Gio trnh Microsoft Access

MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010

I.Khi nim : -Access l mt ngn ng lp trnh vit trn phn mm ca ngn ng Visual basic. access cung cp cho ngi dng cc tnh nng tnh ton h tr cho nhng thao tc thng k hoc x l. - C ch lu tr ca Access ch c mt file duy nht c lu tr di dng (*.accdb). +u im : Di chuyn n gin, bo mt tt +Khuyt im : Khi Database b hng th tt c cc d liu trong n s b mt theo. -Khi ng Start => Program => Microsoft Office =>Microsoft Access 2010 + Vo File -> New -> Blank database -> Chn biu tng Browse for a location to put your Database chn ni cn lu -> nhp tn CSDL ti File Name -> Create: Khi chng ta mun to mt CSDL trng + Vo File -> Open : Khi chng ta mun m mt tp tin CSDL Access c to trc . II.CC THNH PHN CHNH 1.File: 1.1. Open: cho php m thnh phn ch s dng. 1.2. Save as Database: Lu CSDL vi tn khc. 1.3. New: To mi mt CSDL. 1.4. Information about Tn CSDL( Compact & Repair : Nn v sa, Enycrypt With Password: Ci mt khu cho CSDL) 2.Home: s hin th thnh phn ca CSDL 2.1.Tables - Dng lu tr d liu 2.2.Queries -Cho php tng hp d liu t nhng bng ri rc nhau, cho php rt trch d liu theo mt iu kin no . 2.3. Froms - Mn hnh giao din l mt cng c chnh nhp d liu cho chng trnh 2.4.Reports - Xut cc kt xut ca chng trnh c th xut ra mn hnh, my in, tp tin 3.Create: To mt i tng 3.1.Tables : (Table, Table Design thit k bng, SharePoint Lists chia s danh sch im..)

3.2.Queries: (Query Wizard thit k truy vn bng trnh thng minh, Query Design thit k quy vn thng thng)

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Gio trnh Microsoft Access

3.3.Forms: (Form thit k t ng, Form Design thit k, Blank form : thit k thng thng, From Wizard : thit k t ng)

3.4.Reports :

3.5.Macros

3.6. External Data

3.7.Database Tools

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TABLE - BNG
I.Khi nim : L mng hai chiu bao gm nhiu ct v nhiu dng v mi ct cn c gi l field ( trng ,ct) Mi dng l mt mu tin gi l Record, Mi Table (Bng) ch cha thng tin thuc v n. Lu : cho vic qun l mt cch chnh xc th d liu trn cc mu tin khng c trng lp. Mun to c Table th trc tin phi to ra c cu trc ca n ( c ngha l ): a) M t c tn field b) M t c kiu d liu c) M t mt s thuc tnh km theo II.Cch to : Click chn Trang Create -> Table Design -> Thit k => Lu li III.Cu trc mt bng : 1.Field name Tn field: Chiu di ti a 64 k t Khng s dng du ting vit Khng s dng khong trng Khng s dng cc k t c bit 2.Data type Kiu d liu : Text : Lu tr d liu dng chui quy nh ti a 255 k t Number : Lu tr d liu dng s Date/Time : Lu tr d liu dang (DD/MM/YYYY) hoc (MM/DD/YYYY) Yes/No : Kiu d liu logic, lun l ch tr v hai gi tr duy nht m thi . yes/no Yes = True = On = -1 No = False = Off = 0 Memo : Dng chui ti a 65536 k t k c khong trng Ole object : Lu tr d liu l sn phm ca phn mm khc . Auto Number : Access s t ng m gi tr phn bit ti field . OLE/Object: Cha tp tin hnh nh, m thanh l sn phm ca mt ng dng khc. Description : Chui m t dng ch cho tn field 3.Lookup : -Display Control : Text box, Check box, List box, Combo box -Row Source Type : Table/Query, Value list, Field list

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-Row Source : Table/Query (tn bng), Value list : Lt; Mt. -Bound Column: Ch ra s ct ly tng ng vi dng chn (n l mt s nguyn t 1 n s ct ) +Column count : S ct +Column Width : nh rng ca cc ct trong list : 1; 2 +List Width :Cc con s cng dn trong Column width: 3 +List row :S dng d liu 4.Thuc tnh(Properties) : a) Kiu text : Field size :Khai bo chiu di ca chui d liu (bt buc phi c) Format : nh dng d liu > i thnh ch hoa < i thnh ch thng Input mask: Mt n nhp liu (Xem phn mt n nhp liu Input Mask) Caption :L chui dng thay th cho tn ca field ch open Required : Yes/No ( Yes bt buc nhp, No khng bt buc nhp ) b) Kiu Number : Field size (bt buc khai bo )
S nguyn

Byte 0 n 255 Interger 32768 n +32768 Long Interger 2,1 t n 2,1 t Single : 4 byte Double : 8 byte

S thc

-Format : Percent : % 0.1- 10% Standard :2,000.00 -Decimal places : Auto 2 s l -Caption : Ging kiu text -Dafault value: gi tr mc nh khi thm mi mu tin. -Required : Yes/No ( Yes bt buc nhp, No khng bt buc nhp ) -Validation Rule : Kim tra d liu khi nhp bn ngoi vo trong bng . -Validation text : Thng bo li khi nhp liu sai qui tt khai bo Validation Rule. -Allow Zero Length: Cho php hoc khng cho php chiu di ca chui rng. -Index : C ng d liu trn ct c sp xp theo th t tng hoc gim hay khng (No: Khng xp xp , Yes|Duplicate OK| : C sp xp v cc gi tr trn field c th trng nhau, Yes|No Duplicate | : C sp xp v cc gi tri trn field phi khc nhau ) c) Kiu Date/Time: Format : dd/mm/yyyy Input Mask :99/99/9999

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Short date format : dd/mm/yyyy Long date format nh dng Th hin Th d th hin Text > Lm thay i d liu thnh ch IN < Lm thay i d liu thnh ch thng @ D liu bt buc nhp & D liu khng bt buc nhp Number General Number ng s nhp Currency C phn cch phn ngn, s l chn $ ,1998.03 thm $ Euro Ging nh nh dng Currency, tuy 1,998.03 nhin s s dng k t Fixed C phn cch phn ngn v c lm 1,998.03 (2 s l ) trn, ph thuc vo v tr s l trong 1,998.0 (1 s l ) Decimal places Standard C phn cch phn ngn, s l 1,998.03 Percent D liu nhp c nhn (x) 100 v nhp 0.1 10% nh dng thm k t % Scientific Dng s khoa hc Nhp 50 -> 5.0E+01 Date/Time General Date Ngy gi u 4/3/04, 05:30:00 PM Long Date Th, Thng, Ngy, Nm Saturday, April 3, 2004 Medium Date Ngy- thng- nm 3-Apr-2004 Short Date Ngy- thng- nm 3/4/2004 Long Time Gi : Pht : giy AM/PM 5:30:22 PM Medium Time Gi : Pht AM/PM 5:30 PM Short Time Gi : Pht 5:30 Input Mask (Mt n nhp liu ) : Mt n nh dng d liu dng bc buc ngi s dng khi nhp d liu vo phi tun theo ng nh dng . K t ngha cho php nhp 0 K s 0 => 9, khng cho php nhp du vo 9 K s 0 => 9 v khong trng khng cho php nhp du # K s 0 => 9 v khong trng cho php nhp du L K t A => Z bt buc nhp d liu ? K t A => Z khng bt buc nhp d liu A K t v k s bt buc nhp d liu a K t v k s khng bt buc nhp d liu & Bt k mt k t no hoc khong trng bt buc nhp d liu C Bt k mt k t no hoc khong trng khng bt buc nhp d liu . , : ; Cc du phn cch s l , phn ngn, ngy gi, < Chuyn i chui d liu sang ch thng > Chuyn i chui d liu sang ch hoa (In)

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5.Kha chnh (Primary key) T mt hoc nhiu field trong 1 table m t c th phn bit nhng mu tin vi nhau th field c gi l kho chnh, khng c rng v khng trng nhau .

Cch to : B1: Chn nhng field lm kho chnh . B2: Click vo biu tng Primary Key trn thanh cng c Ch : Lun lun c mt kho chnh trong mt bng 6.To quan h gia cc bng (RelationShip) : Access l mt ngn ng lp trnh c thit k da trn m hnh d liu dng quan h . Cc loi quan h : Quan h 1-1 ng vi thng tin bn bng 1 (B1) th c mt thng tin bn bng 2 (B2) V d: Quan h gia gio vin ch nhim vi lp hc .
GVCN 1 1 LOPHOC

Quan h 1-n ng vi thng tin bng 1 (B1) th c nhiu thng tin bng 2 (B2)
KHOA 1 SINHVIEN

Cch to :

Bc 1: Vo Menu Database Tools => chn RelationShips =>Show Table => Chn nhng bng cn tham gia vo quan h => Add => Close Bc 2: -Xc nh Table quan h, thng tin quan h, thng tin mt nhiu. -Nm field thng tin bn u mt ko th trng khp vi field quan h bn u nhiu xut hin bng m t quan h sau.

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Enforce Referential Integrity : Cho php bt quy tt kim tra d liu . Cascade Update Related Fields :Khi thng tin bn u mt thay i nu chc nng ny c bt th nhng thng tin bn u nhiu s thay i theo. Cascade Delete Related Fields :Khi thng tin u mt b hu th nhng thng tin quan h u nhiu thay i theo . Bc 3: Sa dy quan h: Nhp Mouse phi tai dy quan h chn => Edit RelationShip =>OK Cc bc to mt Mdb B1: To cu trc cc bng (To bng-> Thuc tnh -> To kho => Lu li) B2: Thit lp quan h RelationShips B3: Nhp liu (D liu th nhp bng c s 1 trc ) 7.Mt s thao tc trn Table : a.Thao tc trn mn hnh thit k : -Chn dng : a con tr chut ra trc file sao cho con tr xut hin mi tn mu en. -Nhn Shift + Mouse nu chn nhiu dng tin tip nhau. -Nhn Ctrl + Mouse nu chn cc dng khng k nhau. -Di chuyn : Click mouse ti field cn di chuyn ri ko n vng tng ng v nh Mouse ra. -Xo :Chn field cn xo sau chn Delete . -Di chuyn tr nhn F6 trn bn phm. b.Thao tc trn mn hnh cp nht : -Cch nhp d liu :Nhp d liu thng tin bng u mt trc bng nhiu nhp sau. -nh dng Font ch :Vo Tools -> Options-> Datasheet -> Font nh font ch hoc format chn font c.Cht ct :Ci t chn cc ct cn cht Click mouse phi chn Freeze columns . Hu cht Click Mouse phi chn Unfreeze all columns. d.Tm kim : Open table -Edit -> find or Ctrl+f xut hin mn hnh tm kim (find what :, Look in :,Match :) e.Lc d liu :Record-> Filter Filter by Form : Lc theo biu mu

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Record -> Filter-> Filter by form Chn la cc ct cn lc trn gi tri Combo sau vo Filter -> Apply filter hoc Record / Apply filter. Filter by selection : Lc theo cc gi tr nh giu Chon gi tri cn lc trn bng Table vo Record - > Apply filter/sort Hu lc vo Record -> Remove filter/sort. Filter Excluding Selection:Lc theo ly phn khc . Ci t nh Filter by selection nhng kt qu tr v ngc li Filter by selection . Advanced filter/sort(Lc theo cch khc) : du (*) l k t i din cho mt nhm k t m khng quan tm. Du (?) l i din cho mt k t no . du (#) i kin cho mt k s . Lc d liu : Record filter/Advanced filter ti mn hnh lc nm fielf d liu trn bng rc mouse th trn dng filter.Ci t cc filter v nhng iu kin Record/Apply filter.

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QUERIES - TRUY VN
I.Khi nim : L mt cng c ca Access cung cp cho ngi dng nhm thm hu sa thng tin ca cc bng hoc tng hp nhng thng tin t cc bng ri rc thnh mt nhm thng tin c tnh cht thc t, theo nhng yu cu ti tng thi im cung cp cho ngi dng nhng tnh nng hi p hoc thng k tu theo yu cu mt cch nhanh chng. Cho php to lp cc ct, cng thc, t iu kin cho d liu hin th. II.Cc loi truy vn 1.Truy vn chn la (Select query): L loi truy vn thng thng cho php tng hp d liu v rt trch d liu tho iu kin. 2.Truy vn nhm (Total query): Cho php thc hin mt nhm thng tin thc t tha theo cc yu cu t cc bng (table) c s. S dng cc hm thng k tnh ton. 3.Truy vn to bng (Make table) :Cho ta mt bng d liu mi l s hnh thnh t kt qu ca mt truy vn select . Cc field v cu trc cc field d liu trong bng mi ny chnh l cc field d liu tham gia truy vn. 4.Truy vn thm (Append ): Cho php thm mi mt hoc nhiu dng thng tin vo trong mt hoc nhiu bng d liu c sn. 5.Truy vn cp nht (Update) : Cho php thay i mt hoc nhiu vng trong cc bng c sn nhng gi tr mi theo yu cu. 6.Truy vn xo (Delete): Cho php hu hng lot cc thng tin tho theo mt iu kin no . 7.Truy vn cho (Crosstab) :T mt d liu c trc trnh s lp i lp li ca mt s thng tin no Access cung cp cng c truy vn Crosstab nhm thc hin a thng tin trng lp th hin thnh dng . ly d liu ca mt thng tin no th hin cho ct. Giao nhau gia dng v ct s tr ra mt ct c ngha km theo, h tr nhng tnh cht thuc v thng k. 8. Tham s truy vn (Parameter ): l vng nh c my tnh cung cp cc tnh nng hoi p ti tng thi im khi thc thi truy vn gi tr do ngi s dng nhp t ngoi vo. 9. Truy vn con (Sub queries): Khi nhng yu cu c a ra m mt truy vn khng th gii quyt c, hay ni cch khc kt qu ca truy vn ny ph thuc vo kt qu ca mt truy vn khc III.TO TRUY VN BNG QBE (Query by Example) 1.Select queries (Truy vn chn la): L loi truy vn thng thng cho php tng hp d liu t cc bng tha iu kin. Cc bc to truy vn : Bc1: Chn Trang Create => Query Design => Show Table => Chn Bng => Add => Close

Chn Query Design thit k

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+Vng Data: a vo cc bng tham gia truy vn v gia cc bng ny phi c quan h vi nhau. +Field : Dng hin th cc thng tin trong truy vn v lp cc biu thc. +Table: L tn bng ng vi tn field c ly ti vng Data. +Sort : Acending sp xp d liu tng dn Decsending sp xp d liu gim dn +Criteria: dng ci t nhng iu kin lc d liu . Bc 2: Nm cc Field cn hin th ko th xung dng Field, lp cng thc v t iu kin d liu hin th. Bc 3: Ln Menu Query => Run (!) Cc Hm thng dng trong Access : Mt s hm ton t : So snh : &, >, >=, < , <=,= ,<> Tnh ton : +, -, *,^, /, \, Mod Lun l : Or, And, Not To mt ct d liu mi C php : Tn ct : Biu thc V d :Hoten: Hosv & & Tensv Hoten : Hosv & Space(1) & Tensv Thi gian: Date() => Ngy thng nm hin hnh Now() => Ngy thng nm hin hnh gi pht Day(field) => Ngy

