Bi tp Ha hc 11NC

CHNG 2: NIT-PHOTPHO
I.L THUYT
1.Hon thnh cc PTHH sau a.NH4NO2 ? +? b.? N2O+H2O c.(NH4)2SO4 +? ? + Na2SO4 +H2O d.? NH3 +CO2+H2O e.P + H2SO4 ? +? + ? f.P+ HNO3 + H2O ? + NO g.P + KClO3 ? + KCl g.N2->NH3->NO->NO2->HNO3->Cu(NO3)2->CuO->Cu->CuCl2->Cu(OH)2->[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 2.Lp PTHH cc phn ng sau a.Al+ HNO3l -> ? + NO+H2O b.Fe3O4+HNO3.n -> ? +NO2+ H2O c. M + HNO3l -> M(NO3)n + NxOy +H2O d.FexOy+HNO3 c -> 3.a.Phn bit cc kh O2;N2;H2S;Cl2 b.Nhn bit cc dd mt nhn sau 1.HNO3;HCl;H2SO4(1 ha cht) 2.NH4Cl;(NH4)2SO4;MgCl2;AlCl3(1 ha cht) 3.Na2SO4;NaNO3;Na2S;Na3PO4 4.BaCl2;Ba(NO3)2;Ba(HCO3)2 5.NH4NO3;KNO3;(NH4)2SO4;K2SO4 6.KNO3;K2SO4;KCl;HCl;HNO3

II.BI TP DNG 1:TON HIU SUT

1/ Mt nguyn t R to hp cht kh hidro l RH3.Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 56,34% oxi v khi lng.R l aCl bScPd N 2/ Cho 1,12 lt kh NH3(ktc) tc dng vi 16 gam CuO nung nng.Sau phn ng cn li cht rn X(cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)Th tch HCl 0,5 M cn phn ng hon ton viX l a500ml b 600ml c 250 ml d 350ml 3/ Tng th tch H2;N2 cn iu ch 51kg NH3 bit hiu sut phn ng t 25% l a537,6 lt b403,2 ltc716,8 ltd134,4 lt 4/ Th tch O2(ktc) cn t chy ht 6,8g NH3 to thnh kh NO;H2O l a16,8 lt b13,44 lt c8,96 lt d11,2 lt 5/ iu ch HNO3 t 17 tn NH3 .Xem ton b qu trnh iu ch c hiu sut 80% th lng dung dch HNO3 63% thu c l a 100 tn b 80 tn c 120 tn d 60 tn 6/ Cho 4 lt N2;14 lt H2 vo bnh phn ng hn hp thu c sau phn ng c th tch 16,4 lt (ktc).Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l a 50% b 20% c 80% d 30% 7/ Cho 30 lt N2;30 lt N2 trong iu kin thch hp s to ra th tch NH3(ktc) khi hiu sut phn ng t 30% l a 16 lt b 20 lt c 6 lt d 10 lt 8/ T 34 tn NH3 sn xut 160 tn HNO3 63%.Hiu sut ca phn ng iu ch HNO3 la 80% b50% c60%d 85% 9/ T 100 mol NH3 c th iu ch ra bao nhiu mol HNO3 theo qui trnh cng nghip vi hiu sut 80%? A. 100 mol B. 80 mol. C. 66,67 mol. D. 120 mol.

