+ Chnh v vuy cun phu co nhong gu phup to oo tuc dong on vong
cun duy gong nhum nung cuo ho so tho ho duo kh cou mo.
+ Do hun cho cuc huo qou guy ru, cun num ro bun chut cou hon
toong & do ru phoong phup xo tot nhut cho tong troong hop co
tho
So troong no cou cuc khoung vut sot co mut trong cuc tung sun phum kh
top xoc vo nooc um co thut cuc o rong cou tung chou
Cou trnh thum oc cou nooc to dong dch khoun vuo cuc o hong muo
dun du tuo tho nho toong nooc-duo bon vong um gum do thum
Chut thum oc con mung thoo cuc on co tho tuo ru cuc phun ong hou hoc
do tuo thunh cuc moo khong tun
So xum nhup cou cuc vut run trong dong dch khoun vuo vu um bt nhot
cuc o hong, kho not
Do cuc v khoun khuc nhuo trong dong dch phu cho guy ru cuc phun ong
phun hoy um gum hoo qou cou cuc chut pomor huy tuo ru cuc op
mung chun bt cuc o rong muo dun cou tung chou
Do cuc von khoun
\uc do nhcm ban cua |an chua can nhcm |ron hon ncu:
Va co do |ham cao
p ua| co| dun dch |hoan on hon ap ua| va
Dun dch |hoan oc nuoc hoac co ham uon cha| ran cao
NHlLM AN 1kONC C|A 1klNH KHOAN
NHlLM AN DO C|A 1klNH KHOAN
Q 1rum x mung
+ Vou x mung xum nhup vuo vu
+ Sun phum snh ru do phun ong gou chut pho gu vu dong dch
dom
Q Dong dch houn thon gong
+ So bt nhot cou cuc hut run, so ung dong cou cuc chut cun bun vu pomo
co trong dong dch
+ Do so troong no vu khooch tun sot
Q un mo vu
+ Cuc munh von, op km ou nong chuy
+ So non op xong qounh o bun um gum tnh thum cou vu.
NHlLM AN 1kONC C|A 1klNH
HOAN 1HlLN ClLNC
Q kbai tbac
+ Khu thuc vo toc do cuo
+ So ung dong cou moo, purun, chut run
+ Cou trnh snh cut
+ So tuo thunh hydrut vu nho toong cong um tung dung ko moc
do nhom bun thunh ho.
Q Soa cboa va xo Iv gicng
+ Dong dch sou chou gong, vut oo tuo cuo x mung, vou x mung
con do trong gong
+ 1uo kot tou trong qou trnh xo y gong houc kot tou sut trong cuc
cuc thot b ong gong
+ Cuc hut von trong qou trnh not vu
NHlLM AN 1kONC C|A 1klNH KHAl
1HAC VA S|A CH|A ClLNC
HIU NG SKIN L G?
- Tt c cc hin tng lm thay i c tnh
thm cha t nhin ca vng cn y
ging c gi chung l hiu ng skin
- Hiu ng skin c c trng bi tn hao
p sut Pskin hoc h s khng th nguyn
S
PHNG PHP C LNG H S SKIN
- nh gi qua h s gim p P
skin
Pskin = Pw - Pw
P
w
= p sut y ging trong iu kin l tng
P
w
= p sut y ging trong iu kin thc t
-nh gi qua h s khng th nguyn S
+ S > 0 : vng cn y ging b nhim bn
+ S = 0 : bo ton c iu kin thm t nhin
+ S < 0 : vng cn y ging c x l thnh cng, tnh thm c
ci thin tt hn iu kin t nhin
CC THNH PHN CA S
S = S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+ S
4
S
1
- h s nh hng do mc m va
S
2
-h s nh hng do c tnh m va
S
3
- h s nh hng do mc nhim bn
S
4
-h s nh hng bi ng thi khng n nh ca
p sut va
TN THT DO KHNG HON THIN V MC
M VA
P1 = (141.2qB/kh)ln(r
e
/r+s
1
)
S
1
- h s nh hng do mc
m va
TN THT DO KHNG HON THIN V C
TNH M VA
P
2
= (141.2qB/kh)ln(r/r
w
+ S
2
)
S
2
- h s nh hng ca c tnh
m va
TN THT DO HIN TNG NHIM BN
P = (141.2qB/kh)S3
q = (khPs)/[141.2Bln(rs/rw+S3)]
=(kshPs)/[141.2Bln(rs/rw)]
=> S3 =[(k-ks)/ks]ln(rs/rw)
- Khc vi S1 S3 S3, h s S4 xut hin do lc qun tnh
ca cht lu trong qu trnh chuyn ng v ph thuc
vo lu lng khai thc. Khi lu lng nh th c th
b qua, cn lu lng ln th S4 c mt gi tr ng k.
Chnh s khng hon thin m dng cht lu chy t va vo
ging b cn tr.
- Mun thng lc cn trn cn tng gi tr (P
v
P
) hay P
- Trong thc t tin tnh ton ngi ta thng quy i cc
ging khng hon thin thnh cc ging hon thin tng ng
Q
tt
= (2khP)/[Bln(r/r
w
+S)] = (2khP)/[Bln(r/r
q
)]
Trong r
w
bn knh ging khng hon thin
r
q
bn knh ging quy i
GING HON THIN TNG NG
CC CNG THC TNH S
- H s skin c xc nh t cc cng thc trn:
ln(r/r
w
+ S) = lnr/r
q
=> S = r
w
/r
q
- Mc hon thin ca ging c tnh theo cng
thc:
= Q
tt
/Q
lt
= ln(r/r
w
)/ln(r/r
w
+S)
- Ging cng hon thin th cng tin dn n 1. T
ta tnh c:
S = (1-)/[ ln(r/r
w
)]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
PHUONG PHAP XU IY AXtT
NOI DUNG
Q Gii thieu tong quan
Q C s ly thuyet x ly axit
THANH HE CAT KET
+Dau kh chu yeu c khai thac trong tang tram tch gom cat
ket, cuoi ket co o rong cao, o tham tot va ket cau tng oi
yeu hoac tang a mong nt ne.
+Trong qua trnh khai thac do ap suat lo rong giam dan, lam
tang ng suat tac ong len thanh he khong gan ket hay gan
ket yeu, lam v vun thanh he va gay ra hien tng sinh cat
C S LY THUYET X LY AXIT
Cuc ho uxt thoong dong
Cuc chut pho gu dong trong xo y uxt
Lou chon uxt
Co cho phun ong trong xo y uxt
Cuc yoo to unh hoong trong xo y uxt
Co so y thoyot thot ko xo y uxt tung cut kot vu tung
cucbonut
CAC HE AXIT THNG DUNG
Axit vo c
Axit hu c
Hon hp axit
He axit lam cham phan ng
Kha nang hoa tan cua axit
AXIT VO C
Axit hydrocloric (HCl)
Axit HCl c s dung pho bien nhat, chu yeu trong tang
cacbonat
Hon hp axit hydrochloric hydrofluoric (HCl + HF)
ay la hon hp axit c dung cho phan ln cac thanh he
Axit fluoboric (HBrF4)
Dung dch axit fluoboric dung lam dung dch em trc khi x ly
s ong can lam dnh chat trong lo rong .
AXIT HU C
Axit Acetic (CH
3
COOH)
La axit axit khong mau, trong suot, mui gat, san xuat nong
o 97-99%, c pha che e on nh dung dch axit
Axit Formic (HCOOH)
Manh hn, re hn CH
3
COOH, nhng an mon khong eu va t
tao ra nhng hang hoc nh HCl
HON HP AXIT
Hon hp axit HCl + CH
3
COOH va HCOOH + HF s dung
hieu qua trong a cacbonat va duy tr mc o an mon thap
(ac biet nhiet o cao) va ngan khong cho cac axit hu c
phan ng
Hon hp axit HF + HCl dung hieu qua trong cac tang cat ket
co nhiet o cao
HE AXIT LAM CHAM PHAN NG
+ Axit b gel hoa
+ Axit co cha hoa pham lam cham phan ng
+ Axit nhu hoa
KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA AXIT
nh ngha: o hoa tan la lng khoang vat b hoa tan bi mot
lng axit tren khoi lng hay the tch chuan
o hoa tan co the tnh vi nhieu mc o phan ng:
.
.
KV KV
axit axit
V MW
V MW
=
CHAT C CHE AN MON
Catafin A
ay la mot trong nhng chat chong an mon cua axit tot nhat. Khi pha
vao dung dch axit vi 0.1% tong the tch, cng o an mon cua dung dch
giami t 55 65 lan
Marvelan K (O)
Lieu lng pha che trung bnh cho phep 0.1%. Marvelan K(O) la mot
chat c che co cng o hoat tnh cao
N 1 A
Cng o chong an mon cua N-1-A rat ln. Neu pha che lieu lng 0.1%
N-1-A vi 0.2% Urotrofin, cng o an mon cua dung dch axit ( 20
0
C)
giamxuong 30 lan
Fomalin
Vi thanh phan 0.6% ve khoi lng trong dung dch axit th s an mon
giam7 - 8 lan
Unhicon Ps-5
Khi pha che t 0.25-0.5% ve khoi lng trong dung dch axt th cng o
an mon giam31 - 42 lan
LA CHON AXIT
+ Tieu chuan x ly la 15% HCl oi vi tang cacbonat va hon
hp 3% HF + 12% HCl cung vi dung dch 15% HCl e ra
gieng khoan cho tang cat ket
+ Nhng nam gan ay, khuynh hng s dung HF vi nong o
thap hn trong dung dch vi muc ch giam ket tua gay
nhiem ban
S O LOAI BO NHIEM BAN TRONG
QUA TRNH HOAN THIEN GIENG TRONG TANG CAT KET
Set va can
Giam san lng do qua trnh hoan thien gieng
Trong khe nt,tap soi hay tang co o
tham cao
O mang
X ly nh oi vi loai tr can va set
Tang cat ket co xi mang cacbonat Tang cat ket khong co xi mang cacbonat
Fluoboric axit (HBrF
4
) X ly bang HCl-HF
C CHE PHAN NG TRONG X LY AXIT
o tham cua mau th nghiem giam khi acid HCl-HF tiep xuc vi no luc ban
au, sau o neu tiep tuc cho acid HCl-HF i qua th o tham lai tang
Axit HCl thc te ch tac dung vi thanh phan cacbonat ma khong tham gia
tac dung vi cac thanh phan khac cua a
2HCl + CaCO
3
= CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
4HCl + CaMg(CO
3
)
2
= CaCl
2
+ MgCl
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2HCl + FeCO
3
= FeCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
CAC YEU TO ANH HNG TRONG X LY AXIT
Nhiet o
Dung dch se i vao cac lo rong cua thanh he co nhiet o
gan giong vi nhiet o bm ep tren be mat khi xet en
cac yeu to nh: the tch khe nt ln, toc o x ly cao
ong thi gay ra hien tng mat dung dch.
Do s khac nhau ve nhiet dung rieng va cac ac tnh cua
dung dch mat vao thanh he, nhiet o trong khe nt se
tuy thuoc vao loai dung dch em c s dung.
Ap suat
Noi chung khi ap suat va > 500 psi th no anh hng t,
khi ap suat va < 500 psi th anh hng nhieu hn.
Nong o hon hp axit
Anh hng cua nong o axit HCl en toc o x ly c
the hien:
0% < C% < 25%: Nong o axit tang th toc o phan
ng tang
C% > 25%: Nong o axit tang th toc o phan ng
giam
Van toc cua dong chay
Van toc dong chay tang th toc o phan ng cung tang
theo va tnh bang cong thc sau:
R =
0,8
6
28, 5. 184 .10
V
b

+

CAC YEU TO ANH HNG TRONG X LY AXIT
THIET KE X LY AXIT TANG CAT KET
VA TANG CACBONAT
X ly nhu axit o mang cho thanh he cacbonat
Nhu axit cho o mang cat ket
Sai sot hay gap phai trong qua trnh x ly axit
Cong nghe x ly axit vung can ay gieng
X LY NHU AXIT O MANG CHO THANH
HE CACBONAT
c tien hanh vi ap suat nho hn nhieu so vi ap suat nt
va
Muc ch lam tang tnh ong nhat ve he so tham thau trong
vung can ay gieng
Khoang cach hng tam cc ai ma axit co the xam nhap
vao va phu thuoc vao van toc dong chay axit trong lo rong
va thi gian tac dung cua no
NHU AXIT CHO O MANG CAT KET
Dung dch ra gieng sau khi x ly thng co cha:
Hydrocacbon hay HCl nong o 15% oi vi cac gieng
dau
HCl cho cac gieng bm ep nc
Axit, N
2
hoac kh t nhien cho cac gieng kh
The tch dung dch ra gieng sau khi x ly axit nen bang the
tch cua hon hp HCl + HF a s dung
SAI SOT HAY GAP PHAI TRONG QUA
TRNH X LY AXIT
Ket qua x ly khong at yeu cau co the do:
Khong s dung HF
Dung dch em khong co HCl
Lng hon hp axit khong u
Khong ra ngay
S dung dau diesel trong gieng kh hay bm ep nc
Gay v va trong khi x ly
Khong dung dung moi tng ho trong hon hp axit x ly
X ly thanh he khong b nhiem ban
CAC TRNG HP X LY
Gieng bm ep
Gieng khai thac
X LY AXIT GIENG BM EP
Khi chuyen gieng ang khai thac vao bm ep can tuan theo cac bc sau:
Ngng gieng ang hoat ong, thay dau trong gieng bang nc
hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
Keo cac thiet b long gieng len va tha can HKT en v tr phin
loc
M ngoai can HKT (khoang khong vanh xuyen)
ong ngoai can lai va bm vao va phan HCl con lai
M van ngoai can HKT, bm nc ay axit HCl (CKP) con lai
trong can vao va
Neu khoang khong vanh xuyen ngoai can HKT chat long
chiem cho la nc th khong ngng cac may bm
Ngng bm, thao thiet b, noi mieng gieng vi may bm va thiet
lap che o cong nghe
CONG NGHE X LY AXIT GIENG KHAI THAC
Ngng gieng, o ay dau, nc hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
theo ap suat va vao long gieng va HKT
Thao au gieng (cay thong), a cac thiet b long gieng len be mat
Xac nh ay gieng. Trng hp co lang ong ay gieng phai tien
hanh ra sach gieng
Tha HKT en v tr phin loc cuoi cung
Lap cay thong khai thac, noi mieng gieng vi ng bm e chuan b
bm nhu tng dau axit
Th ng bm ep va cay thong vi ap suat 35MPa
Chuan b hai may bm, mot may noi vi bon cha dung dch axit
Nhat thiet phai tuan thu trnh t khi bm nhu tng
Neu gieng sau x ly co trao chat long (chat long dap gieng la dau) th
thay the dau bang nc hoac dung dch co ty trong tng ng
AN TOAN TRONG X LY AXIT
X ly axit can phai c tien hanh bi oi chuyen nghiep c
ao tao ve x ly hoa hoc
Phai tranh xa cac ng cao ap va ng ni an toan
Trc khi th o kn cua ng ong, phai kiem tra o tin cay
cua tat ca cac cho noi, siet lai cac bo phan b hong, khong chat
Yeu cau an toan khi ket thuc cong viec
Tel : 84-8-8654086
PHNG PHP NT VA THY LC
NI DUNG
+ Cc thng s va nh hng n qu trnh nt va thy
lc
+ M hnh ton hc tnh ton qu trnh hnh thnh v
pht trin khe nt
+ Qu trnh nt va thy lc
Cc thng s nt va thy lc
Gradient nt va: L p sut
cn thit chiu su xc nh
to cc khe nt trong t
vng cn y ging.
Cc khe nt vung gc vi
phng c ng sut chnh nh
nht. Gradient nt va t l vi
gi tr ca ng sut nh nht
ny.
(
v
. P
0
) + . P
0
+ T
0
1 -
P
fg
=
D
P
fg
= ( P
ISI
+ P
h
) / D
P
fg
: Gradient nt va
v
: ng sut thng
: H s Poisson
: H s n hi
P
h
: p sut thy tnh
D : Chiu su khe nt
Gradient nt va
Bn cht ca qu trnh NVTL
M hnh pht trin khe nt
p sut pht trin khe nt v m un n hi
Q p sut pht trin khe nt:
L p sut cn thit m rng khe nt nh dung
dch nt va ban u.
Q M un n hi E:
H s c trng cho tnh n hi v cng ca t
khi chu ti.
M hnh PKN ( Perkin, Kern, Nordgren)
+ Tit din ngang ca khe nt trong mt phng thng
ng vung gc vi trc dc ca khe nt ch yu gi
c hnh dng elip c chiu cao khng thay i nhng
cnh khe nt su trong va un trn li vo trong.
M hnh PKN
h
f
.
.p
W(0,t) ~
E
(E
3
..q
i
.x
f
)
1/4
P ~
h
f
W: b rng ca khe nt
X: chiu di khe nt
h: chiu cao
Tit din ngang c hnh dng elip, cn tit din thng
ng c dng hnh ch nht.
M hnh KGD
M hnh KGD
x
f
.p
W(0,t) ~
E
(E
3
..q
i
)
1/4
P ~
h
f
1/4
.x
f
1/2
: nht ca cht lng
q: cng bm p
So snh 2 m hnh
QU TRNH NT VA
+ Cht lng nt va
+ Vt liu chn
+ Thit b tin hnh nt va thy lc
+ Qu trnh chun b nt va thy lc
+ Cng ngh tin hnh v cc bc kt thc qu trnh
nt va thy lc
Cht lng nt va
c im:
- Tng thch vi t v cht lng thnh h
- C kh nng duy tr vt liu chn trng thi l lng
vn chuyn su vo trong khe nt
- C nht ti u
- n nh cao h s mt dung dch thp
- D pha ch v chi ph hp l
Khng gy nhim bn thnh h, c hi i vi ngi v mi
trng
Tn hao do lc cn trong ct OKT nh cng sut bm cn
thit nh nht
Sau khi phn hy to thnh nhng cht lng ng t do
khng lm bt nhng khe nt c chn p v ly ht ln
sau qu trnh nt va.
. Dung dch nt va c th c chia 3 loi:
- Dung dch gc nc, gc du , nhiu pha.
Cht lng nt va
- Cht chng n mn: Catafin A, Marvelan-K(o)
- Cht hot tnh b mt: Anion,Sunfanol
- Cht bi trn: Poliacrilamit
- Cht to gel v chng mt dung dch: N
2
, Polimer tng
hp, ct mn
- Cc cht chng to cn, chng to bt
- Cc cht i dng:Axit benzoic, polimer, antracen
- Cc cht lm chm phn ng: CH
3
COOH, HCOOH
Cc cht ph gia
Vt liu chn
Mt s loi ht chn thng dng:
- Ct thch anh (0,5-1,2 mm ,t trng 2650 kg/m
3
)
- Bi thy tinh ( bng t trng ct)
- Bt bauxit nung kt (t trng 1400 kg/m
3
)
- Ht polimer tng hp (t trng 1100 kg/m
3
)
Tnh cht ca vt liu chn
- thm: c th nghim m phng theo iu kin va
n khi dng chy n nh cc mc chnh p khc
nhau.
- trn cnh v cu:c xc nh theo h s
Krubein 0,1 1,0.
- C ht : ng knh ln nht v nh nht c xc nh
theo tiu chun API
Ht chn cng ln cng c kh nng to dn thy tt
cho khe nt c chn, nhng kh a vo khe nt.
Ht nh to dn thy ban u nh nhng duy tr cao
hn ht ln
Kch thc vt liu chn
0.0083 0.0165 40/70
0.0117 0.0232 30/50
0.0165 0.0331 20/40
0.0331 0.0469 16/30
0.0331 0.0661 12/20
0.0469 0.0937 8/16
0.0661 0.1320 6/12
Nh nht Ln nht Kch thc li
ng knh ht , in
Kch thc ht thng s dng nh hn 20/40
Tnh cht ca vt liu chn
bn nn : Vt liu chn phi c bn nn cao
khng b ph hy trong khe nt.
bn nhit v ha hc
Khi c ln tp cht th bn ha hc b gim , c bit khi
ln fenspat (2%)
T trng:
nh hng ln n qu trnh vn chuyn n vo
trong khe nt. Ht c t trong ln i hi cht lng bm p
c t trng ln hoc nht ln, hoc t trng nh th tc
bm p cao gi ht trng thi l lng trong sut
qu trnh bm.
S la chn, tnh ton cc thng s ht chn rt quan
trng, ngi ta thng ch n cc thng s sau:
- c tnh vt l ca cc ht chn
- Mt ca cc ht chn trong khe nt
- Chiu rng ca khe nt sau khi khe nt ng li
- ng sut khp li ca khe nt
- Thnh phn lng ng ca dung dch nt va
Cc thng s cn lu
Vt liu chn
Vt liu chn trong ging
Thit b nt va
Thit b chnh trn b mt: My bm cht lng lm vic, my
chn ct, thit b nng th, u ming ging, ng ng
phn phi, cc bn cha
Thit b chnh trong lng ging: OKT ,Paker , nt cu chuyn
dng, neo gi cht paker, ng mm c ng knh nh
th c vo OKT tun hon cht lng , bm ra ct.
khi cn
Qu trnh chun b nt va thy lc
La chn ging
- Cng vic bao gm:
+ Thu thp, phn tch cc d liu vt l, c tnh va, thng
tin xy dng, hon thin, sa cha, x l trc
+ Xc nh trng thi OKT, Cht lng vnh ximng
+ Xc nh su t Paker
+ Thng thng NVTL t kt qu tt nhng ging
khai thc c p sut cao, mc tiu nc thp va c
cha du ln.
+ Khng nn tin hnh NVTL nhng ging c dng
chy mnh ca nc ngm hoc kh lin quan n khe
nt t nhng vng cha nc hoc kh t ging bm p,
nhng ging c s c k thut:
- Phn lc ca ging b ph v
- Ct ng chng b mo hoc b ph v
- Vnh trm ximng cha cao, cht lng km
+ NVTL nhng ging thn trn km hiu qu hn
nhng ging c chng ng, trm ximng, bn m
va
La chn ging NVTL
Cc cng tc chun b
+ Ln k hoch, chun b mt bng, thit b nt va
chnh, ph tr, thit b nng th, my bm p, bnh
cha.
+ X l thit b lng ging , OKT, y ging
+ Chun b cht lng nt va, vt liu chn
+ Tin hnh bm th nghim xc nh tip
nhn (p sut nt va, s thnh to khe nt)
+ p sut bt u nt va, khe nt m rng thm ti
h s tip nhn tng nhanh
Cng ngh tin hnh
Cc bc c bn:
- Th ct OKT + Paker chuyn dng xung su thit
k, m Paker
- Ni ng vi h thng my bm, bm th xc nh
tip nhn v cc thng s khc
- Bm p cht lng NVTL
- Bm p cht lng mang vt liu chn
- Bm p cht lng m y vt liu chn
M hnh NVTL
NVTL khng c ht chn
NVTL c ht chn
Gi dng v a ging vo lm vic
y l cng on cui cng a ging vo s
dng. Phi bm ra sch vt liu chn cn li
y ging ln b mt , tin hnh gi dng hoc bm
p.
Tel : 84-8-8654086
Tel : 84-8-8654086
Fhuh FhAF TAl h
572 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
NOI DUNG
Q Muc ch
Q C s ly thuyet
Q Cach tien hanh va pham vi ap dung
Q u nhc iem
MUC CH
Trong hoat ong khoan va khai thac dau kh lam cho vung
lan can ay gieng b nhiem ban, bt nhet cac khe nt t
gay va kenh dan vao ay gieng.
Hau qua cua viec nhiem ban la lam giam lu lng khai
thac va hieu qua khai thac cua va.
Vi muc ch phuc hoi hoac lam tang o tham at a vung
can ay gieng. Ngi ta co the ap dung phng phap x ly
vung lan can ay gieng bang phng phap ra axt, nhiet,
trai no, nt va thuy lc.
Khi x dung cac phng phap ra axt, nhiet, nt va thuy
lc khong hieu qua: tc la no ch tap trung vao viec phuc
hoi o tham ban au cua vung can ay gieng.
Phng phap nt va bang trai no lam tang moi quan he
thuy ong lc hoc gia va va gieng nh m rong va tao
them mang khe nt mi trong at a vung lan can ay
gieng.
Khi thanh he cha dau kh vi tr lng thng mai nhng
o tham cua tang cha lai qua thap khong cho phep at
lu lng khai thac va he so thu hoi cao ngi ta dung
phng phap nt va bang trai no rat co hieu qua.
MUC CH
Ban chat cua phng phap la kch no 1 lng thuoc no at trong gieng tao
mot ap suat tc thi (40-160MPa) tuy theo ac iem a chat, o sau, ac
iem thach hoc, cau tao va.
Ap suat thuoc no phai ln hn ap suat v va cua vung lan can ay gieng.
Qua trnh tao khe nt va o tham cao.
Khi no no tao ra 1 ap suat manh sinh ra nhieu song vi van toc rat ln vi
thi gian rat nhanh c 0,01 en 0,3 giay tao nen s chan ong dan len toan
bo chat long trong gieng.
Chat long trong gieng khong kp chuyen ong, no ong vai tro nh 1
Packer long cung vi khoi lng kh sinh ra u ln e lam nt v at a
vung lan can ay gieng.
C S LY THUYET CUA PHNG PHAP
+Cach tien hanh
+Xac nh o dai o rong cua cac khe nt tao thanh
+Tnh toan khoi lng thuoc no
+Pham vi ap dung
CACH TIEN HANH VA PHAM VI AP DUNG
Viec anh gia anh hng c hoc len vung lan can ay
gieng da tren ket qua tnh toan cac khe nt.
Qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien cac khe nt t gay
phu thuoc vao tnh chat c hoc at a, chieu sau cua va
san pham.
Ap suat tao ra trong ay gieng.
Lu lng chat va kh c ep vao trong khe nt trong
qua trnh khoan va khai thac.
CACH TIEN HANH
Cong thc xac nh o dai khe nt:
XAC NH O DAI O RONG CUA KHE NT TAO THANH
Trong o:
-L
n
: o dai khe nt
-W
n
: o rong khe nt
-V
o
: he so poison cua at a
-E: mo un an hoi cua at a.
-P
T
: ap suat chat long
-P
: ap suat at a
-P
v
: ap suat va
-V
cl
, V
kh
: the tch chat long va chat kh
-h: chieu cao cua khe nt
n
T
2
0
n
d v T
2
0
kh cl
n
L
E
) P )(P v 4(1
W
)h P P )(P v 2,8.N(1
) v E(v
L

