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Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 Chc nng Backstage View

Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010. Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.

Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu, kch c file...

Thm tnh nng Sparkline

Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.

parkline l c ch hu ch thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn.

Tnh nng Slicers

Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s lng ln d liu.

V d, bn c th s dng licers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan Khi d liu trong bng Pivot Table thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.

nh dng d liu c iu kin

Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t s ng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht... vi ch 1 c click chut y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu kh c nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v lc d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh x c d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Thc hin nh sau: qut chn mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi , sau bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn: Kiu nh gi sng lc: Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring ra ngoi nh c c phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc hin sng lc ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. au y l hai nhm quy lut chnh: Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong c c iu kin: Greater Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so s nh no , Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau). Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so s nh . Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh thc thi trong bng tnh. Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm c c iu kin: Top 10 Items ( nh du 10 c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% ( nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn chn nh gi 4

theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt. Kiu nh gi hin th mc : Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng { trong menu hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d dng so s nh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp. Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi chn nhm Color Scales, bn hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng chn ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch chn Color Scales > More Rules. Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun, chng trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn trc quan v bng tnh. V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng b o ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so s nh v tin hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng. Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets. Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut nh gi kh c bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi c c nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm 5

Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l). C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi , sng lc d liu chun x c v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong Excel.

PivotTables v PivotCharts
Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng trong giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo c ch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.

Share Workbook

Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l ni dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic nhm.

Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel

Gii thiu Excel Excel l g:
Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng bng, gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin: Tnh to n i s, phn tch d liu Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau V th v c c s T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro V nhiu ng dng kh c gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc nhau. Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn. Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), c c c t chc thnh cc ct v c c dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng). Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th. 8

Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn c c tab t ti gc tr i di ca ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.

Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XL X (da trn chun XML gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XL .

Giao din Excel

Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office ging nh menu File ca cc phin bn trc. Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.

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Cc lnh trong menu Office

Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh

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Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh

Ribbon l g?
Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh menu truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.

Thanh cng c Ribbon

Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu,

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Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu, Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n. Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel. Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d liu, Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thit lp bo v bng tnh. View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh, Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon. Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung,

S dng menu ng cnh (shortcut menu)

Khi mun thc hin mt thao t c no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh menu hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn chn.

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Menu ng cnh

M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s

M Excel Thao tc: B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li. B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel khi ng Excel.

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Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel

Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start. Phng to ca s Excel Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh Nhp chut vo biu tng Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh thu gn ca Excel trn thanh

Thot khi Excel

Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.

Thao tc vi v vng
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) a ch mt trong Excel c x c nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong bng tnh c x c nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn c ch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c x c nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v d ct A th c x c nh ngn gn l A:A) v <s dng>:<s dng> (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4).

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V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12.

a ch v vng

Chn vng Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn n u tin). Khi mun chn c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mun chn c workbook (ngha l chn tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Select All Sheets. Sao chp v di chuyn vng Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn 16

trc tin bn phi chn vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut thc hin: Dng Ribbon: Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay (Copy hay (Paste). Bn c

Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt th gi cc lnh trn t menu ng cnh nhp phi chut.

Chut: Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp (khng gi thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn n v th chut. Dn c bit (Paste Special) Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste Special au khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut, chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s la chn nh bng sau:

Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special

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Hng mc All Formulas Values Formats Comments Validation All using source theme All except borders Column widths Formulas and number formats Values and number formats None Add Subtract

M t Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s, cc nh dng khc b loi b. Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s. Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

Multiply

Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

Divide

Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun

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Skip blanks

. Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch

Transpose Paste Link

Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun

t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l c c a ch n thun, t tn gip vic tham chiu tnh to n t sai st hn v di chuyn hay chn cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng c t ging c c a ch tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t tn chn nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope, nhp ch thch nu cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc tip t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng chn t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng menu ng cnh.

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Mun m hp thoi qun l{ c c tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca c c vng khng dng n,

Thm ch thch cho

hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th

nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v chn Insert Comment.

c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review Comments Next hay Previous. n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn). Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v chn Edit Comment t menu ng cnh. Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc nhp phi chut v chn Delete Comment.

Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch

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Chn, xa , dng v ct
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn c c ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i c c , c c dng v ct. Chn trng B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ). B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn ph hp trong hp thoi Insert Chn dng B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows

Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn

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Chn ct B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns Xa cc , dng v ct B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)

Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng

Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. C c bc iu chnh dng ct: B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp Row Height: chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng AutoFit Row Height: chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni dung. 22

Column Width: chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct AutoFit Column Width: chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi ni dung. Default Width: chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi c ch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao t c nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tr i gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. 23

Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao t c nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tr i gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu dng. v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao

Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)

Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c c c u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa. B1. Chn cc cn ni li. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu
Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri. 24

B1. Chn ang b ni. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c.

Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt

Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang, sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia c c sheet hay i n c c ni bt kz trong bng tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang

Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh. Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung. Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cun ngang

Thao tc: Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tr i cun mn hnh i sang tr i. Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi. Thanh Sheet tab di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt 25

trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. Nu mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v chn tn sheet cn n.

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang v dc, c c phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn.

Nhn phm
hoc Tab hoc Shift + Tab Home Ctrl + Home Ctrl + End Alt + Page Up Alt + Page Down

Di chuyn
Sang bn phi Sang bn tri Ln dng Xung dng n ct A ca dng hin hnh n a ch A1 trong worksheet n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh

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Page Up Page Down F5 End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + Ctrl + Page Up Ctrl + Page Down

Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh M hp thoi Go To n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh

Thao tc vi workbook To mi workbook

Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu dng sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng, bn chn Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.

27

M workbook c sn trn a
Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch: 1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh s ch ny ( iu chnh th nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ). 2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin. 3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp tin cn 28

m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).

Lu workbook
Mt iu cn lu { khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover information every Mt s c ch lu workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Save 2. Nhp chut ln nt Tollbar). trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access 29 minutes.

3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>. Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.

Minh ha lu tp tin

Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > | bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng c ch t o!). B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra. B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra 30

B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt). au nhn nt OK B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. au nhn nt OK B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. au nhn nt OK B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.

Dng mt m bo v workbook

Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).

ng workbook
Mt s c ch ng workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Close 2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).

3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. Nu workbook c s thay i ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li c c thay i . Sp xp workbook Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp xp li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All Chn kiu b tr thch hp. 31

Sp xp cc workbook trong ca s Excel

Thao tc vi worksheet
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook C nhiu cch thc hin: 1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab

2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh. 3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet 4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.

32

Minh ha chn sheet mi

i tn worksheet Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \?* Xa worksheet Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet 2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK. Sp xp th t cc worksheet C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp worksheet nh: 1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut. 33

2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp chn ln tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.

Sao chp worksheet Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copychn v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut. sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm <Ctrl + nhp chut> chn sheet. chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn workbook ch ti To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp c c sheet n mt workbook mi). Chn mu cho sheet tab 34

Vic t mu gip qun l{ thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp.

n/ Hin worksheet Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i. Khng th n ht cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n. Mun n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun n v chn Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mun cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v chn Unhide sau chn tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.

35

S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc

Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cun cc thanh cun, S dng thanh Zoom Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.

Thanh Zoom

Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Chn nhm View Window New Window

so s nh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun 36

thanh cun ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng cun ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n ang bt). Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cun dc v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mun chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh.

Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang

Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn hnh xung pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau chn View Window Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh ph hp. Nu chn: Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch

37

Minh ha c nh cc tiu

b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes S dng Watch Window Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di c c trong qu trnh tnh to n. Bn mun gim s t no th a n vo danh s ch gi m s t ca s ca Watch Window. Gi ca s Watch Window bn chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau chn cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.

Ca s Watch Window

38

Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel

Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.

Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc. Lu : Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct. Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn. Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh sch). Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel Regional and Language Options. Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-052007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mun dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>. 39

Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi mun dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy chn c c sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln c c c d liu). b chn cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets.

V d nhp cc loi d liu

Nhp cc k t c bit
B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong . B2. Ch n Symbol

B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font. B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

40

V d chn vo

Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng

hy mt lnh va thc hin bn nhn chut ln nt <Ctrl+Z> ang nhp liu vo mun hy th nhn phm ESC phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt

hay dng phm

hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>

thc hin li lnh sau cng nhn <Ctrl+Y> Hiu chnh ni dung Xa ni dung cc B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa

41

B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung c c nh dng ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v chn cc lnh:

Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table) Nhp ln c sn ni dung Mun nhp ln c c c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp vo ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp . Hiu chnh ni dung cc Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau: 1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc c c phm mi tn di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau nhp vo ni dung mi. 2. Chn cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn 3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula) S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu S dng chc nng AutoFill S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh. 42

Danh sch Auto Fill c sn Cc gi tr khi u 1, 2, 3 9:00 Mon Monday Jan Jan, Apr Jan-99, Apr-99 15-Jan, 15-Apr 1999, 2000 1-Jan, 1-Mar Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Product 1, On backorder Chui sau khi m rng 4, 5, 6 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 Tue, Wed, Thu Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Feb, Mar, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00 15-Jul, 15-Oct 2001, 2002, 2003 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,... Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,... Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,... text2, textA, text3, textA,... 2nd Period, 3rd Period,... Product 2, Product 3,...

