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A magazine for public and institutional administrators Un magazine lintention des donneurs douvrage publics et institutionnels
Education projects zero in on 2030 Challenge Le milieu de lducation trace la voie pour relever le D 2030
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Linstitut royal darchitecture du Canada www.raic.org
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It has been long known that brick provides durability, energy efficiency and is maintenance free. The Belden Brick Company has been the industry leader in quality brick products for the last 125 years. Belden Brick offers the widest selection of brick products in the industry with a combination of more than 500 colors, textures, sizes and special shapes.
Publisher / diteur : Robert Phillips Project Manager / Directrice des travaux : Alana Place Executive Director / Directeur gnral : Jim McKee Editor / Rdactrice en chef : Sylvie Powell Editor / Rdactrice : Lisa Gordon Translator / Traductrice : France Jodoin Advertising Sales Manager / Directeur des ventes : Anook Commandeur Account Representatives / Reprsentants des ventes : Anook Commandeur Bill Biber Blair Van Camp Brenda Ezinicki Cheryll Oland Darryl Sawchuk Karen Donston Maria Antonation Ralph Herzberg Robyn Mourant Art Direction / Direction artistique : Sharon Lynne, Ravijot Singh Design Lead / Concepteur principal : Jatin Arora Layout & Design / Mise en page et conception graphique : Indrajit Mukherjee Published for / Publi pour le compte de : Architecture Canada 330-55 rue Murray Street Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5M3 (613) 241-3600 (613) 241-5750 www.raic.org Published by / Publi par :
A magazine for public and institutional administrators Un magazine lintention des donneurs douvrage publics et institutionnels
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Architecture Canada | RAIC the leading voice of architecture in Canada! Education projects zero in on 2030 Challenge Building on Ericksons green legacy Energy efficiency makes the grade Coal Age site spawns low-carbon centre Reducing costs through Good Design Index to Advertisers
on page 13 / la page 15
Architecture Canada | IRAC le principal porte-parole de larchitecture au Canada! Le milieu de lducation trace la voie pour relever le Dfi 2030 Sur les traces dErickson Une russite magistrale sur le plan de lefficacit nergtique Aucune mission de carbone sur un site du carbonifre Un bon design pour rduire les cots Index des annonceurs
Naylor (Canada), Inc. 100 Sutherland Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2W 3C7 (204) 947-0222 (204) 947-2047 www.naylor.com
On the cover / En page couverture : Simon Fraser University Arts and Social Sciences Complex / Le complexe des arts et des sciences sociales de lUniversit Simon Fraser Architect : Busby Perkins+Will Architects Co. Photo : Busby Perkins+Will Architects Co. For detailed information about the 2030 Challenge, please visit www.raic.org. Pour de plus amples renseignements sur le Dfi 2030, veuillez consulter le www.raic.org. www.raic.org / 2011
on page 17 / la page 19
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2011 Naylor (Canada), Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the publisher.
2011 Naylor (Canada), Inc. Tous droits rservs. Le contenu de cette publication ne peut tre reproduit, en tout ou en partie, de quelque faon que ce soit, sans la permission crite de lditeur.
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Paul E. Frank, FRAIC Atlantique Alexander Rankin, FRAIC Chancelier du Collge des fellows Kendra Schank Smith Prsidente, Conseil canadien des coles universitaires darchitecture W. Steve Boulton, MRAIC Conseiller reprsentant les stagiaires et architectes stagiaires
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Benefits include
For full members, the MRAIC (Member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada) and FRAIC (Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada) designations. Access to quality professional development programs, practice support documents, Architecture Canada | RAIC Committees and Working Groups, and international activities (such as Marmomacc and UIA Working Groups). A listing in both the national Architecture Canada | RAIC printed and online Member Directories. Monthly electronic Bulletin offering the latest information about the profession of architecture across Canada. Part of the mission of Architecture Canada | RAIC is the development of excellence and this is achieved through both Practice Support and Professional Development.
Vision
To build awareness and appreciation of the contribution of architecture to the physical well-being and cultural development of Canada.
Mission
To affirm that architecture matters; To celebrate the richness and diversity of architecture in Canada; and To support architects in achieving excellence. Architecture Canada | RAIC is the leading voice of architecture in Canada.
Practice Support
Architecture Canada | RAIC provides a variety of documents that help Architects in their day-to-day practices, including: The Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects (CHOP) Second Edition; Standard contract documents such as Document Six - the Canadian Standard Form of Agreement Between Client and Architect and other contract documents; The sale and distribution of industry documents prepared by the Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC), books and materials, and the National Master Specification.
Values
Integrity Architecture Canada | RAIC conducts all its activities with the highest ethical and professional standards; Environmental Responsibility Architecture Canada | RAIC actively promotes sustainable design and operates in the most environmentally sustainable manner possible; Inclusiveness Architecture Canada | RAIC acts as a rassembleur and all staff and programs operate to create and maintain a common ground for architecture students, intern architects, architects in practice, retired architects and professional organizations in Canada; Effectiveness Architecture Canada | RAIC programs are established with clear and measurable objectives that will bring benefit to members, enhance the profession of architecture, and improve the quality of the built environment in Canada.