=

=
Muc ch cua viec tnh toan khoi lng chat no cho chnh xac la tao c 1 ap
suat trong gieng ap suat cua at a.
Ap suat trong gieng nay la ap suat toi u chung ta can tnh toan, phai gap 3 lan
ap suat thuy tnh trong gieng Po
Ta co cong thc:
Vi
H: o dai cua chum trai no
P: ap suat toi u
Po: ap suat thuy tnh
f.
n
: theo thc nghiem la 1700MPa
k = 2,28.10
-3
TNH TOAN KHOI LNG CHAT NO
0
n 0
0
P
)f 2k(1
) (1 P
H

+
=
TNH TOAN KHOI LNG CHAT NO
+ at a ran chac va lu lng gieng khai thac thap
+ Gieng cha goi c dong
+ Gieng co lu lng giam nhanh do cac khe nt b tat nghen hoac
cac nguyen nhan khac
+ Giai phong nhng ong con ket trong gieng, pha huy vat kim loai
ay gieng nh bo khoan cu, ong chong b tuot
+ Loai trai no thng dung co khoi lng tuy theo ac iem a chat
cua va san pham ma thong thng la 17 en 19Kg e x ly va
san pham vi chieu day t 10 en 50m
PHAMVI AP DUNG
5 6 3 4 So lng trai no
40 55 25 40
Ap suat thuy tnh
(MPa)
+ Khi ap dung phng phap x ly bang trai no.
+ Khong can dap gieng va keo ong khai thac len trc khi x ly v
an no co kch thc be, co the tha qua thiet b mieng gieng va
ong khai thac xuong ay gieng.
+ Cho phep phan bo ap suat len vung can ay gieng tang chieu dai
va o rong cac khe nt.
+ Nang cao hieu qua khai thac.
+ Khong ton thi gian lau, tien ch trong kinh te.
+ Phng phap nay t ton kem hn so vi cac phng phap khac.
U IEM
+ Nhc iem cua phng phap nay la sau khi cho no va khai thac 6
12 thang th lu lng khai thac b giam han.
+ Nguyen nhan do tnh chat an hoi cua at a. Khi chung ta cho no
th at a gian n ra tao nen khe nt rong va khi trong 1 thi gian
dai cac khe nt ay se b khep lai do at a tr lai v tr an hoi cu.
+ Cac khe nt o khong co hat chen trong khi no nen khi khai thac
cac khe nt de b khep lai.
+ Tnh toan khoi lng thuoc no qua mc can thiet se gay nen v
va, sup l thanh he chon vui tan san pham.
+ Neu tnh toan khoi lng thuoc no khong u se khong tao nen cac
khe nt rong ma chung ta can.
NHC IEM
Hnh mnh hou
Hnh mnh hou
Hnh mnh hou
Hnh mnh hou
Hnh mnh hou
Tel : 84-8-8654086
LA CHN CNG NGH X L
VNG CN Y GING M BCH H
Ni dung trnh by
+ M u
+ Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim bn thnh h
+ Cc phng php x l
+ nh gi hiu qu kinh t
+ Kt lun
M u
Khai thc du kh Vit Nam hin nay l mt ngnh cng nghip mi
nhn mang li hiu qu kinh t cao nht so vi cc ngnh khc.
Trong cc qu trnh khoan, hon thin ging, khai thc v sa cha
ging u gy ra hin tng nhim bn thnh h cc mc khc
nhau, lm gim lu lng khai thc ca ging.
Cn phi c cc gii php cng ngh ti u tc ng ln vng cn
y ging tng h s thu hi du kh ca m.
XNLD Vietsovpetro tin hnh cc gii php cng ngh tc ng
ln vng cn y ging v mang li nhng hiu qu kinh t to ln
(thng qua vic la chn cc cng ngh x ly ging thch hp va
nh gia hiu qu cc phng php ny trong qu trnh khai thc
m Bch H trong cc nm 1991-2005)
Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim bn thnh h
Qu trnh khoan
S trng n ca cc khong vt st c mt trong cc tng sn
phm khi tip xc vi nc v dung dch c kim cao (h
Lignosunfonat) lm co tht cc l rng trong tng cha.
Qu trnh thm lc ca dung dch khoan vo tng cha to th
nhu tng nc - du bn vng, lm gim thm
S xm nhp ca pha rn trong dung dch khoan vo thnh h
lm bt nht cc l hng v khe nt ca collector.
Mc nhim bn ca tng cha cng nghim trng hn nu s
chnh p gia ct dung dch v va cng ln.
Qu trnh chng ng & trm xi mng
Sau khi chng ng v bm trm xi mng, khu vc nhim xi
mng c thm bng khng. Vic khi phc thm t nhin
ca va gp kh khn v lm gim h s sn phm ca ging.
Ngoi ra, cc sn phm sinh ra do phn ng gia cht ph gia
v dung dch m cng gy nhim bn thnh h.
Cng ngh hon thin ging & mc m va
Lm gim thm v kh nng khai thc ca va do s bt
nht ca cc vt rn v polime c trong dung dch.
Do s trng n v khuch tn ca st, s thm lc ca khi
nh tng v s lng ng ca cc cht cn bn
S nhim bn do lp xi mng, mnh vn,s nn p xung
quanh l bn, lp kim loi nng chysinh ra t cng ngh
bn m va sau khi chng ng va trm xi mng
Qu trnh khai thc
Hin tng nhim bn d xy ra khi khai thc vi tc cao
hoc gy ra hin tng gim p t ngt.
S lng ng ca mui, parafin, cht rn, qu trnh sinh ct, s
to thnh hydrat v nh tng trong qu trnh khai thc cng
lm tng ng k mc nhim bn thnh h.
Qu trnh sa cha & x l ging
Trong qu trnh sa cha ging cng gy ra nhim bn thnh h
do dung dch sa cha ging, vt liu to cu xi mng, do va xi
mng cn d trong ging
Dung dch dp ging (thng s dng l dung dch gc nc,
nc bin x l bng PAV v dung dch st), c t trng ln
nn d dng xm nhp su vo va hn dung dch khoan va
dung dch m va va d to mui kt ta.
Thm vo o hiu ng pistng khi ko th b dng c sa cha
ging, thit b o trong ging cng lm trm trng hn vn .
Cc phng php x l
Nt va thy lc
Phng php ny c hiu qu trong tng Oligoxen.
Cng ngh nt va ht sc phc tp i hi nhiu thi gian,
cng sc v thit b cho qu trnh x l.
Khng tin hnh nt va thy lc nhng ging c s c k
thut nh khong bn (phin lc) ca ging b ph v, ct ng
chng b bin dng, cht lng xi mng bm trm km.
Cc phng php x l
n hi to p sut phi hp x l axit
Phng php ny c hiu qu trong tng Oligoxen.
u im : Mt t thi gian v cng sc, va to ra khe nt mi
va x l cc cht cn, cc mnh vn, m rng khe nt c.
Nhc im : Khe nt d b khp li, d lm bin dng ct ng
hay b ri cp nh hng n cht lng ca ging.
Cc phng php x l
Axt
Dung dch axit
Phng php x l ny c th p dng i vi va c nhit
thp v c hiu qu cao trong tng Mioxen.
u im : n gin v thi gian x l nhanh.
Nhc im : Tc n mn cao, dung dch axt khng xm
nhp su vo va, cn nhiu kinh nghim chn thi gian
gi axit hp l.
Cc phng php x l
Axt
Bt axit
Phng php ny x l hiu qu trong tng Oligoxen.
u im : Bt axit c th xm nhp su vo va, tng s bao
bc tc dng ln ton b chiu dy ca tng sn phm.
Cng tc gi dng sau x l d dng.
Nhc im: Cng ngh x l tng i phc tp v cn
c bit ch n cng tc an ton.
Cc phng php x l
Axt
Nh tng axit
Phng php ny x l rt hiu qu trong tng Mng v
Oligoxen, t hiu qu cao nht trong cc phng php x
l axit.
u im: Cng ngh khng phc tp, p sut lm vic
khng cao, tnh n mn thp thp, kh nng xm nhp su.
Nhc im: Cn xc nh mt cch hp l thi gian ng
ging sau mi chu k bm p, nng axit, t l pha ch
nh tng thch hp vi tnh cht ca t tng cha.
Hiu qu kinh t
Nghin cu cc s liu thc t m Bch H trong giai on 1991-
2005 cho thy cng tc x l ging khai thc du khng ngng tng v
s lng v hiu qu x l: 290 ln x l bng cc phng php khc
nhau vi lng du thu thm c l 1.626.720 tn.
Hiu qu ca phng php x l ging c nh gi da trn kt
qu lng du va s tin thu thm c trn mt ln x l.
So snh hiu qu kinh t ca cc phng php
T.Bn
h
765 313 3 563,3 25 255
340
117 590 48,5 33 n to p sut
phi hp vi x l
axit.
Thp 1 401,7 2 749,6 64 480 126 480 61 46 Nt va thy lc.
T.Bn
h
510 840 2 340 2 554 200 11 700 60 5 Bt axit
Rt
cao
1
705834,5
7 627,6 296 815
200
1 327
200
73 174 Nh tng axit
Kh
cao
290
984,4
1 367,2 9 311 500 43 750 65,6 32 Dung dch axit
nh
gi
hiu
qu
kinh
t
S tin
thu c
trn mt
ln x l
(USD/l
n)
Lng
du thu
thm trn
mt ln x
l
(tn/ln)
Tng s
tin thu
thm c
(USD)
Tng
lng
du thu
thm
c
(tn)
T l
thnh
cng (%)
Tng s
ln x l
(ln)
Phng php x
ly
Hiu qu kinh t ca cc phng php x l vng cn y ging
khai thc m Bch H t nm 1991 - 2005
Hiu qu kinh t
Hiu qu kinh t
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Axit bnh thng Nh tng axt Bt axit Nt va
thy lc
n to p sut
phi hp axt
(
%
)
Lng du thu thm (%)
S tin thu c (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Axit bnh thng Nh tng axt Bt axit Nt va
thy lc
n to p sut
phi hp axt
(
%
)
T l ng dng (%)
Lng du thu thm (%)
Hnh 1: Mc p dng va hiu
qu x ly vng cn y ging m
Bch H t 1991-2005
Hnh 2: T l lng du va tin
thu thm c trn mt ln x ly
vng cn y ging m Bch
H t 1991-2005
Kt lun
Cng tc x l vng cn y ging trong thi gian 1991 2005 m Bch H
t c hiu qu kinh t cao, gp phn duy tr v gia tng sn lng khai
thc ton m. Trong cc phng php x l, nh tng axit l phng php
p dng rng ri nht va t hiu qu cao nht.
Theo thi gian khai thc p sut va gim dn, vic x l ngy cng gp kh
khn, c bit cng tc gi dng sau sa cha v x l ging. Do trong thi
gian ti cn phi:
Tip tc hon thin cng ngh x l tng sn lng khai thc du trn
c s c kt kinh nghim trong nhng nm qua, c bit ch trng
nng cao hiu qu x l ca tng phng php.
Tng cng cng tc x l ging bng ha cht ch yu l l dung dch
axit v nh tng axit.
Tm kim cc phng php x l ging mi, m bo c hiu qu cao
(gy xung rung vng cn y, cc phng php ngn cch va nc
nh trong cc ging khai thc du bng ha cht)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
Xu L vuh 6Ah A lLh M 8A6h h
8Ah hhu Tuh Au -AXT
PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh 607
h0I 0h
+ Co thoo
+ 1ong qoun mo buch ho
+ Cuc phoong phup xo y vong cun duy gong o mo
buch ho
+ Houn cong ngho xo y uxt o mo buch ho
+ 1hot ko xo y nho toong duo-uxt o mo buch ho
I0I ThIE0
+ 1u suo phu xo y vong cun duy gong
+ Vu tro phoong phup xo y bung nho toong duo-uxt
+ Doo kon up dong phoong phup xo y bung nho
toong duo-uxt
+ 1u suo phu xo y nho toong duo-uxt o mo uch Ho

1hoo dnh out thum Durxy, tu co :
Do unh hoong cou hoo ong Skn
Vo S = S
l
+S
2
+S
3
+S
4
L
P F k
Q
.
. .
=
S
g
r
s
r
s
P h k
Q
lg
. . . .
2
P
P
W
P
W
r
W
r
e
P
Skin
=P
W
-P
W
S sut ap do hieu ng Skin
Do do do khong b unh hoong hoo ong Skn th cun phu
tung do chonh up tl
v
-l
d
) :
+ Doy tr up sout vu
+ Xo y vong cun duy gong
he so skin
T0h 0kh M0 8k6h h0
+ 1ong qoun mo uch Ho vu cuc do toong khu thuc o mo
uch Ho
+ 1rung thu ky thout cou qoy gong khu thuc vu bom op
tu mo uch Ho