Text1, textA 1st Period Product 1

Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau: B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1 B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k tip). 43

B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu en. B4. Gi tri chut ko xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.

Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao chp. 2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up, Left). T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn. 44

Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh s ch v nhn nt Delete. Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh s ch v hiu chnh trong List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add. S dng chc nng Automatic Completion Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau c c c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values.

S dng chc nng AutoCorrect

AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh, ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay c c on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo c c bc sau: 45

B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k) B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k) B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete.

Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn

46

nh dng nh dng chung

C c nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.

nh dng vn bn v s

Khi cn c c nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells

47

Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells

nh dng Tab Number Category Sample

M t

Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo c c nh dng bn chn Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific. Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p dng cho dng Number 48

Decimal places

Use 1000 Separator (,)

Negative numbers

Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v Currency. Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom. Chn loi ngn ng kh c p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special. Tab Alignment

Symbol

Type

Locale (location)

Text alignment Horizontal

C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tr i cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh gia. C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn. Tht u cc dng ni dung ca . Chn c c hng ca vn bn trong cc . t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90 Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di) Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn) X c nh trnh t c v canh l 49

Vertical

Indent Orientation Degrees

Text control Wrap text

Shrink to fit

Merge cells Right-to-left Text

direction Tab Font Font Font style Chn kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l Regular. Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point. Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None. Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t chn mu) Nu chn s loi b c c nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng C thm ng gch ngang vn bn Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn Tab Border Line Chn kiu v kch c c c ng k khung, sau chn cc nt bn hp Border k Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k c c ng phn cch gia cc Chn mu cho c c ng k Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng bao cc 50

Size

Underline

Color

Normal font

Effects Strikethrough Superscript Subscript Preview

Presets

Color Border

Tab Fill Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di). B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu. Cc mu mu nn cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v kiu mu ti Sample Tab Protection Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, c c , ch c tc dng khi sheet c bo v n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn sau) Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th nh dng chuyn sang dng Scientific Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Dng nh dng c c n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Dng nh dng c c n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau. Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control 51

More Colors Pattern Color Pattern Style

Hidden

General

General Number

Currency

Accounting

Date

Panel). Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel). Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn chn. Hin th con s di dng khoa hc <Con s E+n>. V d, s 12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. Text nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s. nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo him Dng hiu chnh c c m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi c c nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)

Fraction

Scientific

Special

Custom

S dng Wrap Text Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc dng <Alt+Enter> xung dng ti v tr mong mun. B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1 52

B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height

Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1 B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise

nh dng khung (border) K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu . B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset B6. Nhn OK hon tt

53

Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect) B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue) B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3 B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.

54

T ng nh dng c iu kin. Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng la chn, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong sut phn nh gi tr ca C ch thc tin hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003.

55

Bng v nh dng bng (table) Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit. p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng B1. Chn danh B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9 B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn. to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu. Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete. 56

Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon

Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny vng chn vn cn l bng do vy n c c c tnh nng ca bng.

57

 chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm Tools chn Convert to Range. S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bin cc mu ny. p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes Chn mt biu mu t danh sch. C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li kiu Font v vo Effects chn li hiu ng. Lu { bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng. To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes chn Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to. Khi i kiu mu kh c ng lot c c i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng v khng b thay i ni dung.

58

Tm v thay th d liu
tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu: Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home Chn Find hoc Replace

59

 Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What (nu bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc trn). Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty chn

Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun. 60

Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct: nh du cc mun c sp xp Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct: Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin Kch Add Level Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp Kch OK

61

Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b lc: Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc Trn tab Home, kch ort & Filter Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mun lc

62

 khng p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter Kch Clear

63

Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm

Gii thiu cng thc v hm: Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht c c thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g? Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, c c a ch tham chiu v cc hm. V d:

V d v cng thc

Cc ton t trong cng thc Ton t Chc nng + * Cng Tr Nhn V d =3+3 =45-4 =150*.05 Kt qu 3 cng 3 l 6 45 tr 4 cn 41 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5

64

/ ^

Chia Ly tha

=3/3 =2^4 =16^(1/4)

3 chia 3 l 1 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2 Ni chui L v Thanh li thnh L Thanh V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: TRUE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: TRUE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: TRUE V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: 9 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: 9 Tr v gi tr ca

&

Ni chui

=L & Thanh

Bng

=A1=B1

>

Ln hn

=A1>B1

<

Nh hn

=A1<B1

>=

Ln hn hoc bng Nh hn hoc bng Khc

=A1>=B1

<=

=A1<=B1

<>

=A1<>B1

Du cch cc tham chiu Tham chiu mng

=Sum(A1,B1)

=Sum(A1:B1)

khong Tr v cc trng giao gia 2 vng

=B1:B6 A3:D3

Th t u tin ca cc ton t 65

Ton t : (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du phy) % ^ * v / + v & = < > <= >= <>

M t Ton t tham chiu

u tin 1

S m (v d 1) Phn trm Ly tha Nhn v chia Cng v tr Ni chui So snh

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Gii thiu hm (Function)

Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng no . Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v c c i s c th l bt buc hoc t chn. V d: =Rand(): hm khng c i s =If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s =PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn Trong Excel 2010 c c c hm chnh nh sau: Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID, 66

 Hm ly d liu t

A : Cubeset, Cubevalue,

Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount, Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,. Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct, Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate, Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa, Hm lun l{: If, And, Or, Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, Off et, Hm to n v lng gi c: Log, Mmult, Round, Hm thng k: tdev, Var, CountIf, Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text, Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau.

Nhp cng thc v hm

Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, c c a ch tham chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu { khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chiu. V d:

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm

67

Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc. Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li c ch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau: B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV( B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3 B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du + B7. Nhp chut vo B2 B8. Nhn phm Enter

Chn tn vng vo cng thc

68

Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function.

Hp thoi Insert Function

Tham chiu trong cng thc Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau: Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4 Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4 Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i. 69

Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct. V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi . i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i

B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. au qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g <Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton. B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15. Lu : 70

Tham chiu n a ch worksheet kh c nhng cng workbook th c dng Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*Sheet2!A2 =A2*Thong so!B4 Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng *Tn_Workbook+Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 =A2**Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4 Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nh y n =A2*C:\Tai lieu\*Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m =A2*\\DataServer\Excel\*Bai tap 2.xlsx+ heet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Li #DIV/0! #NAME? #N/A Gii thch Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu #NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn

71

chung nn phn giao rng #NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s dng #REF! #VALUE! Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.

Cc hm trong excel
a. Nhm hm v thng k AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu Tnh trung bnh cng Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt iu kin Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin m s trong danh sch m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch m cc rng trong mt vng m s tha mt iu kin cho

AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...)

AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1)

AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) COUNT (value1, value2, ...) COUNTA (value1, value2, ...)

COUNTBLANK (range) COUNTIF (range, criteria)

72

trc bn trong mt dy COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc Tnh bnh phng lch c c im d liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng c c bnh phng li. Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s dng. Thng dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c cc li bin i c cho trc... Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh cng) ca cc s Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text

FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array)

GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...)

HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...)

KURT (number1, number2, ...)

LARGE (array, k)

MAX (number1, number2, ...)

MAXA (number1, number2, ...)

73

MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) MIN (number1, number2, ...)

Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s. Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu Tr v hon v ca c c i tng. Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm... Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s c lng lch chun trn c s mu c lng lch chun trn c s 74

MINA (number1, number2, ...)

MODE (number1, number2, ...)

PERCENTILE (array, k)

PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance)

PERMUT (number, number_chosen) QUARTILE (array, quart)

RANK (number, ref, order)

SKEW (number1, number2, ...)

SMALL (array, k)

STDEV (number1, number2, ...)

STDEVA (value1, value2, ...)

mu, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc gi tr logic Tr v phng sai da trn mu Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr logic v text. Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi t l phn trm ca c c im d liu u v cui tp d liu.

STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...)

VAR (number1, number2, ...) VARA (value1, value2, ...)

VARP (number1, number2, ...)

VARPA (value1, value2, ...)

TRIMMEAN (array, percent)

b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn. Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom)

75

CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom)

Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared v s bc t do tng ng. Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng l thuyt Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng bo m cc ng dng t cht lng... Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m phng thi gian gia cc bin c... Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng... Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng so s nh bin thin trong hai tp s liu Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng x c nh xem hai mu c c c phng sai kh c nhau hay khng... Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng kim tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan... Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng phn tch mi tng 76

CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range)

CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha)

EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative)

FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2)

FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2)

FTEST (array1, array2)

FISHER (x)

FISHERINV (y)

quan gia cc mng s liu... GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th dng nghin cu c phn b lch Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma. Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln thnh cng no ...) Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST) Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev. Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s) Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun 77

GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta)

GAMMLN (x) HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev)

LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev)

NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s)

NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative)

NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) NORMSDIST (z)

tc (standard normal cumulative distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1 NORMSINV (probability) Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c tnh s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm gia hai gii hn Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean v standard_dev Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc sut. Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student. Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student. Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b. Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.

POISSON (x, mean, cumulative)

PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails)

TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type)

WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative)

ZTEST (array, x, sigma)

c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh 78

CORREL (array1, array2)

Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng x c nh mi quan h ca hai c tnh Tnh tch s c c lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh cc tch s Tnh ton hay d o n mt gi tr tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng ph p hi quy tuyn tnh Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c. Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng c ch dng phng ph p bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng.