Professional Development
Architecture Canada | RAIC is committed to producing a quality professional development program and to ensure, to the extent possible, that all courses receive credits from the provincial and territorial associations of Architects and from the American Institute of Architects.
A Greener Canada
Architecture Canada | RAIC has consistently led the charge toward a more sustainable built-environment incubating the establishment of the Canada Green Building Council; and developing the Sustainable Design for Canadian Buildings (SDCB) series for architects; emphasizing the importance of life-cycle costing and ways to educate building owners about the importance of long-term operating and maintenance costs in all management and design decisions. Architecture Canada | RAIC is part of the 2030 Challenge a global initiative calling for an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in all new buildings and major renovations. The goal is that by 2030 all new buildings and major renovations be carbon-neutral generating as much energy as they consume. www.raic.org
ARCHITECTURE CANADA 7
Membership
Members include Licensed (or Registered) Architects, Architectural graduates, Intern Architects or Interns, as well as full-time faculty members of a University School of Architecture. Architects who reside outside Canada can become International Associates. Architects who have graduated outside Canada and reside here in Canada may make a special application to be considered for full membership. A full-time student from an architectural program in a Canadian accredited University School of Architecture or in the Syllabus program can become a Student Associate. Also, those who are involved in the Design and Construction Industry and who are associated with the architectural profession can become Affiliates.
www.raic.org / 2011
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Vision
Faire mieux connatre et apprcier la contribution de larchitecture la prosprit matrielle et au dveloppement culturel du Canada.
Mission
Affirmer limportance de larchitecture; Clbrer la richesse et la diversit de larchitecture au Canada; Aider les architectes atteindre lexcellence. Architecture Canada | IRAC est le principal porte-parole de larchitecture au Canada.
Aide la pratique
Architecture Canada | IRAC offre divers documents conus pour aider les architectes dans lexercice quotidien de leur profession, notamment : e le Manuel canadien de pratique de larchitecture 2 dition; les documents contractuels normaliss, tels que le Document Six la formule canadienne normalise de contrat entre client et architecte et dautres types de documents contractuels; la vente et la distribution de documents de lindustrie prpars par le Comit canadien des documents de construction (CCDC), de livres et de divers autres documents, de mme que du Devis directeur national.
Valeurs
Intgrit Architecture Canada | IRAC mne toutes ses activits selon les normes thiques et professionnelles les plus leves; Responsabilit environnementale Architecture Canada | IRAC fait activement la promotion de la conception durable et exerce ses activits dans le plus grand respect possible de lenvironnement; Inclusivit Architecture Canada | IRAC agit comme un rassembleur. Tous les employs et les programmes visent en faire un lieu permanent de convergence pour les tudiants et les stagiaires en architecture, les architectes en exercice et les retraits ainsi que les organisations professionnelles au Canada; Efficacit les programmes sont conus et mis en uvre avec des objectifs clairs et mesurables. Ils procurent des avantages aux membres, valorisent la profession et amliorent la qualit de lenvironnement bti au Canada.
Perfectionnement professionnel
Architecture Canada | IRAC est dtermin laborer un programme de perfectionnement professionnel de qualit et assurer, dans la mesure du possible, que tous les cours offerts soient reconnus par les ordres provinciaux et territoriaux darchitectes, dans le cadre de leurs programmes de formation continue obligatoire, et par lAmerican Institute of Architects.
www.raic.org / 2011
Editorial
The 2030 Challenge is a plan of action to reduce the negative impact of buildings on the environment as aggressively and immediately as we can. It has evolved as a balance between reasonable financial investment in construction and technology and the motivation to create net zero energy buildings and environments. Architecture Canada | RAIC has been a strong advocate for energy conservation for decades, and endorsed the 2030 Challenge in November 2006. After years of RAIC effort that included nurturing the Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC), the Architecture Canada 2030 Committee is energized by the conservation activity in commercial buildings across this country. I personally have become wildly optimistic about the political and grassroots interest in net zero energy.
Sustainable design will be the legacy and evidence that Architecture matters. both today and well into the future.