Mo uch Ho
Mo Bach ho
6oI dIa Iang mo 8arh ho
Cot du tung

van de a suat uiua cac cot onu chonu
1hong ko qoy gong co up sout gou cuc cot ong chong

huuven nhan nhiem ban
Ngoyon nhun guy nhom bun o mo uch Ho

Cac huJnu ha xu lv vunu can dav uienu J mo Bach ho
Xo y uxt kot hop chut hout tnh bo mut, xo rou thoy oc vu kho
thong vu.
Not vu tong hop nho dun no tuo kh cuo up lCD vu chut ong
hout tnh.
1uo cuc kho runh thum suo nho tuc dong cou hou phum vu chut
hout tnh bo mut.
Not vu thoy oc co chon op kho not tuo thunh bung cut nhun tuo.
So phun bo kho oong cong voc xo y thoo tong do toong
Cac huJnu ha xu lv vunu can dav uienu J mo Bach ho
+ lhoong phup xo y uxt
+ lhoong phup tru no tuo kh cuo up
+ lhoong phup not vu thoy oc
+ Cuc phoong phup xo y vong cun duy gong khuc
Cong ngho phun rou sot
Cong ngho xo y bung dong mo
Cong ngho xo y bung don to
1uc dong soo um
Ngan cach nc
Thonu ke
ong thai x ly vung can ay gieng t nam 1991-2000
h0kh ThIEh 60h hhE X0 LY kXT 0 M0 8k6h h0
+ Xo y nho toong kh-duo-uxt
+ 1huo rou nhunh cuc sun phum phun ong kh xo y
uxt nho hon hop hou b phun gu DMC
+ Not vu thoy oc uxt co chon proppunt vo nong
do thup
+ Not vu thoy oc uxt vu not vu thoy oc uxt kot
hop bom kh N
2
+ Xo y uxt doo up sout cuo
Thao rua nhanh rar san pham phan ung khI xu Iy axI
nho hon hop hoa pham bI phan gIaI M6
NH
4
C + NuNO
2
= NuC +H
2
O + N
2

So do cong ngho bom hou phum
80
0
C
huI va Ihuy Iur axI va nuI va Ihuy Iur axI
kaI hop bom kh h
Z
Co cho tuc dong cou moo-uxt :
MoSAOn+HC MoC+H
2
SO
3
+A
2
O
3
nSO
2
nH
2
O
Mo hnh not vu thoy oc uxt
huI va Ihuy Iur axI ro proppanI voI nong do Ihap
Mau a trc, trong va sau qua trnh nt va thuy lc axt
co chen propant vi nong o thap
Xu Iy axI duoI ap suaI
Mandrel
Mandrel
Van tuan hoan
Van
an
toan
Bo bu
tr
nhiet
Parker
Nippel
Van cat
Khoang
than tran
Cau truc gieng khai thac dau
ThIET kE X0 LY hh0 T00h k0kXT 0 M0 8k6h h0
+ 1hunh phun dong dch xo y
+ Co so up oun thot ko
+ 1hot ko xo y nho toong duo-uxt o mo uch Ho
Thanh phan dung dIrh xu Iy
Dong dch moo-uxt :
+ HC l0-l5%
+ CH
3
COOH 2-5%
+ Chut oc cho un mon l-5%
+ Chut hout tnh bo mut
0,5-l%
+ Nooc 74-86,5%
Dong dch sot-uxt :
+ Hl 3-5%
+ HC 8-l0%
+ CH
3
COOH 2-5%
+ Chut oc cho un mon
l-5%
+ Chut hout tnh bo mut
0,5-l%
+ Nooc 74-84,5%
6o so Iap Iuan IhIaI ka
lhoong un l : Khong bot thong
tn vong xo y
+ 1ho tch dong dch sot-uxt
bom op un l u 60% V
HK1
.
+ 1ho tch nho toong duo-uxt
bom op top thoo u V
HK1
.
lhoong un 2 : ot nhoo thong tn
vong xo y
+ Dou vuo tho tch uxt cun cho l m
choo duy vu mu tnh toun dooc
tho tch uxt cun dong.
+ Loong uxt chu um nhoo un bom
op toy thooc vuo khu nung bom
op.
too v :
Noo do top nhun cou vu on hon 0,3m
3
/phot th voc bom
op uxt ton hunh bung duo.
Noo do top nhun cou vu nho hon 0,3m
3
/phot th voc bom
op uxt ton hunh bung nooc dooc xo y chut hout tnh bo mut.
ThIaI ka xu ky nhu Iuong dauaxI IaI mo 8arh ho
1nh chut thunh ho
+ Nhot do vu l49
0
C
+ 1y trong duo 38,40
0
All
+ 1y so kh/duo 633 sc/bb
+ Ap sout dom bot kh 243ut
+ Ap sout vu 270 ut
+ Do thum 5 md
+ Kh/Kv 5
+ Do rong l0 %
+ Vong nhom bun l5,3 cm
+ Crudont not vu 0,2l ut/m
Duc tnh thuch hoc
+ Courtz 37,5 %
+ Mcu l0 %
+ Cucto l%
+ Doomt l%
+ K-lodspur 25 %
+ Nu- lodspur 22 %
+ Kuonto l %
+ Smotto l %
+ Chorto 0,5 %
+ Zooto l %
1nh trung gong trooc kh xo y
+ 1ong sun oong khu thuc 920 S1/D
+ Ap sout dong chuy tu duy gong 252 ut
+ Ho so Skn nhom bun 23,l
+ 1ung xo y tung Mong
+ Koo nhom bun chut run bon
+ Do suo vong xo y 4079 m
+ Do duy vong xo y 4230 m
+ Doong xo y cot ong khu thuc
+ 1ho tch cot ong khu thuc
V
HK1
= l2,86 m
3
+ 1ho tch ong gong thot up
bo cuo troc ong chong
V
g
= 79,0l m
3
+ 1ho tch duy gong
V
o
= 2,93 m
3
+ 1ho tch uxt cun thot
V = 75,5 m
3
2870
89
194
73
168
140
151
403
4040
4060
4079
4230
2840
Cuo troc gong xo y
1ho tch uxt cun so dong dooc tnh thoo cong thoc :
A
a
V
. . 10
=
Giai oan 1 : 12,86 m
3
dung
dch muoi-axt vi thanh phan
+ HCl 12 %
+ CH
3
COOH 2 %
+ CI-25 va Hytemp 2%
+ Hoat tnh be mat 0,2%
Giai oan 2 : hon hp nhu
tng gom 62,64m
3
set-axt va
25,1 m
3
dau vi thanh phan
+ HF 3%
+ HCl 10%
+ CH
3
COOH 2 %
+ CI-25 va Hytemp 2 %
+Hoat tnh be mat 0,2%
Do cuo troc tung sun phum, qoy trnh xo y dooc ton
hunh thoo :
0uv trinh xu lv
Banh uia uuv trinh xu lv
+ Ho so hoo qou xo y khoung 50-60%
+ Cun nung cuo hoo qou xo y
kET L0kh
+ Khong ngong houn thon cong ngho xo y uxt
+ Cu tung tho tch uxt xo y
+ Cu tung toc do bom op
+ Cun nhoo thong tn ch tot hon vo thunh ho
+ Dum buo tot cong tuc go dong suo kh xo y
Tel : 84-8-8654086
PHNG PHP KHAI THC T PHUN
h0I 0h Thh 8kY
Q Ly thoyot vo so to phon
Q 1hunh phun thot b gong
Q Cuc so co vu cuc bon phup phong ngou
khkI hIEM
Dong chut oo to vu chuy vuo gong u do so chonh up gou up sout vu vu up
sout duy gong, doo do do ho cun l nung oong doo dung chonh up:
1rong do:
\
1N
: Nung oong to nhon
\
N1
: Nung oong nhun tuo
\
l
: Nung oong tuo ru dong chuy to vu gong
\
2
: Nung oong nung chut oo to duy mong gong
\
3
: Nung oong do chut oo qou cuc thot b mong gong
\
4
: Nung oong do chut oo to mong gong cuc ho thong tch chou
Doo kon do khu thuc to phon u: \
NT
= 0
4 3 2 1
W W W W W W
NT TN
+ + + +
k6 Thh h0h h0F T0h IEh T0 Fh0h
Nung oong kh hou tun dong vu tro rut qoun trong.
Nung oong \ cou hon hop ong kh cun thot do nung chut ong to duy gong
tld) mong gong tlm):
trong do:
Co : 1ho tch kh to do o duy gong
Al : Nung oong kh gun no kh up sout thuy do to ld don lm
4
1
10
( )
d m d
o
m
W Ln
P P P
G A
P
= + +
T0h hk0 0 Mk 8kT
2
2 10 . . .
FR
H
G D
V
P

=
trong o:
- : he so ma sat, phu thuoc vao gia tr Reynold (Re)
- V: van toc chat lu trong ong khai thac (m/s)
- D: ng knh ong khai thac (m)
- H: chieu cao tuyet oi (m)

80 EYh0L (a)
2 3 0 0
.
R e
v d
= <
D
6 4
R e
=
2 3 0 0 R e >
D
4
0 3 1 1 4 .
R e
=
hhkh XET
+ Khi ap suat ay P
tang lu lng khai thac tang, nhng do ton that

ma sat tang lu lng thc te giam.
+ Ham lng nc trong san pham khai thac tang th yeu to kh se giam
(vi cung ieu kien ap suat ay P
) can khong che ham lng nc

trong san pham khai thac e duy tr qua trnh t phun.
+ S thay oi ng knh cot ong nang trong cung 1 ieu kien nh nhau
(o dai, ap suat mieng gieng P
m
) s thay oi cua ap suat ay gieng
va lu lng khai thac dau (tang ng knh cot ong nang ap suat ay
gieng P
giam va lu lng tang len)

+ Ap suat ay gieng P
co the thay oi bang cac bien phap:

+ Thay oi ng knh cot ong nang
+ Tao oi ap tren mieng gieng hoac tao ra o chenh ap bang cach
at con tiet lu tren cot ong nang.
Thkhh Fhkh ThIET 8I L0h IEh
Hnh 2 Cau truc cot ong khai
thac va thiet b long gieng oi
vi cac gieng thuoc tang mong
ThIET 8I MIEh IEh
Thiet b mieng gieng c dung e:
- Treo va gi cac cot ong khai thac tren mieng gieng, hng dong chat
long va kh theo cot ong nang len be mat
- Hng san pham khai thac vao thiet b o va bnh tach
- Tao oi ap tren mieng gieng (thay oi che o lam viec cua gieng)
- o ap suat trong khoang khong vanh xuyen gia cot OKT va cot ong
chong khai thac, ong thi e o ap suat tai cac ong xa, thc hien cac
thao tac khi goi dong, khai thac, khao sat va sa cha gieng
ThIET 8I MIEh IEh
Nhng ieu kien e thiet b mieng gieng khai thac t phun lam viec c
xac nh bi:
1. Ap suat lam viec trong gieng
2. Van toc chuyen ong cua dong chat lu
3. ac tnh phun
4. Moi trng lam viec (an mon?)
Doo kon l unh hoong cho yoo to so ou chon ou thot b mong gong
so dong
Fhkh L0kI
1oy thooc vuo doo kon phon, thot b mong gong
dooc phun ou thoo cuo troc vu do bon cou chong:
Theo ap suat lam viec
Theo kieu noi gia cac thiet b
Theo so lng cot ong tha xuong gieng (mot cot hoac hai cot ong)
Theo cau truc (s phan bo cua nhng ng ong xa)
Theo kch thc tiet dien thong cua ong (100mm hoac 63mm)
THI
THI
T
T
B
B
U
U
GI
GI
NG
NG
u ging l ton b thit b trn mt kt thc cu trc
ging
Hnh dng c th khc nhau tu thuc vo giai on tin
hnh ging v gm cc kiu sau:
trn b mt: cc thit b treo ng v cy thng
khai thc
Phn di (thng dI mt t) c cu to
treo ct ng chng v dng c ph tr
CAC THIET B AU GIENG
CY THNG KHAI THC
U CT NG C S (CASING HEAD HOUSING)
ay l b phn u tin c lp rp vi ct ng chng trn b mt
hoc bng u ren c, nhng thng bng u ren ci hoc hn
Vic lp rp cn phi thc hin rt cn thn, m bo nm ngang
ca mt bch (vng kp) trn. Cc mi hn bn ngoi v bn trong
cn c th nghim bng bm thng qua l doa gia 2 mi hn
Chnh ct ng chng trn mt v u ct ng c s tt c ct ng
d kin cng nh thit b BOP.Trong cc ging khoan su,trng
lng ct ng rt ln,do thng chn u ct ng co tam e tron
CASING HEAD
CHM NEO (CASING HANGER)
ay la thiet b neo va treo cot ong vao au mieng ong.
Thiet b nay gom mot bo nem mau vao thanh ong can
treo khi trt tren phan con cua au cot ong. No c
lap them mot bo vong cao su e lam kn
au ong va chem neo c thiet ke cho nhng yeu cau
khac nhau va do o chung c chon tuy theo ti trong
phai chu.
Co 3 nguyen ly cong nghe che tao cac chem neo nh
sau:
Chem va em lam kn rieng biet
Chem va packer gop lien
Chem t ong
ONG NOI AI KEP TREO ONG CHONG
Bo phan nay cung can e cot ong chong gom:
Hai bch co thc va loai khac nhau: bch di phai
co cung kch thc va cung loai vi bch cua au cot
ong c s e am bao lap noi c
Mot lo hnh con hay hnh tru phan tren e cha
c cac chan neo cua ong tiep theo
Mot lo hnh tru phan di cha bo phan dan hng
dung cu va he thong lam kn
CASING POOL
ONG NOI AI KEP TREO ONG KHAI THAC
au ong khai thac giong nh au cua
ong hai bch. S khac biet chu yeu la
ong khai thac treo co the keo len de
dang khi can thiet
THIE
THIE
T B KIE
T B KIE
M SOA
M SOA
T DO
T DO
NG CHA
NG CHA
Y
Y
Thiet b kiem soat dong gom cac van tiet lu sau:
Van tiet lu co kch thc co nh
Van tiet lu ieu chnh bang tay
Van tiet lu ieu khien bang thuy lc
THIET B KIEM SOAT DONG CHAY
- Ton hao ap suat phu thuoc vao ng knh cot ong
khai thac
- ieu chnh van toc chuyen ong cua hon hp chat
long kh va tao oi ap len va
- Phong nga s hnh thanh nut cat tren ay gieng
- Keo dai thi gian t phun cua gieng
MUC CH VA CHC NANG COT ONG KHAI THAC
l. lhoong phup bun thoc nghom
2. lhoong phup do th
6k6 Fh00h FhkF L0k 6h0h 60T 0h khkI Thk6
Giai oan khai thac t phun
Giai oan au chon che o khai thac toi a Q
max
Giai oan cuoi la che o khai thac toi u Q
opt
.
PHNG PHAP BAN THC NGHIEM
o th q = f(v) khi D=const, =const
PHNG PHAP BAN THC NGHIEM
Moi ong khai thac lam viec vi mot he so nhung chm cho
trc va c tnh theo cong thc:
Vi: P ap suat ay ong khai thac (N/m
2
)
Pm ap suat mieng gieng (N/m
2
)
L chieu dai cot ong (m)
Khoi lng rieng cua dau (Tan/m
3
)
g Gia toc trong trng (m/s
2
)
Fh00h FhkF 8kh Th06 hhIEM
gL
p p
m d

=
ng knh ong khai thac c xac nh theo cong thc:
Vi: P
ap suat ay ong khai thac (N/m

2
)
P
m
ap suat mieng gieng (N/m
2
)
L chieu dai cot ong (m)
d ng knh ong khai thac (m)
Q
max
Lu lng khai thac toi a (tan/d)
6hE 0 khkI Thk6 T0I k
MkX
3
0.5
max
m d
1.8
Q
P P
L
d
=
ng knh ong khai thac c xac nh theo cong
thc:
6hE 0 khkI Thk6 T0I 00
opI
( ) [ ]
3
8 . 1
m d
opt
m d
P P g L
L Q
P P
g L
d