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Month(field) => Thng Year(field) => Nm DateSerial (Y,M,D) tr v => D/M/Y Datediff(YYYY,field dng ngy,date()) V d : DateSerial (2003,12,15)=> 12/12/2003 Tuoi: Year(date())-Year(ngaysinh) Tuoi: Datediff(YYYY,Ngaysinh,Date()) Lun l : IIF(Biu thc logic ,Ga tri1,Ga tri2) V d :Phi : IIF(Phai=yes, Nam, N) Hm trch chui : Left(field,n) Trch k t bn tri Right(field,n) Trch k t bn phi Mid(field ,m,n) Trch ly k t gia Len(field ) m di k t Val(field) Chuyn k t s dng ch sang kiu s Ton t like: (Criteria) Like Chui * i din cho nhng k t ? i din cho mt k t Vd: like *I, like [a-m]*, like *n* Between : Ly gi tr trong khon (Criteria) C php : Between Gi tr1 and gi tr2 Tr v gi tr nm trong khong Gi tr 1 => gi tr 2 V d : Between 20 and 30, Between #01/01/1989# and #31/12/1989# Ch : Nu gi tr trong biu thc iu kin l chui th chui c t trong du , nu l ngy thng nm th # # , nu l kiu s th => S, nu Yes/No => Yes/No V d : Trn*; #12/03/2004#, 25000,Yes,No 2.Total Queries (Truy vn nhm): L loi truy vn c tnh cht thng k, dng cc hm thng k tnh ton tha iu kin: Cc bc to truy vn : Bc1: Chn Trang Create => Query Design => Show Table => Chn Bng => Add => Close

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Click vo biu tng du trn thanh cng c

Field : cha nhng field m bn lit k ging vi select Table : t ng hin th tn bng cha field dng field ging from. Sort : Ascending, Descending, Not short Show : hin th hoc khng hin th field . Criteria : t iu kin d liu hin th. Total : cc phng thc o Group by: khai bo cho field c gom nhm (khng tnh ton). o Count: m cc gi tr trong mt nhm. o Sum: cng li nhng s trong nhm. o Avg: tnh gi tr trung bnh trong nhm o Max: Tnh gi tr ln nht trong nhm o Min: Tnh gi tri nh nht trong nhm o Expression : khai bo khi dng cc hm tnh ton pha trn field. o Where : c khai bo khi mun field lm iu kin nhng khng hin th bng kt qu. Bc 2: Nm cc Field cn hin th ko th xung dng Field, lp cng thc tnh ton v t iu kin d liu hin th. Bc 3: Run (!) Hm tnh tng c iu kin

+ + + + + +

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SUM(IIF(iu kin ,[field],0))

Hm m c iu kin SUM(IIF(iu kin m,1,0))

Hm Format(Chui nh dng, Biu thc nh dng) V d: Format(1000000, #,###)=1000,000 S dng Top Value: Khi yu cu ly gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht. ta tin hnh to mt truy vn thng k theo yu cu. Sp xp trn vng thng k tng hoc gim dn vi yu cu thng k ln nht hay nh nht. Ti mc All Trn thanh cng c g 1 ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Make Table Query (Truy vn to bng): Dng truy vn ny cho php to mi mt bng d liu v bng ny c cu trc nh sau. Cc field ca n chnh l nhng field d liu tham gia vo trong truy vn v d liu n th hin s l kt qu ca truy vn select trn. Cc bc to truy vn :

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Bc 1: To mt truy vn hin th y thng tin t iu kin nu c. Bc 2: Trn Menu Query => Make Table

Nhp tn bng mi cn to ti Table Name: -Current Database => lu d liu ti Database hin hnh . -Another Database =>lu d liu ti Database khc =>OK Bc 3: Run (!) -You are about to paste ? row(s) into a new table => Yes 4.Append Query (Truy vn thm ): Cho php thm mt hoc nhiu dng thng tin tha iu kin. Thm mi 1 dng: Bc 1: Chn trang Create => Query Design => Show Table => Close -Trn Menu Query => Append

+Chn bng cn thm mi ti Table Name : -Current Database => lu d liu ti Database hin hnh . -Another Database =>lu d liu ti Database khc =>OK Bc 2: Gn gi tr cn thm mi ti dng filed, Ti dng Append To chn tn field tng ng

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Bc 3: Run (!) You are about to append 1 row(s) => Yes Thm nhiu dng: c s dng ly d liu t bng 1 thm vo bng 2 Cc field c thm vo phi c cng kiu d liu. Bc1: Chn trang Create => Query Design => Show Table =>chn bng Add => Close (Khng c a bng c thm mi ra vng Data tr trng hp c bic)

-Trn Menu Query => Append

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+Chn bng cn thm mi ti Table Name : -Current Database => lu d liu ti Database hin hnh . -Another Database =>lu d liu ti Database khc =>OK Bc 2: Gn gi tr, field, biu thc hoc tham s cn thm mi ti dng filed +Ti dng Append To chn tn field tng ng, t iu kin thm mi d liu.

Bc 3: Run (!)You are about to append ? row(s) => Yes 5.Update Query (Truy vn sa i) : Dng truy vn ny cho php tnh ton li hoc lm thay i cc gi tr ca mt hoc nhiu field trong cc bng c trc . Cc bc to truy vn: Bc 1: Chn Trang Create => Query Design => Show Table => Chn Bng cha Field cn cp nht => Add => Close -Trn Memu Query => Update

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Bc 2: Thit k: Nm Field cn cp nht ko th xung dng field. Ti dng Update to ca Field cn cp nht gn: gi tr, Field, biu thc hoc tham s. -t iu kin cp nht d liu (nu c), * Cc Field dng tnh ton ti dng Update to phi t trong du ngoc vung []. V d: [HOCBONG]+100000

Bc 3: Run(!) You are about to Update ? row (s) => Yes 6.Delete query (Truy vn xo): Truy vn ny cho php hu mt hoc nhiu dng thng tin tha theo yu cu do ngi dng a ra. Cc bc to truy vn: Bc 1: Chn Trang Create => Query Design => Show Table => Chn Bng cn xo => Add => Close -Trn Memu Query => Delete

Bc 2: Thit k: Nm du (*) trn bng Table cn xo ko th xung dng Field. t iu kin xo d liu.

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Bc 3: Run(!) You are about to Delete ? row(s) from the specified table => Yes 7.Crosstab query (Truy vn cho) Nhn nh: +D liu lm tiu ct ? (khi d liu trong bng table c a ln lm tiu ca tng ct) +D liu lm gi tr nm di d liu lm tiu ct ? +D liu lm tiu dng l cc field cn li ? Cc bc to truy vn: Bc 1: To mt truy vn hin th y d thng tin, t iu kin nu c. Trn Menu Query => Crosstab

Bc 2: Gii thch : dng Crosstab +Field d liu c chn lm tiu ct chn Column heading (s dng 1 ln duy nht) +Field d liu c lm gi tr chn Value (sum/count) s dng 1 ln duy nht. +Cc Field cn li chn Row heading -Trong query Crosstab lun lun tn ti 1 column hearding v mt value. c th c nhiu Rowheading -Dng total li value khng dng Group by m ch dng mt trong hai phng thc Sum/Count.

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Bc 3: Run(!) 8. Parameter Query (Truy vn Tham s): l vng nh ca my tnh cung cp cc tnh nng hi p ti tng thi im khi thc thi truy vn gi tr do ngi s dng nhp t ngoi vo. Cc bc to truy vn: Bc 1: To mt truy vn hin th y thng tin, t iu kin nu c. Bc 2: Ti dng Criteria ca Field c ch nh lm tham s: Nhp tham s c tn khc vi tn Field v phi t tham s trong du ngoc vung. Vd: [NHAPMAKHOA]

-Khai bo: Trn Menu Query => ParameterS Xut hin bng sau:

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-Ct Parameter: Tn ca tham s gan dng Criteria.

-Ct Data Type: Kiu d liu ca tham s -Yu cu: Xc nh s dng bao nhiu tham s +S dng tham s trong truy vn phi t trong du ngoc vung, khai bao trong Parameter khng c du ngoc vung. Tn khai bo trong vng Criteria phi ging vi tn khai bo trong Parameter.

Bc 3: Run(!) + S dng tham s cho vn thm mi: ....................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... + S dng tham s cho vn cp nht: ......................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

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9.Sub Query (Truy vn con ): Khi nhng yu cu c a ra m mt truy vn khng th thc hin c, hay ni cch khc kt qu ca truy vn ny ph thuc vo kt qu ca mt truy vn kia. +Cu truy vn con phi t trong du ngoc trn ( ) . +Kt qu vic tr v mt truy vn con khng bao gi vt qu mt field. +Phi c s tng thch d liu gia hai field: (Mnh where v field trong truy vn con) Mt s T Kha thuc v tp hp . Not in(cu lnh SQL) : Cha bao gi In (cu lnh SQL): c cha >all(cu lnh SQL), <all(cu lnh SQL), <>all(cu lnh SQL) Cc bc to truy vn: ................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... Hm Isnull(field):Yes => rng ,No => khng rng Lu : Nu d liu ly t hai bng tr ln m trong c mt bng khng c quan h vi cc bng khc th truy vn coi nh sai. 3.1.Mt s k nng thit k : +S dng Expression Build c con tr ti vng field mun thit k biu thc Build click vo biu tng ny trn thanh formatting toolbar Cch da d liu vo vng thit k . + Chn tn bng trn vng thit k Double Click trn bng khi bng chi tit i tng s xut hin tt c cc field d liu c trong bng c m trc . a field d liu vo vng thit k bng cch Double Click trn chi tit. + To thng k: Bt Total (View/Total hoc trn thanh Toolbar). + Ti li thit k QBE xut hin mt dng Total , nhng field no c tnh cht gom nhm th ci Group By, nhng field no c tnh cht thng k th ti hm c tn ca hm thng k.

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Thit k

Hm

nh th t quan h trong truy vn : +Mc nh trong Access mi quan h hai bng trong truy vn l mt quan h tng ng c ngha l ti mt thi im vic tng hp thng tin gia hai bng ch tng hp nhng thng tin m c hai bng u c . Tuy nhin trong Access cho php ngi dng nh li th t quan h trong truy vn nhm thc hin c cng vic th hin nhng thng tin bn cha(mt) c m bn con(nhiu) khng c . Lu : Vic nh li th t quan h trong truy vn ch c nh hng khi thc hin truy vn ny m thi . n s khng ph v cu trc ca Relationship. + ng dng : Thng k y thng tin ca bng u mt , lc c nhng thng tin bn u cha(mt) c m bn u con (nhiu) khng c . +Thao tc :Phi ang ng mn hnh thit k ca mt Query .chn vo dy quan h gia hai bng cn nh li (Ch nh li u tin bn u mt ) sau click mouse phi chn Join Properties. V d: Thay i tnh cht trong QBE To query : Makhoa,tenkhoa,tongsosv ly tt c nhng khoa cha c sinh vin . gm hai bng Khoa,Sinhvien -Click mouse phi ti dy quan h gia hai bn => Join properties Only quan h tng ng All khoa u tin cho khoa All sinhvien u tin cho sinhvin

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REPORTS - BO CO
I.Khi nim : chnh l nhng kt xut ca chng trnh (V d: ho n bn hng, phiu im ca sinh vin, ) . Access cung cp rt a dng trong vic thit k bo biu, vic thit k s rt n gin v giao din th rt p mt, ng thi xut ra mn hnh, my in, tp tin II.Cc dng bo co: 1) Bo co chi tit (Detail): D liu kt xut thng thng ch ly ra t mt bng Table m thi. a.Danh sch(Tabular) : Thng tin s th hin theo dng dng mi ct dng chn mt thng tin. b.Dng ct (Columner): Bo co s th hin nhiu ct , nhiu dng trn tng dng th hin tng nhiu khung , trn mi khung th hin mt thng tin. 2)Bo co tng hp : D liu kt xut thng thng l phc tp hn mt bng . a.Bo co phn nhm (Group): D liu kt xut l mch lc , bo co lc ny s c phn thnh nhiu nhm thng tin con ng vi mi nhm thng tin con d liu s khng b trng lp b.Thng k : Tng t nh Group by nhng c h tr thm thao tc thng k tnh ton. III.Cc thnh phn dao din thit k : 1.Formatting Toolbar :

-Cung cp nhng tnh nng thit k nhanh mt bo biu 2.Add Existing Field l : Th hin thng tin hin th ca bo co. 3.Properties Sheet: Cho php inh nhng thuc tnh cho cc i tng trn Report hoc nhng thuc tnh v report. 4.Toolbox : Select Control Text box Label Control Wizard

Select control :Chn cc i tng

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Control Wizard :H tr vic thit k t ng Label : Thit k ra cc nhn l nhng tiu . Text box :dng thit k nhng i tng hin th d liu . IV.Thit k bo co : 1.Nhn nh :S dng d liu no thng qua nhng field d liu trn bo co => Thit k mt truy vn. Lu : Nu trn bo co quan tm n nhng chi tit con tr truy vn khng bao gi c Group by . -Khi ti mi dng chi tit ca bo co m d liu c tnh cht thng k th Query ny ta c quyn Group by nhm thc hin thng k ngay ti Query. -Nhng thng k nm cui mt nhm thng tin trong bo co khng bao gi a n vo trong d liu ngun . ta s thc hin n khi thit k bo co. 2.Thit k bo co khng phn nhm: (Wizard) Bc 1: Chn trang Create =>Report Wizard -Chn bng hoc truy vn lm d liu ngun Ti Table or Query.

a cc field tham giao vo thit k

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Click cac ky hieu e a cac field qua lai

Cac field co trong bao cao

Click Next

Chn tt c cc field tham gia vo thit k

Chn Next

How do you want to view your data ? Chn tn bng hin th nhiu thng tin

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Chn tn bng cha nhiu Field

Next

C mun lng cc nhm hay khng ?

Next

-Chn Field cn sp xp

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Next

Bc 2: Chn dng Report hin th

Thay oi hng giay

Chon cach the hien cua cac field tren bao cao

Click Next tiep tuc

Bc 3: t tn cho Report

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=> Finish.

3.Thit k bo co c phn nhm (Wizard) -Nhn nh: Nhm trn thng tin g? C bao nhiu Field c ch nh lm phn nhm? Nhm trn thng tin m ? Tnh ton hay khng ? Bc 1: Chn Trang Create => Report Wizard Chn bng hay truy vn lm d liu ngun.

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Chon kieu bao cao

Chon d lieu lam bao cao

a cc thng tin vo thit k bo co

Click cac ky hieu e a cac field qua lai

Cac field co trong bao cao

Click Next

Chn tn bng hin th ton b thng tin

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Ton b Field d liu Chon bng cha nhiu Field d liu

Click Next

- Co muon long cac nhom khac khong ?

Cac field se nhom d lieu

Thay oi cac ky t nhom sau trc

Click Next tiep tuc

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-Chon ten Field muon c sap xep trong nhom bao cao

Field sap xep tang hoac giam Th t sap xep tang hoac giam

Tnh toan cac Field trong bao cao

Click Next tiep tuc

- Chon cach the hien cua Field tren bao cao va hng giay .

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Thay oi hng giay

Chon cach the hien cua cac field tren bao cao

Click Next tiep tuc

- Chon cac kieu the hien ch tieu e cho bao cao - at ten cho bao cao

Ghi tieu e

Chon Preview xem trc Chon Modify tr lai man hnh thiet ke Click Finish hoan tat bao cao

- Finish Chu y : Khi tao bao cao nhom bang cong cu Wizard, Chung ta can phai hieu ro tng bc thao tac . Khong can phai gom nhom d lieu trong Query. Cac field tnh toan se c tnh tren bao cao cung nh lam so th t

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V.Mt s k nng thit k : 1.Design

Sp xp d liu, bt u nhm cui nhm Thay i nn, mu, font Cho php xem hin th

i tng: 1 Chn, 2 Text, 3 Lable, 4 Nt lnh, 5 Mn hnh nhiu trang, 6 Lin kt, 7 Nhm, 8 PageBreak ngt trang, 9 Insert Image chn hnh

Page Numbers : nh s trang Logo : a logo trn bo co Title : To tiu cho bo co Date and Time : a ngy gi vo bo co Add Existing Fields : Lit k nhng field hin th trn bo co Property sheet : Thuc tnh ca i tng, bo co 2.Print Preview: Xut bo co ra ngoi mn hnh
Trang dc nh dng in

In ra my in

ng

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1Cch to s th t : Bc 1: To mt Textbox ti ni mun to STT

=1 Bc 2: G Bc 3: Click chut phi ngay ti textbox va to chn Properties Bc 4: Data -Control soure =1 -Running sum: None, Over all(Cha phn nhm) , Over group( phn nhm) 2.Du trng lp d liu : Bc 1: Sp xp i tng cn du Bc 2: Chn field cn du . nhp phi chut => Properties sheet=> Format => thuc tnh Hide duplicate => Yes (yes/no) 3. Sp xp d liu Bn chn Group & Sort

Hin th

Chn Add a Sort => Chn Field cn sp xp (with A on top: sp xp tng, with Z on top: sp xp gim) 4. Sa d liu ngun : +M ca s thuc tnh Report -> Properties Sheet => Data=> Record source : Tn truy vn hay cu lnh select. Click vo du ba chm -Truy vn chnh sa xut hin hi thoi chn Yes tin hnh a field d liu vo bo co. 5.To tiu ng: - K i tng Textbox vao v tr cn to tiu
= Danh Sch Sinh Vin & IIF(phai, Nam, N) & Khoa & Tenkh

6. K khung : -Rectangle -Line +Dng 1: C line phn cch ngang gia cc chi tit chn Rectangle k khung bao tt c i tng . +Dng 2: Chi tit khng c ng line phn cch ngang chon Line, k chi tit k mt line dc sao cho u trn st u di.

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7. To s trang Hm page : tr ra s trang Hm pages : tng s trang B1: To mt textbox ti v tr cn to s trang (Page hearder hoc Page footer) B2: = Trang & Page hoc = Trang & page & /& pages 8. Bt u nhm v cui nhm Bm chn Group & Sort

Hin th

Chn Add a group

Bm chn More

Sau bn chn with a header section u nhm, with a footer section cui nhm 9. Mt s hm thng k: -K i tng Textbox vo v tr u nhm hoc cui nhm cn tnh, s dng cc hm thng k sau: vd MASV header, MASV footer +Sum, Max, Min, Avg, Count C php : =Tn hm(Field) Vd: =avg(diem), sum(thanhtien), count(mamh)

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10. Ngt trang (pagebreak) + Click mouse phi ngay ti section (thnh phn) cn ngt trang (thng ngt group footer) Properties sheet => Selection type : section Chon Group footer cn ngt => Force new page Chn After section + Hoc k hiu trn thanh cng c 11. Mt s hm thng dng : DSUM([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) DMAX([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) DMIN([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) DAVG([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) DCOUNT([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) DLOOKUP([field], [Tn Table/Query], iu kin) V d: Dcount(Manv, [DMNV], Mato= & Mato & ) Gii thch :Field chnh l tn field d liu m ta mun thc hin tnh ton. Table/Query chnh l tn bng hay truy vn cha field mun tnh ton, iu kin l mt biu thc Logic tun th theo nguyn tc sau. +Chui: Field= & Field & +S : Field = & Field & Vd: Dcount([mamh], [ketqua], [masv]= & [sinhvien].[masv] & ) 12.Report Design: Report Header: xut hin duy nht ti u trang ca bo co. Report Footer : xut hin duy nht ti cui trang ca bo co. Page Header: Xut hin u mi trang ca bo co. Page Footer: Xut hin cui mi trang ca bo co. Group Header : Ch xut hin khi bo co nhm m thi. nhng g thit k trn n ch xut hin mt ln ti u mi nhm thng tin. Group Footer: Thit k nhng phn thng k cui nhm thng tin . Detail : Th hin thng tin Chi tit -Trong Detail khng bao gi cha Label -Trong Detail ch cha duy nht cc Textbox 13.To s th t trng lp - Xc nh thng tin cn du d liu trng lp? - Chn Add a group

Bt thm nhm th 2 m d liu cn du trung lp. +Ti Mamh Header k 1 textbox g Click Mouse phi chn Properties => =1 Data
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- Running Sum: Over Group - Other => Name : stt +To stt trng lp bng cch gn stt nhm Group Header xung vng Detail

=stt

14. Mt s k nng thit k : - Chn tng i tng ring l : Click tng i tng mun chn - Chn tt c cc i tng : Nhn phm Ctrl + A - Chn nhiu i tng cng lc : Nhn phm Shift trong khi click cc i tng - Thay i kch thc i tng: Chn i tng, a con tr vo cc cnh xut hin m tn hai chiu ( hoc chn i tng nhn phm shift kt hp vi 4 phm di chuyn) - Di chuyn cc i tng: chn i tng ri sau ua con tr vo cc cnh xut hin bn tay xe. Hoc bn tay ngn tr duy chuyn 1 i tng. Hoc s dng 4 phm di chuyn hoc Ctrl + 4 phm di chuyn di chuyn i tng. - Xa i tng: chn i tng sau 1 nhn phm delete

nh dng v canh ch

Mu nn v m vin khung

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FORM - BO BIU
I.Khi nim : L giao din giao tip ngi dng , giao din a d liu vo x l v hp thoi hi p ngi dng. II.Mn hnh nhp liu. 1.Column (Main) 2.Tabular (Danh mc) 3.DataSheet (Sub) III.Thit k bng Wizard: 1.Columnar: a.Chn b : -D liu ngun Table s thao tc n. -Xc nh i tng thao tc trn field no? b.Thit k: -Chn Trang From /New/From Wizard

-Sau chn bng lm d liu ngun.

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a cc field d liu m s thao tc trn form

Chn Next.

-Chn dng hin th ca From (Columnar, Tabular, Datasheet).

Chn dng hin th

Chn Next.

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t tn cho form

Chn Finish.

-t tn cho Form 2.Tabular, Datasheet : Thit k ging nh Columnar nhng ti bc chn dng hin th th ta chon Tabular hoc Datasheet. IV.Thit k bng Design : 1.Cc thnh phn : a.Menu: b.Formatting toolbar: c.Status: d.Toolbox: -Lable : -Textbox Cha ng gi tr tr v ca mt cng thc -Command button :s dng thi hnh mt lnh no hay 1 hnh ng no -Combo box : s dng to ra 1 hp lit k (Drop down) -Listbox : Ging nh combo box . -Check box : (True/false ) -Option button: (True/false) -Option Group S dng cha nhng chc nng chn la ti mt thi im ch c cho php chn mt trong nhng chc nng no m thi . cc chc nng chn la Check box, Option Button -Tab Control: Mn hnh nhiu trang -Select Control : Chn la cc i tng -Control Wizard : S dng thit k h tr ca my tnh. e.From Design : Mn hnh thit k From -From Header thit k tiu -Detail tt c (Cp nht) -From Footer : Thit k nt lnh.
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f.Field:Cha tt c cc field d liu c trong d liu ngun. g.Properties: Ca s thuc tnh ca form 2.Thit k : -Trang Create =>Form Design

Chn Property sheet chn ngun d liu cho form trong Data => Record Source: Chn bng hoc truy vn

Chn Add Existing Field a cc field vo thit k

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-Nm tt c cc field c trong Fieldlist a vo Detail ca vng thit k sau sp xp cc i tng trong Detail.

Lu Form 3.Thuc tnh bin c : Nhp Mouse phi ti gc tri ca ca s Form Chn Properties a.Format nh dng : Caption: l chui tiu s xut hin trong thanh tiu ca biu mu (form). Default view : Hin th mc nh. C ba dng hin th :-Single form : biu mu dng ct,Continous form : biu mu dng danh sch, Datasheet : biu mu dng bng d liu. Scrollbars: cc thanh cun s xut hin trong mn hnh ca biu mu ch hin th d liu. +Cc thanh cun c th l : -Horizoltal only : ch xut hin thanh cun dc. -Vertical only : Ch xut hin thanh cun ng -Both :xut hin c hai thanh cun -Neither :Khng cho xut hin thanh cun no c .