Construction in Canada is going through a major transformation on many fronts. Buildings are being designed and built using new three-dimensional technologies and building teams of clients, contractors, engineers and architects are working more closely together than ever before. When we are planning net zero buildings and communities, we need the intellectual resources of everyone and it is not surprising that educational facility planners are leading the way in Canada. The folks planning and building educational institutions have figured out that it is a much better investment to build an excellent building than having to renovate one 30 years down the road. And they get that the savings over the life of the building more than make up for the investment in the planning stages. I am even more optimistic that in these buildings our future generations will be educated about our energy footprint and what sustainability really means. The Canada Green Building Council and the LEED program have significantly raised awareness and interest in the objective of sustainability. The CaGBC supports and promotes the project Living Building Challenge; this is an excellent confirmation that buildings must reduce their present 40 per cent energy footprint. With the support of the CaGBC and the Living Building Challenge, Architecture Canada 2030 will be advocating vigorously that buildings MUST consume 60 per cent less energy now and 100 per cent less by the year 2030. The graduated approach of Architecture 2030 appears to be both attainable and realistic and is being expanded to include the footprint of construction materials. Cheap oil and low energy costs are only reasons to postpone sustainability. We need to look at the energy and resource consumption of buildings over a more reasonable period of timesay 50 yearsto see that even at todays low energy costs it makes economic sense to consume 60 per cent less. The goal of the 2030 Challenge is to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions of new and renovated buildings as aggressively and immediately as we can. There are no certificates or points for compliance; simply a building that consumes significantly less energy. The process will surely bring a vision for carbon neutrality in 2030 and a deeper respect for the wonders of nature, like the Joggins fossil deposits. Sustainable design will be the legacy and evidence that Architecture matters. both today and well into the future.
The three educational projects in this magazine represent a fraction of the incredible work that is going on in Canada. In British Columbia we look at the fine example of Simon Fraser Universitys Arts and Social Sciences Complex (ASSC). The cole Lawrence Grassi School in the foothills at Canmore proves that conservation and good design thrive in Alberta. And the Joggins Fossil Centre demonstrates considerable respect for the Bay of Fundy landscape. The Canadian collective of forward thinking individuals that are planning schools, universities and other institutions are to be congratulated, and emulated; the future appears to be getting brighter.
10 ARCHITECTURE CANADA
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ditorial
Le Dfi 2030 est un plan daction visant rduire les rpercussions nfastes des btiments sur lenvironnement de la faon la plus nergique et la plus immdiate possible. Le dfi, qui visait dabord un quilibre entre un investissement financier raisonnable dans la construction et lutilisation de la technologie, a volu au fil du temps et vise maintenant la cration de btiments et de communauts consommation nergtique nette zro. Architecture Canada | IRAC est un fervent dfenseur de lconomie dnergie depuis des dcennies et a adhr au Dfi 2030 en novembre 2006. Aprs les annes defforts de lIRAC qui ont notamment amen lorganisme jouer un rle majeur dans la cration du Conseil du btiment durable du Canada (CBDCa), le Comit 2030 dArchitecture Canada est dynamis par lessor que prend lconomie dnergie dans les btiments commerciaux de tout le pays. Je suis pour ma part de plus en plus optimiste quant lintrt croissant des politiciens et des intervenants du domaine envers la consommation nergtique nette zro. Les trois projets vocation ducative prsents dans ce magazine ne reprsentent quun faible chantillon du travail incroyable qui saccomplit au Canada. Le pavillon des arts et des sciences sociales de lUniversit Fraser, en Colombie-Britannique, quant lui, allie beaut et technologie de pointe. Lcole Lawrence Grassi, dans les contreforts des Rocheuses, Canmore, prouve que lconomie dnergie et la bonne conception sont des notions bien acquises en Alberta. Le Joggins Fossil Centre fait preuve dun immense respect pour le paysage de la Baie de Fundy. Tous ces Canadiens avantgardistes qui planifient les coles, les universits et les autres tablissements dducation mritent quon les flicite et quon leur embote le pas; lavenir est prometteur. La construction subit une transformation majeure au Canada, et ce, sur bien des fronts. On utilise maintenant les technologies tridimensionnelles pour concevoir et construire les btiments et les quipes de projet sont formes de clients, dentrepreneurs, dingnieurs et darchitectes qui collaborent entre eux plus troitement que jamais. Pour planifier des btiments et des communauts consommation nergtique nette zro, il faut mettre les ressources intellectuelles de chacun en commun. Il nest pas tonnant que les planificateurs dtablissements dducation soient des chefs de file. Les responsables de la planification et de la construction dtablissements dducation ont dtermin quil tait plus rentable de construire un btiment dexcellente qualit ds le dpart que den construire un de moins bonne qualit auquel il faudrait apporter des rnovations majeures aprs 30 ans. Ils ralisent ainsi sur la dure de vie
La conception durable sera notre legs aux gnrations futures et la dmonstration que larchitecture, cest important aujourdhui et pour bien longtemps encore.