=

Loo y:
Noo doong knh cot ong nhun dooc bung tnh toun khong
trong vo doong knh choun t48, 60, 73, 89, l02, ll4mm) th
chon ong co doong knh choun gun vo kot qou tnh, houc
chon ong co hu cup doong knh
Voc chon doong knh ong khu thuc con pho thooc vuo cuc
yoo to vu doo kon ky thout khuc nho: yoo to kh o coo gu
doun to phon, cuc thot b khuo sut tdoong knh ngou khoung
40mm) cun thu vuo ong gong
Fh00h FhkF 8kh Th06 hhIEM
Fh00h FhkF 0 ThI
o IhI phan bo ap suaI dor Ihao roI ong nang Ihao Iuu Iuong khaI Ihar
6ar duong dar Inh nang rua gIang
Fh00h FhkF 0 ThI
So dong ho doong cong duc trong do vo doong knh
cot ong khu thuc khuc nhuo ttu go u cuc doong duc
tnh nung)
1ron do th cong xuy dong doong duc tnh dong vuo
cou vu sun phum
Cuo dom cou doong duc tnh dong vuo tl) vu ho
doong cong duc tnh nung cou gong t2) xuc dnh doo
kon khu thuc cou gong
Fh00h FhkF 0 ThI
Fh00h FhkF 0 ThI
Cac so co tboong gap trong kbai tbac
Tch tu nc ay
Hien tng phun trao
Hien tng cat chay vao gieng
Lang ong parafin
Hien tng xung ap
Cac s co be mat
Trh Iu nuor o day
- keo dai thi gian khai thac t phun th phi khai thac vi lu lng
hp ly.
- Vn tc nang cht lu trong ng khai thac gim lam xut hin nguy c tch
nc ay. Kt qu lam tng ap sut ay va lam gim lu lng khai
thac, chm dt sm s t phun
Bin phap khc phc
- Tng vn tc nang cht lu t ging
- H ng nang en ay
hIan Iuong phun Irao
Nguyen nhan
Do thit b ming ging khong bo m
Bin phap khc phc
Phi luon th u ging va cac van an toan trc khi a vao hot
ng. Nu ap suat va nhit thay i t ngt vt qua gia tr nh mc th
van an toan t ng ong ging.
hIan Iuong raI rhay vao gIang
Nguyen nhan
Lu lng khai thac qua ln
Moi trng lan cn vung can ay ging co s xoi
ra ca nc khong n nh
ngp nc ca ging tng
hIan Iuong raI rhay vao gIang
Hau qu
1o not cut o duy gong um tung up sout duy gong, gum o ng khu
thuc
Bin phap khc phc
Khu thuc v ch d hp y suo cho vn tc dong thum o vong cn duy
gng khong voot qou gu tr to hun um phu ho vu
Lp dt cuc phn c dc bt nhm ngn cut
m ru thng xoyon
Lang dong paraIIn
iu kin thanh to
Cac ht rn parafin tach ra t trng thai hoa tan ca du
khi nhit gim
Dong chy trong ng ng co ln kh t do
nht ca du thp
Lang dong paraIIn
Cac bin pbap pbong nga Ing dng parafin
Doy tr nht d n dnh trong qou trnh khu thuc vu vn choyn
do kh, gm tho s mt nht nh ch d bm t o.
Doy tr up sot vn choyn tron toun toyn khong thp hon up sot
dom bot kh.
1ng up sot do vuo um vn tc dong chy tng on vu dt ch d
chy r, um cho cuc phn t purun kho kot hp v nhuo.
Lum gm d nhum bon trong dng ng bng cuch dunh bong,
dong cht ng, tho tnh th bc bon trong dng ng hoc so dong
cuc cht hot tnh b mt, bo trn.
Lang dong paraIIn
Cac bin phap phong nga lng ng parafin
Tng nht ca du nh cht ph gia tng nht (bm nh k).
Dung cht ph gia: co tac dung lam c ch tinh th, bin i tinh
th ca mt s thanh phn paraffin, tng sc cng b mt ca du, to
mang nc tren ng ng. Kt qu lam gim c nhit kt tinh,
gim nht ca du, gim c nham ca thanh ng.
Dung phng phap bm dau x ly nhit cho phep thu c du co
cu truc paraffin kem bn vng.
X ly du bng t trng.
Lang dong paraIIn
Cac bin phap kh lng ng paraffin
Nhit: dung du nong, kh hoc hi mang nhit pha v cac lp
parafin kt ta.
C hc: s dng cac thoi no nh k phong vao ng ng
thong ng ng.
Hoa hoc: dung dung moi hoa tan cac hp chat paraffin, ngam va
ra ng ong
hIan Iuong xung ap
Nguyen nhan
Khi ng khai thac c t sau co ap sut thp hn ap sut bao hoa,
mt phn cht kh s tch khong khong vanh xuyn trong ging. Do ap
sut ca kh trong khong khong nay tng dn theo thi gian s xy ra s
dn dau va s c kh vao ng khai thac. S c kh kem vi s giam ap suat
t ngt, lam cho ging lam vic khong n nh, pha hu vung cn ay
khong bn vng, lam tng kh nng tach kh t du, lam ngui dong du kh
to nguy c cho s lng ng parafin mnh hn.
hIan Iuong xung ap
Bin phap khc phc
Th ng khai thac sau hn
Thu hi kh theo chu k t khong khong hnh xuyn
Ngan cach khong khong hnh xuyn ay ng khai thac to iu
kin cho kh t do i vao ng khai thac.
t phu u ng khai thac cho phep s dng nng lng dan n
ca kh t do e nang hn hp du- kh -nc len.
Lp mt van hnh cu cach ng khai thac t 30 40 (m), cho
phep kh qua van vao ng khai thac nang hn hp du kh - nc
i len.
6ar su ro ba maI
ng knh con b gim: lam ap sut tren ng ng thu gom tng nhng
lu lng khai thac gim. Nguyen nhan co the la do tit din con gim, hoc
do ng ng thu gom, cac bnh tach b bn, lang ong parafin. Trng hp
nay dung ong d phong hoc ong ging tin hanh bm ra, hoc x ly
parafin bng phng phap gia nhit.
ng knh con tng: lam ap sut gim, lu lng tng do ng knh con
b mai mon, thay con khai thac vi lu lng phu hp
Ch ni mt bch thit b u ging b ro r: phi tin hanh ong ging va
thay nhng thit b o.
Ro r u mt bch cm phan dong: ong ng lam vic chnh, x ht ap
sut va tin hanh sa cha.
Tel : 84-8-8654086
THIT B LNG GING
NI DUNG
- Mc ch
- Yu cu cng ngh - k thut
- Phn loi
MC CH
- iu khin dng chy, a cht lu ln b mt
- Tin hnh sa cha, nghin cu ging, iu khin dng trong
sut qu trnh ging khai thc m khng cn phi ng ging,
dp ging hay nng th ct ng khai thc
YU CU CNG NGH - K THUT
- Cch ly thn ging tt
- C kh nng iu khin cc thng s lm vic ca ging theo
ch t ng v bn t ng
- Tin hnh kho st ging bng thit b chuyn dng
- Tin hnh sa cha ging m khng cn dp ging
- Tin hnh kho st ging m khng nh hng n qu trnh
khai thc
PHN LOI
- TBLG trong phng php khai thc t phun
- TBLG trong phng php khai thc c hc:
1) Truyn ng c kh (cn truyn lc)
2) Truyn ng bng thy lc
3) Truyn ng bng in nng
4) Truyn ng bng kh nn...
TBLG trong phng php khai thc t phun
l. lho nh hng
2. 1ht b nh v
3. ng c o
4. Vun ct
5. 1ht b chn cch y tlACKLk)
6. 1ht b b tr gn n nht
7. Vun ton hon
8. Vun dp gng
9. 1 hong tMANDkLL)
l0. Vun un ton
FhEu Bhh hu0h0
lhoo dnh hoong dooc up dut nguy
tu duy cot ong khu thuc
Nhom vo: hoong cuc thot b to
choyon dong d qou duy cot ong khu
thuc kh khuo sut huy sou chou gong
mot cuch do dung, khong b voong.
ThET B Bhh v
1hot b dnh v co nhom vo dnh
v, cuch y vu khou go cuc thot b
choyon dong doo khon dong chuy
toy thoo cuc yoo cuo ky thout
0h0 BuC L0
Cho phop dong sun phum chuy on
toc vuo ong khu thuc trong kh ton
hunh cuc qoy trnh cong ngho nho
khuo sut gong bung ky thout to
Dooc thot ko to oo nhum gum thoo
ton huo nung oong cou dong sun
phum chuy qou cuc o vuo ong khu
thuc
vAh CAT
Lu not chon tum tho, co choc nung tuo vong kn tum tho do
tung up sout trong ong khu thuc nhum moc dch mo puckor
vu thot b bo tro, dou chong vuo trung thu um voc
Huo hot cuc vun cut dooc no troc top nguy doo puckor
FACKER
luckor u thot b choyon dong dong do
cuch y vong khong gun gou cot ong
khu thuc vu cot ong chong khu thuc huy
gou cuc duy cot ong khu thuc vo nhuo,
sou chou gong huy xo y vong cun duy
gong bung cuc phoong phup khuc nhuo
ThET B Bu TRu 0Ah h0 hhET
1hot b bo tro gun no nhot co choc nung cun bung so thuy
do do du cou cot ong khu thuc doo tuc dong cou up sout
vu nhot do mo troong trong soot qou trnh khu thuc
vAh TuAh h0Ah
Vun toun houn dong do tuo mo on ho tum
tho gou vong khong gun vunh xoyon vu bon
trong cot ong khu thuc mu khong cun phu
thuo thot b duo gong huy koo cot ong khu
thuc cong vo puckor nhum moc dch thuy
tho cuc chut ong nung bung cuc hon hop
nho hon kh go dong huy dup gong
vAh 0AF 0Eh0
Vun dup gong co choc nung tuo mo
on ho toun houn gou vong trong ong
khu thuc vu vong khong gun vunh
xoyon kh cun phu bom op khun cup
vuo gong chut ong nung do dup gong
kh co so co ky thout huy nhum moc
dch khong cho so phon truo
vAh Ah T0Ah SAu
Vun un toun suo co nhom vo ngun dong
sun phum khu thuc on bo mut kh co so
co tup sout duy gong tung dot ngot, so co
tron bo mut, tho tot khong thoun o)
MAh0REL
Mundro u mot trong nhong thunh phun chnh cou thot b
ong gong bon cunh vun gust
No dong do dnh v, up dut cuc ou vun gust, vun doo
khon, vun toun houn, vun bom op hou chut, vun tot oo huy
vun dup gong mu khong um unh hoong don tot don cou
cot ong khu thuc, dong tho cho phop cuc thot b ky thout
to vu cuc ou thot b choyon dong khuc co tho choyon
dong qou u do dung
MAh0REL
vAh 0ASLFT
Vun gust dooc dut vuo trong Mundro o do suo thot ko
nhum dou kh vuo dong sun phum khu thuc do kh hou cot
chut ong phu tron vun
Vun gust dooc phun ou pho thooc vuo cho do khu thuc,
choc nung so dong, ngoyon y hout dong, cuo troc huy
ngoyon y up dut
vAh 0ASLFT
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CC H THNG THIT B
KHAI THC DU
Ni dung
Q Tng quan v pht trin m thm lc a Vit Nam
Q H thng thit b pht trin m
TNG QUAN V PHT TRIN M
+ Khi nim v pht trin m
+ Pht trin m Vit Nam
Khi nim v pht trin m
+ Cn da vo nhng yu t chnh nh tr lng, kch
thc v tnh cht ca m, iu kin m ( su m, v
tr m, c s h tng), cng ngh v k thut khai
thc du kh hin ti, gi du.
+ Mt m cn bin thng thng c hiu theo khi
nim kinh t hn l v mt k thut.
+ Mt m c xem l cn bin nu n khng th pht
trin bng cng ngh hin ti vi mc li nhun hp l
Tnh hnh pht trin m Vit Nam
Nhng thun li:
a hnh Vit Nam khng qu phc tp
C s h tng c sn
M hnh khai thc n gin
Vn u t ban u thp
Thi gian khai thc ngn
Nh nc ang c nhng chnh sch khuyn khch u t vo
cc d n pht trin m cn bin
Gi du th tng vt v gi mc cao nn kch thch cc nh
u t nc ngoi tham gia vo d n ny
Trnh khoa hc cng ngh th gii pht trin nhanh, sc
gii quyt nhng kh khn trong qu trnh pht trin m cn bin
Tnh hnh pht trin m Vit Nam (tt)
Nhng kh khn:
Vn ti chnh lun l thch thc ln nht i vi vic u t
pht trin cc d n du kh, c bit l m cn bin
Kh nng thu ht cc nh thu tham gia u t vo d n thp
Mc ri ro cao trong hot ng du kh
Thiu ngun nhn lc c trnh vn hnh cc cng ngh
mi
H THNG THIT B PHT TRIN M
1. H thng khai thc
2. ng bao
3. Trang thit b ngm di bin
4. H thng ct cha
5. H thng xut du ngoi khi
6. Cc trang thit b x l
Cc gin khai thc
Gin c nh
Gin t nng
Gin bn tim thy
Tu ch du
Thp c khp ni
Gin c cng bng dy (TLP)
Gin t nng
Cu trc gm mt sn, phn
thn ging x lan vi cc chn
dng thanh chng hoc cc
ng lng vo nhau c th di
chuyn c.
u & nhc im ca gin t nng
Nhng u im
C kh nng di ng cao, n nh khi nng
Chi ph lp t thp
vng nc nng khng cn neo c nh
Cc ging vi cc ng bao loi thng thng
Nhng nhc im
Vic lp t gin ph thuc vo thi tit
B hn ch bi chiu su hot ng v trng lng ca phn ni
Gii hn trong nhng khu vc m y bin tng i n nh
Gii hn v bn ca kim loi lm gim tui th gin
Khng c kh nng tch cha cc sn phm khai thc
Gin bn tim thy
- Gin bn tim thy c
dng vng nc su
- Nhiu cu hnh khc
nhau nhng lun c mt
boong ln chim ch di
nc v cc chn ni
n vi sn ni mt phn
trn mt bin
- c neo bng dy n
y bin nn c th chu
c sng ln trong iu
kin khc nghit
u & nhc im ca gin bn tim thy
Nhng u im
Dng c vng nc trung bnh n su
C kh nng nh v ng nn t b dch chuyn di tc ng
ca thi tit
Chi ph tho d thp
D dng lp t cc ng bao thng thng, cng hoc mm
Cho php khoan v sa cha ging khoan ng thi
Nhng nhc im
Gii hn trng ti bi cc phao ni v mc n nh
Kh nng tch tr c gii hn,
su hot ng t 70m n 1000m
S ging khng qu 40
Tu ch du
- Chuyn i mt tu ch du c thnh mt gin khai thc
vi chi ph thp v c kh nng cha du, y l u im
chnh
- Trong iu kin thi tit phc tp, vic xut du sang cc
tu ch du gp kh khn th vic trang b thm mt bn
cha m vic khai thc khng b gin on mang
ngha quan trng
u & nhc im ca tu ch du
Nhng u im
Kh nng tch cha ln
C din tch lp t cc trang thit b x l
Gi mua r trn th trng
C kh nng chuyn i cao
D chuyn du t tu khai thc sang tu ch du
Duy tr kh nng khai thc trong iu kin bo
Nhc im
Khng c kh nng sa cha ging
Nhng tu ch du c neo phi khc phc vic dch chuyn
ln, do h thng neo phi kt hp cht ch vi cnh qut
H thng neo phi kt hp vi h thng ng bao
Hat ng su t 50-100m
Thp c khp ni
+ Thp c khp ni l mt cu trc c ni vi chn
(kiu kt mng trng lc gravity platform hoc bng ct)
y bin bng mt khp ni, thng thng l loi khp
ccng
+ V lin kt bng khp ni, ct s di chuyn theo sng v
mi hng
+ K t y bin, nhng thnh phn ca ct nh sau: tm
, khp ni, ct ni, bn ni v nh ct
u & nhc im ca thp c khp ni
Nhng u im
Cc ct l thp kt cu nh nn gi thnh s khng cao khi so vi cc
cu trc n nh
Khng nh hng nhiu bi su
Cc ging c th c khoan trc
H thng neo s dng cc b phn c kim chng nh khp
ccng
Tha mn s chuyn ng hng ng
C kh nng tch tr trong cu trc nn
Nhng hn ch
Trng ti nh, mt ct c ni bng khp ni kh c th s dng
n l nh mt gin khai thc
Khng c kh nng sa cha ging
Khng c kh nng khai thc bng gaslift hoc bm p nc
Gin TLP
- Gin c c cng bng
dy l mt cu trc thp na
chm na ni lin kt vi bin
bng nhng ng ng thp
neo hnh tr.
- Tnh ni t nhin ca gin to
nn mt lc hng ln gi cho
cc chn c cng c nh.
- Tnh n nh c duy tr theo
chiu thng ng v cho php
di chuyn nh theo phng
ngang
u & nhc im ca gin TLP
Nhng u im
Chuyn ng rt nh theo phng ngang v khng chuyn ng
theo phng thng ng
Cu trc cc dy cho php gim h s chi ph theo chiu di so vi
cc gin thng thng, ngha l h thng ny s r hn mt h
thng thng thng vng nc su
Hu ht cc trang thit b c lp rp theo mun, c th c lp
rp gn b trc khi ko n v tr khai thc
Trng ti ln nhng iu chnh trng lng l yu t quyt nh then
cht
Cu trc ny c th c xy dng trong mt xng ng tu
C th cho php sa cha ging khoan
Hn ch
B gii hn vi su trn 150m
Khng th chuyn i t mt gin bn tim thy sang TLP
NG BAO
Q Tiu chun thit k ng bao
Q ng bao mm
Tiu chun thit k ng bao
Tiu chun thit k ng bao c da trn cc c im ca vng
m v cc yu t khc trong h thng khai thc, c th nh sau:
Th tch v s lng cc bung khai thc
Mc a dng ca h thng ngm di bin
Nhng yu cu v khai thc th cp (nh bm p nc, gaslift)
Kh nng khoan v sa cha ging ca gin khai thc
Kh nng chu ng bo xu nht trong vng 100 nm
Cc yu cu v xut v bn du
Kh nng m rng cho vic lp t cc thit b mi
Cc yu cu v lp t, bo tr v sa cha
ng bao mm
Nhng u im chnh ca ng bao mm so vi ng bao
cng:
Chi ph u t thp
Khng cn phi thu hi ng bao trong nhng iu
kin thi tit kh khn, ngha l gim thi gian gin
on v khai thc tt hn
Lp t d dng v nhanh chng
D dng m rng theo lu lng ca h thng
nh hng nh n thit k gin ni
Kh nng chu n mn tt
Chi ph bo dng thp
Cu trc ca ng bao
Mt ng dng ca ng bao
3- Trang thit b ngm di bin
Template
Cc ging
Cm phn dng
H thng iu khin
Subsea Template
Mt subsea template n gin l mt cu trc thp hnh tr
ln c thit k cho mt s cc u ging lp vo cc cy
thng cho cc ging, c th l ging khai thc hoc ging
bm p. Mc ch ca template l cung cp mt tm m
qua cc ging c khoan; n cng t v sp cho thng
hng cc trang thit b u ging
Cc template c th xy dng theo khi hoc tng module.
Mt template khi thng thng c s dng khi cn
khoan t 6 ging tr ln; template c hn t cc b phn
hnh tr ln v kt hp cht ch ch cha cho mi ging v
mt h thng cn bng 3 hoc 4 im. Vic dn hng cho
cc thit b khoan thng c thc hin thng qua vic s
dng nhng ct dn hng hoc nhng cu trc dn hng
c kh nng thu hi
Cc u ging ngm
Mt yu t quan trng c xem xt n trong vic pht trin m
cn bin l chi ph thit b dng cho hot ng khai thc khi tr
lng cc m ny l khng ln. Do cc u ging c t
ngm di y bin c u tin chn la cho cc gin khai thc
ni hoc ni kt vi cc gin c nh sn c t trc gn . Cc
ging c t ngm di y bin c th l cm ging hoc
ging v tinh. i vi cc ging c gom thnh cm thng
thng c khoan qua mt khung nh v (template) t di
y bin, trong khi cc ging v tinh c khoan ring l v c
ni ti cc cm phn dng c th nm cch 8-12 km.
Mt cch phn loi khc l gia ging ngm di bin t hoc
kh. Cc ging t l nhng ging c cy thng khai thc v cc
thit b lin quan c h trong mi trng bin, ngc li cc
ging kh - nm trong mi trng p sut kh quyn
Cm phn dng ngm di bin
- Cm phn dng ngm di bin l ch giao
nhau gia trang thit b khai thc ngm di
bin v h thng ng bao khai thc.
- Cm phn dng hot ng nh mt im
ngm di bin m ti cc ng ng
khai thc/bm p v ng ng vn chuyn /
xut du c gom li.
- Cm phn dng hay ng bao c th l
mt b phn ca template. Cm phn dng l
mt cu trc thp hnh tr c c nh bng
cch ng vo y ging; n c thit k
cho cc ng dng c th v kh c th thch
hp cho nhng cu hnh pht trin khc
H thng kim sot ngm di bin
H thng iu khin thy lc: c th iu khin trc tip, gin tip
hoc theo trnh t. H thng ny c u im l n gin, ng tin cy
v chi ph thp cho cc thit b lin quan. Nhng nhc im ln l kh
nng truyn tn hiu tng i chm khi khong cch t gin khai thc
n cc u ging ngm cng xa, n ph thuc vo khong cch m
dung dch thy lc di chuyn. Thi gian p ng chm l kh chp
nhn c cho nhng hot ng khn cp.
H thng in c u im l thi gian p ng nhanh, thch hp cho
cc hot ng khn cp, nhng khng ng tin cy trong thc t do
hay gp phi nhng h hng trong h thng iu khin.
H thng a thnh phn in thy lc: khc phc c nhc
im ca cc h thng trn. H thng ny c thit k kim sat
v gim st cc cy thng khai thc, cng nh hu ht cc cm van
c t trn template.
H thng ct cha
+ C s la chn
+ H thng ct cha ni
+ H thng ct cha bng thp c khp ni
+ H thng ct cha SPAR
C s la chn
la chn mt h thng lu tr m thch hp cn ch mt s
vn sau:
Thi gian xy ra bo v khong thi gian gia cc cn bo
Lu lng du khai thc v vn chuyn
Khong cch t m n cng bc hng
Tc ca cc tu ch du con thoi
S lng v kh nng cha ca cc tu ch du con thoi
Hiu qu ca trang thit b cng bc hng
Thi gian bo dng h thng bm du (cc u ni mm,
dy cp,)
Cc nhn t mi trng c lin quan n vic chn loi cu trc
ct cha nhng nhng nhn t lit k trn chi phi lng cha cn
thit
H thng ct cha ni (Floating Storage Unit FSU
H thng ct cha FSU l phng php ph bin
nht cung cp ni cha m cho vng m
FSU l nhng tu ch du c chuyn i hoc
ch to theo n t hng ring
H thng ni sn xut - tch tr - rt du
(Floating Production Storage and Offloading) c
nhiu c trng ca FSU nhng c thm cc thit
b x l trn boong
H thng ct cha bng thp c khp ni
Cc thp c khp ni c xem nh mt gin khai thc
v l mt h thng ct cha.
Kh nng cha ca h thng l kt qu ph ca vic
thit k dng ct. Ct khp ni c th c mt cu trc
hnh tr rt ln chm di nc, va c tnh ni va c
chc nng n nh. Cu trc ny l mt khoang rng, c
th b tr thnh mt dy cc ngn cha c s dng
lm vng cha m nu tu ch du b gin on
H thng ct cha SPAR