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Navigation Buttons: (Yes/No) Cc nt di chuyn Cho php hoc mt i thanh di chuyn qua li cc dng trn biu mu. cc nt ny gm c : u , trc , sau , cui, thm mi. Dividing lines: (Yes/No) ng phn cch To ra cc ng phn cch gia cc thnh phn trong biu mu. Min/Max Buttons: Cc nt phng to thu nh cho php th hin cc nt phng to hay thu nh Close Buttons: Nt ng biu mu c mun hin th nt ng ca s. Border Style: chn ch hin th (none, thin, sizable, dialog)

-Data: thuc tnh v d liu. Record source :Chnh l tn ca mt table hay query lm d liu ngun cho from. Allow Additions :Ngn chn thm mu tin khi ngi s dng Allow Edit : Ngn chn chnh sa mu tin Allow Delete : Ngn chn xo mu tin khi s dng b.Bin c : -M from : On Open=> On load => On Active => On Current -ng from: Unload=> Deactivate => On Close -Hin hnh: On Current -D liu i tng : Before update : n c xy ra trc khi d liu thm mi c ghi vo d liu ngun Apter update : n xy ra sau khi hon tt On change : khi d liu trn thay i . 3.Thit k from Main/sub: Chn b hai bng s thit k (Lu mi quan h 1-n).Cch To hai From -Cp nht cho bng u mt columner (Main) -Cp nht cho bng u nhiu Tabular hoc Datasheet (Sub) Bc 1: Thit k Form Main Dng Columner d liu ly duy nht 1 bng => Lu li Form Main.

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Bc 2: Thit k Form Sub dng Datasheet d liu ly 1 bng hoc nhiu bng. Nu ly t 2 bng tr ln th phi thit k 1 truy vn ly ton b thng tin bng nhiu trc, thiu mi ly bng khc.

=> Lu li Form Sub. Bc 3: M Form Main ch thit k (Design). Nm From sub ca s Database => Crack Mouse ko th vo vng Detail ca From Main sau sp xp.

Bc 4 :inh quan h gia main v sub - a con tr vo Form Sub xut hin bn tay xe, nhp Mouse phi chn Properties => data

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+Link Master Field : +Link Child Field :

EVENT PROCEDURE - TH TC BIN C

I-Khi nim : l nhng on lnh c ci t vo s kin (Event) khi s kin xy ra th chng trnh s ln lt thi hnh nhng on lnh pha trong. C php : Private sub Tn i tng _Tn s kin () < Cc lnh > End sub II- Cc s kin :(Bin c) o On click : Xy ra khi c s click chut trn i tng o On double click : Nhp dp chut Forcus (Con tr) o On got focus :Xy ra khi i tng ang nhn con tr
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o On lost focus :Xy ra khi m i tng mt con tr o On exit : Xy ra khi con tr thot khi i tng o On Apter update : Xy ra sau khi cp nht d liu xung bng o On Before update : Xy ra trc khi cp nht d liu xung bng i vi form o On open o On load xy ra khi m form o On unload xy ra khi ng form III- i tng Toolbox 1.Lable : a.Khi nim: Lable khng thao tc n d liu b.Thit k : K vo vng thit k c.Thuc tnh:Caption chui m lable s hin th. 2.Textbox: a.Khi nim : L mt control nhp liu thng qua n ta c th xem thng tin ca field, chnh sa hoc thm mi thng tin ca field hoc Cha ng gi tr tr v ca mt cng thc b.Thit k :K vo vng thit k Detail c.Thuc tnh: o Name :Tn i tng. o Control source :Field d liu m Text box thao tc n . o Enabled :Thuc tnh ngn cn i tng nhn mouse (Yes c nhn tr, No khng c nhn tr ) o Locked :Kho thng tin ca Text box (Yes kho, No khng kho ). d.Bin c :l nhng tao tc trn i tng thng qua vic s l mouse hoc bn phm o Nhn tr On click :T ng xy ra khi click rn i tng o Mt tr On Exit -> On Lost focus o Vo i tng On gotfocus o Thay i thng tin On change o Bn phm (On Keydown, On keyup, On keypress) 3.Command button : a.Khi nim :N l mt nt lnh cho php thit l ln n nhng on m Code nhm thc hin hng lot cc cng vic khi n click hot . b.Thuc tnh: o Name : bt u vi tin t Cmd_ o Visible: Yes/No (Yes c xut hin ch Open, No n khi ch Open) o Enabled : n khng mt nhng khng click hot c .ngn cn i tng nhn tr (Yes con tr cho php click hot , no khng cho php con tr click hot ). c.Bin c : o On click(default) bin c xy ra khi click ln command button o On got focus o On lost focus d.Thit k bng Wizard : Bt cng c Use Control Wizards - ch thit k Chn trang Design => Chn i tng => K vo form =>hnh ng cho nt lnh thi hnh.

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Categories: -Record Navigations: n l nhm lnh thao tc di chuyn mu tin . Actions: o Find Next : Tm tip o Find Record : Tm mu tin o Go to First Record : Di chuyn mu tin v u o Go to Last Record : Di chuyn mu tin v cui o Go to Next Record : Di chuyn mu tin v sau o Go to Previous Record : Di chuyn mu tin v trc -Record Operations :Thao tc n chuyn cp nht thng tin Actions: o Add new Record : thm mi o Delete Record : xo mu tin o Save Record : ghi mu tin o Undo Record : khng ghi mu tin - From Operations (s hot ng ca from): Actions: o Open from m from bt k o Close From ng from -Report operations (s hot ng ca Report): thao tc n Report (Open Report) Actions: o Preview Report : Xut bo co ra ngoi mn hnh o Print Report : Xut bo co ra my in o Sent Report to File : Xut bo co ra tp tin o Mail Report : xut bo co qua e mail -Application :Cho phpthi hnh mt ng dng. Actions: o Quit Application: ng ng dng 4.Combo box : s dng to ra mt hp lit k (Drop down) a.Cc thuc tnh Control source : Cha tn ca mt field c lu xung khi chn mt gi tr trong combo. C th khng khai bo control source nu khng mun lu xung bng Row source type: ( Value list, Table/Query, Field list) -Value list: c chn khi combo box lit k s dng cc gi tr t nhp vo row source . -Table/query: Nu gi tr trong combobox c ly t field( Row source : Select * from tn bng ) -Filelist: Gi tr trong combo c hin th l s dng tn bng vi field trong 1 table no (Row source tn bng ) Row Source: Ngun cho i tng combobox Column count :Khai bo s ct s hin th trong combo box Column width :Khai bo rng ca mi ct (nu mun n ct no th khai bo bng 0).

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List with: rng ca ct (Tng cng ca Column Width) Limit to list: Yes/No (Yes bc buc ngi dng ch c chn c trong ct Combobox m thi, No cho php nhp t ngoi vo ) Column hear: (Yes/no ) hin th tiu d liu . Bound column: l gi tr tr v khi ta chn trong combo box. b.Bin c : On click : click mouse trn ct Combobox On Got focus, On Lost focus,On Notlistinlist: ch hin th xy ra khi ngi dng a vo gi tr khng thuc v danh sch 5.Listbox : Ging nh combo box . 6.Option Group: S dng cha nhng chc nng chn la ti mt thi im ch c cho php chn mt trong nhng chc nng no m thi .cc chc nng chn la Check box, Option Button Check box : (True/false ) ,Option button: (True/false) 7.Tab control: a.Khi nim : L mt mn hnh nhiu trang c lng vo giao din nhm tng khng gian thit k trn mt giao din. b.Thit k :K giao din mt khung . c.Mt s lu v thit k : Trang c Click hot , value ca tng trang tr ra Tab control khi click hot . mang gi tr bao nhiu ? N s bin thin t con s 0 cho ti -1 Thuc tnh: -Caption : Chui hin th ti nhng th Tab control -Name : dng tri xut hay bit c trang no s click hot . -Tab Fixed Width: rng ca Caption Tn Tabcontrol.Value s (0-> -1) a cc control vo cho nhng trang : mun thao tc n trang no th click mouse trn trang a tab control vo thm 1 trang (Insert / Tab control page) Cch t tn cho mt i tng o Bc 1: Click mouse phi ngay ti i tng cn t tn -> Properties o Bc 2: Chn trang Orther => Name xc nh tn ca i tng. Quy tt t tn : Nu d liu l lable th tiu u ng l Lbl o i tng l textbox : Txt o i tng Command : Cmd o i tng Combo box : Cbo o i tng listbox : Lst o i tng Check box : Chk o i tng Option button : Opt o i tng Group : Fra 8.Mn hnh giao din :(Form) Chn trang Form => New => Design view To Proceduce (Th tc )