COVAR (array1, array2)

FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's)

GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const)

INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's)

LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)

LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s stats) tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2)

Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc khng th 79

nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r), thng qua c c im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua c c im d liu Tr v sai s chun ca tr d o n y i vi mi tr x trong hi quy. Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh

SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's)

STEYX (known_y's, known_x's)

TREND (known_y's, known_x's,

new_x's, const) d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency , basis, calc_method) ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh kz

Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li theo kz hn Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy kt ton 80

AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Tnh s ngy trong kz li bao gm c ngy kt ton Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy tnh li k tip Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong khong t ngy kt to n n ngy o hn Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng ph p s d gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong thi gian x c nh. Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng ph p s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no , trong mt khong thi gian x c nh. 81

COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month)

DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor)

DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction)

Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar dng thp phn Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi dollar dng phn s Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr tri phiu) Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut danh ngha hng nm v tng s kz thanh ton li kp mi nm Tnh gi tr kz hn ca s u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo kz v li sut c nh Tnh gi tr kz hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr kz hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i) Tnh li sut cho mt chng khon u t ton b Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo kz v da trn li sut khng i

DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction)

DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis)

EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery)

FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type)

FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule)

INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type)

82

IRR (values, guess)

Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui c c lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tr s Tnh s tin li tr ti mt kz no i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho kz . Tnh thi hn Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100 Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo chu kz Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc t v cc kz tnh li kp mi nm Tnh s kz hn tr khon vay trong u t da trn tng chu kz, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr kz hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr dng) Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz u tin l (ngn hn hay di hn) Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c kz tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di hn) 83

ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv)

MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis)

MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate)

NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery)

NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)

NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...)

ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis)

ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis)

Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz tnh li phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn) Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c kz cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)

ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type)

Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v chi tr u n Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt kz hn cho i vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh kz vi mt li sut khng i Tnh gi tr chng kho n trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu kz Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng kho n chit khu Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t Tnh li sut mi kz trong mt nin kim Tnh s tin nhn c vo kz hn thanh ton cho mt chng kho n u

PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type)

PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis)

PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis)

PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type)

RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess)

REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis)

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t ton b SLN (cost, salvage, life) Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng ph p ng thng) ca mt ti sn trong mt kz Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh kz x c nh Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri phiu kho bc Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu kho bc Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc Tnh khu hao ti sn s dng trong nhiu kz Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng nh kz Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng tin mt khng nh kz Tnh li nhun i vi chng khon tr li theo nh kz Tnh li nhun hng nm cho chng kho n chit khu Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn

SYD (cost, salvage, life, per)

TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) XIRR (values, dates, guess)

XNPV (rate, values, dates)

YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis)

e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin 85

c ch nh. DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh s ch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh. Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria)

DGET (database, field, criteria)

DMAX (database, field, criteria)

DMIN (database, field, criteria)

DRODUCT (database, field, criteria)

DSTDEV (database, field, criteria)

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DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria)

Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong b o c o .

DSUM (database, field, criteria)

DVAR (database, field, criteria)

DVARP (database, field, criteria)

GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...)

Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh s ch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D. 87

Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh. * database : L mt dy cc to nn danh s ch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (field). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng. * field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...) * criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y). HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN Mt s lu { khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel: Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows. H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Th ng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Th ng/Nm" (dd/MM/yyyy). Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li. =NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng =TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng =DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy thng) =MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D 88

=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D =DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy. =EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh =EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh Hm HOUR() Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = HOUR(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi) Hm MINUTE() Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = MINUTE(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht) =MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng. =NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy ngh v ngy l. =NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn. Hm SECOND() Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = SECOND(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian 89

V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy) Hm TIME() Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second) hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca 24. minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi ln tng ng. second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng. V d: TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM * Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh x c hn Hm TIMEVALUE() Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh to n c C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text) time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i V d: TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM) =WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng. 90

=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng. =WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra. Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian... Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo th ng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic? Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho php tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...): Hm YEARFRAC() (Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l) C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis]) start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy th ng di dng text. basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh: * 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy. * 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng

91

* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca th ng ) V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm: YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37% Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt th ng coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy! Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong mi th ng u c ging nhau. C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAY 360. Hm DAYS360() C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method]) start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy th ng di dng text. method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FAL E) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo kiu M. * FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca th ng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca th ng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip. * TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca th ng .

92

V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF) DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150 DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149 DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151 Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic. Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh kh c c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAY (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays). D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng! Hm NETWORKDAYS() C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays]) start_date, end_date: Ngy th ng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy th ng di dng text. holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du mc {}. V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011, trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1): 93

= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"}) Hm DATEDIF() C l cch d nht khi mun tnh to n ngy th ng nm l dng hm DATEDIF(). C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit) start_day: Ngy u end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u) unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp) y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s thng ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s ngy yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm V d: DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1) 94

*Tnh tui (2): bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui di thong nh vy: = YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY()) l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF(). By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc: = DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y") V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007: * Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 39 * Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 38 *Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy > 60). V do , khi cn tnh ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt kz lc no), ngi ta thng s dng hm TIME(). V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny: = TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW())) Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy th ng nm v thi gian hin ti: = NOW() + 1

95

Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60. *Tnh tng thi gian Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y: * Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn trn. * Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo kiu: [h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung) Ly li nh dng ngy thng i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l{ do g , cell cha ngy th ng nm n nh sau: 20070823, ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD. Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng n hm DATE(year, month, day) v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), MID() v RIGHT() ly cc tr s ngy, thng, nm cho hm DATE(): Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s cho ta tr s ca nm, MID(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy. 96

Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy, v cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy th ng nm, bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm trn, ta s c: =DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), MID(A1, 5, 2), RIGHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007 HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL ln trong EXCEL nh k to n, tnh lng, thu... =ADDRE (row_num, column_num *, abs_num+ *, a1+ *, sheet_text+) Dng to a ch dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp. row_num: S th t dng ca a ch column_num: S th t ct ca a ch abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c =AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh. reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 di y) =CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh. =COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.

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reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc. =COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu. array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu =HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt m mt ti liu... link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc ch n mt nh du (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n mt tp tin lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet. - Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no cha ng dn di dng chui k t. - Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn kch vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny. firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l mt s, hoc chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th. - Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn. - Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c hin th thay th cho ni dung bn cn. V d: =HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click for report") s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report 98

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10) s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F =HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10) s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F =MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu =INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n. Tm kim trong nhiu ct i khi, c c d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct. V d, bn c mt danh s ch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct. Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn x c nh chc v. Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng. Hm MATCH() c mt c ph p t ngi bit n, l: =MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type) value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn) array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim V y l c ph p dng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng: {=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))} =INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1]) ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui. 99

-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF! -Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu khng, INDIRECT() cng b o li #REF! a1 l gi tr logic x c nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text. a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1 a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1 Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi hin th ni dung ca chng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc . =LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr Hm LOOKUP Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi tr. Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form) * Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh. * Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tr, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng . Vector form (dng vec-t) C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector) lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr.

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lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha lookup_value. Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc mt gi tr logic. - lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc. - Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value. - Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA! result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr tr v. Kch thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca lookup_vector. ^^ Array form (dng mng) C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array) lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr. - Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value. - Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong array th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA! array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic. Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc HLOOKUP(). Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc dng) u tin, cn LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng c khai bo: 101

- Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn dng u tin. - Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin. - Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin. - VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) dng c ch nh, cn LOOKUP() lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng. - Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc. Hm GETPIVOTDATA() Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA() ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong b o c o . nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo mun nhn d liu tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) data_field : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi c t trong mt cp du nhy kp. pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo c o PivotTable. Thng tin ny c dng x c nh bo co PivotTable no cha d liu tr v. field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng cp ny c th thuc bt c loi no. Nu tn field v item khng l ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng trong cp du nh y kp. i vi 102

loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y ng dn ln tn ca item. Mt cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau: "[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]" Lu {: * Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php tnh GETPIVOTDATA. * Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 b o c o PivotTable, d liu tr v s l t b o c o c to ra sau cng. * Nu i s field v c c i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca s c tr v m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g ... * Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din di dng mt chui s hoc c thit lp bng c ch dng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin i khi bng tnh c m mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng khc vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item tham chiu ti ngy 5 th ng 3 nm 1999 c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5). Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME(). * Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA() s tr v li #REF! * Nu c c i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng khng hin th, GETPIVOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF! Hm DGET() Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh s ch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh. C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria) =OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t mt vng xut pht. 103

y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu. N dng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt khong c ch c ch nh. reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut ph t tham chiu n vng khc. Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE! rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di xung, hoc s m nu mun di ln. cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri. height: L s dng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. Ghi ch: * Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF! * cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi cao v rng ca vng xut pht (reference) =ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s th t dng ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu. reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc. =ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu. array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu =TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li. Hm TRAN PO E() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn CtrlShift-Enter sau khi nhp) 104

array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti nhng b d ra. =VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn ct u tin v tr v ... Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct. Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $ Ct cn ly: vng cn tm. Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr: 0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh) 1: Sp xp tng dn. =HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn hng u tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP HM TON HC V LNG GIC Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton i s, gii tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc... Lu { n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca U . lun nhp p mt gi tr kiu s bn hy s dng bn phm s. =ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s =ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin =ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol =ASIN Tnh nghch o sin =ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol =ATAN Tnh nghch o tang 105

=ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta =ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol =CEILING L trn n bi s gn nht =COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn =COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc =COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol =DEGREE i radians sang =EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht. =EXP Tnh ly tha c s e =FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s =FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2 =FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch. =GCD Tm c s chung ln nht =INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguynHm cho gi tr l phn nguyn ca X) =LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht =LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s =LOG Tnh logarit =LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10 =MDETERM Tnh nh thc ca ma trn =MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o =MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn =MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn d ca php chia a:b 106

=MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc. =MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s. =ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht. =PI Tr v gi tr pi =POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s =PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s =QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia =RADIAN i sang radians. =RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1 =RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh Hm ROMAN() Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m C php: = ROMAN(number, form) number: S cn chuyn i form: dng chuyn i 0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in 1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu (xem thm v d) 4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i Ch : * number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE! * Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n

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* Hm ROMAN() ch x l{ c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li #VALUE! * au khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n c na V d: ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE) ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE) ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII =ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X Nu n dng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn. Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn. =ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero =ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero. =SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc =SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s =SUM Tnh tng ca cc s =DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui. Hm SUMIF() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc. 108

C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) Range : Dy c c tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range. Lu {: * Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng c x c nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d: - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 * C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *). * Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa. Hm SUMIFS() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.