SPAR l mt loi neo ni n c Sell pht trin, kt hp cht ch kh
nng cha du, do ngay c khi iu kin thi tit tm thi ngn cn
vic bm du ln tu ch du, vic khai thc cng khng b tm ngng.
tng SPAR c da trn mt cu trc ni ln, vi mt b phn rt
ln chm di nc, bm du ngoi khi.
Nhng u im ca SPAR l:
Cu trc n nh
Hot ng tt trong nhng iu kin thi tit v mi trng khc
nghit
C kh nng tch cha ln (300000 thng du trong 6 bn cha
ring)
C kh nng hat ng vng nc su
Nhng nhc im:
C s dch chuyn theo phng ngang
Khng c kh nng khoan/sa cha ging
H thng xut du
+ Nhng h thng neo n b mt
+ Nhng h thng chm
+ H thng tch tr v khai thc b mt
Nhng h thng neo n b mt
c im chung:
H thng neo n b mt c cc b phn bn trn ni trn b
mt v ch c mt im dng rt du c th xoay quanh lm
cho tu cha c th thay i hng do nhng tc ng ca thi
tit
Cc thit b lin quan nh ng mm ti lu, dy cp neo c
ni ti phn mi ca tu rt du
H thng neo dn n b mt bao gm 2 loi c bn:
Gin c khp ni (Articulated Loading Platform ALP): ALP bao
gm mt thp bng thp, c cu trc trng lc bn trn y bin.
u khp xoay c th chu c ti trng 350 tn, cho php n
xoay quanh bn l theo trc x y.
Phao neo n (Subsea Bouy Mooring SBM): c trng cho h
thng xut du bng phao neo n, gm phao trn b mt ni
vi nhng si xch (6 hoc 12) gn cht y bin
Nhng h thng chm
c im chung:
c im chnh ca h thng chm l khng c dy cp
Thit b cha gi nguyn di su cho ti khi c ko ln bi tu ch
du.
Khi s dng nhng h thng ny th phi c nhng s thay i th yu t
phm vi mi tu chp nhn dy xch neo v ng mm dn lu
S dng tu ch du c h thng nh v ng lc c nhiu u im hn
nhng h thng ny
5 loi h thng chm c bn sau:
+ H thng cha ti ngoi khi (Offshore Loading System OLS): c
mt khung bng thp t trn y bin. Khong h bn trn mc ca phao
nng phi su cho php nhng tu thuyn c ln c th chy qua.
Thng c mt khp khuyn c lp t trn phao hnh trn, cho php
chuyn ng khng b cn tr i vi tc ng ca tu thuyn v thi tit.
ng mm dn lu c ni vi phn mi ca tu. Khng c dy cp v
tu cha c nh v bi h thng nh v ng (Dynamic Positioning
DP)
Nhng h thng chm (tt)
+ H thng cha ti chm (Submerged Turret Loading
STL)
y l s ci tin ca h thng OLS. Phao chm l im
cao nht ca h thng c thit k gn kht vo
khoang STL ring bit trong thn ca tu cha, thng
thng c t vo phn na trc ca boong tu
Khoang STL t vo khp khuyn xoay p lc cao. STL
c s dng nh b phn trung gian ca s nh v v
vn chuyn du ti FPSO v FSU. Nhng tu cha thch
hp vi h thng ny c th nh v ng hay bng chn
vt thng thng nhng thit k phi c khoang STL.
Mt ct ca phao STL
Lin kt tu du vi STL
Nhng h thng chm (tt)
+ H thng neo bng xch ba chn (Tripod Catenary Mooring System
TCMS): h thng ny c pht trin u tin dng kho st ging.
Hin nay c ci tin v dng khai thc sm khi pht trin m cn bin
v c xem xt nh mt gii php nhiu tim nng. H thng neo gm c
b phn m neo ba chn. Tu cha ch i hi c nhng sa i ti thiu
v hnh dng hng nghing ca ng dn lu v c gn kht vo phn
mi ca tu cha. H thng neo ny c th s dng cho tu ch du con
thoi hay cho tu cha xut du th (tu cha c b phn tho sau Stern
Discharge System SDS)
+ H thng khai thc neo n (Single Anchor Production SAP) v h
thng cha ti neo n (Single Ancho Loading SAL): hai h thng
ny thch hp i vi s m rng nhng ging kho st, nhng giai on
pht trin sm v cng dng h tr chu ti ngoi khi. Nguyn l b
neo da trn sc ht ca m neo cng kt hp vi khp khuyn nhiu l
p lc cao v khp khuyn dy neo. Khp khuyn dy neo chu hu ht
nhng lc t nhng dy neo v dy c ni ti tu cha thng qua phao
ni.
H thng SAL
H thng SAP
H thng tch tr v khai thc b mt
+ Bao gm hai h thng chnh FPSO v FSU, l ch
cha m bo m cho vic khai thc lin tc trong
nhng iu kin thi tit phc tp v xut du.
+ Cc h thng ny s c xem xt chi tit phn Cc
loi tu ng dng trong khoan v khai thc du kh
Trang thit b x l
+ H thng thu gom
+ H thng tch
+ H thng x l v bn kh
H thng thu gom
+ Sn phm khai thc t nhiu ging c dn chung n cc thit b
x l bng ng ng khai thc chnh
+ Mi ng ng khai thc chnh sau c vn chuyn ton b hay
mt phn sn phm n mt trong nhng seperation trains, l nhng
b phn u tin ca h thng tch.
+ Mi ging khai thc c kim tra nh k (dn dng chy vo mt h
thng kim tra), do mi ging cng c ni vi mt ng ng
kim tra.
+ Nu m gm nhng ging c dng chy p sut khc nhau, mt
vi ging c th khng p sut chy vo cp u tin ca h
thng tch. Trong trng hp ny mt ng ng dn c p sut
thp c cung cp cho nhng ging , bo qua bnh tch u tin
hay bnh tch p sut cao v chy trc tip vo bnh tch hot ng
p sut thp hn.
H thng thu gom (tt)
Cum phn dng c th c t ngm di bin hay t trn
gin khai thc
Vic phn dng y bin c u im l c cu hnh ng
bao n gin v lin quan n vic lp n gin mt khp
khuyn p sut cao
Vic phn dng trn b mt c u im l d dng tip cn
tt c cc van v ng ng hot ng v loi b c chi
ph ng k lin quan n th ln. Ti trng pha trn lin
quan n vic phn dng trn b mt l ng k cho h
thng khai thc bn tim thy
H thng tch
Mi ging c t l du-kh-nc khc nhau. Mt trong nhng
chc nng chnh ca h thng khai thc l tch cc cht lu t
ging thnh nhng pha ring. Vic tch ch yu da vo t trng
ca du-kh-nc
My tch phi c thit k lm gim ti thiu tc ng ca s
lc l, va p v nhi sng trong hot ng nh lp t cc mng
ngn, tm chn dng cong mt tip xc du/nc cc bnh
tch
H thng tch (tt)
Trong iu kin thi tit n ha, cc chuyn ng lc l c
khuynh hng gim ng k. Do , cc dch chuyn lc l l
vn c th khc phc c cho cc bnh tch ni
Cc nghin cu nh hng ca nhng dch chuyn ca cc tu
trong hot ng ca cc thp chng ct cng c tin hnh
cho thy, trong khi gc nghing c tc ng bt li ln hiu qu
ca cc bnh, th nhng chuyn ng ngu nhin do bin s ch
c tc ng khng ng k nu c nhng iu chnh thch hp
cho cc khay bn trong
H thng x l v bn kh
Cc kh ng hnh thng thng c t trn cc gin khai
thc. Tuy nhin, nhng kh ny c th c s dng:
Kh nhin liu cho my pht in
Bm p duy tr p sut va
Bn chng nu c ng ng dn vo t lin
H thng kim sot v qun l ton b kh khai thc cn
c lp t
Cc tay uc thng thng c s dng trn gin c nh
cng nh cc gin bn tim thy.
Tu ct cha v rt du
+ Thit b cha ni
+ H thng ni khai thc tch cha rt
du (FPSO)
Thit b cha ni
FSU l mt trong nhng cch bo v cc thit b
di y bin, nh h thng STL nm trong khoang
STL thn ca FSU
Du th c bm bng ng ng ngm ti thit b
FSU khong cch t 1,5 n 2 km
Thit b FSU bm du th trc tip vo trong nhng
thng cha (Cargo Tanks) v khi gn hon thnh, tu
ch du ti tin hnh rt du ni tip s dng h
thng tho sau (SDS)
FSU khng c thit b x l trn boong, ch tch tr
H thng FPSO
H thng ny c lp t mi hoc chuyn i t cc tu cha.
neo FPSO vi y bin ngi ta dng neo chm, vic xut du th
c thc hin bi c cu tho sau ti tu ch du.
Cu trc ca FPSO bao gm:
Khu vc x l trn boong gm cc bnh tch, thit b nn kh,
uc t kh ng hnh, h thng thot kh v c cu bm p
ha cht
Khu vc nh v cc phng iu hnh
Khu vc d ti ui tu gm cc ng rt du ni t khu vc
d ti sang tu ch du
Cc bn cha
H thng chn vt trc v sau tu
Dy neo neo tu xung y bin
Cc ng bao mm khai thc
H thng FPSO
H thng FPSO lin kt vi neo STL
Cc loi tu ch du con thoi
+ Cc tu ch du con thoi c s dng vn chuyn du t ni
khai thc n cc v tr thu mua v ch bin.
+ Tu ch du phi c neo li an ton trong thi gian ch rt du
+ Tu ch du c th c neo v rt du trc tip hoc thng qua
h thng SDS vi FPSO. y l giai on rt quan trng trong ton
b hat ng ca tu ch du con thoi nn cn phi tm hiu s
vn hnh ca tu ch du khi lin kt vi cc thit b xut du khc
nhau:
Lin kt vi cc h thng ni neo n b mt
Lin kt vi cc h thng chm
Lin kt vi h thng tch tr khai thc b mt
Lin kt vi cc h thng ni neo n b mt
Thng thng tu ch du tip cn h thng ni neo n b mt
(ALP,SBM) theo hng gi hoc theo hng dng nc; ng
tip cn ca tu theo hng gn nh thun nghch vi gc ca tay
cu dn lu (loading boom); thng xui dng tn hiu; ng mm
xut du c neo b mt
Hng tip cn ca tu du b hn ch nu gp cc vt cn k cn
(gin khai thc, gin khoan di ng hoc ng ng dn). Mt vi
gc tip cn l khng th thc hin c, tr khi u ca tay cu
dn lu c th xoay bi nhng lc c tc dng t bn ngoi, vic
ny phi c s gip ca cc tu h tr (support vessel)
B phn neo ca tu v h thng nh v bng cp hoc bng nh v
ng lc. Khi th neo, ng mm dn lu c ko bng ti ln
boong tu ch du v c gn vi cm ng phn dng dn lu
Lin kt vi cc h thng chm
Cc h thng chm bao gm 5 h thng:
H thng OLS: lin kt vi tu ch du con thoi, tu nh v bng
DP
H thng STL: lm trung gian nh v, vn chuyn du ti
FPSO v FSU. Tu ch du khng lin kt trc tip vi h thng
ny m qua h thng SDS ca FPSO v FSU
H thng TCMS: s dng lin kt trc tip tu ch du con
thoi hay lin kt vi tu cha
H thng SAP v SAL.
Lin kt vi h thng khai thc v tch tr b mt
Bao gm hai h thng FSU v FPSO (tm gi chung
l tu cha). Tu ch du tip cn theo hng song
song vi h thng tu cha. Tu cha nm ng
trc tu ch du thng lc ca mi trng. S
b neo v mc ni thit b c thc hin c s gip
ca tu h tr. Cn phi s dng tu ch du
nh v bng ng lc, nhm ngn nga kh nng tri
dt do sng v dng hi lu. Tu ch du lin kt
rt du vi tu cha thng qua h thng SDS.
H thng SDS
H thng SDS cung cp phng tin rt du qua tu ch du con
thoi hay tu ch du thng mi, ph hp vi h thng cha ti ni
(Blow loading system BLS) thng qua ng d ti (discharge hose)
khi cc tu ch du c neo vi tu cha
SDS bao gm mt h thng neo v mt h thng vn chuyn c b
tr phn ui ca tu cha du. c khng gian cho h thng
SDS v h thng neo th tu ch du cn c thm mt boong gin
c b tr pha trn boong chnh khi cn thit. n gin v hiu
qu trong vic sa cha, bo tr trong qu trnh hot ng bnh
thng ca SDS th cc thit b ng phi c b tr ngay pha
ngoi ca tu
S phn loi SDS theo phng thc b tr ct gi cc ng d ti. C
ba loi: SDS gung (Reel storage), SDS ngang (Horizontal storage
chute), SDS ng ni t do (free floating hose)
H thng SDS trn tu
Cc dng SDS
SDS (rell, chute v free
floating)
Qu trnh rt du
SDS l mt h thng b ng khi rt du t tu cha
sang mt tu khc, tu ch du hon ton ch ng
trong vic lin kt/ngt lin kt v rt du. trong sut
qu trnh rt du th tu ch c neo vi tu cha
Trong qu trnh rt du th ng d ti c treo t do
vo lin kt cu (ball joint) gung ng d ti
(discharge hosereel) v th ng d ti c th chuyn
ng t do theo c phng ngang v dc nn trnh
c moment un cho ng d ti. pha tu ch
cng vy, ng d ti c treo t do nn trnh c
cc s mi mn do va chm
Qu trnh rt du (tt)
Qu trnh bnh thng khi kt ni vi tu ch du con thoi:
Tu ch du tip cn tu cha khong cch khong 50 m.
Mt ng dy c st bt u c chuyn t tu cha qua tu ch
du
ng dy u bc st v ng dy thng tin kt ni SDS. Sau
ng dy thng tin c chuyn n tu ch du v kt ni vi thit
b ti ca tu ch du
Thit b ti iu khin dy cp (Hawser Handling Winch) ca SDS nh
dy cho n chui xch, trong khi tu ch du ko bng ti ko. Phn
ui ca ng dn c ni vo chui xch bng mt dy lng.
Thit b ti iu khin dy cp v gung ng (Hosereel) s nh dy cp
v ng khong 40 m xung nc trc khi tu cha bt u ko dy
cp v ng ln. Ti ko ca tu ch (Traction Winch) tip tc ko dy
v ng v pha minh trong khi thit b ti iu khin dy cp v gung
ng ca SDS iu khin s di chuyn ca dy v ng.
Khi ton b dy cp c ko th dy xch c kha vo tu ch du,
tu ch du c neo an ton vo thit b SDS.
Lc ny ng d ti cng c gn kt vo ng v tr trn tu ch du.
Qu trnh kt ni hon tt.
Qu trnh rt du (tt)
Qu trnh tho kt ni ca tu ch du vi SDS
Dy cp v ng c tho khi tu ch v c h
thp xung
Tu cha s dng thit b ti iu khin dy cp v
gung ng ko dy v ng v
ng d ti s c lm kh v lm sch bng kh tr
Tel : 84-8-8654086
TONG QUAN CAC PHNG
PHAP KHAI THAC C HOC VA
LA CHON TOI U
CAC PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC C HOC
1. Gas lift
2. Bm li tam ien chm (Electric Submersible Pumping)
3. Bm phun tia (Hydraulic Jet Pump)
4. Bm can hut (Rod Pump)
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC BANG GASLIFT
nh ngha:
Phng phap bm kh
cao ap (kh ong hanh,
kh mo) vao gieng hoa
tron vi chat long trong
gieng e giam ty trong
va a chung len be
mat co ten chung la
phng phap GASLIFT
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC LIEN TUC
Nguyen l hoat ong
Kh nen c a vao gieng
mot cach lien tuc va dong
san pham khai thac cung
c a len be mat mot
cach lien tuc.
Kh nen co the c a vao
gieng theo khoang khong
vanh xuyen gia cot ong
chong khai thac va ong khai
thac (ong nang), con hon
hp san pham khai thac theo
ong khai thac len be mat
(hoac ngc lai).
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC GASLIFT NH K
Nguyen ly lamviec:
Da tren s van chuyen cac nut
chat long, thng la ket hp qua
trnh dch chuyen va kh hoa cac
nut chat long t ay gieng len
be mat bang kh nen cao ap
dien ra khong lien tuc ma theo
mot chu ky nhat nh.
Kh nen t khoang khong vanh
xuyen i vao ong nang, qua mot
hay nhieu van gaslift vi mot
lu lng u ln e duy tr van
toc i len cua cac nut chat long
va giam thieu lng chat long
ri xuong. Nguyen ly hoat ong
theo 3 giai oan chnh:
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC BANG BM LI TAM
IEN NGAM
Nguyen tac hoat ong
Nang lng bo sung di dang ien
nang c cung cap t be mat theo he
thong cap ien 3 pha lam quay ong c
ien gan phan di cua bm at trong
gieng.
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua to hp may
bm ien ngam da tren s bien oi
cac dang nang lng trong qua trnh
chat long qua nhanh mot truc. ong c
ien quay lam cho cac canh dan cua
may bm quay theo, lc ly tam xuat
hien va xay ra qua trnh chuyen hoa
nang lng co van toc ln sang dang
nang lng co ap suat cao. Nh vay ma
san pham t ay gieng i vao mieng
may may bm va ay len be mat en
he thong thu gom va x ly.
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC BANG BM LI TAM
IEN NGAM
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC BANG BM PHUN TIA
To hp may bm phun tia da tren s bien oi
cac dang nang lng: t ap suat cao ( the nang)
sang van toc cao ( ong nang) va ngc lai.
Dong chat long cong tac ( ap suat cao khoang
200 atm = 2940 psi ) c bm xuong t mieng
gieng theo cot ong khai thac i qua ranh dan en
au phun tia
He thong khai thac dau bang bm phun tia
PHNG PHAP KHAI THAC BANG BM PHUN TIA
Phng phap khai thac bang bm can hut
Nguyen ly hoat ong: theo hai pha
Pha i len : nang lng truyen len mat at thong qua he thong truyen
xung lc keo pittong i len, ap suat di pittong giamva luc nay do
ap suat cua cot chat long ngoai vanh xuyen ay vao nen van hut m,
s xuat hien chenh lech ap suat lam chat long khai thac t ngoai se
chay vao may bm. Trong khi o van ay se ong lai do ng suat cua
cot chat long nam tren pittong.
Pha i xuong: Nang lng luc nay la do nang lng cua chnh toan bo
he thong can truyen va chat long cha trong cot ong khai thac ay
pittong chuyen ong en iem cuoi cung cua xi lanh may bm. Luc
nay th van hut ong va van ay m.
u iem:
He thong hoat ong ang tin cay, van hanh n gian, t
gap s co
Cau tao tng oi n gian, de thao lap
Nhc iem:
Phai lap at trung tam gieng
Xuat hien lc ma sat trong gieng nghieng
Rat nhay vi dau co nhieu parafin
Lua chon huJnu ha khai thac cJ hoc toi uu
Cac yeu to can quan tam:
+ Yeu to ve kinh te (von au t ban au, chi ph khai thac, gia tr thu
hoi sau khi khai thac)
+ Yeu to ve k thuat
Kha nang kiem soat kh
Ch so khai thac
Ap suat ay gieng
The tch can khai thac
Ch ph duo to bun duo
hieu suat cua cac huJnu ha
Tinh linh hoat cua cac huJnu ha
Chieu sau khai thac
Kha nanu kiem soat
Kha nanu a dunu nuoai khJi
Tel : 84-8-8654086
PHNG PHP GASLIFT
TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP GASLIFT
L phng php khai thc c hc
p dng khi ging khng thc hin c qu trnh t
phun
Bn cht ca phng php:
Bm kh nn vo ng bm p lm cho cht
lng trong ng bm p di chuyn xung ng
nng.
Khi mc cht lng n ng nng, p sut
nn kh t gi tr cc i, kh nn tip tc i
vo ng nng ha trn vi cht lng lm cho t
trng dung dch gim dn n P gim P
tng cht lng i t va vo y ging v i
ln ming ging.
Tng quan
Vai net ve lch s cua phng phap khai thac bang gaslift:
Vao cuoi the ky 19, ngi ta nen khong kh vao khoang khong vanh xuyen hoac
trong can e nang lu chat t gieng va phng phap nay co ten goi la Airlift.
Tuy nhien khi s dung khong kh e bm ep a nay sinh nhieu van e nan giai
nh gia tang mc o an mon va de tao hon hp chay no.
Nam 1920 bat au dung kh ong hanh thu c t qua trnh khai thac dau (hoac
kh mo) e ep tr lai xuong gieng va a khac phuc c nhng han che khi
dung khong kh bm ep.
Phng phap bm kh cao ap (kh ong hanh, kh mo) vao gieng hoa tron vi
chat long trong gieng e giam ty trong va a chung len be mat co ten chung la
phng phap gaslift.
u nhc iemcua phng phap
u iem:
- Co the khai thac san pham co cha cat hay tap chat, nhiet o va cao, yeu to kh dau
ln, dau cha parafin
- Khai thac vi lu lng ln (50.000 thung/ng. che o gaslift lien tuc) va o sau ln
- t b anh hng cua cac chat an mon en s hoat ong cua cac thiet b so vi cac
phng phap khai thac c hoc khac
- o nghieng va o sau cua gieng t b anh hng en hieu qua khai thac
- De dang truyen ap xuong ay gieng nh cac van gaslift
- Co the tien hanh ong bo qua trnh khao sat nghien cu gieng, o a vat ly, lam sach
lang ong parafin
- Khong oi hoi them nguon nang lng bo sung (ien) trong qua trnh khai thac dau
- Co the chuyen oi linh hoat gia cac che o khai thac (t che o lien tuc sang nh
ky) khi ap suat va va lu lng khai thac giam
- Co the khai thac va ieu hanh nhieu gieng nh he thong gaslift trung tam
- Chi ph van hanh gieng thap
- Co the s dung ky thuat cap ti trong viec sa cha cac thiet b long gieng nen tiet
kiem c thi gian va chi ph sa cha (v khong can en thap khoan)
u nhc iemcua phng phap
Nhc iem:
- Chi ph au t ban au cho viec lap at cac thiet b gaslift ln hn so vi cac
phng phap khai thac c hoc khac, ac biet la cho nhng gieng sau
- Hien tng ap suat ngc (ap suat do cot thuy tac ong len ay gieng) nen
co the lam giam lu lng khai thac neu o sau gieng qua ln va ap suat va
giam manh
- Hieu suat cua phng phap thap, de b hien tng hydrat
- Ch ap dung c khi nguon kh cung cap u cho toan bo i mo
- Mc o nguy hiem cao v s dung kh nen cao ap, oi hoi o kn va o ben
cua ng ong cao
- Ong chong khai thac can phai chu c ap suat nen cao
C S LY THUYET CUA PHNG PHAP GASLIFT
Nguyen ly lamviec