DNG 2:THNH PHN HN HP MUI TRONG PHN NG N BAZO V A AXIT

10/ t chy hon ton 6,2g P trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 32% va to ra mui Na2HPO4. Khi lng dung dch NaOH dng l : a 50g b 200g c 150g d 100g 11/ Trn ln 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vi 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5 M .Mui to thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng . a NaH2PO4 , Na2HPO4 b Na2HPO4, Na3PO4c NaH2PO4 , Na3PO4 d Na3PO4 12/ thu c mui pht pht trung ho cn Vml dung dch NaOH 1,00 M cho tc dng vi 50,0 ml dung dch H 3PO4 0,50 M .V c gi tr . a 50 ml b 25 ml c 100 ml d 75 ml 13/ Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch H3PO4 1,5M.Mui to thnh c khi lng tng ng l a 14,2g Na2HPO4;32,8gNa3PO4 b 24,0g NaH2PO4;14,2g Na2HPO4 c 12,0g NaH2PO4;28,4gNa2HPO4 d 28,4g Na2HPO4;16,4gNa3PO4 14/ Cho 44g NaOH vo dung dch cha 39,2g H3PO4.C cn thu c mui no v khi lng bao nhiu? a Na2HPO4 14gbNaH2PO4 14,2g;Na2HPO4 49,2gcNa3PO4 49,2g;Na2HPO4 14,2 g dNa3PO4 50g 15/ Cho 14,2g P tc dng hon ton vi O2.Sau cho ton b lng P2O5 ha tan vo 80ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28g/ml).Tnh C% ca dung dch mui sau phn ng a NaH2PO4 14,68%;Na2HPO4 26,06% b Kt qu khc c Na3PO4 20%dNa3PO430%;NaH2PO4 20%

DNG 3.NHIT PHN MUI NITRAT

16/ Nung 1 lng xc nh mui Cu(NO3)2.Sau mt thi gian dng li ngui ri em cn thy khi lng gim 54gam.S mol kh thot ra trong qu trnh l a 0,25 mol b 1 mol c 0,5mol d 2mol 17/ un nng 66,2 gam Pb(NO3)2 sau phn ng thu c 55,4 gam cht rn.Hiu sut ca phn ng la50%b70%c80%d30% 18/ Nhit phn hon ton 9,4g mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4g oxit kim loi. Cng thc ca mui nitrat l : a Fe(NO3)3 b Al(NO3)3 c Cu(NO3)2 d Zn(NO3)3 19/ Ha tan ht 0,02 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Ag vo dung dch HNO3 c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X v nung n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn cn nngA. 8,56 gam.B. 4,84 gam. C. 5,08 gam. D. 3,60 gam

DNG 4:KIM LOI TC DNG VI HNO3(PP BO TON ELECTRON) 20/Cho 40,5 gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 10,08 lt (ktc) kh X (khng c sn phm kh no khc). Kh X l : ( cho Al = 27) A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. N2 21/ Cho m gam hn hp gm Cu;Zn;Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 1M long thu c dung dch X.C cn dung dch X thu c (m+62)gam mui nitrat.Th tch dung dch HCl dng l a 1 lt b 4 lt c 2 lt d 3 lt GV-L Th Ngc Hng

Bi tp Ha hc 11NC 22/ Cho 19,2 gam mt kim loi M tan hon ton trong HNO3 thu c 4,48 lt kh NO(ktc).M l aFebCu cZn d Mg 23/ Ha tan 4,59gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO;N2O.Hn kh ny c t khi so vi H2 l 16,75.Tnh th tch(ktc) mi kh c trong hn hp l a 3 lt ;0,3 lt b2,42 lt;0,14 lt c 3,2 lt;0,1 ltd3,4272 lt; 0,14336 lt 24/ Cho 29gam hn hp gm Al;Fe;Cu tc dng ht vi HNO3 thu c 0,672 lt kh NO(ktc).Tnh khi lng hn hp mui khan thu c sau phn ng a 29,00g b 36,00g c 29,44g d 36,44g 25/ Cho 26 gam Zn tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh NO;NO2(ktc) s mol HNO3 trong dung dch l a 1,2mol b 0,6mol c 0,4mol d 0,8mol 26/ Ha tan 10,8gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO;NO2.Hn kh ny c t khi so vi H2 l 19.Tnh th tch(ktc) mi kh trong hn hp kh l a cng 5,72 lt b 7 lt v 4 lt c 4 lt v 7 lt d cng 6,72 lt 27/ Cho 6,4 gam Cu tan hon ton vo 200ml dung dch HNO3 th gii phng hn hp kh gm NO;NO2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 18.Tnh CM ca dung dch HNO3 a 1,44M b 1M c 0,44M d 2,44M 28/ Ha tan ht 4,431gam hn hp Al;Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt hn hp 2 kh NO;N2O c khi lng 2,59gam.Phn trm v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp la20%;80% b13%;87% c12,8%;87,2%d 12%;88% 29/ Ha tan ht 16,2 gam Fe;Cu bng dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c 11,2 lt NO2(ktc).Hm lng Fe trong mu hp kim l a 46,6% b 52,6%/ c 28,8% d 71,3% 30/ Ha tan 62,1gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long c 16,8 lt hn hp kh X gm N2O;N2 .T khi X so vi H2 bng 17,2.Xc nh CTPT ca mui v V ca dung dch HNO3 2M dng bit ly d 25% so vi lng cn thit? a Cu(NO3)2; 5 lt b Zn(NO3)2; 5,35 lt c Fe(NO3)2; 6 lt d Al(NO3)3; 5,25 lt 31/ Ho tan 12,8gam kim loi X bng dung dch HNO3 c thu 8,96 lt (ktc) kh NO2. Tn ca X ho tr II l: a Mg b Fe c Zn d Cu 32/Cho 5,6 g Fe phn ng vi lng HNO3 long, d gii phng ra mt kh (khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh) c th tch iu kin chun l (Fe=56)A. 1,12 (l) B. 2,24 (l) C. 6,72(l) D. 4,48(l) 33/ Cho m (g) Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt ( ktc) NO v 2,24 lt (ktc) NO2. Gi tr ca m l (Cu=64)A. 8,00g B. 2.08gC. 0,16g D. 2,38g 34/ Ha tan ht 1,84 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong dung dch HNO 3 d thy thot ra 0,04 mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). S mol Fe, Mg trong hn hp ln lt l A. 0,02 mol v 0,03 mol. B. 0,03 mol v 0,02 mol. C. 0,03 mol v 0,03 mol. D. 0,01 mol v 0,01 mol. 35/Cho m (g) hn hp Fe v Cu tc dng ht vi 100 ml dung dch HNO 3 2,4M c nung nng thu c dung dch A v mt kh mu nu . C cn dung dch A thu c 10,48 g hn hp 2 mui khan. a, Tnh m (g) ? b, Cho 2 mui trong dng dch A tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH thu c kt ta ln nht, nh nht ? 36/ Ha tan hon ton 13 g mt kim loi R c ha tr khng i vo mt dung dch axit HNO 3 long d. Cho thm dung dch NaOH nng d vo dung dch sau phn ng th thy thot ra 1,12 lt mt cht kh (ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi R ?
III.TRC NGHIM 1/ nhit thng,nito phn ng c vi: a F2 b Pb c Li d Cl2 2/ Cc mui nitrat no sau khi nhit phn to ra sn phm:M(NO2 )n+ O2? a NaNO3;AuNO3;Hg(NO3)2bCa(NO3)2;Ba(NO3)2;Ni(NO3)2cLiNO3;NaNO3;KNO3 d KNO3;Cu(NO3)2;Ni(NO3)2 3/ Nguyn t nguyn t no c bn knh nh nht aGe(Z=32)bSi(Z=14) c As(Z=33) d P(Z=15) 4/ Ngi ta sn xut N2 trong cng nghip bng cch no sau? a Dng photpho t chy ht oxi khng kh b Chng ct phn on khng kh lng c Cho khng kh i qua bt ng nung nng d Nhit phn dung dch NH4NO2 bo ha 5/ Phn ng no sau chng minh NH3 c tnh bazo? a NH3+Cl->N2+HCl b NH3+O2->N2+H2O c NH3+HCl->NH4Cl d NH3->N2+H2 6/ Thuc n en l hn hp cc cht no sau? aKNO3;S b KClO3;C;S c KNO3;S;C d KClO3;C 7/ Bit tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t F;O;N;Cl.Cho bit phn t hp cht no sau y c lin kt phn cc mnh nht a NF3 b ClF c NCl3 d Cl2O 9/ P v P trng l 2 dng th hnh ca P nn ging nhau ch a T bc chy trong khng kh iu kin thng b Kh nng chay,kh bay hi c u c cu trc mng v cu trc polime d Tc dng vi kim loi hot ng to thnh photphua 10/ Cc mui nitrat no sau khi nhit phn to ra sn phm:M2On+NO2+O2? a Ca(NO3)2;Fe(NO3)2;Ni(NO3) 2bAl(NO3)3;Zn(NO3)2;Ni(NO3)2 cKNO3;Cu(NO3)2;Ni(NO3)2 dHg(NO3)2;Zn(NO3)2;Mn(NO3)2 11/ Trong hp cht ha hc s oxi ha ca nito thng c l

GV-L Th Ngc Hng

Bi tp Ha hc 11NC
a -3;+1;+2;+3;+4;+5 b +1;+2;+3;+4;+5 c +2;+3;+4;+5;+6 d +1;+2;+3;+4;+5;+6 12/ Phn ng sau ang trng thi cn bng:N2(k)+3H2(k)-><-2NH3(k) H=-92kJ.Tc ng khng lm thay i hng s cn bng l a cho cht xc tc b Cho thm H2 c thay i p sut d thay i nhit 13/ Cc tp hp ion no sau c th ng thi tn ti trong 1 dung dch? a Cu2+;Cl-;Na+;OH-;NO3-bNa+;Ca2+;Fe2+;NO3-;Cl-cFe2+;Cl-;K+;OH-;NO3-d NH4+;CO32-;HCO3-;OH-;Al3+ 14/ NH3 phn ng c vi nhm cht no sau(cc iu kin coi nh c )? a FeO;PbO;NaOH;H2SO4bO2;Cl2;CuO;HCl;AlCl3cCuO;KOH;HNO3;CuCl2 d Cl2;FeCl3;KOH;HCl 15/ Cho hn hp kh X gm N2;NO;NH3 hi nc i qua bnh cha P2O5 th cn li hn hp kh Y gm 2 kh l a N2;NO b NH3;hi H2O c NO;NH3 d N2;NH3 16/ Trong hp cht ha hc sau, hp cht no Nito c s oxi ha ca tiu? aNO2 b(NH4)2SO4c N2 dHNO2 17/ CTHH ca supephotphat kp l aCaHPO4 bCa(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4 cCa(H2PO4)2 d Ca3(PO4)2 18/ Axit nitric c nng phn ng c vi tt cc cc cht ca nhm no sau y? a Mg(OH)2;NH3;CO2;AubMg(OH)2;CuO;NH3;PtcCaO;NH3;Au;FeCl2dMg(OH)2;CuO;NH3;Ag 19/ Phn ng sau ang trng thi cn bng:N2(k)+3H2(k)-><-2NH3(k) H=-92kJ. thu c nhiu NH3 nn chn iu kin no?aNhit thp ;p sut caobNhit cao;p sut thpcNhit cao;p sut cao dNhit thp;p sut thp 20/ Phn ng no sau NO2 va l cht kh va l cht oxi haaNO2+NaOH->NaNO2+NaNO3+H2O b2NO2->N2O4 c Cu+HNO3->Cu(NO3)2+NO2+H2O d NO+O2->NO2 21/ Nito phn ng c vi nhm cc nguyn t no sau y to ra hp cht kh? aLi;H2;Al bO2;Ca;Mg cLi;Mg;Al dO2;H2 22/ sn xut HNO3 trong cng nghip cn qua cc giai on:1.Oxi ha NO;2.Cho NO2 tc dng vi H2O;3.Oxi ha NH3;4.Chun b hn hp NH3 v khng kh:5.Tng hp amoniac.Trong thc t th t thc hin cc giai on nh sau a 4-5-3-2-1 b 5-4-3-1-2 c 3-4-5-2-1 d 1-2-3-4-5 23/ NH3 c ln hi nc,lm th no thu c NH3 khan dng cht no ht nc? a KOH v CaO b P2O5 v KOH c Kt qu khc d H2SO4 c v CaO 24/ Cht no c th dng lm kh kh NH3? a CaO b P2O5 c CuSO4 d H2SO4 c 25/ Cho cc dung dch :(NH4)2SO4;NH4Cl;Al(NO3)3;Fe(NO3)2;Cu(NO3)2. phn bit cc dung dch trn ch dng 1 ha cht no sau? a Dung dch NH3 b Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c Dung dch KOH d Dung dch NaCl 26/ iu ch HNO3 trong phng th nghim cc ha cht cn dng l a Dung dch NaNO3;dung dch HCl c b Dung dch NaNO3;dung dch H2SO4 c c NaNO3 tinh th;dung dch H2SO4 c d NaNO3 tinh th;dung dch HCl c 27/ Cht no sau dy tan c trong dung dch NH3? a Al(OH)3 b b,c ng c Zn(OH)2d CO2 28/ Hy ch ra mnh khng ng trong cc cu sau a P trng hot ng hn P b P to c nhiu oxit hn nito c C th bo qun P trng trong nc d H3PO4 khng c tnh oxi ha 29/ Dung dch (NH4)2SO4 lm qu tm chuyn sang mu a kt qu khc b tm c xanh d 30/ Cho s phn ng:Mg+HNO3 rt long->X+Y+Z.Bit Y+NaOH->Kh c mi khai.Vy X,Y,Z ln lt l a Mg(NO3)2;NO;H2ObMg(NO3)2;NO2;H2OcMg(NO3)2;N2;H2O d Mg(NO3)2;NH4NO3;H2O 31/ Cc mui nitrat no sau khi nhit phn to ra sn phm:M+NO2+O2? a AgNO3;Hg(NO3)2;NaNO3bLiNO3;Fe(NO3;2;Hg(NO3)2cKNO3;AuNO3;Hg(NO3)2 d AgNO3;AuNO3;Hg(NO3)2 32/ Mun xc nh s c mt ca ion NO3- trong dung dch mui nitrat ta cho dung dch mui ny tc dng vi a Ag;Cu b Cu c Cu; H2SO4 long d NH3 33/ C 4 dung dch trong 4 l mt nhn sau:amonisunfat;amoniclorua;natrisunfat;natrihidroxit.Ch dng 1 ha cht no sau c th nhn bit c cc dung dch mt nhn trn?aDung dch AgNO3bDung dch Ba(OH)2 cDung dch KOHdDung dch BaCl2 34/ to xp cho cc loi bnh,c th dng mui na sau y? a(NH4)3PO4 bNH4HCO3 cNaCl d CaCO3 35/ Cho hn hp gm FeS;Cu2S phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A chc chn c cha cc ion sau a Cu2+;Fe3+;S2b Cu2+;Fe3+;SO42c Cu+;Fe3+;SO42d Cu2+;Fe2+;SO4236/ Amophot (mt loi phn phc hp) c thnh phn ho hc l: A. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)3PO4.B. Ca(H2PO4)2.C. NH4H2PO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2. D. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4. 37/Sn phm phn ng nhit phn no sau y khng ng? A. NH4NO2