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C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) um_range : Dy c c tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin kt vi c c iu kin cho vng. Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Lu {: * Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c c c iu kin tng ng vi u ng. Nu tha c c iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0. * Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS, mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range. * C th dng cc k t i din trong c c iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *) * Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa. Hm SUMSQ() Dng tnh tng c c bnh phng ca cc s C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...) number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny ch l 30)

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Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n mt cha s, v.v... V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25 Ba hm sau y c c ch dng v c ph p tng t nhau: Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2() d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau: SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, X v Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y Vy, nh ngha v c ch tnh to n ca 3 hm ny l: = SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu = SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu = SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu C php: = SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y) array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng Lu {: * array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA!

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* Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh. =TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc =TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s =TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng gi tr Sum = Tng-Product = Tch SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu) C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...) array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau Lu {: * Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE! * Bt kz mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c UMPRODUCT coi nh bng 0 (zero) Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong c c hm hi kh s dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu th hn { ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny). Hm UBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia tng c c tuz chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng c c tnh nng mi b sung ny. i s u tin ca ca hm UBTOTAL x c nh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh to n (xem trong danh s ch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th 112

hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm UM. SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tuz theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht. C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...) Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s c dng tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL Ref1, ref2: C c vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tnh trn . Trong Excel 2010, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 29) Ghi ch: * Nu c hm UBTOTAL kh c t lng trong c c i s ref1, ref2,... th cc hm lng ny s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm tr nh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln. * i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi tr n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b qua cc gi tr n). * Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter (Auto Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging 101...). * Hm UBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang. * Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3D (V d v tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE! Hm SQRT() 113

Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s C php: = SQRT(number) number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 SQRT(16) = 4 SQRT(A2) = #NUM! SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4 Hm SQRTPI() Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979) C php: = SQRTPI(number) number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 QRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi) QRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi) Hm SIGN() Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m. C php: = SIGN(number) V d: SIGN(10) = 1 SIGN(4-4) = 0 SIGN(-0.057) = -1 Hm SERIESSUM() Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y: 114

series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m) C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients) x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha n : ly tha khi to tng ti x m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE! V d: SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426 Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4) =1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426 HM THNG K Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n phc tp. =AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc =AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s. =AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr =DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. Hm AVERAGEIF() Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c c c c chn tha mn mt iu kin cho trc. C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range) 115

range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr... criteria : L iu kin di dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui nh vic tnh trung bnh cho nhng no... average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th Excel dng range tnh. Lu {: * Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c b qua. * Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua. * Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0! * Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0. * Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0! * Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n. * average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc s c tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt u, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. Hm AVERAGEIFS() Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c c c c chn tha mn nhiu iu kin cho trc. C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr... 116

criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 vng. criteria1, criteria2, ... : L c c iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 iu kin, di dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui... Lu {: * Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0! * Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem nh n bng 0. * Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0. * Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin quy nh cho * Khng ging nh AVERAGEIF(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc vi average_range * Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc nu khng c no tha tt c c c iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0! * C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho c c iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n. Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c trong vng. Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s. C php=COUNT(vng) =COUNTA m s cha d liu =COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c trong vng vi iu kin ch ra iu kin. Hm COUNTIF m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t. 117

=DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng gi tr s trong ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d liu. VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000. =MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng =MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht Hm DMAX() C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht. =MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng =MINA Tm gi tr nh nht Hm DMIN() C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht. =RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s. Vng cn so s nh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $ Hm DVARP() C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)

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Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DVAR() C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria) c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSUM() C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria) Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSTDEVP() C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria) Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSTDEV() C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria) c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DPRODUCT() C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria) Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. 119

m s rng trong bng tnh Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. m s b li Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. HM X L VN BN V D LIU Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i chui vn bn trong Excel. Hm ASC() Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s dng b k t double-byte. C php: = ASC(text) text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt kz mu t no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i. V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel =CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t =CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp =CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin Hm CONCATENATE Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...) 120

V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn) Gii php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn =DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t Hm EXACT Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau. Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2) Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa. Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr FALSE V d: =EXACT("Gii php", "Gii ph p") TRUE =EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Ph p") FAL E =FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn =LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X =LEN Tnh di mt chui =LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng. =PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa Hm MID Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n) Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m. text: chui vn bn cn trch xut start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra 121

- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng - start_num phi l s nguyn dng - Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng V d: =MID("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7, 9) Elizabeth Hm REPLACE Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t c ch nh Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text) old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v num_chars Ci kh ca hm ny l x c nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh: - Bn dng hm FIND() hoc EARCH() x c nh v tr bt u (start_num) - Dng hm LEN() x c nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars) V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007 Dng cng thc nh sau: =REPLACE(A1, FIND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Budget for 2008 Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007 Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s ch nh ca bn 122

Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n) Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1 - num_chars phi l s nguyn dng - Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text V d: =RIGHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7) Hammond =REPT Lp li mt chui =SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui x c nh Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui Cng thc: =FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num]) =SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num]) find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con) within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m) start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1) Mt s lu {: - Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca find_text trong within_text - Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt kz. V d: SEARCH("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 1. 123

- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. V d: FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4. - Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE - C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong find_text ca hm SEARCH() - Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t ( ~* hoc l ~?) =TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text. Hm T Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng - Kim tra d liu kiu text Cng thc: =T(value) Hm ny t khi c dng. Hm SUBSTITUTE Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng tng t hm REPLACE(), nhng d s dng hn. Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num]) text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c old_text tm c s c thay th bng new_text V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007 Dng cng thc nh sau: = UB TITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Budget for 2008 124

HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One Substring for Another) C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n bng on vn kh c. Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng c ch dng hm. l hm REPLACE v hm SUBSTITUTE. =TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui. =UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa. Hm VALUE Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s Cng thc: =VALUE(text) text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt kz mt thi gian no min l c Excel cng nhn. Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr FALSE V d: trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT() =RIGHT(" QA6500", 4) 6500 Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RIGHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng tr g vi c i "6500" ny c. c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s: =VALUE(RIGHT(" QA6500",4)) 6500 Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n. *Trch xut h v tn (v d dng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)

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C ch lm l dng hm FIND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn, sau dng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h. ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell A2): =LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Ngha l dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l v tr th 5, khi hm LEFT() s x c nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1). ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc: =RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2)) Bn t dch cu ny nh! *Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt) Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt cht, trch thm phn tn m. Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E. Hammond u tin, nh bi trn, dng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name): =LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin (sau ch Karen). tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm (start_num) l 7, hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1: =FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)

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Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm RIGHT() trch ra phn H (last name): =RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammond trch phn tn m, dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo trong cng thc ca hm MID() tm k t ng trc du chm: =MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E HM LOGIC Hm AND C l khi gii thch nh. AND c ngha l V. Vy thi. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny v ci ny v ci ny...... C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...) logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E) Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn 1 trong cc biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE. Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm AND() hay c dng chung vi hm IF(). V d: =IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus") Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt trong 2 B2 hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c. =FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc c gi tr FALSE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny Hm IF =IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin theo gi tr v cng thc 127

C php: IF (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi tr 1, ngc li hm nhn gi tr 2 Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti c i ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci kia".. C l trong chng ta ai cng hiu. Mt tnh hung n gin nht C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true) logical_test: Mt biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E) value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng (TRUE) V d: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!") Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l "It's big!", cn khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE. Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca mt danh mc hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh s b n ra khng t yu cu iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh, bng cch gn nhng du "<" bn cnh n, h phn trm doanh s cng thp th nhng du hiu "<" cng nhiu... Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu: =IF(cell<0, flag) Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t, v d, cell cha gi tr doanh s l B2: =IF(B2<0, "<<<<<") nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th dng hm REPT(), vi cng thc: REPT("<" , B2 * -100) 128

 y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp B2<0 V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng s l: =IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100)) Nhng hm IF lng nhau Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu", phi khng cc bn. Chng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi ko di n v tn! Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn 9 th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th d? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh c i , ri TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh). Khi , chng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia. Sau ny chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na. V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big") Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch l "big" ? C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn: =IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big") Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n kh c " mall" ch (tui khng ln, cha chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha " mall" th xem: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big")) Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min l ng sai c php ca IF(). 129