du btiment des conomies qui excdent linvestissement additionnel ltape de la planification. Je me rjouis de voir que nos prochaines gnrations tudieront dans ces tablissements et y seront sensibilises notre empreinte cologique et au sens rel de la durabilit. Le Conseil du btiment durable du Canada et le programme LEED ont fait mieux connatre lobjectif de la durabilit et ont suscit un vif intrt. Le CBDCa appuie et promeut le projet Living Building Challenge, ce qui vient confirmer que les btiments doivent rduire leur empreinte nergtique actuelle tablie 40 pour cent. Avec le soutien du CBDCa et du Living Building Challenge, le comit 2030 dArchitecture Canada entend faire valoir nergiquement que les btiments DOIVENT consommer 60 pour cent moins dnergie ds maintenant et 100 pour cent moins dici lanne 2030. Cette approche progressiste semble raliste et ralisable et on tend sa porte pour inclure lempreinte des matriaux de construction. Les faibles cots du ptrole et de lnergie ne sont que des prtextes pour reporter la durabilit. Nous devons examiner la consommation dnergie et de ressources des btiments sur une priode plus raisonnable 50 ans, par exemple pour voir que mme aux faibles cots de lnergie daujourdhui, il est conomiquement rentable de consommer 60 pour cent moins. Le but du Dfi 2030 est de rduire la consommation dnergie et les missions de carbone des btiments neufs et rnovs le plus vigoureusement et le plus rapidement possible. Latteinte de ce but nest pas rcompense par un certificat ni par des points, mais il en rsulte un btiment qui consomme beaucoup moins dnergie. Le processus permettra srement dentrevoir ce que sera la neutralit en carbone en 2030 et de mieux respecter les merveilles de la nature, comme les dpts fossilifres de Joggins. La conception durable sera notre legs aux gnrations futures et la dmonstration que larchitecture, cest important aujourdhui et pour bien longtemps encore
ARCHITECTURE CANADA 11
www.raic.org / 2011
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From the time he was a little boy growing up in Vancouver, David Dove, MRAIC wanted to be an architect, just like one of his early hometown heroes, the legendary Arthur Erickson. But Dove never imagined that he would one day be building on the award-winning design that first brought the late Erickson international acclaim. Completed in 2008, the Simon Fraser University (SFU) Arts and Social Sciences Complex (ASSC) designed by Busby Perkins+Will consists of two phases: Saywell Hall, which is home to archaeology, criminology, clinical psychology, First Nations studies and the Centre for Forensic Research, and Blusson Hall, which houses the new Faculty of Health Sciences. Both C-shaped buildings book-end one another and form a large, landscaped courtyard that fosters interaction. The solar shading strategy used by Erickson on the original buildings, such as the Academic Quadrangle (AQ) and repetitive vertical concrete blades, have been reinterpreted on the ASSC with vertical glass shades. However, with Blusson Hall and Saywell Hall, the strategies are different
continued on page 14
All public circulation zones have floor-to-ceiling glass on one side at a minimum.
www.raic.org / 2011
ARCHITECTURE CANADA 13
Daylight-Friendly Design
on each elevation in response to the individual faades solar orientation. On the south side of both buildings, cantilevered concrete sunshades exist on each floor; as they step up the building they cantilever as a further nod to how Erickson massed the AQ, with the upper floors cantilevering past the floor below to provide shading of the lower floor. Theres also plenty of daylight for indoor spaces, including wet laboratories, which are traditionally closed environments. All public circulation zones have floor-to-ceiling glass on one side at a minimum. But to prevent
overheating inside when its hot outside, fritted glass is used in combination with horizontal external sunshades to reduce the internal heat gain by 90 per cent. The daylight-friendly design and the complexs solar shading, combined with efficient lighting controls and mechanical features, reduce energy consumption by more than 30 per cent when compared to the national standard for a similar building. Low-flow fume hoods in the wet labs reduce by 75 per cent the volume of conditioned air, which flows through the fume hoods. Although the air from the fume-hood exhaust is not reused, the heat from it is recovered through air-handling units on the roof. That hot air heats incoming cooler outdoor air to reduce energy consumption. Elsewhere, thermal mass found in the concrete structure collects heat during the day and releases it in the cool of the evening, thereby reducing the cooling load during the day. Along with the incorporation of natural ventilation and the use of recovered waste heat, 90 per cent of the ASSC has a green roof or is landscaped to lower the buildings heating and cooling loads as well as to reduce energy consumption and storm runoff. Furthermore, air in the lecture halls is supplied through an under-floor plenum. This low-velocity air flow uses significantly less energy than forced air, which has to travel great distances. With an overall target of a 35-per-cent reduction in water use in combination with the significant energy savings, along with the use of low or no volatile organic compounds anywhere in the buildings, the ASSC would almost assuredly achieve a LEED Gold rating. The goal, however, is not LEED compliance but rather in the spirit of the 2030 Challenge, it is how the building rises to challenge of ensuring future generations can learn while reducing their impact on the environment. As Dove says, We know what it takes to design a good green building. Its how we do our business. Its not an add-on for us.