-Yeu cau: khi gieng dau khong the t phun theo lu lng yeu cau
-Nguyen tac: bm nen kh cao ap vao vung khong gian vanh xuyen (hay
ngc lai) nham a kh cao ap vao trong ong khai thac qua van gaslift vi muc
ch lam giam mat o cot chat long tren van (tang yeu to kh, giam ap suat
ay).
- Ap suat ay giam dan nh lng kh nen t be mat kt hp vi kh ong hanh
cung kh hoa cot chat long. Qua trnh nay xay ra en luc nng lng dng chy
ay ging u ln e thang ton hao ap sut doc theo cot ong khai thac va ay
toan bo cot chat long a kh hoa len be mat, van chuyen en he thong thu gom
va x ly.
PHAN LOAI THEO AC TNH NANG
1 Phan loai theo che o nen kh cao
ap vao gieng (phan loai theo ac tnh
nang)
Da vao che o nen kh cao ap vao
gieng la lien tuc hay nh ky (chu ky),
co the chia phng phap khai thac dau
bang gaslift thanh che o khai thac
gaslift lien tuc va che o khai thac
gaslift nh ky
PHAN LOAI THEO CAU TRUC LONG GIENG
Phan loai theo cau truc long gieng
A. Gieng gaslift khai thac theo che o vanh xuyen (vanh khuyen)
Trong he thong khai thac vanh xuyen, kh nen i theo khoang khong
vanh xuyen gia ong ep kh (ong ngoai) con san pham khai thac i
theo ong nang (ong trong) len be mat
He thong khai thac vanh xuyen pho bien hn do co the s dung
phng phap c hoc e nao vet parafin tch tu tren ong nang va khong
mai mon cac au noi ong chong. Nhc iem chnh cua he thong nay
la ap suat khi ong gieng ln, do vay can s dung cac van gaslift
khi ong.
He thong khai thac vanh xuyen co cau truc mot day ong va hai day
ong.
B. Gieng khai thac theo che o trung tam
Nguyen ly lam viec:
- Kh nen c bm ep vao cot ong khai thac (cot ong trung tam), con dong
hon hp san pham khai thac theo khoang khong vanh xuyen i len be mat
en he thong thu gom va x ly.
- Ong trung tam c goi la ong ep kh, con ong ngoai la ong nang.
- He thong khai thac trung tam co cau truc mot day ong va hai day ong.
PHAN LOAI THEO CAU TRUC LONG GIENG
Hiu qu ca phng php gaslift
Hiu qu ca phng php gaslift ph thuc vo:
+ su dn kh (chiu su nhng chm ca ng nng)
+ Lu lng kh (Q
k
)
+ p sut trn nhnh x
+ H s sn phm ( cho du ca va)
+ Lng kh tch ra khi du (G
hd
)
+ Tnh cht ca du ( , )
+ Cu trc ng khai thc
Phn loi
Tu theo phng php bm p kh nn v lu lng khai
thc m ngi ta chia ra 2 phng php khai thc gaslift:
Gaslift lin tc
Gaslift nh k
Phng php gaslift lin tc
L phng php a kh nn vo ging mt cc lin tc
v sn phm theo ng nng ln mt t cng lin tc
Phm vi ng dng: p dng vi cc ging sau y
C lu lng Q
kt
ln
Sn phm c ct hay b ngm nc
Sn phm c cao, dng chy c t
o
ln
C t sut kh cao ( sn lng ging c th b )
u im:
Nng lng kh nn v kh ng hnh ming
ging c tn dng a sn phm n h
thng thu gom x l
Lu lng khai thc tng i n nh (hn ch
c nhiu phc tp trong h thng gaslift)
iu chnh lu lng kh nn thun li bng cn
iu khin
Nhc im:
Khng hiu qu i vi ging c mc nc ng
thp ( mc d Q ging ln)
Khng p dng c vi nhng ging c p sut
va thp
Phng php gaslift nh k
L phng php a kh nn vo ging theo chu k v sn
phm khai thc theo ng nng ln mt t khng lin tc
m nh k.
Phm vi ng dng: p dng i vi cc ging sau:
C P
d
thp nhng h s sn phm cao
H s sn phm K thp
Mc cht lng thp, ging su
C Q
kt
nh
u im:
Gi thnh khai thc thp so vi cc phng php
khai thc c hc khc khi ging su v mc cht
lng thp.
Linh hot trn din rng c v Q v chiu su
ging
Nhc im:
Q
kt
b gii hn (kh t gi tr max)
Khng thch hp vi ging su, ng nng nh
p sut dao ng mnh dn n ph hu vng
y ging
Kh iu khin trong h thng gaslift khp kn v
nh
Plunger lift
Plunger lift
Plunger lift
Thit b khai thc bng gaslift
+Thit b b mt
+Thit b lng ging
1-My nn kh 2-ng dn kh cao p
3-Bnh tch 2 hoc 3 pha 4- Bnh cha cht lng khai thc
5- Bnh tch sy kh kh 6- Bnh tch condensate
7- Van o lu lng kh 8- Van iu khin
9- ng thu gom sn phm khai thc 10- ng dn kh thp p
11- Ging khai thc du bng gaslift 12- Ging khai thc kh cao p
Thit b b mt
Cc thit b b mt bao gm:
H thng my nn kh
H thng dn kh cao p
H thng bnh tch 2 hoc 3 pha
Bnh cha cht lng khai thc x l tip
H thng bnh tch sy kh kh
H thng bnh tch condensate
H thng van o lu lng kh
H thng van iu khin
H thng ng ng thu gom sn phm khai thc
H thng ng dn kh thp p
H thng u ming ging khai thc
Ging khai thc kh cao p
Ton b cc thit b ny to thnh mt h thng phn phi kh khp
kn
Thit b b mt
H thng bnh tch 2 hay 3 pha: C chc nng tch s b sn
phm khai thc, chuyn cht lng v lng kh ng hnh khai
thc n cc h thng thu gom, x l tip theo
H thng bnh cha cht lng khai thc: dng tip nhn cht
lng c tch ra t cc bnh tch tip tc x l hay l trm
trung chuyn bm du n cc h thng thu gom x l tnh
cho n du thng mi
H thng bnh tch condensate: C chc nng tch cc thnh
phn condensate khi kh ng hnh
H thng bnh tch sy kh kh: Dng tch ton b cc thnh
phn pha lng cn li khi kh ng hnh trc khi i vo my
nn
u ming ging: C nhim v treo ton b cn OKT v h thng
chn cch ly lm kn ming ging
Thit b lng ging
Ti cha chuyn dng (mandrel)
Van gaslift
H thng ti chuyn dng (mandrel)
+ C nhim v lp t cc van chuyn dng:
Van tun hon
Van Gaslift
Van bm ho cht vo trong ti
+ C chc nng nh hng thit b lp t v tho d cc loi van
chuyn dng mt cch chnh xc v d dng nh k thut cp ti
+ Do c cu to khng ng tm vi OKT nn khng nh hng n
dng sn phm chuyn ng ln.
+ Cho php cc thit b k thut cp ti v thit b nghin cu ging
su di chuyn ln xung d dng
Mandrel
Loi c mt ct hnh ovan
(Oval body side pocket mandrel)
p dng:
L thit b iu kin dng chy c lp t v
tho d di p sut phng php a vt l
chun.
Dng trong ging khoan thng hoc nghing tu
thuc loi mandrel.
Li ch:
Chim t khng gian hn so vi mt ct trn nn
c th th vo ging c ng knh ng chng
khai thc nh hn
Khng hiu qu trong trng hp khai thc vi
p sut cao
Loi c mt ct trn (Round body side pocket mandrel)
p dng:
L thit b iu kin dng chy c
lp t v tho d di p sut
phng php a vt l chun.
Dng trong ging khoan thng hoc
nghing tu thuc loi mandrel.
Li ch:
C nhiu u im khi khai thc vi p
sut cao
B hn ch trong vic khai thc vi
ng knh ng chng khai thc nh
Round solid body side pocket mandrel
p dng:
L thit b iu kin dng chy c lp t v
tho d di p sut phng php a vt l
chun.
Dng trong ging khoan thng hoc nghing tu
thuc loi mandrel.
Li ch:
ng bc nh hng m ng ny c ni phn
cui trn, cho php xc nh v tr cc thit b
Kickover c canh hng thng vi ti ca cc
thit b iu khin dng chy ang hot ng v
ang ko trong cc ging khoan c gc nghing
ln.
Tng thch vi cc thit b iu khin dng chy
ca cc nh sn xut khc.
TUBING RETRIEVABLE CONVENTIONAL MANDRELS
p dng:
Thit b iu khin c ci t bng vic vt mng
n gn trong gi p sut dc NPT c kch thc
12.7 mm, n c gng ti y ca mandrel.
Vi qu trnh hot ng dng chy trong ng khai
thc, dng chy i vo l thng ca thit b iu khin
dng chy, xung gi p sut v vo mandrel
thng qua cc l thng ca n (l thng giao tip vi
ng khai thc).
Li ch:
Lm gim vn tc va p ca kh vi thnh mandrel.
Vic t bo v kch c qu nng l bc kim loi bn
ngoi ca mandrel chng s ph hu khi ci t trong
qu trnh hon thin ging.
Tng thch vi cc thit b iu khin dng chy ca
cc nh sn xut khc.
Van gaslift
c t trong mandrel
su thit k nhm kh
ho ct cht lng pha trn
van
Van c cu to c bit cho
php iu khin qu trnh
ng m van mt cch d
dng nh p sut kh nn
hay bng p sut ct cht
lng khai thc
Cu to ca van gaslift
Van gaslift c cu to ch yu t nhng b phn
sau:
Thn van
Bung cha kh nit
Ti van
L dn kh
Van gaslitf
Chc nng ca van gaslift
T ng ng m, cch ly hoc khai thng vng
khng gian bn ngoi v bn trong ng nng
Gim p sut khi ng tng hiu qu s
dng nng lng ca thit b nn kh (cng cng
sut my nn kh, chiu su kh nn vo ng
nng tng ln)
Theo ch lm vic chia ra:
Van gaslift nh k
Van gaslift lin tc
Theo chc nng chia ra:
Van gaslift khi ng
Van gaslift lm vic
Theo nguyn l lm vic chia ra:
Van gaslift iu khin bng p sut
Van gaslift ng m nh s chnh p
Van gaslift ng m bng c hc
Theo cu trc chia ra:
Van gaslift dng bung kh
Van gaslift dng l xo
Van gaslift dng kt hp
Theo phng php lp t chia ra:
Loi c nh
Loi c th tho m
Theo thit b lp t chia ra:
Loi lp t nh dng c cp ti
Loi lp t nh thu li
Phn loi van gaslift
Phn loi theo chc nng
Van gaslift khi ng:
Dng tng su dn kh vo ct OKT bng cch ln lt kh
ho ct cht lng bt u t van trn cng
Cc van gaslift khi dng s ln lt ng cho n khi kh i vo
van gaslift lm vic
Khi a ging vo hot ng n nh, tt c cc van gaslft khi ng
phi ng kn
C th dng cho c ging khai thc lin tc v ging khai thc nh
k
Van gaslift lm vic:
Dn kh vo ct OKT, duy tr qu trnh kh ha ct cht lng lin tc
Ph thuc vo chnh lch p sut ca kh nn v ca ct cht
lng ti ni t van m van gaslift lm vic c th t iu chnh
lng kh nn theo yu cu
Phn loi theo nguyn l hot ng
+ Van gaslift iu khin bng p sut: qu trnh ng m
van c iu khin bng p sut ca kh nn hay p
sut ca ct cht lng khai thc
+ Van gaslift iu khin bng chnh p: qu trnh ng
m van c iu khin bng chnh p ca ct cht
lng khai thc v kh nn
+ Van gaslift c hc: t c s dng do cha hon thin
v cu to v bt tin v iu khin. Qu trnh ng m
ph thuc vo tc ng c hc t trn b mt
Phn loi theo cu trc
+ Van gaslift dng bung cha kh Nit: Tc nhn
ng loi van ny l do lc p sut ca kh Nit
nn trong bung cha kh
+ Van Gaslift dng l xo: Tc nhn ng loi van
ny l do lc n hi ca l xo thay v kh Nit nn
trong bung cha kh
+ Van gaslift dng kt hp: Tc nhn ng van ca
loi van ny l do tng hp lc n hi ca l xo
v lc p sut nn ca kh Nit trong bung cha
kh
Phn loi theo phng php lp t
Van gaslift c nh:
c lp t ngay trn ct OKT v th cng vi ct OKT
vo ging
Hin nay hu nh khng c s dng v tnh bt tin do
phi tin hnh qu trnh ko-th ton b ct OKT tho
d van
Van gaslift c th tho d:
c lp t vo mandrel nh k thut cp ti
Ti cha c ni v th cng ct OKT vo ging theo
chiu su thit k.Sau van gaslift c lp t hay tho
d thay th nh k thut cp ti m khng cn phi
ko th ton b ct OKT
INJECTION PRESSURE OPERATED GASLIFT VALVES
Dng trong ging khai thc gaslift lin tc
hoc nh k
c iu khin bng p sut kh nn
Lp vo bn trong mandrel, dng kim
sot kh nn v dng chy t KKVX vo ct
OKT
Gm 1 bung kn, vi 3 lp ng xp cha
kh N
2
c np trc-cung cp lc ng
cho van, khi p sut kh nn vut qu lc
ng ca van, ng xp b nn li, cho php
kh y qua van
c ch to bng thp khng g hoc hp
kim Nikel chng li s n mn ca CO
2
v H
2
S trong ging
PILOT OPERATED GAS LIFT VALVES
Dng trong ging khai thc gaslift nh k
c iu khin bng p sut kh bm p
Dng iu khin dng kh vo ct OKT trong sut qu
trnh khai thc gaslift nh k
Van c thit k vi 1 khoang kn, gm 3 lp, cha kh N
2
c np trc cung cp lc ng cho van, khi p sut kh
bm p vt qu lc ng van, ng xp b nn li, kh sau
khi qua v tr ny, b nn bi piston, nn s cho php 1 lng
ln kh bm p nhanh vo ct OKT
c ch to bng thp khng g hoc hp kim Nikel
chng li s n mn ca CO
2
v H
2
S trong ging
ORIFICE VALVES
Dng iu khin kh nn hoc cht lu t khong
khng vnh xuyn vo ct OKT
c dng nhng ni c p sut iu khin khng
c nh mong mun v c thit k khi p sut ct
ng chng v OKT xc nh.
1 thit b van kim tra s ngn khng cho dng chy
ngc qua van
2
v H
2
S trong ging
Production-Pressure-Operated Gas Lift Valves
Dng trong khai thc gaslift lin tc hoc nh k.
L la chn tuyt vi cho nhng ni p sut kh
bm p thp hoc khng n nh
c iu khin chnh bng p sut ca dng
cht lu khai thc
uc lp vo mandrel v dng kim sot khi
dng kh i vo cht lu khai thc
c thit k vi 1 ng xp cha 1 l xo nn
cung cp lc ng cho van.Khi p sut vt qu
lc ng ca l xo, ng xp b nn li v cho
php kh i qua van
Khng b nh hng bi t
0
y l khoan v
thit b chng chy ngc s kim sot khng
cho cht lu khai thc chy ngc qua van
c ch to bng thp khng g hoc hp kim
Nikel chng li s n mn ca CO
2
v H
2
S
trong ging
DUMMY VALVES
c lp vo bn trong ca mandrel nh 1 thit b c
lp, gi cho maldrel bt kn l khoan t lu cht khai
thc cho n khi chng di chuyn xong
2
v H
2
S trong ging
EQUALIZING DUMMY VALVES
+ c lp vo bn trong mandrel nh l 1 thit b
tch cn bng
+ c s dng khi tn ti s chnh lch p sut
ln gia ct OKT v KKVX, nu s chnh lch
p sut ca ca mandrel gy ra s mt cn
bng t ngt ca lu cht c th gy nguy him
cho cc thit b trong ging
+ c ch to bng thp khng g hoc hp kim
2
v H
2
S
trong ging
SHEAR ORIFICE VALVES
Dng iu khin dng kh hoc cht lu t KKVX
vo ct OKT, v hat ng nh 1 dummy valve trc
khi n hot ng
c s dng khi cn t c s chnh lch p sut
gia KKVX v ct OKT, van ch m ra khi p sut ca
KKVX tng ln v ln hn p sut ct OKT
2
v H
2
S trong ging
CIRCULATING VALVES
S dng nhm to s lin h gia vng KKVX v
bn trong ct OKT
c lp t vo bn trong ca mandrel ngn
cn dng kh hoc cht lu gy hi cho mandrel
trong sut qu trnh tun hon vi tc cao
2
v H
2
S trong
ging
CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVES
Dng kim sot cht lu y vo trong ct OKT,
kim sot s n mn trong ging, x l parafin, mui
ho tan v ngn cn qu trnh hydrate trong ging
c thit k vi 1 l xo lm bng hp kim Nikel
cung cp lc ng cho van
L xo nn cho php thay i p sut lm vic t 500
4000 psi
2
v H
2
S trong ging
CHEMICAL INJECTION CHECK VALVES
Ngn cn khng cho dng kh hoc cht lu chy
ngc t ct OKT vo khang khng vnh xuyn,
c lp t bn ngoi mandrel
C th s dng mt mnh hoc lin kt vi 1 van c
hc tng kh nng bo v
2
v H
2
S trong
ging
HYDRAULIC MULTI-POSITION GAS LIFT VALVE
Dng kim sot th tch kh hoc cht lu
t khong khng vnh xuyn vo ct OKT
HMPGLV cn 1 ng iu khin nc
n. Loi van ny c th chy c c v
tr ng hoc m
REVERSE FLOW CHECK VALVES
L loi van dng ngn cch khng cho dng kh
hoc cht lu i ngc tr li khong khng vnh
xuyn v c lp t bn ngoi mandrel
2
v H
2
S trong
ging
Nguyn tc hot ng ca van gaslift
Khi nim chung
Thng s dng van gaslift dng bung kh nn
Bung kh nn l b phn quan trng nht ca van
Van gaslift dng bung kh nn c 3 chi tit quan trng sau:
Tit din bung kh nn A
b
Tit din ca l dn kh A
p
Tit din hiu dng ca bung kh nn A
b
- A
p
Trn c s cc tit din trn ta c cc khi nim:
Yu t bung kh nn: F
b
= A
b
/ (A
b
A
p
)
Yu t l dn kh: F
p
= A
p
/ (A
b
A
p
)
Nguyn tc hot ng ca van gaslift
1- Thn van 2- Bung cha kh nit
3- Ti van 4- L dn kh
Nguyn tc hot ng ca van gaslift kiu bung cha kh nit
iu khin bng p sut kh nn
Phng trnh cn bng p sut khi m van: khi van chun b m
ta c phng trnh cn bng lc:
P
km
( A
b
A
p
) + P
lm
A
p
= P
b
A
b
(1)
m: ch trng thi van khi chun b m
Nu van gaslift kiu kt hp (c l xo h tr lc ng van) th
phng trnh tr thnh:
P
km
( A
b
A
p
) + P
lm
A
p
= P
b
A
b
+ P
lx
(A
b
A
p
) (2)
P
lx:
p sut n hi ca l xo
Chia (1) v (2) cho (A
b
A
p
), ng thi thay cc yu t
bung cha khi nit F
b
= A
b
/ (A
b
A
p
) v yu t l dn
kh F
p
= A
p
/ (A
b
A
p
) ta c pt:
P
km
+ P
lm
F
p
= P
b
F
b
P
km
+ P
lm
F
p
= P
b
F
b
+ P
lx
Khi bit p sut P
km
, P
lm,
p sut cn np vo bung kh
nn c dng:
P
b
=(P
km
+ P
lm
F
p
P
lx
) / F
b
Hoc t (1) ta c:
P
b
= P
km
- (P
km
P
lm
) A
p
/ A
b
Nguyn tc hot ng ca van gaslift kiu bung cha kh nit
iu khin bng p sut kh nn
Phng trnh cn bng p sut khi ng van
Khi van chun b ng ta c pt cn bng lc:
P
kd
(A
b
A
p
) + P
kd
A
p
= P
b
A
b
K hiu d ch trng thi van chun b ng
Nu van Gaslift kiu kt hp th:
P
kd
(A
b
A
p
) + P
kd
A
p
= P
b
A
b
+ P
lx
(A
b
A
p
)
C th a ra cng thc xc nh p sut ng theo cng thc
m hay ngc li:
P
kd
= P
km
(P
km
P
lm
)A
p
/A
b
Nguyn tc ca van gaslift kiu bung cha kh nit
iu khin bng p sut ct cht lng
Phng trnh cn bng p sut khi m van:
P
lm
(A
b
A
p
) + P
km
A
p
= P
b
A
b
(*)
Trong m ch trng thi van chun b m
Nu van gaslift kiu kt hp th ta c:
P
lm
(A
b
A
p
) + P
km
A
p
= P
b
A
b
+ P
lx
( A
b
A
p
) (**)
Chia (*) v (**) cho (A
b
A
p
), ng thi thay yu t
bung cha kh nit F
b
= A
b
/(A
b
A
p
) v yu t l dn
kh F
p
= (A
b
A
p
) ta c:
P
lm
+ P
km
F
b
= P
b
F
b
P
lm
+ P
km
F
b
= P
b
F
b
+ P
lx
Khi bit p sut P
km
v P
lm
, p sut cn np vo bung
kh nn c dng:
P
b
= (P
lm
+ P
km
F
p
P
lx
)
Nguyn tc ca van gaslift kiu bung cha kh nit
iu khin bng p sut ct cht lng
Phng trnh cn bng p sut khi ng van
Khi van chun b ng th pt cn bng lc:
P
ld
(A
b
A
p
) + P
ld
A
p
= P
b
A
b
K hiu d ch trng thi van khi chun b ng
Nu van gaslift kiu kt hp ta c:
P
ld
(A
b
A
p
) + P
ld
A
p
= P
b
A
b
+ P
lx
(A
b
A
p
)
Ta c cc phng trnh tng ng:
P
ld
= P
b
P
ld
= P
b
+ P
lx
/ F
b
Kt hp hai cng thc tnh p sut ng v p sut m van ta c:
P
ld
= P
lm
(P
lm
P
km
) A
p
/ A
b
Nhn xt
Van ch nh li khi p sut ct cht lng cao hn
gi tr cn thit m van
Trong thc t khai thc du bng gaslift, van gaslift
loi bung cha kh nit iu khin bng ct p
sut cht lng thng c s dng kiu kt hp
Nguyn tc np kh cho van gaslift kiu bung cha
kh nit
Qu trnh np kh v hiu chnh cho ng vi gi tr thit k
c tin hnh trm np kh v th van gaslift
p sut np cho bung cha kh nit thng c hiu chnh
nh ga tr p sut np biu kin
Trn c s cng thc xc nh p sut m van ta c:
P
ko
(A
b
A
p
) + 0 = P
bo
A
b
+ P
lx
(A
b
A
p
)
P
ko
= F
b
P
bo
+ P
lx
P
bo
- p sut cn np vo bung kh nit 15.5
o
C
S nguyn l cu to ca trm np kh v th van
gaslift
1- Van gaslift 2- Bung th p sut
3-4 p k
i vi van gaslift loi bung cha kh nit iu khin
bng p sut ct cht lng, P
bo
= 0 nn: P
ko
= P
lx
Do lc n hi khng b nh hng bi yu t nhit
ca cc ging khai thc nn: P
ko
= P
lm
+ P
km
F
b
Nguyn tc np kh cho van gaslift kiu bung cha
kh nit
i vi van gaslift c np kh nit vo bung kh, ngha l
P
bo
khc khng:
H s iu chnh nhit C
t
= P
b
/P
bo
C
t
= [460 + (1.8t + 32)]z
1
/ 520z
15
t- nhit ti su t van
z
1
v z
15
- h s nn ca nit iu kin nhit t v
15.5
o
C
Lc ny gi tr p sut np biu kin:
P
ko
= (P
km
+ P
lm
F
b
) / C
t
Nguyn tc np kh cho van gaslift kiu bung cha kh nit
nh hng ca nhit ti cc thng s lm vic ca
van gaslift
Th hin qua thng s hiu chnh nhit C
t
Tn ti 2 ch nhit khc nhau ph thuc vo ging lm vic hay
ngng:
Nu ging khng hot ng th ng phn b nhit dc theo
thn ging tng t nh ng phn b a nhit
Nu ging t phun th ng phn b a nhit ph thuc vo:
trng a nhit, l lng khai thc, kch thc ng khai thc,
ngm nc.
Tng t i vi ging khai thc bng gaslift
i vi ging khai thc bng gaslift, van gaslift cn chu nh hng bi
hiu ng lm lnh do kh nn gin n ra khi i qua van.
nh hng ca ng knh l van gaslift ln lng kh nn
+
=
+
k
k
k
kr
k
P
P
P
P
k
k
t
P d
q
1
1
2
2
1
2 1
2
1
) 273 (
3 . 438
Lu lng kh nn qua van gaslift c xc nh:

k- h s n on nhit ca kh c xc nh k = C
v
/C
p
C
v
v C
p
l nhit dung ring ca kh khi th tch v p sut khng thay
i tng ng:
P
1
v P
2
p sut trc v sau l dn kh
d- ng knh l dn kh
Ngoi ra c th xc nh q
k
bng biu c xy
dng sn theo P
1
v P
2
, ng knh l dn d v mt
kh nn
kr
Gi tr lu lng kh nn qua van gaslift c xc nh
bng biu phi chia cho h s hiu chnh K
hc
) 8 . 1 492 ( 0544 . 0 t K
kr hc
+ =
H s hiu chnh K
hc
cng c th xc nh bng biu
xy dng theo cc gi tr nhit t v mt ring
ca hn hp kh nn
kr
nh hng ca ng knh l van gaslift ln lng kh nn
Biu xc nh ng knh l van gaslift khi bit trc p sut
v lu lng kh nn
Biu xc nh h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo mt
v nhit kh nn
Cc ng c trng ca van gaslift
Cc ng cong trn biu din s thay i lu lng kh nn i qua
van q
k
khi thay i ct p sut cht lng P
1
:
Khi P
k
= P
l
v ln hn P
kd
th van m nhng cha c kh i
qua
Khi P
k
P
l
> 0 kh bt u qua van kh ha ct cht lng
qua van
Lu lng qua van tng dn v t l thun vi chnh p v t
n gi tr cc i
Nu tip tc gim P
l
th lu lng s gi nguyn mc cc i
(ng 1), hoc l gim (ng 2 hay ng 3)
Cc ng cong c trng dng kh chy qua l ca
van gaslift
1- Lu lng kh nn gi nguyn mc cc i
2-3- Lu lng kh nn gim i
ng c trng ca kh nn kiu dng chy qua l
c nh van gaslift
Dng chy kiu qua l: khi gimP
l
t gi tr P
k
n gi tr p sut P
k
khng
i th lu lng kh tng dn, t gi tr cc i, sau gi khng
i(ng 1)
Dng chy kiu qua l chia lm 2 phn:
Dng chy di ti hn:
Lu lng q
k
tng dn khi P
l
gim trong khi gi P
k
khng i
Khi lu lng q
k
cc i, P
l
gi l p sut ti hn P
lth
Dng chy ti hn:
Khi p sut P
l
gim thp hn P
lth
y l vng p sut kh nn P
k
kh nng gi van m hon ton m khng
cn s h tr ca p sut ct cht lng P
l
c trng ca kh nn kiu dng chy tit lu qua van
gaslift
Dng chy kiu tit lu (ng 2):
Gim P
l
t gi tr P
k
n p sut kh quyn trong khi P
k
khng
i th lu lng q
k
tng dn, t cc i sau gim n 0 ti
1 gi tr P
l
no
Khi P
l
cn ln th tng p lc ca kh nn v ct cht lng
thng c p lc ca bung cha kh Nit van m
Khi q
k
t gi tr cc i nu tip tc gim gi tr P
l
th tng p
lc khng cn thng c p lc ca bung cha kh
nit din tch l van gim, lng kh nn qua van gim dn
theo kiu tit lu.D tng chnh p sut qua van, lng kh
nn qua van tip tc gim n bng 0
Gi tr p sut P
l
ti thi im van ng gi l p sut ng van
ca ct cht lng P
ld
c trng ca kh nn kiu dng chy chuyn tip qua
van gaslift
Vng tn ti dng chy chuyn tip l vng gia 2 dng
chy kiu l v dng chy tit lu
Khi gim P
l
t gi tr P
k
n p sut kh quyn trong khi
gi P
k
khng i th lu lng q
k
tng dn, t gi tr cc
i, sau gim dn nh kiu tit lu nhng khng gim
n 0 (ng 3)
Nh vy:
Nu P
kd
< P
k
< P
km
:dng kh nn qua van theo kiu
tit lu
Nu P
km
< P
k
: dng kh nn qua van gaslift theo
kiu dng qua l c nh
NGUYEN LY HOAT ONG CUA VAN GASLIFT VA TNH TOAN O SAU AT
VAN KHI ONG
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua van gaslift
Co hai loai van gaslift: van dang buong kh va van lo xo
1. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua van gaslift dang buong kh
- Van chu tac ong cua hai lc ngc chieu nhau: ap suat nap san ban au trong
buong kh tao mot lc gi van trang thai ong va lc ong van do cac ap suat
trong ong khai thac va ong chong gay ra
2. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua van chu tai lo xo
- Van chu tai lo xo khong duy tr ap suat nap san ban au ma dung lc lo xo e
ong van. Lc ngc chieu co xu hng m van la ap suat ong chong va ap suat
ong khai thac
3. Nguyen ly lam viec cua van co c cau ong m (pilot operated valve)
- ay la loai van trch dung dch cung cap thuy lc e ieu khien s ong m cua
van. Van co c cau ong m tng t nh van chu tai lo xo dang n nhng co gan
them phan van chnh
TNH TOAN O SAU AT VAN KHI ONG
- e tnh toan o sau at van khi ong, can biet cac thong so sau:
- o sau cua gieng : H (m)
- ng knh ong : D (mm)
- ng knh cot ong nang : d (mm)
- o dai cot ong nang : L (m)
- Mc thuy tnh : Htt (m)
- Ty trong cua chat long : cl (m3/T)
- The tch kh khi ong : V0 (m3)
- Ap suat tren ng ong khi ong mieng gieng: pkhd (at)
- Ap suat e cot ong nang khi gieng lam viec bnh thng: plv (at)
- e hieu phng phap tnh toan o sau at van kh ong can phai biet qua trnh
a gieng co trang b thiet b khi ong vao hoat ong.
oi vi gieng khai thac theo che o vanh khuyen, kh c bm vao gieng se
ay chat long t khong gian ngoai can vao trong ong nang qua cac van gaslift
ang m. Nh vay mc chat long trong khoang khong vanh xuyen t t giam
dan. Khi mc chat long at en o sau L1 cua van khi ong th nhat, kh se i
vao ong nang qua van va lam cho mat o cot chat long tr len giam nhe i va
ong thi lam cho ap suat ong nang giam theo. Chat long tiep tuc i qua cac van
khi ong at pha di. Do o mc chat long ngoai can cung giam e cho
can bang vi ap suat trong ong nang. Sau mot thi gian kh nen i qua van khi
ong th nhat th ap suat tai ay se on nh va mc chat long ngoai can cung
giam en o sau L1 tng ng. Nh vay van khi ong th hai phai at o sau
cao hn o sau at van khi ong th nhat mot t nham muc ch tao ra o
chenh lech ap suat e kh nen co the i qua van th hai. Kh nen luc nay se i
qua ong thi ca hai van. Neu nh the tch kh nen vao vung ngoai can nho hn
tong lng kh i qua hai van khi ong th ap suat ngoai can se giam i, khi no
at en gia tr ong cua van th nhat th van nay se ong lai. Nh vay luc nay
kh nen ch i vao van th hai ma thoi. C nh the mc chat long ngoai can
tiep tuc giam en o sau cua van khi ong th ba va qua trnh tren c lap lai
cho en khi nao mc chat long at en o sau cua van lam viec.
Tel : 84-8-8654086
O\ LY T\ !L^ CH\
80M LY TkM IEh 6hM
+ u va nhc iem cua phng phap
+ Thiet b:
- Thiet b long gieng
- Thiet b be mat
+ Thiet b khai thac bang bm ly tam ien
chm
+ Mot so hong hoc cua bm ly tam ien
chm
00 IEM 60k Fh00h FhkF 80M LY TkM
Khai thac gieng vi lu lng rat ln
moi trng b nhiem ban va nhieu hoa chat.
Gieng co o sau ln va o ngam nc cua san pham cao.
Hieu suat toan bo he thong cao (70%).
Co the khai thac vi lu lng cao va khong can lap at tai v tr trung tam gieng.
o c P va t
0
ay nh cam bien.
De phat hien va x ly trng hp an mon va r set.
Bm co nhieu kch c khac nhau ap ng moi yeu cau.
Gia thanh khai thac tren 1 n v san pham thap oi vi gieng co lu lng ln.
hh006 IEM 60k Fh00h FhkF 80M LY TkM
Ch s dung nang lng ien.
Tuoi tho cua he thong giam ang ke neu ham lng pha ran trong san
pham cao.
t
0
de lam h cap ien.
Kha nang h hong cao va mat nhieu thi gian sa cha va lap at.
Chu y an toan ien v ien ap cao.
Hieu qua thap oi vi gieng nong co san lng thap, ac biet san pham
cha nhieu kh.
Kho ieu chnh toc o phu hp vi lu lng cua gieng.
Chi ph cao khi can thay oi lu lng khai thac (phai thay oi thiet b).
He thong b gii han bi o sau cua gieng (do gia thanh cap qua cao va
kch thch ong chong).
ThIET 8I 8E MkT
Transformer
Switchboard
Junction box
Wellhead
ha Ihong may bIan Iha (IransIormar)
Gom 3 dang may bien the
khac nhau: singlephase
transformer, standard
transformer, autotransformer.
Nhng bien the s dung tren
at lien dung dau e lam
mat.
May bien the khong c
lam mat bang dau oi khi
c dung tren bien v ngan
chan dau tran.
Tram dIau khIan (8WIIrhboard)
+Switchboard la 1 thiet b c ban ieu
khien ong c.
+Chuan ien the lam viec trong
khoang t 600 en 4900V.
+Co 2 kieu cau tao quan trong la
electromechanical va solid state.
Tram dIau khIan (II)
+ Loai Electromechanical ho tr bao ve qua dong/qua tai thong qua nut
nhan cong tac r le va khi ong bang tay. Ngoai ra co nhng u iem
ve x ly nhng thiet hai gap trong thiet b di lo khoan (downhole) nh
bm qua mc, gas lock, tubing ro r (do cach ien khong tot) va qua
trnh van hanh b truc trac.
+ Loai Solid state luon ong nhat vi ngi ieu khien ong c. Ngi
ieu khien vi muc ch la bao ve thiet b di lo khoan (downhole) nh
cam bien nguon d thng va tat nguon ien neu dong vt qua hoac ha
thap di mc cho phep.
hop rhong no (1unrIIon 8ox)
Ket noi day cap nguon t
tram ieu khien en day cap
nguon cua gieng.
Chong hien tng chay no khi
kh ong hanh ngng tu trong
day cap nguon (i t ay
gieng len) thoat ra ngoai
khong kh.
au gIang (WaIIhaad)
Treo toan bo he thong ong khai
thac cung vi thiet b long
gieng.
Cung cap 1 ap suat ong kn
quanh ong khai thac va day cap
nguon.
Vi he thong thiet b chen bao
am o kn mieng gieng
ngan can s di chuyen cua kh
xuyen qua day cap len mieng
gieng khi ap suat mieng gieng
cao len ti 3000 psi.
ThIET 8I L0h IEh
Power cable
Motor Flat Cable
Pump
Standard intake
Protector
Motor
ha Ihong rap IaI dIan
nang (FoWar rabIa)
ong vai tro tai nang lng ien 3
pha t be mat ong c ien.
Co 2 loai cap: dp va trn
Cap tai ien phai thoa man: ng
knh nho, dan ien va co lp cach
ien tot, vo boc ben vng.
ha Ihong rap IaI dIan nang (FoWar rabIa)
+ Day cap khong co vo boc cach ien ch dung cho gieng
<180
0
F. Vi BHP tnh <1500psi.
+ Day cap co dung vo cach ien ac biet co the van hanh
>400
0
F tai 1500psi.
au rap dIan (MoIor IIaI rabIa)
+ Con goi la Pothead, cap det co
au ac biet dung e dan ien
nang ti bm ien chm va cach
ly chat lu.
8om (pump)
May bm co nhieu cap hoat ong
theo nguyen tac ly tam
Moi cap gom 2 phan chnh:
- Canh dan (Impeller)
- Bo phan hng va gop
dong (Diffuser)
8om (pump)
Canh dan (Impeller): dung e khuay
tron 1 chat long hoac e hut chat
long vao bm. Canh dan quay gom 2
thanh phan: chuyen ong quay ly
tam va chuyen ong tiep tuyen.
8om (pump)
Bo phan hng va gop dong
(Diffuser): chuyen hoa nang lng
van toc sang nang lng ap suat thuy
tnh. Ngoai ra no nh hng dong
chay i vao canh dan cua cap tiep
theo nham tang them ap suat e nang
chat long len be mat.
8Iandard InIaka
Co 2 kieu tach kh la:
+The static type
+The rotary type
Tha sIaIIr Iypa
Kieu tach kh tnh bang cach ao ngc
hng chay cua dong chat lu. Tai ca
vao cua chat lu hng dong chay tao ap
suat thap cho phep tach kh. Kh c tach
di chuyen len vanh gieng khoan va thoat
ra tai au gieng. Chat lu con kh i vao
bnh tach va di chuyen vao ong ng.
Chat lu c a len nh bo canh tron.
Bo canh tron tao chuyen ong xoay tron,
nh nguyen ly trong lc ma chat lu
khong co kh b vang ra ngoai va kh th b
tach ra e di chuyen len ng thong hi.
Tha roIary Iypa
- Kieu quay tach kh trong hnh bao gom 1 thiet
b ly tam e tach kh va san sinh chat long
(chat long c sinh ra t gieng).
- Chat lu t gieng i vao cong hut va en
inducer.
- Thiet b inducer giam ap suat chat lu ngo
ra va i vao thiet b ly tam. Kh boc len t
tam quay cua thiet b roi i xuyen vat ngan
chat lu, sau o i vao tiet dien oan noi
cheo ni o kh thoat qua vanh xuyen va chat
lu th c hng i en mieng vao cua may
bm.
ThIaI bI bao va (FroIarIor)
Co 2 kieu bao ve:
Thiet b bao ve thc hien 4 chc nang:
- Ket noi may bm en ong c nh
vao vo boc cng bao ve may moc
(housing) va truc dan ong (drive-shaft).
- Houses a thrust bearing to absorb
pump shaft axial thrust.
- Co lap ong c t chat lu gieng trong
qua trnh can bang ap suat gia ong c
va than gieng.
- Cho phep s gian n nhiet t ong c
do hau qua cua qua trnh tang va giam
nhiet o sau khi Shutdown.
- The positive seal
- The labyrinth path
Tha posIIIva saaI
Thiet ke da vao tnh chat an hoi.
Tui can tr chat lu cho phep s gian
n nhiet cua ong c trong qua trnh
van hanh. Tuy nhien van co lap chat
lu gieng i vao ong c dau
Tha IabyrInIh paIh
Thiet ke dung cho s chenh lech
trong lc ac biet cua chat lu gieng
va ong c. e ngan can chat lu
gieng i vao ong c
ThIaI bI bao va rabIa
ong ro dIan (moIor)
ong c cua may bm ly tam la loai 3 pha 2 cc kieu long soc.
ong c chay toc o ch nh van hanh la 3500vong/phut vi
tan so 60Hz.
ong c c cha trong dau cach ien co tnh dan nhiet va boi
trn.
ong c c san xuat theo 4 ng knh khac nhau: 3.75; 4.56;
5.40 va 7.38in. Kha nang hoat ong 7.5hp (3.75in) en 1000hp
(7.38in).
Cau truc ong c co the la 1 hoac nhieu ong c noi tiep nhau
c bat oc vi nhau e at ti ma lc yeu cau.
ong ro dIan (moIor)
ThIaI bI ram ung do ap suaI va nhIaI do (prassura
and IamparaIura sansIng InsIrumanI)
Gom 2 thanh phan:
- Bo chuyen oi
- Dung cu o mui khoan: xac
nh ro phng v va o
nghieng cua mui khoan
trong gieng
Bo chuyen oi ket noi ien va ong
c. D lieu nhiet o va ap suat c
truyen t bo chuyen oi en dung cu
o mui khoan thong qua ong c va
tn hieu mang 1 chieu tren day cap.
6hur nang rua IhIaI bI ram bIan do ap suaI va
nhIaI do
o truyen lien tuc len be mat cac thong so ve nhiet o va
ap suat cua dong san pham tai v tr at to hp may bm ly
tam ien ngam.
Kiem tra trang thai lam viec cua cac thiet b ien, phat hien
cac hien tng h hong cua cac thiet b nay.
Co the ket hp vi he thong kiem soat va thay oi toc o
tren be mat e thay oi toc o cua to hp may bm ly tam
ien ngam.
THIET KE KHAI THAC BANG BM LY TAM
Tnh cac thong so can thiet
Tnh ap suat mieng vao cua bm
Xac nh lu lng khai thac hp ly
Xac nh chieu sau at bm
Xac nh chat lu i vao bm
Xac nh loai bm va so cap bm
CAC THONG SO CAN THIET
+Ty trong trung bnh cua chat long:
+Ty trong dau theo o API:
+ Chieu sau gieng:
AP SUAT MIENG VAO CUA BM
+ Pmv: ap suat mieng vao bm (atm)
+ Nw: o ngam nc cua san pham (%)
+ Ks: he so tach kh cua thiet b
+ Pbh: ap suat bao hoa
+ GOR: ty so dau kh
LU LNG KHAI THAC HP LY
CH SO KHAI THAC:
+ Qtest: lu lng khai thac th (b/d)
+ Pv: ap suat va (psi)
+ Pd: ap suat ay
Ap suat ay gieng ng vi Q
d
:
) (
PI
Qd
Pv Pwf
+ P
wf
> P
bh
: lu lng yeu cau Q
d
thoa man
+P
wf
< P
bh
: tnh Q
new
XAC NH CHIEU SAU AT BM
XAC NH LNG LU CHAT I VAO BM
Tnh toan he so dau kh hoa tan tai loi vao bm:
Tnh toan he so the tch thanh he dau tai loi vao bm :
He so the tch thanh he kh tai loi vao bm :
Tong the tch kh:
The tch kh hoa tan trong dau:
The tch kh t do:
TONG LU LNG CHAT LU I VAO BM
TONG LU LNG CHAT LU I VAO BM
XAC NH LU CHAT I VAO BM
Neu %FG con ln hn gia tr cho phep, ta phai tang chieu sau at bm len:
Lp1=10500 (ft)
Tnh lai Pmv.
Cot ap di bm:
Hd1 = L - Lp1 = 10814 - 10500 = 314 (ft)
Cot ap tren bm:
Ht1 = TUP - Hd1 = 3273 - 314 = 2959 (ft)
Ap suat mieng vao:
Neu sau khi tang chieu sau at bm len ma %FG con ln hn gia tr cho
phep, ta se lap vao thiet b tach kh
TNH COT AP NANG
TNH COT AP NANG
TNH COT AP NANG
TNH COT AP NANG
CC CU TRC BM C BN
BM CU TRC NN BM CU TRC NI
1ung too tho tduc bot khu nung cho mu mon do sot)
CC S C HNG HC BM LY TM IN CHM
Nhn xt:
C nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra cc s c
hng hc bm ly tm in chm.
Ct xm nhp vo v ph hy bm l
nguyn nhn ch yu.
Bng: T l hng hc ca cc thit b
5 10 S c khc
15 20 Thit b tch kh v
bm
60 70 ng c v protector
T l h hng % Thit b hng hc
QU TRNH CT XM NHP VO BM KHI KHAI THC
CC HNG HC DO CT XM NHP
S mi mn xuyn tm.
Lm mn quanh trc,
trc quay lch tm,
ph hu cc b phn
khc
Lm mn cc nim
lm kn, nht l nim
lm kn thit b bo
v ng c, lm cht
lu trong ging xm
nhp vo ng c
CC HNG HC DO CT XM NHP
S xi mn
+ Cc ht sc cnh d ph hu b mt trong phn hng dng.
+ Cc ht kt li trong hc, kt hp li, gy kt bnh cng tc, chy /c.
CC GII PHP TNG TUI TH BM LY TM IN
CHM.
+ Chn cu trc bm theo ch s ai.
+ Lp t phin lc, gim lng ct.
+ Khng ch lu lng khai thc.
+ Phng php kt hp.
CHN CU TRC BM THEO CH S AI
+Ch s AI: biu th kh nng ph hy ca ct.
AI=0,3*% ht(<li 60)+0,1*(1-ht trn cnh)+0,1*(1-ht hnh
cu)+0,25*% ht(khng tan trong axit)+0,25*% Thch anh.
+ Chn cu trc bm chu mi mn da theo lng cht
mi mn v ch s AI.
BIU CHN CU TRC BM
Nh cc bm cu trc nii
hay nn thng thng
nhng c lp thm lt
xuyn tm, bng cacbua-
vnfam hay zirconia, xen
ln trong cnh bm
LP T PHIN LC
Lp t phin lc, lc c
phn ct c kch thc ln trnh
c s bn ph b mtt trong
ca bm.
L mt phng php n gin
hiu qu
KHNG CH LU LNG KHAI THC
+ Khng ch lu lng
khai thc va phi
kh nng ct t va
vo ging gim. (Gi
mc cht lu khai
thc ph hp).
KHNG CH LU LNG KHAI THC BNG KHA.
KHNG CH LU LNG KHAI THC BNG CCH BM TUN HON
+Phng php kt hp l kt hp tt c cc phng
php trn.
+Do vic s dng tt c cc hng php trn nn
hiu qu k thut cao.
+Tuy nhin phi la chn cc hng php kt hp
ph hp t c hiu qu kinh t cao nht
PHNG PHP KT HP
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CAC PHUONG PHAP THU HOt DAU
TANG CUONG
(Fnhanccd Oil RccovcryFOR)
Noi dung
+ Cac giai oan khai thac
+ Cac phng phap thu hoi dau tang cng
Phng phap hoa hoc
Phng phap tron ln bang CO
2
Phng phap nhiet
Cac giai oan khai thac
+ Giai oan s cap
+ Giai oan th cap
+ Giai oan tang cng
Giai oan khai thac
Giai oan s cap
+ Cac nguon nang lng va
Nang lng chuyen dch
Nang lng can kiet
+ He so thu hoi dau thap (10%-30%)
Giai oan th cap
Sau qua trnh khai thac s cap, cac nguon nang
lng t nhien dn can kiet nhng lng dau
trong va con tng oi ln (2/3 en )
Tien hanh duy tr ap suat va bang bm ep nc
hoac kh
Kha nang ng dung EOR tren the gii
Phng phap thu hoi
tang cng c ng
dung ngay cang nhieu
Nam 1982, san lng
dau khai thac bang
phng nay chiem
0.9% toan lng dau
the gii. Va nam 1990
tang len 2%
Giai oan thu hoi dau tang cng
ac trng
Tang hieu suat quet
Tang hieu suat ay
Tang ca hai
Muc ch
Bo sung nang lng va
Tang ieu kien thu hoi dau nh s tng tac cua dau
Phng phap thu hoi dau tang cng
Tang ruong hIau suaI quaI
Tang ruong hIau suaI day
Tang do nhoI rua nuor
Iam do nhoI rua dau
ung poIymar
8om ap hoI nuor
oI IaI rho
ung rar rhaI kIam
Thay doI Inh dnh uoI rua
da va
Iam sur rang ba maI
gIua rar rhaI Iuu
8u dung rhaI Iuu day ro
kha nang Iron Ian
8om ap 60
Z
ung rar rhaI hoaI
Inh ba maI
8om ap kh
hydrorarbon, h
Z
C che thu hoi dau tang cng
Phng phap thu hoi dau tang cng
Phng phap hoa hoc
Phng phap tron lan bang CO
2
Phng phap nhiet
Phng phap hoa hoc
S dung chat hoat tnh be mat
Bm ep hoa chat (polimer)
Phng phap bm ep chat kiem (caustic)
Phng s dung chat hoat tnh be mat
Cac loai chat hoat tnh be mat
Chat cc anion
Chat cc cation
Cong dung
Lam giam sc cang be mat -> tang tnh
linh ong cua dau
Giam mc chenh ap can thiet
Tang he so thu hoi 15 16 %
Phng s dung chat hoat tnh be mat
Nhc iem
Phc tap
Khong on nh
B hap thu manh
Chat hoat tnh be mat rat at tien
C che
Bm ep polimer
Bm polimer
u iem
Hoa tan vi nc ay cac nut s cap hieu
qua
Qua trnh ay dch chuyen khong tron lan
Nhc iem:
Nut s cap (dung dich mecella) phai co ty so
linh ong thch hp mi tang hieu suat ay
Bm ep chat kiem (caustic)
Cac loai chat kiem: NaOH, Na
2
SiO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
...
Tao ieu kien a cha thay oi t dnh t dau sang
tnh dnh t nc
Hoa tan vi nc bm ep va tao hon hp vi dau d
trong va lam giam sc cang be mat
Phan ng vi cac axt hu c tao ra cac chat hoat tnh
be mat tai be mat phan cach dau nc.
Phng phap tron lan CO2
Cac tnh chat CO
2
Khoi lng
o nht
Tac dung cua phng phap tron lan CO
2
o nht dau va nc thay oi
Hoa vao dau -> cua dau giam -> ng suat be mat
ranh gii dau nc giam
Hoa vao nc -> cua nc tang -> tang kha nang
ay dau
Cac phng phap bm ep CO
2
Bm ep lien tuc
CO
2
ngam H
2
O
Nut CO
2
kh hay long theo sau bi nc
ong thi CO
2
& H
2
O
Bm ep CO
2
lien tuc
ay la phng phap quan trong nhng hieu qua kinh te thap
do:
oi hoi lng CO
2
rat nhieu
at hieu qua khi co ky thuat tai sinh CO
2
Thu hoi: 20 %
Bm ep nc ngam CO
2
Han che: S khuech tan CO
2
cham -> hieu qua thu hoi dau khong cao
au du
huor ngam 60
Z
dau
Bm ep nut CO
2
long hay kh theo sau bi nc
Nc c bm ep lien tuc e ay nut CO
2
e tang hieu qua ta dung phng phap WAG
au du va 60
Z
huJc C0
2
huJc nuuven sinh
dau
Phng phap WAG (Water Alternating Gas
process)
Duo do vu CO
2
duo
Nooc ngoyon snh
nooc CO
2
nooc CO
2
Phng phap WAG (Water Alternating Gas
process)
Muc ch
Giam o linh ong CO
2
Kinh te hn cac phng phap khac
u viet hn so vi cac phng phap khac
Thu hoi dau cao 38%
Keo dai kha nang s dung CO
2
Bm ep ong thi CO
2
va nc
do
CO
2
Nooc
dao do va nooc
Tnh u viec cua phng phap CO
2
so vi phng
phap khac
+ Kha nang tron lan ap suat thap
+ Hieu suat ay cao trong trng hp tron lan xay ra
+ CO
2
xuyen qua cac mang nc bao quanh dau e tng tac vi
dau
+ Tang hieu suat quet
+ Chi ph thap ac biet khi co CO
2
gan mo
+ Giam o linh ong cua nc va, tang o tham do H
2
CO
3
lam
gian n dau, giam o nht cua dau
Hoat ong thu hoi dau tang cng bang CO
2
tren
the gii
Hoat ong thu hoi dau cng bang CO
2
tren the gii
CO
2
s dung tot khi
API: 22 36
: 10cp tr xuong
Thanh he: cat ket, cacbonat
o sau: > 2500ft
Cac phng phap nhiet
Dung e thu hoi dau nang nho hn 20
0
API ng vi o
nht t 200 en 2000 cp, bao gom:
Bm ep chat lu nong
ot tai cho
Bm ep chat lu nong
Giai oan bm ep Giai oan ngam Giai oan khai thac
Bm ep chat lu nong
+ Bm ep hi nc nong va nc nong (t hieu qua)
+ Bm ep hi nc theo chu k nham: giam o, thoat hi nc
va, gian no dau, bay hi nc bay quanh dau
+ Thuan li: hieu qua ve thi gian (tng tac kch hi ngan)
+ Kho khan:
Va gan gieng mi kch thch c
Han che ve mat ky thuat
Phng phap ot tai cho
+ Nang lng nhiet tao ra do ot chay mot phan dau trong
va
+ Nguon chay kch thch bang ien, kh no hay t ong
+ C che: da vao tac ong lam giam , bay hi chat lu,
cracking
+ S dung 30% dau trong va lam nhien lu chay
Hieu suat phu thuoc:
Thanh phan va o bao hoa dau
ieu kien chay
ac tnh ac tnh tang cha
Phng phap nay hieu qua hn hi nong va co cac han che sau:
Khong n gian, chi ph cao
Kho kiem soat nhiet, gay h hong ximang, thanh he gieng
80M EF kh T0h Lkh
Do vu tro toong tuc gou CO