V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li: =IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big")) Ch cn mt lu {, l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m khng ng lc hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y. Hm IFERROR Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng kh m tr nh c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li #DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0, hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti, gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt vi A hoc B b xa i... Tuy nhin, i lc chng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d s t ra mt tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI. C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)... MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc. Nu biu thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc khng c li, ISERROR() tr v gi tr FALSE. V chng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF: =IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression) Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult (mt rng, hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu thc . V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu thc hai ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False ca IF()

130

C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm cho cng thc ca chng ta tr nn kh dng hn, bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta phi thay i nguyn c cng thc. Excel 2010 dng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v ISERROR li thnh mt, l IFERROR() C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error) _____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li _____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n c li th ly ci biu thc value_if_error. V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l =IFERROR(A/B, "") Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu. =NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca c c i s Hm OR OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay ci kia... c i no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci! C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...) logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FAL E) Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1 trong cc biu thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE. Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF(). V d: 131

=IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus") Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th (thng) 1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c. =TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc c gi tr TRUE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh di y c cha mt s gp li chia cho 0 (#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng. tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng thc mng nh sau: {=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))} (ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng) X c nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter) Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny trong ct B th kt qu s l 2). Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s (B ch khng phi l 2), th lm sao? y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy t A n Z, t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!) C mt hm gip chng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm CELL("address"), v d $A$2, hoc $B$10... Hm CELL(info_type [,reference]) Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi sau)

132

V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c cha cng thc CELL(). Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc CELL() vi info_type l "address" Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar ($) trong c i a ch tuyt i ny. Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch tuyt i ca cell: =MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars) C i kh l c i num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d: A, AA hoc AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi: FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2 Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong c i a ch tuyt i ca cell, v bt u tm t v tr th 3 trong c i a ch ny. Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th hai trong a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct, phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 c i $, lc ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch) By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau: =MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2) Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc. Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt c i g tham chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci "address" V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:

133

=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2) AGH Lp m s t ng C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng cch dng vi k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi mt con s. C ch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng nhng hm x l{ vn bn v chui. Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2. Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho n thnh nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc: UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng: ROW(A2), v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc: TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000") V y l cng thc hon chnh: =UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000") Hm BETADIST() Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Thng thng hm ny c dng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d nh khong thi gian m ngi ta dng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn. C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B) x : Gi tr gia A v B, dng tnh mt hm. 134

alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi. A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0. B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1. Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETADI T() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi tch ly beta chun ha. Hm BETAINV() Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...) Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc sut, bit trc thi gian b sung kz vng v bin i. C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B) Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi. A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0. B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1. Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM! 135

* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng phn phi tch ly beta chun ha. * BETAINV() s dng phng ph p lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li #NA! V d: BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2 Hm BINOMDIST() Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn. BINOMDI T() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc php th, khi kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l c lp, v khi xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim. V d, c th dng BINOMDI T() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr c sinh ra l b trai. C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th. Trials : S ln th. Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th. Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic x c nh hm tnh xc sut. = 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l x c sut c s ln thnh cng number_s ln nht. = 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi lng xc sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s. Lu {: 136

* Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr thnh s nguyn. * Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! V d: BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781 BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125 Hm CHIDIST() Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-squared dng so snh cc gi tr quan st vi cc gi tr kz vng. V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr quan s t c vi cc gi tr kz vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai. C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom) x : Gi tr dng tnh phn phi. degrees_freedom : S bc t do. Lu {: * Nu c c i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! 137

* Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b ct b tr thnh s nguyn. * Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * CHIDI T() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin ngu nhin chi-squared. V d: CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001 Hm NORMINV() Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun. C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev) probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE! * Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMINV() s bo li #NUM! * Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM! * Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun. * NORMINV() s dng phng ph p lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!

138

Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu

Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun. Sp xp thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct: nh du cc mun c sp xp Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp sp xp nhiu hn mt ct: Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin Kch Add Level Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp Kch OK 139

Lc d liu B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b lc: Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc Trn tab Home, kch ort & Filter Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mun lc

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 ko p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter Kch Clear

4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart

141

L nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel. Chng c th bin nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thnh nhng con s c ngha. PivotTable v PivotChart rt d s dng, nhng chng cng c mt s vn phc tp khng th trnh khi.

Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart

To mt bo co PivotTable n gin Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:

y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt PivotTable. D liu thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th thao, i din cho 3 min (region) trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy 12/6/2005). Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng c th thao, ct E l tng doanh thu, v cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi tit ca tng mt hng. y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li da vo bng tnh : Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ? 142

 Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng kh ch nht? Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no b n c nhiu nht? Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht? Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt PivotTable thy c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min. bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang chn mt (bt kz no) nm trong vng cha d liu m bn mun to PivotTable. Ri, bn nhn nt PivotTable nm trong nhm Insert ca thanh Ribbon:

Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:

143

Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44) c nhp sn trong hp Table/Range. Nu nh c c nt ty chn c chn ging ht trong hnh: Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy nhn OK ng hp thoi ny. Excel s to mt Sheet mi, v n s trng ging nh hnh sau y:

Ngi ta gi y l c i v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy: bn tri l vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau khi bn hon tt mt PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List, l ni m bn s quyt nh nhng d liu no s c hin th trn PivotTable, v cch sp xp ca chng. Ti s trnh by vi bn chi tit v ci PivotTable Field List ny trong mt bi khc. Cn by gi bn c tip tc . Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy nhn vo mc Region chn n (hoc bn nhn vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy mc Region ny t ng xut hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field 144

List, ng thi PivotTable cng t ng hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest, Northeast v South trong ct A:

Tip tc, bn nhn vo Camping chn n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut hin trong vng Values pha cui PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin th tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ng vi mi min. Cui cng, bn nhn vo c i mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of Camping trong khung Values, chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.

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Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format. Hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, chn Currency. Xong nhn OK hai ln ng tt c cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s ging nh sau hnh say. Nu thch, v cng d xem hn, bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels, sa n li thnh Region:

146

Hy vng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n rt n gin, v nu c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni thm mt vi kha cnh khc ca PivotTable: Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin. Nhng Field c chn vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt du kim ngay bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di ca PivotTable Field List, cho chng ta bit vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn vo mt bt kz trong vng bo co PivotTable. Cn nu khng mun kch hot n, th bn ch vic nhn ra ngoi, bt kz ch no trong bng tnh. Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt mi tn x xung (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng AutoFilter. Nhn vo , bn c th la chn nhng mc mun xem thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mun xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring min Midwest m thi, bn nhn vo nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn vo mc Midwest, bn s c kt qu nh hnh sau:

147

To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct
V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng b o c o PivotTable n gin nht. Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c nhiu ct cng nh nhiu hng hn. Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng video:

148

Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thit k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng trong bng i din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct B). Con s ct Title l s lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca chng ta l to mt PivotTable trnh by nhng thng tin mt dng d xem hn. C c bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. Nu bn lm ng, hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s ging nh sau:

149

Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn chn c ba. Excel s lm gip bn cc vic sau: em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable Kt qu c minh ha hnh sau y:

150

C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng ging ci hnh ny. Nu nh bn mun n ging ht hnh ny, hy nhn nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca hng no trong ct A (Clarkville chng hn), chn lnh Field Setting, ri bn nh du vo cc ty chn ca tab Layout & Print ging nh ti lm trong hnh sau y; v nu nh c i tn trong A3 ang l RowLabels, hy i n thnh Store. Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.

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Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh x c, nhng n khng phi l ci ti mun. Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt hng, u l Row Labels; cn ti th mun Category phi l mt ct ring, l Column Labels. Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai cch: Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy nhn vo nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v chn lnh Move To Column Labels. Nu nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc Category ra khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels. Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable ging nh sau:

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So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng bo co ny, chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi video gia cc ca hng vi nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim gia cc th loi video ca mt ca hng vi nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo PivotTable, bn c th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu phim hnh ng nht, phi khng? Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Field t Row Labels sang Column Labels, lm cho PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t dc thnh ngang. Ch "xoay", trong ting Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch? Nu nh t ny gi, bn va c bi ny, va t thc hnh, th bn hy lu li bng tnh. Chng ta s s dng PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau: To mt biu xoay (PivotChart). Hn gp li.

153

To mt PivotChart
Mt PivotChart chng c g kh c hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d liu ca mt PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng tm thy nhng biu bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart cng ging nh bt kz mt biu no trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc biu , hoc vic nh dng cho n, chng c g khc. Nu bn bit chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra PivotTable v PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v nhn vo nt PivotTable trong nhm Insert trn thanh Ribbon (nh ti trnh by bi 1), bn hy nhn vo c i mi tn nh di c i nt , v chn lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s gp hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi trn, nhng khi to xong PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i km theo. By gi chng ta s hc cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn thc hnh bi s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc bc sau: Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. Nu nh khng mun thy ci hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi ny c th bt tt bt c lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon):

Nhn nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon. Excel s hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:

154

 Chn Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu tng th hai (stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi. Nhn OK to biu . Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng ( tore) c i din bi mt "bar" trong biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category) c trong ca hng , c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.