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CANADA
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Lclairage naturel
Ds lenfance, le jeune David Dove, MRAIC, de Vancouver, rvait de devenir architecte comme son idole, le lgendaire Arthur Erikson. Il naurait toutefois jamais imagin quil raliserait un jour un projet sur le campus maintes fois prim qui a fait connatre Erikson dans le monde entier. Le complexe des arts et des sciences sociales de lUniversit Simon Fraser des architectes Busby Perkins+Will, termin en 2008, comprend deux immeubles : le Saywell Hall, qui abrite les dpartements darchologie, de criminologie, de psychologie clinique, dtudes sur les Premires nations et le Centre for Forensic Research, de mme que le Blusson Hall, qui abrite la nouvelle facult de sciences de la sant. Les deux btiments en forme de C se font face et forment ainsi une grande cour amnage qui favorise les changes et la communication. Les architectes ont rinterprt la stratgie de protection contre le soleil utilise par Erickson dans les btiments originaux, comme lAcademic Quadrangle, et ont install des dispositifs dombrage verticaux en verre qui font cho aux lames de bton verticales du clbre architecte. Toutefois, ils ont galement tenu compte de lorientation de chaque faade par rapport au soleil. Ainsi, sur les faades sud du Blusson Hall et du Saywell Hall, les concepteurs ont prvu des pare-soleil en bton en porte--faux chaque tage, rappelant ainsi la
suite la page 16
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ARCHITECTURE CANADA 15
Lclairage naturel
suite de la page 15
Toutes les zones de circulation publique comportent au moins un mur vitr du plancher au plafond.
volumtrie du btiment dErickson, dans lequel les tages suprieurs en saillie assuraient lombrage des tages infrieurs. Les btiments font galement une large place la lumire naturelle qui pntre partout, mme dans les laboratoires de travaux pratiques qui sont gnralement des espaces clos. Toutes les zones de circulation publique comportent au moins un mur vitr du plancher au plafond. Pour empcher la surchauffe, on a utilis du verre fritt et install des pare-soleil extrieurs horizontaux qui rduisent le gain de chaleur de 90 pour cent lintrieur. Lclairage naturel et la stratgie de protection contre le soleil, jumels aux commandes dclairage intelligentes et aux particularits des systmes mcaniques, ont permis de rduire la consommation dnergie de plus de 30 pour cent par rapport un btiment semblable construit selon les normes nationales. Pour rduire la consommation dnergie, on a aussi install des hottes faible dbit dans les laboratoires de travaux pratiques. De plus, on a install sur la toiture des dispositifs de traitement de lair qui rcuprent la chaleur contenue dans lair dvacuation pour prchauffer lair dapport. Ailleurs, la masse thermique de la structure de bton capte la chaleur durant le jour et la libre durant la nuit, ce qui a pour effet de rduire la charge de climatisation durant le jour. En plus de la ventilation naturelle et de lutilisation de la chaleur rsiduelle rcupre, le complexe se distingue par dautres lments cologiques, comme une toiture verte et des amnagements paysags qui sont conus pour rduire les charges de chauffage et de climatisation des btiments et contrler le
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ruissellement des eaux pluviales et qui recouvrent 90 pour cent des surfaces extrieures horizontales. Par ailleurs, lalimentation en air des salles de confrences vient dun plnum situ sous le plancher. Ce systme faible dbit consomme beaucoup moins dnergie quun systme air forc dans lequel lair doit circuler sur de longues distances. Les concepteurs ont fix 35 pour cent lobjectif global de rduction de la consommation deau par rapport la celle dun autre btiment semblable et ils ont spcifi des matriaux contenant peu ou pas de composs organiques volatils. La performance de ce complexe est de plus de 50 % suprieure celle des moyennes nationales pour des btiments comparables et de 70 % suprieure celle des btiments comparables de la rgion du nord-ouest du Pacifique utiliss par larchitecte comme rfrence. Les concepteurs nont mnag aucun effort pour offrir aux gnrations futures un lieu dapprentissage qui leur permet de rduire leur impact sur lenvironnement. Larchitecte David Dove conclut comme suit : Nous savons comment concevoir un bon btiment durable, cest notre faon usuelle dexercer notre profession. Nous ne considrons pas la durabilit comme un ajout, mais comme une faon naturelle de concevoir des btiments.
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CANADA
1/20/10 11:08:58 AM
Tempered Slab
By Christopher Guly Photos by Steve Nagy Photography unless noted otherwise Computer models and images by GEC Architecture
Much like the mighty Rocky Mountain range that frames it, cole Lawrence Grassi Middle School in Canmore is designed for long-term sustainability. It is well-positioned to meet the 2030 Challenge having recently been designated as a net-zero ready building by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). In doing so, the building also met a 2030 Challenge energy reduction milestone early 65 per cent by 2017 by nearly 10 years. Of about 250 buildings across Canada reviewed under NRCans Design Validation program, only two have achieved this, and Lawrence Grassi School is the only one to do so entirely through energy-efficient design (without on-site renewable energy generation). Designed by GEC Architecture, the firm incorporated a sophisticated mechanical system in the school that relies on a tempered slab, integrated with the schools displacement-ventilation system, to heat and cool the building. We had a lot of success with that project both in terms of energy efficiency and comfort level for its occupants, says David Edmunds, FRAIC, a senior partner with Calgary-based GEC Architecture. The tempered slab system is well-suited to a place like Canmore, which can experience large day-to-night temperature swings due to the high altitude (about 1,350 metres above sea level), predominantly sunny skies and the legendary Chinooks. As Edmunds point out, it could hover around the freezing mark in the morning when children go to school and zoom up to 20 degrees Celsius by the time they leave in late afternoon. The slabs inherent thermal mass, and the exceptional thermal capacity of water circulated through it, moderate indoor temperatures. Heating and cooling is provided by two high-efficiency, gas-fired, fully condensing boilers that circulate heated water through the tempered slab piping. All of the indoor heat is delivered through the tempered floor slab at a temperature that is only slightly above the desired ambient room temperature. Since the building is not air conditioned, radiative cooling on warmer days is achieved
continued on page 18
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ARCHITECTURE CANADA 17
Tempered Slab
using the tempered slab as a heat sink. Meanwhile, warm, stale air is displaced by incoming fresh air and removed near the top of each room via ductwork connected to heat-recovery ventilators. Rather than mechanically adjusting temperatures using a very elaborate air conditioning or heating system which is also very energy inefficient the slab works with the climate, explains Edmunds. Because you put heat into it all night, it gives off heat when its coldest in the morning. When the temperature rises later in the day, it begins to absorb heat through the evening as the temperature drops.
The tempered slab system is wellsuited to a place like Canmore, which can experience large day-tonight temperature swings due to the high altitude, predominantly sunny skies and the legendary Chinooks.
So it benefits from the diurnal cycle. Since most of the heating or cooling is provided by the tempered slab, the ventilation system is only required for fresh air. This approach has resulted in energy use that is 70-per-cent better than the baseline defined by the Model National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings. Lawrence Grassi Middle School also promotes sustainability through its architectural design. In light of its rugged, mountainous and woodsy surroundings, giving the school a wood frame and a heavy timber glue-laminated construction made sense, explains Edmunds. Structural insulated panels, which consist of a layer of polymer foam sandwiched between two layers of plywood, were used on the roof and wood-frame walls provide high insulation levels. Those features, along with the use of triple-glazed windows throughout the school, have resulted in a very efficient building envelope, says Edmunds. Other features such as low-water plumbing fixtures and the use of natural light help further reduce environmental impacts and achieve additional energy savings.
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Dailleurs, Ressources naturelles Canada (RNCan) a rcemment dsign cette cole comme un btiment tout prs du zro absolu. Seuls deux btiments, parmi les quelque 250 des quatre coins du Canada examins par RNCan dans le cadre de son programme de validation de la conception des btiments, ont obtenu cette dsignation et seule lcole Lawrence-Grassi se lest mrite uniquement grce son efficacit nergtique (sans production sur place dnergie renouvelable). Le btiment, conu par la firme GEC Architecture, comporte un systme mcanique avant-gardiste qui compte sur la circulation de leau dans un rseau intgr aux dalles de bton du plancher et sur un systme de ventilation par dplacement dair pour assurer le chauffage et le refroidissement. Ce btiment donne des rsultats trs concluants, tant sur le plan de lefficacit nergtique que du confort des occupants , souligne David Edmunds, FRAIC, un associ principal du bureau de GEC Architecture Calgary. Le principe de la dalle temprature tempre convient bien un endroit comme Canmore o les tempratures varient considrablement entre le jour et la nuit en raison de laltitude leve (environ 1 350 mtres au-dessus du niveau de la mer), de lensoleillement abondant et des lgendaires Chinooks. Comme le fait remarquer David Edmunds, le mercure peut tre prs du point de conglation lorsque les enfants quittent la maison le matin et atteindre les 20 degrs Celsius leur retour. La masse thermique des dalles de bton et lexceptionnelle capacit thermique de leau qui y circule permettent de maintenir des tempratures intrieures modres. Deux chaudires condensation haut rendement, alimentes au gaz, font circuler leau chaude dans la tuyauterie intgre aux dalles de plancher. Tout le chauffage provient de la dalle tempre une temprature qui nest que lgrement plus leve que la temprature ambiante dsire.
Le principe de la dalle temprature tempre convient bien un endroit comme Canmore o les tempratures varient considrablement entre le jour et la nuit en raison de laltitude leve, de lensoleillement abondant et des lgendaires Chinooks.
Le btiment ne comporte aucun systme de climatisation et recourt au refroidissement radiant lorsque les journes sont plus chaudes en utilisant la dalle comme un puits de chaleur. Par ailleurs, lair chaud et vici est chass par lair frais introduit dans les pices et cet air chaud est vacu par des conduits situs au haut de chaque pice et relis des ventilateurs rcuprateurs de chaleur. Au lieu de contrler les tempratures ambiantes laide dun systme de chauffage ou climatisation mcanique trs labor qui est aussi trs nergivore nous utilisons la dalle de plancher en bton , explique larchitecte Edmunds.
suite la page 20
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ARCHITECTURE CANADA 19
suite de la page 19
Le systme en place tire parti du cycle diurne de la temprature. Quand la temprature augmente en fin de journe, il commence absorber de la chaleur quil peut ensuite diffuser lorsquil fait froid en matine. Le systme de ventilation ne sert qu approvisionner le btiment en air extrieur. Cette stratgie a permis de rduire de 70 pour cent la consommation nergtique par rapport un btiment de rfrence dfini par le Code modle national de lnergie pour les btiments du Canada. Lcole intermdiaire Lawrence-Grassi valorise galement la durabilit par son architecture. Dans un environnement de montagnes escarpes et de forts, il tait logique de privilgier lossature de bois et lutilisation du bois duvre lamell-coll, ajoute David Edmunds. Dautre part, linstallation de panneaux isolants structurels, fabriqus dune couche de mousse de polymre recouverte de deux revtements de contreplaqu, sur le toit et sur les murs ossature de bois, de mme que linstallation de fentres triple vitrage la grandeur de lcole contribuent la grande performance de lenveloppe du btiment. Enfin, lutilisation dappareils faible dbit et la pntration de la lumire naturelle aident rduire les impacts environnementaux et raliser des conomies dnergie additionnelles.
TERRAZZO, TILE AND MARBLE ASSOCIATION OF CANADA ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DE TERRAZZO, TUILE ET MARBRE
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Environmental Reflection
In designing a green building along Nova Scotias rugged Bay of Fundy coastline, Ron Burdock, MRAIC had 300 million years of history to guide him. Opened in the spring of 2008, the $5.4-million Joggins Fossil Centre was initially intended to be simply an interpretive site for the world-famous Coal Age fossils found in the nearby cliffs. But early into the design phase, Halifax-based WHW Architects Inc., where Burdock is a senior architect, and the client the Cumberland Regional Economic Development Association and the Joggins Fossil Institute Association realized the location and its epochal significance offered a unique opportunity to create a sustainable facility for the future, informed by its past. Designated a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) three years ago, the 16-kilometre-long Joggins Fossil Cliffs rocks contain the most comprehensive record of terrestrial life from the Carboniferous period
The buildings cliff-like structure splits, like a geological fault line, to form an entrance and blends the centre to the sites geological and industrial history.
between 354 to 290 million years ago. The remains of the first reptile on Earth Hylonomus lyelli, which predated dinosaurs by 100 million years were discovered at this paleontological property considered by Charles Darwin as the Coal Age Galpagos for the diversity and abundance of its fossilized treasures. Beginning in the mid-17th century, the sites ancient coal seams literally helped fuel the Industrial Revolution and transformed the tiny community into a major centre that pumped vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This is the story of the carbon question from two ends of a historic telescope, explains Burdock,
continued on page 24
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ARCHITECTURE CANADA 21
The Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC) is the countrys voice for green building informa on, advocacy and cer ca on. Visit cagbc.org.
Rflexion de lenvironnement
En concevant un btiment durable le long de la cte accidente de la Baie de Fundy, en Nouvelle-cosse, Ron Burdock, MRAIC, sest laiss guider par 300 millions dannes dhistoire. Ouvert au printemps de 2008, le Joggins Fossil Centre, construit au cot de 5,4 millions $ ne devait tre au dpart quun site dinterprtation des falaises fossilifres environnantes datant de lge du charbon (le carbonifre) et dont la valeur universelle est exceptionnelle. Toutefois, ds ltape prliminaire, le cabinet WHW Architects Inc. dHalifax, o Burdock occupe un poste darchitecte senior, et le client la Cumberland Regional Economic Development Association et la Joggins Fossil Institute Association ont ralis que le lieu et son importance historique offraient une occasion unique de crer un btiment durable qui tient compte du pass. Inscrites la liste des sites du patrimoine mondial par lOrganisation des Nations Unies pour lducation, la science et la culture
La structure du btiment cre une scission, comme une ligne de faille, pour crer lentre, et elle tablit un lien trs fort avec lhistoire gologique et industrielle du site.
