Huong Dan DTM KCN

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
HNG DN LP BO CO
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
D N XY DNG KT CU H TNG
KHU CNG NGHIP
H Ni, 10/2009
Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

cng nghip - 10/2009
Li ni u
Tun th Lut Bo v Mi trng v cc vn bn di lut, cng tc bo v mi
trng ni chung v nh gi tc ng mi trng ni ring c trin khai thc
hin trn a bn c nc. T nm 1994 n nay, nhiu d n u t lp bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng, c Hi ng thm nh cc cp t Trung ng ti a
phng t chc thm nh v cp Quyt nh ph chun.
Ni dung ch yu ca mt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c nu trong
Ngh nh 175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v
Mi trng 1993 trc y v trong Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006
ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh
gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca Ngh nh
80/2006/N-CP v Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005. Tuy nhin, y l nhng quy nh
chung v ni dung i vi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca tt c cc lnh
vc sn xut v dch v, trong khi nhiu lnh vc, nhiu ngnh khc nhau c nhng
c th ring c v tnh cht ngun thi, c v quy m v phm vi tc ng mi
trng. iu i hi cn phi c nhng hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng
mi trng ring cho tng ngnh, tng lnh vc c th nhm nng cao cht lng bo
co cng nh cht lng thm nh.
Vi mc ch nu trn, t nm 1998 n nay, Cc Mi trng (thuc B khoa hc,
Cng ngh v Mi trng) trc y v V Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi
trng (thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) hin nay phi hp vi mt s c quan
chuyn mn t chc nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn ny khi ban hnh nhn c nhiu
s ng h v gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc nh qun l, cc t chc t vn, cc t
chc ti chnh v cc doanh nghip.
Tip theo cc hng dn ban hnh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xin gii thiu
bn Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h
tng khu cng nghip (bao gm c khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao,
cm cng nghip v cm lng ngh).
Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh khn vng mc xin kp thi phn
nh v V Thm nh v nh gia tc ng mi trng theo a ch:
CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
S 83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni
T 04-7734247, Fax: 04-7734198
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cng nghip - 10/2009
MC LC
M U ........................................................................................................................ 5
1. GII THIU ............................................................................................................................................... 5
2. CC C S PHP L V K THUT THC HIN TM ........................................... 5
2.1. C s php l .................................................................................................... 5
2.2. C s k thut ................................................................................................... 7
2.3. Phng php thc hin TM ........................................................................... 7
3. QUY TRNH TM .................................................................................................................................. 8
4. NI DUNG CA BO CO TM ................................................................................................ 9
5. I TNG S DNG BN HNG DN LP BO CO TM CC D
N XY DNG KT CU H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP......................................... 10
CHNG 1. M T TM TT D N ................................................................ 11
1.1. TN D N ......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2. CH D N ........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.3. V TR A L D N .................................................................................................................. 11
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N...................................................................................... 12
1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n.................................................. 12
1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n ......................................................... 13
1.4.3. Mt bng tng th ca d n ....................................................................... 13
1.4.4. H tng k thut ca d n.......................................................................... 14
1.4.5. Chi ph u t d n .................................................................................... 16
1.4.6. T chc qun l d n ................................................................................. 17
1.4.7. Tin thc hin d n ............................................................................... 17
CHNG 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI
....................................................................................................................................... 19
2.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 19
2.2. CC VN TRNG TM ...................................................................................................... 19
2.3. KHO ST V NH GI MI TRNG NN ........................................................ 20
2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn ...................... 20
2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn ....................................................................... 24
2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn ................................................................. 32
CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ........................................ 34
3.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 34
3.2. XC NH I TNG CHU TC NG.................................................................... 34
3.3. XC NH NGUN GY TC NG ............................................................................... 34
3.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi .......................................... 35
3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi .................................... 35
3.3.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra..................................... 36
3.4. NH GI TC NG................................................................................................................ 37
3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n ..................................................................... 37
3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng........... 38
3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s ....................... 38
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3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ......................... 41