155

Khi bn nhn vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp thoi PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis Fields v Legend Fields trong hp thoi ny lc cc d liu, iu chnh PivotChart hin th hay khng hin th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt kz vic lc d liu no bn thc hin trong hp thoi ny, cng s c p dng trong PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng thay i trong PivotTable. V d, ti nhn vo Axis Fields, v ch chn hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd. Biu s t ng v li nh sau:

156

Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable: S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt Workbook S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt Workbook khc S dng d liu kt hp t nhiu ngun kh c nhau nhng c cu trc ging nhau (consolidate ranges) S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny.

157

S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel

C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu ca mt bng tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, nh c trnh by bi 1. Mi vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng tnh cha d liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thit k theo dng mt List (trong Excel 2003), mt Table (Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau: Hng u tin cha tn cc Field (hoc tn ca cc ct) Hng th hai v nhng hng tip theo cha d liu Khng c hng b trng, nhng c th c nhng trng tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi "Phn tch d liu vi cc Table". Nu c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c chn khi bn m hp thoi Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng x c nh a ch ca ton b vng d liu v nhp n vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. Nu bn mun x c nh chnh x c a ch ca vng d liu ngun, bn c th chn mt trong 3 cch sau: Chn mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng d liu s c nhp vo t ng Nhp trc tip a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi S dng nt Select trong hp thoi chn vng d liu

158

C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bit vng d liu nm u, l to mt ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn vic nhp a ch hoc chn vng d liu mi khi bn mun tham chiu n chng. Tuy nhin, nu bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable, th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c sn mt ci tn, khi bn to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic nhp trc tip ci tn ny vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn l SalesData:

159

S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc

Nu d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm tron mt bng tnh khc, cc bc th to PivotTable hi kh c mt t. Bn s phi x c nh dy (a ch) cha d liu ngun, v tn ca workbook cha d liu ngun. Cch d nht thc hin vic ny, l m ng thi hai bng tnh. Mt ci s cha PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo c c bc sau: Chn (kch hot) workbook s to PivotTable. Nhn nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi Create PivotTable. Hy chc chn rng ty chn Select a Table or Range ang c chn. Nhn nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:

Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot n. Bn s vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh". Chn dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c tn ca workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh":

Nhn vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn vng chn v ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln". Nhn OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to. Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp nht (update) PivotTable nu ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti. 160

Khi bng tnh cha d liu ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa, bn s khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel s hin th mt thng bo li nu bn c lm vic . C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong cng mt bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny, tht ra rt hu ch, nht l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn bit nhng bng tnh cha mt bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no. Khi t PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc, bn vn c th c c nhng thng k, m khng cn thit phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc khi bn mun thng k d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt workbook trung gian, cha nhiu PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d liu ngun ring. C mt iu bn cn nn bit, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t "refresh" d liu, ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun thay i, bt k d liu ngun nm trong cng mt workbook vi PivotTable hay nm trong mt worbook khc. Vic tnh ton li bng tnh (recalculated) cng khng cp nht li d liu cho PivotTable. Bn phi thc hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch: Nhn chut phi vo PivotTable v chn lnh Refresh Data Nhn vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon (bn ch thy tab ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).

S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation Ranges)

Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc), tht ra khng phc tp nh c i tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt 161

PivotTable da trn hai hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc version trc). Nhng ngun d liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh kh c nhau. Nhng, chc nng Create PivotTable ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n gi, li khng h tr Multiple Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty chn ny. s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version trc ca Excel. Trong Excel 2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i. gi n ra, bn phi s dng nhng phm tt dng gi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard trong Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P. Nu nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt gi lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003, th bn c th s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010 th chng ging g Menu Bar ca Excel 2003. s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m bn mun dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c ngha l tt c nhng tiu ct (nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng (nm trong ct u tin bn tri) phi ging ht nhau. Nu nh c mt hng no, hoc ct no nm ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp vo trong bo co PivotTable. y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple Consolidation Ranges:

khi ng "Wizard", bn hy nhn Alt+D ri nhn thm phm P. V ti Step 1, nhn vo ty chn Multiple Consolidation Ranges:

162

Sau khi nhn Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty chn: Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page Field n, vi mi vng d liu ngun l mt mc (item) trong Page Field . Page Field c th tm hiu nh l chc nng lc "cp 1" ca PivotTable. Trong ca s PivotTable Field Lists, Page Field chnh l nhng mc nm trong khung Report Filter. Nu khng c, xem nh Page Field = All (xem tt c cc d liu). I will create the page fields Dng ty chn ny t to cc Page Field ca ring bn. Bn c th to ti a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field lc ra mt thnh phn no ca cc d liu. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for me Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy c 3 danh sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho cc b phn. V c 3 danh s ch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc hng, ct ny l ging nhau. to mt PivotTable da vo 3 danh sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo c c bc ti trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty 163

chn Create a Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau: Nhn vo nt Select bn phi hp Range Chn dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh. Nhn li vo nt Select a dy va chn vo trong khung Range.
Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, m ch cn dng chut chn trc tip dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu l bn nhn nt Select ri, nn cng s b qua lun bc 3 ny. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy bng chut, Excel s a bn vo thng bc 4 sau y.

Nhn nt Add thm dy va chn vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 chn v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai dy D3:D9 v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s ging nh sau:

Nhn Next sang Step 3. Ti y, bn c th chn New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt Sheet mi, hoc chn Existing worksheet v nhn chut vo ni bn mun to PivotTable ngay trong bng tnh ny. Click Finish. 164

Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:

Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn x xung, bn c th dng n lc ra ct mun xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu ngun ch c mt ct (Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng nu cc d liu ngun ca bn c nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn Row Labels cng c mt mi tn x xung, dng lc ra nhng hng mun xem. Nhng nt x xung ny l im c trng m bn c th thy trong tt c cc PivotTable. Cn nt x xung ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn lc ra d liu ngun no mun xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi nhn vo n. Cc mc Item1, Item2 v Item3 tham chiu n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable. Bn c th chn tng hp d liu theo tt c cc ngun (All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . Nu mun tng hp nhiu hn 1 ngun d liu, bn phi nhn vo ty chn Select Multiple Items.

165

Bn hy th s dng cc nt x xung bn cnh c c nhn, xem chng lm vic nh th no. Lc l mt trong chc nng quan trng nht ca mt PivotTable, bn cn hiu r cch lc ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng tip cn vi nhng chc nng cao cp hn. Trong PivotTable m chng ta thc hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total, l mt mc nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng ta ch c 1 ct, nn khng cn thit n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b ci ct ny i trong bi sau. To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c cng cu trc Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d liu kiu nh: B o c o doanh thu qu{ I, B o c o doanh thu qu{ II, B o c o doanh thu qu III, v.v..., bn nn s dng PivotTable, vi ty chn th 2 khi ang trong Step 2a ca PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard: I will create the page fields. Ty chn ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu trc, m nhng ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng tng hp (theo qu{, theo nm, theo th ng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:

166

y l 4 bng tng hp s hc sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng hc kz trong hai nm hc 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester .... Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty chn I will create the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo c c bc sau: 1. Nhp khi d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range 2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges 3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 khi d liu cn li (D2:D8, A11:B17, v D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny, mn hnh ca bn s ging nh hnh sau:

167

4. Nhn vo ty chn 2 phn How many page fields do you want? 5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c ti a 4 trang tng hp). 6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi { tng cho vic thng k d liu. Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch khc, bn cn thng k d liu theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu ca 4 d liu ngun. chng ta c hai nm hc: 2005 v 2006, v hai hc kz (semester): hc kz 1 v hc kz 2. Vy, { tng hay nht, c l l thng k theo nm lc ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v ng thi cng thng k theo tng hc kz, lc ra d liu ca tng hc kz hoc c 2 hc kz. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l{ do ti sao bc 4 trn y, ti ni bn nhn vo ty chn 2. Mi bn tip tc:

168

7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, chn dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu ca hc kz 1 nm 2002. 8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one. 9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two. 10. Chn tip dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca hc kz 1 nm 2003. 11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one. 12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th chn n t nt mi tn x xung. 13. Chn dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca hc kz 2 nm 2002. 14. Chn Year 2002 t nt mi tn x xung cho Field one. 15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.

169

16. Chn dy cui cng: D11:E17, chn Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2 cho Field two t c c nt mi tn x xung. Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt Sheet khc, ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta ging nh sau, l mt PivotTable tng hp tt c s hc sinh t yu cu ca c hai nm hc 2002 v 2003, thng k chi tit theo tng mn hc:

Nu bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai la chn: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng vy, khi nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai la chn: Semester 1 v Semester 2. Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i bng cch: nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v chn Remove Grand Total t menu m ra.

170

To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co PivotTable c

La chn cui cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable hoc mt PivotChart c. Ni c ch kh c, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt PivotTable c lm Raw Data cho b o c o th hai. C hai c ch to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable c: Nu bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic gi lnh to mt PivotTable nh vn thng lm, v chn mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun cho n. Nu bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty chn Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty chn ny ch xut hin khi bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable). Sau khi bn nhn Next, bn s thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc PivotChart ang c, ri bn chn mt c i lm d liu ngun. Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt PivotTable khc? Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn 171

PivotTable th hai s c cng mt d liu ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht. Nhng vi vic nh dng cho bn PivotTable th hai, bn s to ra c hai cch xem cho cng mt d liu ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii php x l d liu. V d, bn c mt PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn mt t rc ri (v d liu c nhiu vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt PivotTable na da vo PivotTable c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th hn, d xem hn v d liu ngun. Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable c, s t chim dng b nh h thng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu ngun. Thit ngh y cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l nhng d liu ln. S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable Excel c mt s cng c c thit k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn s thy nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c mt PivotTable c kch hot.

Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design

Tm hiu PivotTable Field List

C l cng c m bn s phi ng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi PivotTable l Field List. Bn dng Field List ch ra loi d liu no s c a vo b o c o PivotTable, v sp xp chng trong bo co. Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi , PivotTable Field List hin th tt c nhng Field c trong d liu ngun. y l mt v d:

172

Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List, cha c field no c chn

thm mt field no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo hp kim ngay bn cnh tn field. Excel s thm field vo mt trong 4 vng nm phn di ca PivotTable Field List. Bn vng ny l: 1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lc ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th nhng d liu no tha mn iu kin ca Report Filter. 2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable. 3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu hng cho bo co PivotTable. 173

4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng theo mc nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca PivotTable, ni c ch kh c, y chnh l nhng thng k t d liu ngun, m bn mun c khi s dng PivotTable. Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bit bn mun em field vo vng no ? n gin thi: Nu field ch cha nhng d liu l s, th n s c em vo trong vng Values, cn nu field c cha nhng loi d liu khc (text, ngy thng...) th n s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng no th khng quan trng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc, nu thy cn thit. Xem v d sau y, minh ha mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s bit cch to ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng m ti nh s trong hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti va trnh by trn. 1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca bo co ( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng lc ton b d liu ngun. 2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l c c tiu hng ca bo co PivotTable. 3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l c c tiu ct ca bo co PivotTable. 4. Camping (chnh x c hn, l um of Camping) c t trong vng Values, v n l cc d liu c lc ra trong bo co PivotTable. Bi tip theo s trnh by cch s dng Field List sp xp cch trnh by mt PivotTable theo nh { bn mun.

174

........ PivotTable Field List, vi cc field c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di

175

S dng PivotTable Field List

bi trc, bn bit rng khi a mt Field vo trong mt vng ca Field List, th n s nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni c ch kh c, vic a Field vo mt trong bn vng ca Field List s nh hng th no n cu trc ca PivotTable. Bi ny s trnh by cho bn thay i cu trc bng cch s dng Field List. Trc ht, mi bn m file SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cui bi ny). Yu cu t ra l thng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) b n c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Bn theo c c bc sau: 1. Nhn con tr vo bt kz no trong vng d liu. 2. Nhn nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create PivotTable. 3. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u

176

4. Trong Field List, chn (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store, Region, Camping, v Date. Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s ging hnh 3.5.

PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa

Bn thy y. Field Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi Excel thy chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s. Field Region v Date c em vo trong vng Row Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng v text. D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc hn, v c bn th n ch c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l thng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) b n c theo ca hng 177

(Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm t c mc ch, l sp xp li cc field trong cc vng ca Field List. Bn c th di chuyn mt field sang vng khc bng hai cch: Click vo field mun di chuyn v r (drag) n vo trong vng khc. Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn cnh tn field ( trong mt vng no ), ri chn lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mun di field ny n).

Dng nt mi tn x xung di field Region vo vng Report Filter

V thc hin nhng vic sau: Di field Region vo vng Report Filter Di field Store (ang mang tn l um of tore) vo vng Column Labels PivotTable ca bn lc ny s ging nh hnh sau:

178

PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa

Cui cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t: Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung cnh field Sum of Camping trong vng Values Chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value Field Settings.

179

Chn Value Field Setting cho field Sum of Camping

Nhn vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc.

180

Nhn nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells

Chn loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri nhn OK hai ln tr v PivotTable. PivotTable ca bn cui cng s ging nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g chng ta mun.

181

PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu

Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List

Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn nhn chut vo bt kz ch no trong PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field List s t ng m ra. Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng cch nhn vo nt Field List trn Ribbon Options (v nhn vo mt ln na m n ra li).

Nhn vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List

Cng ging nh mi hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Field List ti bt kz ni no bn thch bng cch nhn vng tiu ca hp thoi v r chut i, hoc thu nh n li hay m rng n ra bng cch nhn v ko cc cnh bin. 182

Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Field pha trn, v sp xp 4 vng d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay i s sp xp ny bng cch nhn vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca hp thoi Field List, v chn 1 trong 5 kiu hin th t menu m ra:

Chn cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List

Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty chn na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer Layout Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong PivotTable.

183

Nhn vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable

Bnh thng, ty chn ny khng c bt. Bt kz nhng thay i no ca bn trong hp thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc field, thit lp nh dng s cho mt field no , v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable. Nu bn c mt PivotTable ln, phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun d liu t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp nht ny s din ra kh chm chp v mt thi gian. Bn c th bt ty chn Defer Layout Update tm ngng vic t ng cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc Field vo cc vng d liu, bn nhn nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp nht cng mt lc.

184

Chng 5: Th Trong Excel

Gii thiu th
th gip trnh by c c s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh c c hnh nh trc quan, d hiu. th c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th kh c nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch kh c nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi hc ny. th l mt i tng (object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi th l th nm trong WorkSheet (cn gi l Embedded chart) v Chart heet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi th ny ta lm nh sau: Chn th Chart Tools Design Location Move Chart chn Object in + Tn Sheet ( th nm trong Worksheet) hay chn New sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.

Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart

185

V th
Phn ny trnh by c c bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s ty chn ca th. Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca c c nhm kh ch hng phn theo tui c cho nh hnh bn di, nu chng ta dng kt qu ny b o c o cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin b o c o s sinh ng v thuyt phc hn nu chng ta bin c c con s ny thnh th c nhn thy mt c ch trc quan hn.

ng s liu nghin cu

Hy lm theo c c bc sau v th: B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun c c nhn ca c c ct. B2. Chn kiu th t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhm th bao gm nhiu kiu kh c nhau, v d chng ta chn nhm Column Clustered Column.

186

Chn kiu th

B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy nhin chng ta c th i c c b tr ca c c thnh phn trn th. hn th Chart Tools Design Chart Layout Chn c ch b tr thch hp. V d ta chn kiu Layout 3 trong Chart Layout.

187

La chn layout

B4. o c c chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh ny khi c c th bc trn cha hin th ng nh mong mun. V d chng ta mun nhm c c nhm tui li d so s nh gia c c th ng vi nhau.

o dng ct

188

B5. Nu thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu kh c bng c ch: Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi Insert Chart hin th lit k ton b c c kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn la chn.

Hp thoi Insert Chart v chn kiu th khc

B6. Ngoi ra, nu bn thy tng mu ca th cha p th vo chn Chart Tools Design Chart Styles chn More ( ).

189

Chn Chart Style

Cc thao tc trn th Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th

Cc thnh phn thng dng

190

1. Chart Title 2. Chart Area 3. Plot Area

7. Horizontal Axis 8. Data Table 9. Horizontal Axis itle 10. Vertical Gridlines 11. Vertical Axis 12. Vertical Axis Title

4. Data Label

5. Legend 6. Horizontal Gridlines

Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th -D Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn c c cnh bn ca th Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th Column depth: su ca c c thnh phn biu din chui s liu di dng 3-D.

b. Cc thao tc vi th
Chn thnh phn trn th C ch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn chn, thnh phn c chn s c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh. Khi th c chn, chng ta c th dng c c phm mi tn di chuyn n c c thnh phn trong th. Ngoi ra, bn c th chn c c thnh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current Selection

191

Chn thnh phn trn th

Di chuyn th th l Embedded Chart, nhp tr i chut ln th vng Chart Area chn th di chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k{ hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem hnh di). Gi tr i chut v di chuyn th n ni kh c. Thay i kch thc th th l Embedded Chart, hp tr i chut ln th vng Chart Area chn th cn thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm. Di chuyn chut vo c c nt ny, gi tr i chut v ko hng v tm th thu nh v hng ra ngoi phng to. Sao chp th Chn th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di chuyn n mt no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> d n th vo. Xa th Chn th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart heet, trc tin hy chn Chart heet, sau nhp phi chut v chn Delete t menu ng cnh hin ra. Thm cc thnh phn ca th 192

Chn th chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dng c c nhm lnh to c c thnh phn tng ng trn th c thit k sn nh ta , ch thch, c c nhn, ng li, Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch, nhn. Mun di chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut chn n, sau nhp v gi tr i ti cnh ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th. Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout chn t c c danh s ch thit k sn. xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut chn thnh phn v nhn phm Delete.

Cc thnh phn trn th

In th In th cng ging nh in c c i tng kh c ca Excel lu { Print Preview trc khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung. Nu bn mun in th thnh mt trang ring th hy chn th v nhp nt Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang chn.