(UNESCO) il y a trois ans, les falaises fossilifres de Joggins qui stendent sur 16 kilomtres contiennent le registre le plus complet des formes de vie terrestre lpoque du carbonifre datant de 354 290 millions dannes. Les restes du premier reptile sur terre - Hylonomus lyelli, qui a prcd le dinosaure de quelque 100 millions dannes ont t dcouverts ce site palontologique que Charles Darwin surnommait le Galpagos du carbonifre en raison de la richesse des fossiles quon y trouve. Ds le milieu du 17e sicle, les riches gisements de charbon prsents depuis si longtemps sur le site ont acclr la rvolution industrielle et transform la petite communaut en un centre important qui rejetait toutefois de grandes quantits de dioxyde de carbone dans latmosphre. Cest lhistoire du carbone vue travers les deux extrmits dun tlescope historique, explique Burdock, qui dcrit le Joggins Fossil Centre comme la meilleure tribune pour dmontrer les effets du changement climatique. Comme le Centre a pour but de prsenter les fossiles carbonifres, aucun combustible fossile nest brl sur place. Le btiment comble plutt ses besoins nergtiques partir de sources renouvelables. Il comporte un arognrateur de 50 kilowatts, qui capte les vents puissants au large de la cte et produit les deux tiers des besoins en
suite la page 24 www.raic.org / 2011
ARCHITECTURE CANADA 23
Rflexion de lenvironnement
fermeture automatique, la consommation deau potable du btiment de 1 182 mtres carrs est de 57,2 pour cent infrieure celle dun btiment semblable construit selon les normes usuelles. Par ailleurs, le Joggins Fossil Centre laurat dune mdaille dexcellence du Lieutenant gouverneur en 2008 dans le cadre des Prix de la Nova Scotia Association of Architects consomme 64,5 pour cent moins dnergie quun btiment comparable. Ce btiment qui adopte les principes du Dfi 2030 et qui vise la certification LEED de niveau or se distingue galement par son architecture qui en fait le reflet de son milieu. La structure du btiment cre une scission, comme une ligne de faille, pour crer lentre, et elle tablit un lien trs fort avec lhistoire gologique et industrielle du site, explique larchitecte. Le btiment est revtu de grs de Wallace de couleur brun olive extrait dune carrire situe moins de 100 km du centre, et de bardeaux de pruche dune couleur semblable provenant de la Nouvelle-cosse. Le bardeau est install selon la mme inclinaison que la toiture, reproduisant le profil des couches de roches sdimentaires fossilifres des falaises environnantes et les structures des mines maintenant disparues. Nous avons voulu crer un btiment lmental, qui donne limpression de prolonger le paysage environnant , explique Burdock. Cest aussi une illustration mtaphorique qui nous fait reculer dans le temps pour nous raconter une histoire extraordinaire sur la durabilit.
suite de la page 23
lectricit du centre, lautre tiers tant produit par des panneaux photovoltaques. Il comporte galement des capteurs solaires qui prchauffent leau du btiment. Les vitrages haute performance fabriqus en Nouvelle-cosse diffusent la lumire naturelle tout en contrlant les gains et les pertes de chaleur dans les grands espaces du btiment. Un toit vert, qui reproduit la vgtation trouve sur les falaises, rduit les pertes de chaleur, amliore lisolation et contribue la collecte des eaux pluviales qui sont achemines dans une citerne souterraine pour tre ensuite pompes et servir pour les toilettes double chasse. Grce ce toit vert et aux appareils faible dbit, comme les urinoirs sans eau et les robinets
who describes the Joggins Fossil Centre as the best soapbox from which to showcase the effects of climate change. Since the facility is meant to showcase Carboniferous fossils, no fossil fuels are burned on site. Instead, the building relies on renewable sources to meet its energy needs. A 50-kilowatt turbine, which harnesses the mighty winds off the coast, generates twothirds of the centres electrical power needs
24 ARCHITECTURE CANADA
that are complemented by the use of solar photovoltaic panels. Solar thermal panels are also used to pre-heat the buildings hot-water supply. Nova Scotia-manufactured glazing units help to diffuse daylight and regulate heat gain and loss in the centres large spaces. A living roof, which replicates the vegetation found on the cliffs, also minimizes heat loss, improves insulation and assists with collecting water, which is pumped from an underground cistern to dual-flush toilets. That feature, along with such low-flow plumbing fixtures as waterless urinals and self-closing faucets, help reduce potable water consumption for the 1,182-square-metre centre by 57.2 per cent compared to a similar-sized building. Overall, the Joggins Fossil Centre winner of the 2008 Nova Scotia Association of Architects Lieutenant Governors Medal of Excellence uses 64.5 per cent less energy than a comparable building. But while the facility is 2030 Challenge compliant and is aiming for LEED Gold certification, it is also an imaginative architectural reflection of its environment. The buildings cliff-like structure splits, like a geological fault line, to form an entrance
and blends the centre to the sites geological and industrial history, explains Burdock. Olive-brown Wallace sandstone, quarried less than 100 km away, and Nova Scotiaharvested, similarly-toned hemlock clad the building parallel to the sloped roof that mimics the sloping layers of fossil-rich sedimentary rock in the cliffs and since-vanished mine structures. The design is meant to be elemental, as if the building was draawn out of the surrounding landscape, explains Burdock. It is also a metaphorical illustration of a passage back in time with a huge story to tell about sustainability.
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Infrastructure Canada, the National Research Council and the Canadian Public Works Association to help administrators and municipalities make informed decisions and promote sustainable infrastructure investment. Although originally intended for infrastructure projects, the principles outlined in this Best Practice are relevant for the selection of an architect.
Canada, le Conseil national de recherches du Canada et lAssociation canadienne des travaux publics et vise aider les administrateurs et les municipalits prendre des dcisions claires et promouvoir les investissements dans des infrastructures durables. Les principes dcrits dans cette Meilleure pratique sappliquaient lorigine aux projets dinfrastructures, mais ils sont tout fait pertinents pour la slection dun architecte.
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