3.4.5. nh gi tc ng tng hp ........................................................................ 47
3.4.6. nh gi v cc phng php s dng trong TM .................................... 57
CHNG 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA
V NG PH S C MI TRNG ................................................................... 58
4.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 58
4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON N B V GII
PHNG MT BNG ............................................................................................................................... 58
4.3. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON XY DNG H
TNG C S ............................................................................................................................................... 59
a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang ...................................................................... 59
b. Bn bc tch b mt .......................................................................................... 59
c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn .................................................................. 59
d. Nc thi sinh hot............................................................................................ 59
e. Cht thi rn sinh hot ...................................................................................... 59
f. Cht thi xy dng.............................................................................................. 60
g. Du m thi ....................................................................................................... 60
h. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng .......... 60
i. Tnh trng ngp ng ........................................................................................... 60
k. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn ................................................. 60
l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng ....................... 60
m. Tai nn lao ng ............................................................................................... 60
n. N bom mn tn lu trong lng t ................................................................... 61
o. S c chy .......................................................................................................... 61
4.4. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON KHAI THC V VN
HNH ............................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.4.1. Tun th cc phng n quy hoch............................................................. 61
4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim khng kh ..................................................................... 61
4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi ................................................................ 62
4.4.4. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi ........................ 62
4.4.5. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi ......................... 64
4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng ....................................................................... 64
CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ... 65
5.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 65
5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG .................................................................. 66
a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ...................................................................... 66
b. T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng ..................................................... 67
5.3. CHNG TRNH GIM T MI TRNG ................................................................... 68
a. Gim st cht thi .............................................................................................. 68
b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh ...................................................................... 71
CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG ................................................ 76
6.1. THU THP CC THNG TIN V KINH T - X HI .............................................. 76

cng nghip - 10/2009
6.2. LY KIN CA CHNH QUYN CP X V CC VN MI

TRNG ........................................................................................................................................................ 76
CHNG 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI D N XY DNG KT
CU H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP................................................................... 77
7.1. M U ................................................................................................................................................ 77
7.2. CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N ................................................................................. 77
7.3. CHNG 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ..... 78
7.4. CHNG 3: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ................................................... 78
7.5. CHNG 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG .................................................................................................... 79
7.6. CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L VGIM ST MI TRNG ....... 79
7.7. CHNG 6: THAM VN KIN CNG NG ............................................................. 80
7.8. KT LUN V KIN NGH....................................................................................................... 80
PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 81
1. M HNH NH GI TC NG TCH HP ................................................................... 81
CA CC NGUN THI TI MI TRNG ......................................................................... 81
2. M HNH D BO LAN TRUYN NHIM KHNG KH ..................................... 89
3. M HNH D BO NHIM NGUN NC.................................................................. 92
4. H S PHT THI CA MT S LOI HNH CNG NGHIP........................... 102
5. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG X L NC
THI................................................................................................................................................................ 111
6. MT S CU HNH X L NC THI .......................................................................... 112
7. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC.................................................................................. 113
8. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NUI TRNG THY SN ............................... 116
9. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NH BT THY SN ..................................... 119

cng nghip - 10/2009
M U
1. Gii thiu
Theo Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh
mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, cc d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu
cng nghip thuc d n phi lp bo co TM v nm s th t 10 ca ph lc I,
bng Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co TM v trnh np thm nh ti B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng (theo mc 9, ph lc II).
Vic xy dng bn hng dn k thut v TM v lp bo co TM cho cc d n
loi ny l mt nhim v cp thit.
2. Cc c s php l v k thut thc hin TM
2.1. C s php l
C s php l thc hin TM l cc vn bn php quy ca Nh nc, Chnh ph,
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v ca chnh quyn a phng ni thc hin d n.
Di y xin dn ra cc vn bn lin quan n TM ca Nh nc, Chnh ph v B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng:
1. Lut u t 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 29
thng 11 nm 2005;
2. Lut Bo v mi trng 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua
ngy 19/11/2005;
3. Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut u t;
4. Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s diu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
5. Ngh nh 81/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh v x pht
vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng;
6. Ngh nh s 68/2005/N-CP ngy 20/5/2005 ca Chnh ph v an ton ha
cht;
7. Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht
thi rn;
8. Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/05/2007 ca Chnh ph v thot nc
th v khu cng nghip;
9. Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo v
mi trng i vi nc thi;
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10. Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic

cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun
nc;
11. Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh Ph v vic Sa i,
b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca
Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi;
12. Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 8/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v
cam kt bo v mi trng;
trng v qui nh qun l v bo v mi trng khu kinh t, khu cng ngh
cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip.
trng hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k cp php
hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi;
trng v vic Hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c s gy
nhim mi trng cn x l;
16. Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi cht thi
nguy hi;
17. Quyt nh s 29/1999/Q-BXD ngy 22/10/1999 ca B trng B Xy dng
ban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng trong ngnh xy dng;
18. Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng;
19. Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v
vic Ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v
sinh lao ng;
20. Cc vn bn php l lin quan n vic thc hin d n.
Vn bn chp thun ch trng quy hoch d n;
Vn bn chp thun a im quy hoch d n;
Vn bn ph duyt quy hoch d n;

