Introduction to Civil Engineering Profession

Structure in Architecture
Dr Arun Menon
Assistant Professor, Structural Engineering Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras
Phone no.: 044-22574299, E-mail: arunmenon@iitm.ac.in

16th August 2010

CE1010 JulyNovember2010
IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai600036

ANCIENTEGYPTIANARCH

GREEKARCH

GOLDENMEAN

ROMANESQUEARCHGOTHICARCH
VITRUVIANSCALE

ROMANARCH

EARLYCHRISTIANARCH

PROPOTIONS

RENAISSANCEARCH

BAROQUE+ROCCOCO

NEWTONAGE

ARTMOVEMENTSMODERNARCHHIGHTECHMODERNEXPRESSIONISMDECONSTRUCTIVISM
DESIGNEDSTRUCTURES

COMPUTERGENERATEDDESIGNS

Significant Movements in Architecture

EGYPTIANGREEKROMAN
-3120

-560

720

GOTHICRENAISSANCE
1360

STEELSKYSCRAPERSHIGHTECHARCHITECTUREDIGITALARCHITECTURE

18401960

PRESENT

1680

SMARTSTRUCTURES

Structure

STACKINGPOST&LINTELARCHESFLYINGBUTTRESSSPACE
FRAMES

CONCRETEGRIDFRAMEADVANCEDSHELLS COMPUTERAIDEDCOMPUTERGENERATEDSMART
STRUCTURE

ARCHITECTURE

The evolution

GREEKROMANGOTHIC/RENAISSANCESTEEL

STRUCTURAL

EGYPTIAN

STACKINGPOST&LINTELARCHES

-3120

-560

STONE

VAULTSFLYINGBUTTRESSFRAMES

720

1360

1680

1840

BRICKCASTIRONROMANCONCRETESTEEL

ARCHITECTURE

The evolution

STRUCTURAL

SKYSCRAPERSADVANCED SHELLSHIGHTECHARCHITECTUREDIGITALARCHITECTUREGREENBUILDING

CONCRETEGRIDTUBESHYPERBPOLICSHELLSCOMPUTERGENERATEDSMARTSTRUCTURES

19401960
R.C.C.GLAZING

PRESENT
SPECIALSTEEL/ALLOYSFRP

SMARTMATERIALS

The Stonehenge, Salisbury, UK

Prehistoric monument (approx. 2600 BC) composed of earthwork around a

circular set of standing stones (supporting lintels held in place by tenon and
mortise joints) used as a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.

Mohenjodaro, Sind
One of the largest city-settlements (2600 BC 1500 BC) of the Indus Valley
Civilization, apparently supported a population of around 5 million!

Lothal, Gujarat

Dating around 2600 BC, Lothal is

one of Indias oldest
archaeological sites, a city of the
Indus Valley Civilization and one
of its earliest planned towns.

The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

The Great Pyramid of Cheops, built in 2560 BC with approximately 2.3 million blocks of
limestone, transported to the site from nearby quarries, stands 138 m tall.

The Cheops, Giza

Queen Hatshepsut Temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt (1550

Source:

The Temple of Artemis, Greece

The Temple of Artemis, Greece

Marcus Vitruvius in De Architectura: Buildings should exemplify firmitas,

utilitas, venustas; they should be safe, useful and beautiful.

Hadrians Pantheon, Rome

Hadrians Pantheon, Rome

Puente Alcantara, Spain

Roman Aqueducts, Pont du Gard, France

Roman Bridge at Cuidad Rodrigo

The Brahadeeswara Temple, Tanjore, 1010

AD

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 AD)

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642 AD)

The Flying Buttresses and the

Gothic Churches

The Flying Buttresses and the Gothic Churches

The Flying Buttresses and the Gothic Churches

Fallingwater, Pennsylvania FL Wright

Fallingwater, Pennsylvania FL Wright

Sydney Opera House, Jrn Utzon

Sydney Opera House, Jrn Utzon

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, Frank Gehry

...the randomness of the curves were designed to capture light

CITATIONS
1.Prof. M.S. Mathews lecture for CE 1010, 2009
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vitruvius.jpg
3.SLIDE 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/Stonehenge_sulis.jpg
4.http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/stonehenge_air.jpg
5.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpeg
6.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg
7.http://cache.virtualtourist.com/4043369-Hatshepsuts_temple-Ad_Dayr_al_Bahri.jpg
8.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallingwater
9.http://cars9.uchicago.edu/~ravel/software/images/artemis/TempleOfArtemis.jpg
10.http://www.dialbforblog.com/archives/181/artemis_templex.jpg
11.http://extremadurasolohayuna.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/puentealcantara.jpg
12.http://www.kmkz.com/jonesj/gallery/Pont%20du%20Gard,%20Roman%20Aqueduct.jpg
13.http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_N4pVFVLLq7s/SlhxF_Z0MgI/AAAAAAAAELU/0aDo5lz_1f0/s400/11+bridge.j
pg
14.http://www.polatkaya.net/PantheonInside.jpg
15.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Pantheon.drawing.jpg
16.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leonardo_self.jpg
17.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
18.Bickford, W.B. [1993] Mechanics of Materials
19.Source: http://lh3.ggpht.com/_rp2Qk3o1NoY/RUUbFnCbABI/AAAAAAAAADM/DRfJc536uU/Brihadeshwara+Temple,+India.jpg
20.http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/Flying_Buttresses.gif
21.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gothic_cathedral_ceiling_construction.jpg/
450px-Gothic_cathedral_ceiling_construction.jpg
22.http://www.prague.net/gallery/st-vitus-cathedral/images/14th_century_gothic_interior_.jpg
http://adamschneider.net/photos/2004-03-france/image/pt3050026.jpg
23.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao