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Voltage Drop Calculations Report Narrative

The voltage drop across the cables in each circuit in the project NDIA CP-19 are calculated in AMTECH ProDesign by the current IFC documents and site engineers follow the circuiting and calculation indicated in this submittal . Lighting cable calculations were based on 3% volt drop constrain. There were a number of design and constructability issues that had to be overcome. Cable circuit lengths were long in car park areas, Electrical loads on some circuits were also high where both issues contributing to increased voltage drop and hence increased cable size. We capped the maximum lighting circuit cable size to 10 mm2 which is less than 40 % of cross section of 20mm conduit. In the majority of cases lighting circuits were broken down into sections per each fitting and some cases were broken down into two sections A&B, Part A of circuit comprises of the cable from the panel to the first light fitting and part B comprises of the remaining circuit to the final fitting, The philosophy was to restrict the loop between the fittings to the smallest cable size as possible, by increasing the home run size. We have attempted where possible to split circuits in excessively long cable runs , different control domain same circuit or site condition so we revised the panel schedule and shop drawing by red lining . The voltage drop calculations give the phase to neutral voltage drop for three-phase, three-phase and neutral, and single-phase circuits. In the case of three-phase and neutral circuits, the neutral current is determined by adding the complex phase currents, which for a balanced load condition (the same load current in each phase) will be zero. The voltage drop in each phase is then found by adding the complex sum of the phase and the neutral voltage drops. The impedance data used for the voltage drop calculations is taken from Tables 4D1B to 4L4B for the cable types listed in BS 7671:2008. For other types and for busbars, manufacturers data is used. The data used is the complex impedance (resistance and reactance) for the relevant type of circuit. For three-phase and three-phase and neutral circuits the tabulated values are divided by root 3 to obtain the per conductor impedances. The generalized formulae for the calculations are: Single-phase circuits: Vd1ph = {L x Ib x [Ct x cos (r1ph) + sin (x1ph)]} / 1000 For the cable has conductors of cross-section area 16 mm2 or less : Vd1ph = {L x Ib xCt x cos x Z } / 1000 Three-phase circuits: Vd1ph = {L x Ib x [Ct x cos (r3ph/3) + sin (x3ph/3)]} / 1000 For the cable has conductors of cross-section area 16 mm2 or less : Vd1ph = {L x Ib xCt x cos x Z 3ph/3 } / 1000 -- (4) --(3) -- (2) -- (1)

Where: Vd1ph L Ib cos r1ph, x1ph r3ph, x3ph Z = = = = phase to neutral voltage drop. the total circuit length. the design current. the load power factor. ; sin = sin (cos-1 ).

= the tabulated conductor resistance/reactance for single-phase circuits (mV/A/m). = the tabulated conductor resistance/reactance for three-phase circuits (mV/A/m).

= the tabulated conductor Impedance for single-phase circuits (mV/A/m). = the tabulated conductor Impedance for three-phase circuits (mV/A/m). = temperature correction factor, where: Ct = {230 + tp [Ca2Cg2 (Ib2/It2)](tp 30)}/(230 + tp) --(5)

Z 3ph Ct

tp = maximum normal operating temperature; Ca = ambient derating factor; Cg = grouping factor; Ib = design current; It = conductor tabulated rating.

Example: Voltage drop calculation by Equations.


Cable details and installed conditions:
Cable type: single core, 90 C thermoplastic , non-armoured Cu , Installation Method : In conduit in masonry. Ambient temperature = 30 C , length= 90 m.

Load conditions:
Design current Ib = 5 Amp; power factor PF= 0.9; single phase. Calculating voltage drop:

tp= 90 , Ca= Cg=1, Ib = 5 , L= 90 , cos = 0.9 , sin =0.436

Case 1: cable size 2.5 mm2 It= 31 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.81738 Z= 19 from table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 6.2897

Case 2: cable size 4 mm2 It= 42 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.815157 Z= 12 from table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 3.96166

Case 3: cable size 6 mm2 It= 54 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.8141 Z= 7.9 from table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 2.6047

Case 4: cable size 10 mm2 It= 75 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.81333 Z= 4.7 table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 1.54818

Case 5: cable size 16 mm2 It= 100 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.813 Z= 2.9 table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 0.95483

Design current Ib = 40 Amp; power factor PF= 0.9; single phase.

Case 6: cable size 16 mm2 It= 100 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.8425 Z= 2.9 table 4E1B, Using formula (2) Vd1ph= 7.91613

Case 7: cable size 25 mm2 It= 133 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.8294 r1ph, x1ph = 1.85/.31 table 4E1B, Using formula (1) Vd1ph= 5.458357

Design current Ib = 40 Amp; power factor PF= 0.9; three phase and neutral. Case 8: cable size 10 mm2 It= 66 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.88137 Z 3ph = 4 table 4E1B, Using formula (4) Vd1ph= 6.595

Case 9 : cable size 16 mm2 It= 88 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.8512 Z 3ph = 2.5 table 4E1B, Using formula (4) Vd1ph= 3.98097

Case 10: cable size 25 mm2 It= 117 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.8344 r3ph, x3ph = 1.6/.27 table 4E1B, Using formula (3) Vd1ph= 2.74199

Case 11: cable size 35 mm2 It= 144 from table 4E1A , using formula (5) Ct = 0.82697 r3ph, x3ph = 1.15/.25 table 4E1B, Using formula (3) Vd1ph= 2.005

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