Hiu chnh v nh dng th

Vic hiu chnh v nh dng c c thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng c c hp thoi. C ch d thc hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh phn cn nh dng v chn Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. au y l minh ha hiu chnh v nh dng mt s thnh phn ca th. Hiu chnh Chart Area

193

 Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho Chart Area bnh c ch: chn Chart Area nhp phi chut chn Format Chart Area

nh dng Chart Area

Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape Styles c cung cp rt nhiu mu nh dng dng sn rt p. Ghi ch: Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang chn Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn ang chn 194

 Border Styles: C c kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang chn. Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang chn 3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang chn.

nh dng b ng ibbon

Hiu chnh Flot Area Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu nh dng Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut tr i vo c c nt bao quan Plot Area v ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area phng to. Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, Ty theo kiu th ang x l{ m Excel cho php bn hiu chnh c c loi tiu ca kiu th . thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title la chn kiu t danh s ch 195

 thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh s ch thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la chn kiu t danh sch thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels la chn kiu t danh s ch thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table la chn kiu t danh s ch. Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn c c Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout Insert Text Box.

Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source

Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc

196

 Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, ri vo Chart Tools Layout Axes Gridlines chn kiu ph hp t danh s ch. hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th chn n v vo Chart Tools Format Shape Style chn kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu. Hiu chnh t Mun hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy chn trc nhp phi chut chn Fo mat Axis au y l gii thch c c thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Hp thoi Format xis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn chn

Value Axis Hu ht c c th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc honh. C c bn nn chn th bit r hn cng dng ca c c ty chn. 197

Minimum X c nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u) o Auto Excel t x c nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Maximum X c nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr kt thc) o Auto Excel t x c nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Major unit X c nh gi tr c c khong chia chnh trn trc. o Auto Excel t x c nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Minor unit X c nh gi tr c c khong chia ph trn trc. o Auto Excel t x c nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Values in reverse order o th t sp xp c c gi tr trn trc Logarithmic scale Chuyn c c gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui nh ti Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0) Display units Chn n v hin th trn trc. Show display units label on chart Cho hin th c c nhn n v trn th Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn th. o None Khng s dng o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc 198

 Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn th. Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc o None Khng s dng o High Hin th pha bn phi trc o Low Hin th pha bn tr i trc o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh) Horizontal axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch m trc tung ct trc honh (i vi th 3-D chnh l ty chn Floor crosses at) o Automatic Do Excel t x c nh. o Axis value X c nh gi tr m c c trc s giao nhau o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc (tung) Category Axis Interval between tick marks X c nh s th hin c c nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm). Interval between labels X c nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia o Automatic Excel t x c nh (thng l 1) o Specify interval unit X c nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc. Categories in reverse order C c nhm th hin theo th t ngc li Label distance from axis X c nh khong c ch ca nhn so vi trc Axis Type X c nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis

199

 Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn th. Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc Vertical axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch m trc tung ct trc tung o Automatic Do Excel t x c nh. o At category number X c nh s nhm m ti c c trc s giao nhau o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc Position Axis Qui nh c ch hin th ca c c nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k{ hiu phn cch o Between tick marks Hin gia c c k{ hiu phn cch Time Scale Axis Minimum X c nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u) Maximum X c nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc (ngy kt thc) Major unit X c nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, th ng hay nm) Minor unit X c nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, th ng hay nm) Base Unit X c nh n v tnh cho trc Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc Axis Type X c nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis 200

 Major tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh c ch hin th k{ hiu phn c ch ph trn th. Axis labels X c nh c ch hin th c c nhn trn trc Vertical Axis crosses C c la chn qui nh c ch trc tung giao vi trc honh o Between dates Do Excel t x c nh o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc Position Axis Qui nh c ch hin th ca c c nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k{ hiu phn c ch o Between tick marks Hin gia c c k{ hiu phn c ch

Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th

Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th Chn chui s liu trn th (V d: chn ng cung) Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th

201

Minh ha xa chu i ng cung khi th

Thm chui mi vo th Chn th cn thm chui mi vo. Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn vo t bn phm) v chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng c ch chp (Ctrl+C) d liu ca n vo b nh, sau chn th v d n (Ctrl+V) vo th.

202

Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thng 3 200 vo th

Thay i chui s liu Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mun ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp Chn th cn chnh sa Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho c c chui s liu kh c. 203

Minh ha thay i chu i s liu

Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm eries cho th. C ph p nh sau: = Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong : Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn trc tip vo nh t trong cp nh y kp. Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha c c nhn cho c c nhm s liu trn trc, nu b trng Excel t nh s c c nhm bt u l s 1. C th nhp trc tip c c nhn vo Tab c ch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}. Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca c c chui cn v. Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca c c chui (nu th c nhiu hn 1 chui) Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng trong phn tch ti chnh). C c gi tr c th nhp trc tip Tab c ch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.

204

Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3 200

Thm ng xu hng vo th Khi v c c th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu hng bit c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu hng ty theo c ch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vo: Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline chn kiu ng xu hng t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options

205

Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo th

206

Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh

Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel
Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem trc quan gip bn c th thy c kt qu in ngay trn mn hnh. C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview. truy cp cc ch xem vo nhm View chn Workbook Views chn kiu xem. Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhp liu, tnh to n, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel. Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn c th tnh ton v nhp liu. Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti y bn c th chia li trang bng cch ko th c c ng chia cch trang.

Thit lp thng s cho trang in

Tt c cc ty chn thit lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout nhm Page Setup (Margins: ty chn l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay dc, Size: ty chn kh giy, Print Area: ty chn vng in, Breaks: ty chn ngt trang, Background: chn hnh nn, Print Titles: ty chn in tiu lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thit lp cc thng s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn vo nhm Page Layout n nhm Page Setup nhn vo nt

207

208

Chiu trang in (Orientation) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation chn Portrait (trang dc)/ chn Landscape (trang ngang) 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Orientation chn chiu trang in Portrait / Landscape Kh giy (Size) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size chn kh giy 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Page size chn giy Canh l giy (Margins) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins chn kiu cha l 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Margins nhp cc gi tr vo Top (l trn), Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u 209

trang), Footer (l tiu chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty chn canh gia: Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang theo chiu dc) Chn vng in (Set Print Area) Qut chn vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area Set Print Area. Ngt trang (Page Break) Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page Break. (Nu khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v dc) B tng du ngt trang: Di chuyn hin hnh n nm ngay di du, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break. B tt c nh du ngt trang: Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Reset All Page Breaks. Thm hnh nn (Background) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background chn hnh lu tr trn my nhn nt Insert In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings chn Print In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut chn dng s 1 vo $1:$1 B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut chn ct A $A:$A B4. Nhn OK hon tt. 210

Hnh minh ha chn in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A

iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang nht nh khi ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c th thu nh ti liu n 10% v phng to ti 400%. Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Height. In ng li ca cc in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta chn Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Gridline Print. Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer) Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin xut hin cui mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/ 211

Footer trong hp thoi Page etup thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v trc quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo. Vo Ribbon View chuyn sang ch xem Page Layout Tin hnh thm Header v Footer vo. Lu bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design mi hin ra.

Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer Nt lnh M lnh &[Page] &[Pages] &[Date] &[Time] &[Path]&[File] Chc nng Hin th s trang ti liu Hin th tng s trang c in Hin th ngy hin ti Hin th gi hin ti Hin th ng dn y n ni lu tp tin v Tn tp tin Hin th tn tp tin Hin th tn sheet Chn hnh la chn vo. Bn phi tm n hnh cn chn vo trong hp thoi Insert Picture, 212

&[File] &[Tab] Khng c

chn hnh v nhn nt Insert. Khng c Thit lp cc thng c cho hnh chn vo.

Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on vn bn trong Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu ny 2 ln &&. V d bn mun nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy nhp Cng thc && Hm. C c la chn khc ca Header v Footer: Different First Page: Nu chn th bn c th thit lp thng tin khc vo header/ footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang cn li trong ti liu. Different Odd & Even Pages: Nu chn, th bn c th t header/ footer khc nhau cho cc trang chn v cc trang l. Scale With Document: Nu chn, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s tng gim theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh. Align With Page Margins: Nu chn, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer canh u vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu.

Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print

gi hp thoi Print, bn chn nt Office chn Print hay nhn t hp phm <Ctrl+P>. Dng hp thoi ny chn my in, chn trang cn in, chn s lng bn sao v mt s ty chn khc.

213

 Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc nhn lnh Office Print Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay c c sheet ang chn. Entire workbook: In ton b workbook Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, nu chn th ch in bng ny. Ignore print areas: Khi chn, Excel s b qua tt c cc thit lp vng in thc hin. 214

Cc lu khc
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mun in ra. Khi bn lm theo cc cch sau. n cc dng hay ct cha thng tin . Home Cells Format Chn lnh n. T mu ch ging vi mu nn ca cc . V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm. Ngn khng cho in cc i tng Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng mun in th lm nh sau: B1. Nhp phi chut ln i tng v chn Size and Properties. B2. Chn ngn Properties trong hp thoi B3. B la chn ti Print Object.

215

Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro

Macro
Macros l c c tnh nng cao cp, c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh dng m bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng ghi li nhng hnh ng m bn chn menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng c th c hon thnh trong mt bc.

Ghi mt Macro
ghi mt Macro: Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon Kch Macros Kch Record Macro

Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch) Nhp mt phm tt Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t

216

 thc hin Macro: Kch Macro Kch Stop Recording

Thc thi Macro

thc thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn chn chy Macro. Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v thc thi bng cch: Kch Macros Kch View Macros Chn mt Macro v kch Run

217

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