2
vu duo, CO
2
vu
nooc vu.
Noo qou trnh bom op u tron un th up sout to
thoo co khu nung tron un u nho nhut
CO
2
hou tun trong nooc, tung do nhot cou nooc,
d choyon qou cuc mung nooc buo boc xong qounh
got duo do toong tuc vo duo
om op cuc chut tron un tCO
2
, N
2
, LlC, ...)
dooc up dong nhoo bo nhong tnh nung oo vot,
duc bot u bom op CO
2
.
80M EF kh T0h Lkh
CO
2
hou tun trong duo um gun no duo, gum do
nhot duo.
So hou tun cou CO
2
trong nooc vu duo um gum
soc cung bo mut duo/nooc, duo/du, nooc/du
CO
2
u tuc nhun um tuc dong duo do trong o
rong gop got duo on kot vu chuy don gong khu
thuc.
6k6 Fh00h FhkF
lhoong phup tron un hon hop top xoc mot un.
lhoong phup tron un hon hop top xoc nhoo un.
- lhoong phup tron un CO
2
- lhoong phup bom xon ko not CO
2
vu not nooc
- lhoong phup bom bung kh khuc
Fh00h FhkF T0h Lkh h0h h0F TIEF X06 M0T Lkh
lhoong phup lCM tlrst - Contuct - Mscbo
lrocoss)
Chut oo dooc bom vuo tron un troc top vo duo
trong vu o doo kon nhot do vu up sout vu
Mot not nho hydrocurbon tkh hou ong LlC) dooc
go u not so cup chom khoung l0 - l5% tho tch
rong dooc bom vuo do duy duo
Not LlC nuy dooc duy bo mot tho tch on cou kh
ro ton hon vu co nong do motun cuo nho kh kho.
Fh00h FhkF T0h Lkh h0h h0F TIEF X06 hhIE0 Lkh
lhoong phup MCM tMotpo - Contuct - Mscbo
lrocoss)
Chut oo dooc bom op khong tron un vo duo trong
vu o un top xoc duo ton, mu pho thooc vuo hop
phun phu dooc bom vuo huy phu duo qou nhoo mut
top xoc gou cuc phu bon trong vu, vu thuy do kho
oong cou chong
Doo doo kon thoun o vo nhot do, up sout vu
thunh phun so tuo khu nung tron un gou phu duy vu
phu dooc duy tu cho
Fh00h FhkF T0h Lkh 60
Z
CO
2
ngoyon chut dooc bom vuo do hoy dong vu duy duo
trong vu.
Cou nhoo bo mut top xoc gou CO
2
vu phu duo, cuc
hydrocurbon co kho oong phun to trong bnh vu cuo b tuch
vuo phu kh guo CO
2
.
lhu kh nuy so dut to mot thunh phun mu co tho tron un vo
duo ngoyon thoy trong vu.
1u tho dom kho duo nuy, khu nung tron un so dut nhunh o
bo mut duy.
Do nhot cou CO
2
oc nuy u nho, 0.06 - 0.l cp.
lho thooc vuo nhot do vu up sout vu th duo so dooc duy
bo CO
2
.
80M XEh kE h0T 60
Z
Vk h0T h006
om kh xon ko nooc \AC t\utor - Atornutng -
Cus lrocoss)
om nooc vuo do gum do nhot toong do cou CO
2
vu kot qou u gum do nh dong cou no
lhoong phup \AC u phoong phup koo du nho
cuo CO
2
thoo tho gun
80M XEh kE h0T 60
Z
Vk h0T h006
Fh00h FhkF T0h Lkh h0h h0F TIEF X06 hhIE0 Lkh
lhoong phup MCM tMotpo - Contuct - Mscbo
lrocoss) so dong nhong kh N
2
, kh kho, kh guy
too gus) ttoong to nho CO
2
)
lhu co up sout tron un on hon kh dong CO
2
1hch hop vu suo no cun up sout cuo cun thot co
tho dut to do tron un mu khong um vo vu.
VkI T0 60k 60
Z
Lum gun no duo. Kh duo gun no so duy
nooc ru kho khong gun rong, um thunh dong
chuy munh, kot qou u um hot nooc trong cuc
ho co tnh dnh oot nooc
Lum gum do nhot duo. Cum ch con l/l0 don
l/l00 do nhot bun duo. Duo co do nhot cung on
th t o gum do nhot cung tung
o song vuo ngoon nung oong kh hou tun
1ung ho so tho ho duo.

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I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

38 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

39 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

Cac tnb cbat coa dao tbo

Cac tnb cbat coa nooc va

62 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

128 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

: Loo oong phu ong tS1/d)

132 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( . .

H S HON THIN GING

179 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

ho so unh hoong cou dong dch d choyon trong vu

336 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

(Q, P/Q): P/Q = a + bQ

349 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

+ 1u suo phu xo y nho toong duo-uxt o mo uch Ho

PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh 611

PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh 613

1hong ko qoy gong co up sout gou cuc cot ong chong

Ngoyon nhun guy nhom bun o mo uch Ho

638 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

tang lu lng khai thac tang, nhng do ton that

) can khong che ham lng nc

giam va lu lng tang len)

co the thay oi bang cac bien phap:

ap suat ay ong khai thac (N/m

665 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

Lu lng kh nn qua van gaslift c xc nh:

Do vu tro toong tuc gou CO

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