t0

N2 + 2H2O

B. NH4NO3

t0

NH3 + HNO3
0

C. NH4Cl NH3 + HCl D. NH4HCO3 NH3 + H2O + CO2 38/ Cho P2O5 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, ngi ta thu c mt dung dch gm 2 cht.Hai cht c th l: A. Na3PO4 v H3PO4.B. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4.C. NaH2PO4 v NaOH. D. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4. 39: Nhit phn hon ton cng s mol mi mui nitrat di y, mui sinh ra th tch O2 nh nht (trong cng iu kin) l A. AgNO3. B. Fe(NO3)3. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. KNO3. 40: Nhn xt no sau y l sai: A. Mui amoni tc dng vi dung dch kim nng gii phng kh NH3. B. Trong nc, mui amoni in li hon ton to ra mi trng axit. C. Tt c mui amoni u d tan trong nc.D. Mui amoni km bn nhit.

GV-L Th Ngc Hng

Bi tp Ha hc 11NC
41: phn bit cc dung dch ring bit ng trong cc l mt nhn: NH 4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, ZnCl2, BaCl2, FeCl2. Thuc th duy nht c th dng lA. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. dung dch CaCl2. D. qu tm. 42: Thi t t cho n d kh NH3 vo dung dch X th c hin tng: ban u xut hin kt ta, sau kt ta tan ht. Vy dung dch X cha hn hp:A. Al(NO3)3 v AgNO3. B. Al2(SO4)3 v ZnSO4.C. Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.D. CuCl2 v AlCl3. 43: Cho s phn ng: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O. Tng h s cn bng (l cc s nguyn ti gin) ca cc cht tham gia phn ng l:A. 13. B. 38. C. 46. D. 64. 44/ Hm lng nit trong loi phn m no sau y l nhiu nht .a (NH4)2 SO4 b (NH2)2CO c NH4NO3d Ca(NO3)2 45/ Axit phtphoric v axit nitric cng c phn ng vi nhm cht no sau : a KOH, K2O, NaHSO4, NH3b Na2SO4, NaOH, K2O, NH3c NaOH, Na2CO3, NaCl, MgOd NaOH, NH3, Na2CO3, MgO 46: Trn ln dung dch mui (NH4)2SO4 vi dung dch Ca(NO2)2 ri un nng th thu c kh X (sau khi loi b hi nc). X l A. NO B. N2 C. N2O D. NO2 47/.Cho 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion trong s cc ion sau: Ba2+, Al3+, Na+, Ag+, CO32-, NO3-, Cl-, SO42- . 4 dung dch l : a AgNO3, BaCl2, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3 b AgCl, Ba(NO3)2, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3 c AgNO3, BaCl2,Al2(CO3)3, Na2SO4 d Ag2CO3, Ba(NO3)2, Al2(SO4)3, NaNO3 48/. Nh t t dung dch n d dung dch NH3 vo dung dch ZnCl2 .Hin tng xy ra l : A. C kt ta xanh , sau kt ta tan to thnh dung dch xanh thm B.C kt ta trng , sau kt ta tan to thnh dung dch trong sut C.C kt ta xanh , sau kt ta tan to thnh dung dch trong sut D.Dung dch t xanh da tri chuyn qua xanh thm 49/: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng lA. 11. B. 10. C. 8. D. 9. 50: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l A. CuO. B. Al. C. Cu. D. Fe. 51: Cho s cc phn ng sau: Kh X + H2O dung dch X X + H2SO4 Y Y + NaOH X + Na2SO4 + H2O X + HNO3 Z Z T + H2O . X, Y, Z, T ln lt l : A. NH3 , (NH4)2SO4, N2, NH4NO3.B.NH3, (NH4)2SO4, N2, NH4NO2.C. NH3, (NH4)2SO4,NH4NO3, N2O.D. NH3, N2, NH4NO3, N2O 52/:Cho cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4; (NH4)2CO3 v dung dch NH3 long .Chn thuc th thch hp nhn ra cc dung dch trn A. dung dch H2SO4 B. dung dch HCl long C.Dung dch MgCl2 D. dung dch AlCl3

GV-L Th Ngc Hng