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B1: Click mouse phi ti ngay i tng cn vit code ( vd: Cmdnhan) B2: Properties -> Event B3: On click (Event Proceduce) sau khi click B4: hin th mn hnh c giao din View

VISUAL BASIC APPLICATION -NGN NG VBA

I.Khi nim:l mt nhnh h tr ca Visua basic cho php xy dng nn cc on code x l, gip cho vic x l chng trnh mt cch nhanh chng chnh xc. T ng h tr c php. Cung cp y cc thuc tnh trn i tng .Cho php thit k trn nhng on chng trnh con nhm thc hin hng lot tnh ton trung gian trc khi thc hin tnh ton kt qu. -Cho php to ra cc on chng trnh, cho php lp i lp li lin tc lu li vi mt tn no , khi chy chng trnh cn thao tc n gi n chng trnh ngi dng ch cn gi tn chng trnh m thi. D dng trong vn bo tr bo dng cc chng trnh. II.Thnh phn trong ngn ng VBA: 1.Bin:Thc cht l vng nh ca my tnh lu tr cc gi tr c tnh cht tm thi m thi. Thao tc vi bin thng thng s thng qua hai thao cc sau. Thao tc gn gi r (a gi tr mun lu tr vo vng nh) Truy xut bin (hi vng nh ang mang gi tr l bao nhiu) 2.Hng :L vng nh m n lu tr mt gi tr c inh m n khng bin thin theo thi gian. 3.Vng lp, cu trc lp : chnh l nhng khong dng ca chng trnh thc hin hng lot cc cng vic no , ri tin hnh cc cng vic k tip hoc cc r nhnh ca chng trnh nhm vic phn lung x l thng tin . 4.Chng trnh con : Ch l nhng on m lnh m c tnh cht s dng nhiu ln , th s khai bo nhng chng trnh con . th tc , hm. III.Khai bo thit k : 1.Bin : a.C php khai bo bin : Tm nh hng Tn bin as kiu bin b.Tm nh hng : o Dim (cc b) ch nh hng trn on chng trnh con hoc mt b m code m thi. o Public(ton cc) khai bo tm nh hng ton cc th vin dng chung c tm nh hng ton b Database. Dim / Public Tenbien as Kieu bien Tn bin thng thng l mt k t khng c cha cc k t c bit (* # <> + ) Kiu bin : Chui :String dng lu tr trong bin mt gi tr kiu chui. S :

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o Nguyn : Interger , Long o S thc : Single s thc nh , Double s thc ln. o Ngy thng : Date/Time o Variant : N s nhn vo mt gi tr bt k. i tng : o From th bin ny lu tr trong mt from o Control: lu tr c mt i tng thit k trn giao din. Truy xut n bin i tng . Nu 1 bin c khai bo pha trong 1 th tc no th n ch s dng c trong mt th tc no m thi . Nu 1 bin khai bo ti v tr trn cng ca mn hnh code (sau hai dng Option Database v Option Explicit) th bin ny c s dng cho tt c cc th tc trong bin tng minh l bin s dng c khai bo . Tools -> Option-> Editor -> Require Variable Declaration 2.Hng : a.Khi nim :Hng l mt vng nh lu tr mt gi tr c nh khng c tnh cht thay i theo thi gian. b.Khai bo: const : Tn hng [ as kiu ]= gi tr V d : Vbyes = 6, Vbno = 6 truy xut Vbyes => 6. 3. Cu trc lp : a.Khi nim: Chnh l nhng cu trc dng r nhnh x l chng trnh cung cp cho ngi lp trnh nhiu hng x l thng tin. b.Cc cu trc : Cu trc nu th Dng 1: If biu thc Logic then mt lnh n ( lnh n ny ch c thi hnh khi biu thc ng ) C php1 : If Biu thc iu kin then <cc lnh > End if V d: If Socong<0 then Exit Sub C php 2: If Biu thc iu kin 1 then <cc lnh 1 > elseif Biu thc iu kin 2 then <cc lnh 2 > else <cc lnh 3 > end if o Nhm lnh 1 c thi hnh khi diu kin 1 ng o Nhm lnh 2 c thi hnh khi diu kin 1 sai , iu kin 2 ng o Nhm lnh 3 c thi hnh khi diu kin 1 sai , iu kin 2 sai

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C php 3 : If <Biu thc iu kin 1> then <cc lnh 1> elseif <Biu thc iu kin 2> then <cc lnh 2> elseif <Biu thc iu kin 3> then <cc lnh 3> .... else <cc lnh n> end if Cu trc chn la : C php : Select case Bin Case ga tr 1 <Cc lnh 1> Case ga tr 2 <Cc lnh 2> ......... Case else <Cc lnh n> End select 4.Vng lp : a.Khi nim :Chng qua l cu trc dng to ra nhng khong dng ca chng trnh nhm thc hin nhnh chng trnh ri thc hin cng vic k tip. b.Cc loi vng lp : Vng lp xc nh l loi vng lp m ta bit c s ln s lp. Cu trc : For I = gi tr 1 to gi tr n Nhm lnh Next I (Vng lp s bc tnh xc inh bng s nguyn ) Tng phn t cha trong tp hp no For Each dt in Tp hp Nhm lnh i tng Next dt V d : Tng cc s t 1 n 100 Public Sub Tinh() Dim i As Integer Dim Tong As Long For i = 1 To 100 Tong = Tong + i Next i End Sub

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V d: Cmdtiep_click() Dim dt as control, Frm as form For each dt in frm.controls If type of dt in textbox then Dt= End if Next V d :Th tc kho d liu Public Sub Khoadl(khoa As Boolean) Dim Dt As Control For Each Dt In Me.Controls If Dt.Tag <> "" Then Dt.Locked = khoa End If Next End Sub Khng xc nh: Khng bit trc s ln s lp m n tu thuc vo mt iu kin no thc hin s lp Do While iu kin Lnh thi hnh Loop (Lp trong khi iu kin ng ) 5.Mng : a.Khi nim:Khi cn khai bo hng lot cc bin c cng kiu cng tn Access cung cp cho ngi dng cng c mng khai bo ti mt thi im mun truy xut mt gi tr no hoc gn gi tr ngi dng ch cn da trn Index ca mng m thi . b.Phn t ca mng thng bt u phn t khng tuy nhin ta cng c th khai bo n t mt phn t bt k hoc khng khai bo s phn t . c.Khai bo : Cch 1: Dim/Public Tn mng ( s phn t ) as Kiu mng V d: Dim Mang (5) as Interger 1 0 6 1 9 2 12 3 7 4 8 5

Mang(0) = 1 7 0 6 1 9 2 12 3 7 4 8 5

? Mang(3)=12

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Cch 2: Dim/Public Tn mng (Ch s 1 to ch s n) as Kiu mng V d: dim Mang (1 to 5) as Interger 7 1 9 2 10 3 15 4 20 5

IV-Mn hnh giao din 1.X l: Bc1: To main Form (khng ngun) gm : Trang Create => Form Design K 1 Combobox hoc Listbox hoc Textbox

Bc 2: Ly ngun cho combobox Rowsource : select * form Tn bng Column count :2 Bc 3: Ngay ti text box -Dng Dlookup(Tn field, Tn bng, Tn field= & iu kin & ) -Dng truy xut =combox.column(1) Bc 4: To sub form (datasheet)

