Fire and Gas System Engineering Performance Based Methods for Process Facilities

An essential and complete guide to fire and gas system engineering for process facilities using performance based methods including detector mapping with hands-on learning experiences! Includes comprehensive case study examples employing Kenexis Effigy FGS performance modeling software and in depth modeling demonstrations.

Course Instructors

Expert training on these vital issues:

Understand the scope of fire and gas engineering for process facilities and the myriad standards, regulations, and requirements Review the fire and gas system design methods and guidelines that are currently available including their strengths and limitations Understand the Safety Lifecycle (per IEC 61511 / ISA 84 and ISA TR84.00.07) and how they can provide a framework for functional safety of Fire and Gas Systems Learn how to identify and define the fire and gas zones along with the hazards contained in those zones. Understand quantitative consequences analysis and how it is employed in performance-based fire and gas system engineering Analyze the impact on overall risk of the consequence scenario and the beneficial effect of fire and gas systems using consequence integration and event tree analysis Apply statistical analysis, industry databases and data integration techniques to assess the likelihood of fire and gas system relevant events Assess the tolerability of the risk posed by a process facility before and after application of fire and gas detection and suppression systems using risk integration techniques Experience the strengths and limitations of the technology options for fire and gas detection sensors through live fire demonstrations Apply fire detection coverage mapping and gas detection coverage hand-on using the Kenexis Effigy FGS system performance assessment tool Determine the impact of the probability of failure on demand of fire and gas system equipment on the overall risk profile of a process facility Understand the impact of mitigating the magnitude of consequences of fire and gas release events on the overall process plant risk and the difference between prevention and mitigation

Mr. Kevin J. Mitchell, PE Vice President and COO

Mr. Edward M. Marszal, PE President and CEO Mr. Sean Cunningham Staff Engineer FGS Services Leader Mr. Jeff Grunschel Staff Engineer and Effigy Development Team Leader

Kenexis is an engineering and consulting firm specializing in the application

Kenexis

of instrumented safeguards, such as fire and gas systems, to the process industries. Our years of experience give us unparalleled insight into specifying and verifying the safety requirements of a wide range of processes.

Training Course Overview

Fire and gas detection and suppression system design has long been unsatisfactory due to its nature of being rule of thumb and experience oriented without any real ability to quantify. This has resulted in systems that are either overdesigned or underdesigned. The advent of the IEC 61511 (ISA 84) standard caused people to start thinking quantitatively, but failed to solve the fire and gas problem because it was not comprehensive enough to consider the real problem, detector coverage. Only after the ISA TR 84.00.07, was a comprehensive framework for performance-based fire and gas design established. This course describes the techniques recommended in the technical report, along with hands-on use of the techniques and associated software tools. This course was designed for all audiences, ranging from a one-day overview of the topic to a full five-day comprehensive master class. The one day OVERVIEW course provides high level decision makers and users of FGS with a basic understanding of design techniques, the STANDARD course provides in depth instruction along with application exercises, and the COMPREHENSIVE course combines the detail of the standard course with a comprehensive case study that involves employing the Kenexis Effigy software to develop a complete performance-based design for a sample oil and gas production facility. This course is part of the core curriculum required to allow you to become a Kenexis certified user of the Effigy software platform for fire and gas system design.

Section 3 The FGS Design Lifecycle

u Introduction to performance-based fire and gas system (FGS) design techniques as defined in ISA TR84.00.07 u Discussion of the steps required for compliance with the FGS lifecycle and options for implementation u Discussion of the performance metrics for performancebased FGS design Detector coverage and Safety Availability u Comparison of fully quantitative and semi-quantitative design options STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise in defining the structure and content of the various FGS lifecycle steps.

Section 4 Identifying and Defining Zones

u Explanation of the basis of division of plants into fire and gas zones u Definition of zone attributes and documentation requirements u Classification of zones based on usages and risk-based zone grading u Discussion of design intent of system zones, such as area coverage and hazard segregation STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise regarding the identification and definition fire zones COMPREHENSIVE course also includes a workshop for zone definition for the Sample Plant, along with preparation of zone and fire grade drawings using Effigy

Section 1 Introduction and Scope

u Introduction to performance-based fire and gas system (FGS) design techniques u Goals to be achieved during the course u Limitations on the content of the course

Section 2 Overview of FGS Design Methods and Guidelines

u Fire alarm standards NFPA 72 and EN 54 u Limitations of the fire alarm standards with respect to gas release hazards, open areas, and process facilities u Functional safety standards IEC 61511/61508 and ISA 84 u Limitations of functional safety standards u Difficulty in assessing mitigative systems using existing standards u The ISA TR 84.00.07 technical report for extending IEC 61511 concepts to fire and gas detection and suppression systems STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise in matching strengths and limitations of common FGS standards

Section 5 Identify and Define Zone Hazards

u Overview of the hazards commonly encountered with typical process industry operations and equipment u Explanation of the Hazard Identification (HAZID) technique and its application to fire and gas studies u Discussion of documentation requirements u Explanation of how HAZID results may translate into multiple FGS functions for a single zone STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise on hazard identification COMPREHENSIVE course also includes a workshop hazard identification for the Sample Plant

Section 6 Consequence Analysis and Quantification

u Explanation of the range of incident outcomes that are likely to result from loss of containment in process facilities u Analysis of the parameters that impact consequence magnitude u Discussion of how consequence analysis results are incorporated into performance based FGS studies STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise regarding consequences types and their characteristics