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Bc 5: Nhng sub form vo main form

Bc 6 : Lin kt Link Child field : makh Link Master field :Cbokhoa

2.Cch truy xut n mt ct trong combobox hay listbox C php : =Tn combo.column(1) vi :n l s ct cn ly, n bt u bng 0 V d : =Makh.column(1)

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3.Cch truy xut n mt i tng trong sub C php: =Tn sub form.form![Tn i tng] Ti main form Truy xut n i tng di Sub =frmsub.form![Txt_ tn i tng truy xut n] 4.Cch truy xut n 1 d liu trn main form C php : = Formsub![tn main form]![tn i tng] Parent![tn i tng]

V.Th tc : 1Th tc bin c : a.Khi nim:N l nhng on m lnh c ci ln cc bin c ca i tng nhng m lnh c thi hnh khi bin c xy ra . bThnh phn: Private Sub Tn sub([Tham s]) Lnh End sub Tn sub l s kt hp gia tn i tng v bin c . Lu : ng vi mi bin c xy ra trn i tng ch thit k duy nht mt th tc trn n m thi. c.Khai bao : Cch 1 :Khai bo thng qua ca s thuc tnh ca i tng. Bc 1: M ca s thuc tnh cn thit k th tc bin c Bc 2: Click hot ti trang Ivent tm n bin c cn thit k th tc .Click vo du ba chm ti bin c .xut hin hp thoi sau. Bc 3: Chn Code Builder Bc 4: Xut hin trng ng dng mi Visua basic thit k m lnh trn bin c . Cch 2: Khai bo ti ca s Code -M ca s code vo View/Code -Combo tri lit k cc i tng control c trn from -Combo phi lit k cc bin c xy ra trn i tng ng vi i tng ang nm combo tri . -Nu cn khai bo th chn i tng Combo tri ri chn bin c combo phi . Lu : Cn kim tra ngay ca s thuc tnh va khai bo, xem xt ngay ti bin c c t Ivent Procedure hay khng . nu khng click vo du mi tn. d.Bin dch :Dng cho my t pht sinh ra c php b li. Menu/Deburge (Tn chng trnh km theo compile) 2.Th tc c tnh cht dng chung : - N l nhng on m lnh m vic gi thc thi cc on m lnh ny xy ra tht nhiu tng ng vi i tng khc nhau. Thng thng ngi ta thit k n l

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mt th tc dng chung hoc hm dng chung v t mt ni m tt c cc i tng u gi n c . Khai bo Module standard ( thit k mt th vin ti trang modules ) a.Cch thit k th vin : o Chn th Module chn New o Option Explicit click save th vin. b.Khai bo th tc : M th vin vo Insert / add Procedure Property th tc Function Hm Private Cc b trong module Public Ton cc Hot ng :Th tc hoc hm ny ch c thi hnh khi c vic gi n n thng qua nhng cch sau . o Call tn th tc ( tham s nu c ) o Tn th tc tham s nu c c.Khai bo hm : Hm cng ch l nhng on m lnh nhng ch thit k khi ngi dng quan tm n kt qu tr v ca on m lnh . V d: Hm tnh lng hoc hm Msgbox ca my tnh . Cu trc : Private/Public Function Ten ham ( tham so) as Kieu du lieu Lenh End Function Bin/control=Docso(so) Gi hm: Bin=Tn hm(tham s). d.Tham s chuyn:Chnh l nhng iu kin hoc gi tr a thm nhm cho on m lnh thc hin chnh xc cc cng vic no tu theo yu cu ngi dng. C php: Tn th tc /Hm ([Option] tham s 1 as kiu [,tham s 2 as kiu]) Tham s 1, tham s 2 n chnh l tn i din cho tham s phc v cho vic im lun cho on code khi on code ny c thi hnh th tng ng vi tham s i din s l nhng gi tr ch thc . Kiu :Chnh l kiu d liu m tham s c chuyn theo. Optional: T kho ny ng trc tham s no th s chuyn cng c m khng chuyn cng c. 3.Lnh Docmd (Do Command ) v cc hm thng dng : 3.1.Thng bo : Lnh : Msgbox Chui thng bo, , Tiu Hm : Thit k khi thng bo ra vn v cung co cho ngi dng nhiu hng x l thng tin. C php : Msgbox (Chui thng bo, Biu thc +Nt + Mc nh , Tiu )=Gi tr tr v.

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Biu thc : +VbCritical +VbQuestion +VbExclamation +VbInformation Nt : +VbYesno +VbOkcancel +VbYesNoCancel Mc nh : Default button (s) Gi tr : +Vb Ok +Vb Cancel +VbYes +VbNo 3.2.Nhp thng tin : Inputbox (Chui mch bo, Tiu ) V d: Dim bt as Variant Bt=Inputbox(Nhp gi tr cn tm) Masv.setfocus Docmd.FindRecord bt 3.3.Lnh gi t hp phm ra mn hnh Sendkeys Phm,Wail V d: SendKey {Esc},true Wait : true/false True cho thc hin phm nhn mi thc hin lnh khc . 3.4.S tp trung ca mt i tng : <Tn i tng>. Setfocus Khng c ci t vo bin c on load ca from. 3.5.Hnh ng lc d liu cho from: Tn from.Filter Field =gi tr 3.6.Requery : <Tn i tng>.Requery Cp nht d liu mi nht cho i tng . 3.7.Hm thng k c iu kin:

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Dcount(Tn field, [tn Table], iu kin) 3.8.Di chuyn mu tin Docmd.GotoRecord ,, Gi tr Gi tr : o AcnewRec: Thm mi mu tin trng o AcFirst : V mu tin u o AcNext : V mu tin k o AcLast : V mu tin cui o AcPrevious : V mu tin trc

3.9.Tm kim thng tin : Docmd.FindRecord.Findwhat,,true,,true Find what : gi tr tm V d:S dng tm kim m nhn vin Manv.Setfocus Docmd.findrecord.biu thc,, true,, true V d: Dim bt as Variant Bt=Inputbox(Nhp gi tr cn tm) Masv.setfocus Docmd.FindRecord bt 3.10.Hu d liu : C php: Docmd.Runcommand AcCmdDeleteRecord Runcommand n l mt nhm lnh nhng khng cho php a vo nhng tham s chi tit m tt c cc tham s u quan tm n i tng hin hnh. 3.11.Tt thng bo ca Access: c php: Docmd.Setwarnings False (True) 3.12.M ng mt giao din : C php: ng Docmd.Close[Object type,Object Name], C ch o Object Type : Table/From.. o Object Name : Tn i tng s ng o C ch : Saveyes/No M : Docmd.OpenFrom From name,[ch , trng thi ca Window,..,Open Argg]

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o From name: Tn from s tin hnh m d liu. o Filter: Lc d liu o Where condition : biu thc lc d liu ngun ca from . o Window mode : Add mode ch m from ch thm mi, Edit mode ch m from ch lit k . o Window stale : Normal ch bnh thng , Dialog ch c quyn khng cho php thao tc n from khc. o Me.Argg (Khi cn truy xut ) o 3.13.M Report : c php: Docmd.OpenReport Report Name, ch , b lc , iu kin lc -Ch : o AcDesign : Thit k o AcViewReview Xut ra mn hnh o AcNormal Da ra my in -B lc :Khng thit k -in kin lc :Biu thc chn gi tr ca Report v mt gi tri bn ngoi da vo. 3.14.Thc hin truy vn : c sn : Docmd.Open query Query name Thit k trc tip :Docmd.RumSQL cu lnh V d: docmd.RunSQL Delete* From chamcong where Manv= Froms!DMNV.Manv 3.15.Lu d liu C php: DoCmd.RunCommand acCmdSaveRecord Khi c vic di chuyn mu tin th Access t ng thc hin vic lu tr mu tin . 3.16.Khng lu d liu : C php: DoCmd.RunCommand acCmdUndo Lu :S thc hin vic phc hi d liu khi khng b rng.

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