Section 10 Fire and Gas Detector Technology Options

u Explanation of the various types of fire and gas detector technologies that are available u Review a variety of fire detection technology types, including UV, IR, Triple IR, UV/UR, CCTV, and non-optical devices such as fusible plugs and bimetallic heat detectors u Review of variety of gas detection technologies, including electrochemical cells, catalytic systems, and IR (point and open path) u Discussion of leak detection methods such as ultrasonic detectors STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise matching the strengths and limitations of various detector technologies and selecting the most appropriate detector for a given situation

Section 7 Consequence Integration / Event Tree Analysis

u Integration of multiple potential incident outcomes into a single risk metric u Event tree analysis fundamentals u Consequence mitigating factors and associated conditional probabilities u Calculating weighted average consequences STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise involving building and quantifying aspects of an event tree analysis COMPREHENSIVE course also includes development of an event tree analysis of the Sample Plant Case Study

Section 11 Fire Coverage Mapping

u Determination of the effectiveness of a fire detector array u Factors influencing coverage number of detectors, detector location and orientation, detector types u Review of the nomenclature for defining FGS performance and performance impacting attributes u Detector cone of vision and the impact of detector orientation u Modeling the impacts of obstructions to detector line of sight u Interpreting the results of fire mapping activities STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise involving the attributes of fire detection coverage COMPREHENSIVE course also includes development of fire coverage maps for the Sample Plant Case Study using the Effigy Software Tool

Section 8 Likelihood Analysis

u Quantification of consequence scenarios based on probabilistic techniques u Understanding leak rates and hole size distributions u Data Sources COMPREHENSIVE course also includes a workshop for the development of a comprehensive likelihood analysis for the for the Sample Plant Case Study

Section 12 Gas Coverage Mapping

u Determination of the effectiveness of a gas detector array u Consideration of detection concentration thresholds and cloud size of interest u Mapping of point detector grids and open path systems u Interpreting the results of gas mapping activities STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise involving the attributes of gas detection coverage COMPREHENSIVE course also includes development of gas coverage maps for the Sample Plant Case Study using the Effigy Software Tool

Section 9 Risk Integration and Tolerability Assessment

u Combining quantitative consequences with likelihood to develop overall risk metrics u Common risk representations geographic risk contours, individual risk of fatality, societal risk profiles u Common targets for tolerability of risk COMPREHENSIVE course also includes a workshop for the development of a geographic risk profile for the for the Sample Plant Case Study

Section 13 Fire and Gas System Reliability Considerations

u Explanation of FGS reliability metrics u Discussion of Safety Availability and the factors that impact the ability to achieve Safety Availability targets u Consideration of use of SIL targets including limitations of the SIL concept and the qualitative attributes of high SIL targets u Limitations of FGS to achieve high risk reduction targets regardless of the level of Safety Availability achieved STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses include an exercise regarding the attributes that affect fire and gas system reliability

IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS TO COURSE CONTENT!!!

u The course is primarily focused on the use of fire and gas detection systems in outdoor or semi-enclosed process areas. Details of fire alarm systems for occupied buildings are only discussed with regards to buildings that support the production facility, but are not comprehensive enough to cover any application for fire alarms to any commercial endeavor. For that we recommend NFPA 72 training from the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) u The course discusses quantitative consequence analysis, such as dispersion modeling, explosion modeling, and fire modeling, but does not provide specific details as to the techniques for performing these tasks. Prior to undertaking the comprehensive master class for Effigy User Certification you will be required to either take the Kenexis Chemical Process Quantitative Consequence Analysis (CPQCA) course, or approved* equivalent. u This course discusses how the unreliability (i.e., probability of failure on demand PFD) of a fire and gas loop impacts the overall effectiveness of a fire and gas strategy and the design factors that influence the PFD that is achieved by various design options, but this course does not provide comprehensive instruction on the methods for performing PFD calculations. Prior to undertaking the comprehensive master class for Effigy User Certification you will be required to take the Kenexis Safety Instrumented Systems Engineering Part 2 Conceptual Design Evaluation / SIL Verification course, or approved* equivalent. u This course discusses options for mitigating fire such as sprinklers, and chemical suppressant systems, but does not provide detailed instructions on the design of these systems. Design of sprinkler and fire suppressant systems is thoroughly documented in national and international standards such as those from the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), and detailed training on the implementation of those standards is available directly from those organizations.

Section 14 Mitigation Effectiveness Considerations

u Discussion of mitigative systems versus preventive systems u Explanation of common FGS final elements and actions and their limitations with respect to risk mitigation u Methods for quantifying imperfect mitigation actions u Statistical analysis of mitigation actions

Section 15 Incorporating FGS Risk Mitigation into Overall Risk

u Analyze the overall risk reduction provided by an FGS considering risk levels before and after FGS system implementation u Calculate risk metrics after implementation of FGS u Quantify the benefits provided by implementation of FGS systems u Compare mitigated risk metrics against tolerability of risk targets STANDARD AND COMPREHENSIVE courses also include an exercise involving integration of FGS mitigation into the overall plant risk profile COMPREHENSIVE course also includes development of geographic risk profiles before and after implementation of FGS for the Sample Plant Case Study using the Effigy Software Tool

Who Should Attend?

u Control Systems Engineers u Fire and Gas System Specialists u Process Safety Professionals u Engineering Management

Section 16 Summary
u Review of key concepts presented over the duration of the course

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