cng nghip - 10/2009
Vn bn n b v ti nh c cho d n;
2.2. C s k thut
Cc ti liu c s dng khi thc hin TM cho cc d n Xy dng kt cu h tng
khu cng nghip bao gm:
1. D n u t hay bo co nghin cu kh thi ca chnh d n (bn tho);
2. Quy hoch thit k xy dng ca chnh d n;
3. Thuyt minh thit k ca chnh d n;
4. Bo co a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn ca chnh d n;
5. Cc bn v ca chnh d n nh:
S qui hoch tng mt bng;
S qui hoch h thng giao thng;
S qui hoch h thng cp in;
S qui hoch h thng cp nc;
S qui hoch h thng thot nc ma;
S qui hoch h thng thu gom v x l nc thi;
S qui hoch h thng bi trung chuyn cht thi rn;
6. Bo co hin trng mi trng ca tnh / thnh ni d n trin khai thc hin;
7. Bo co hin trng kinh t - x hi ca x / phng v huyn / th / qun ni d
n trin khai thc hin;
8. Bo co hin trng v qui hoch pht trin cng nghip trn a bn tnh / thnh
ni d n trin khai thc hin;
9. Cc hng dn thc hin bo co TM ca Ngn hng Th gii v ca mt s
nc trn th gii;
10. Cc h s pht thi ca Ngn hng Th gii, T chc Y t Th gii cng nh
cc t chc, Quc gia khc;
11. Cc m hnh nh gi v d bo nhim;
12. Cc ti liu lin quan khc;
2.3. Phng php thc hin TM
1. Phng php thng k: nhm thu thp v x l s liu kh tng thy vn, kinh
t - x hi cng nh cc s liu khc ti khu vc thc hin d n;
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2. Phng php k tha: k tha cc kt qu nghin cu TM ca cc d n pht

trin khu cng nghip c;
3. Phng php phn tch: kho st, quan trc, ly mu ti hin trng v phn
tch trong phng th nghim theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) v quc t
(nu cn thit) v mi trng nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht
lng mi trng khng kh, nc, t, sinh thi ti khu vc;
4. Phng php iu tra x hi hc (tham vn cng ng): s dng trong qu
trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng xung quanh khu vc thc
hin d n;
5. Phng php nh gi nhanh: xc nh v nh gi ti lng nhim t cc
hot ng ca d n cng nh nh gi cc tc ng ca ca chng n mi
trng;
6. Phng php so snh: so snh cc kt qu o c, phn tch, tnh ton d bo
nng cc cht nhim do hot ng ca d n vi cc TCVN v mi trng
v Tiu chun ngnh (TCN) ca B Y t v B Xy dng;
7. Phng php lp bng lit k v ma trn: lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng
ca d n v cc tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng nh gi tng hp
nh hng ca cc tc ng do cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng;
8. Phng php m hnh ha: d bo quy m v phm vi cc tc ng n mi
trng;
9. Phng php phn tch tng hp: t cc kt qu nghin cu TM lp bo co
TM vi b cc v ni dung theo quy nh.
3. Quy trnh TM
Theo quy nh ca iu 20, Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, TM cn phi c
thc hin song song vi d n u t / bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co TM
phi c lp ng thi vi bo co nghin cu kh thi ca d n. Nu bo co TM
cha c thm nh, d n s cha c thc hin.
Mi cn nhc v mi trng u c thc hin ngay t giai on u tin lp quy
hoch d n (thng qua ni dung gii trnh cc vn mi trng trong bo co gii
trnh kinh t k thut) n pht trin v thc hin d n (thng qua bo co TM) v
tip tc sut trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n.

cng nghip - 10/2009
Quy trnh TM bao gm cc bc:

-
La chn a im: xc nh s ph hp vi yu cu ca d n v yu cu bo
v mi trng khu vc;
Xc nh nhm cng ng lin quan / quan tm n qu trnh TM d n: ch

d n, nh u t (ngi/t chc ti tr hoc cho vay tin), B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng, chnh quyn a phng, cng ng dn c;
Xc nh phm vi: xc nh cc vn mi trng lin quan v phm vi nghin

cu TM;
Lp bo co TM trnh np B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc UBND tnh /

thnh (S Ti nguyn v Mi trng a phng);
Thm nh v ph duyt bo co TM;
Cc hot ng tun th vi quyt nh ph duyt TM trong qu trnh thc

hin d n.
4. Ni dung ca bo co TM
Yu cu: Ni dung c bn ca bo co TM l xc nh, m t, d bo v nh gi
nhng tc ng tim tng trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn, tch cc v tiu
cc do vic thc hin d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip c th gy ra
cho mi trng.
Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, bo co TM s xut nhng bin php
gim thiu (bao gm cc bin php qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc
ng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc.
p ng yu cu ny v thc hin cc quy nh ca Thng t 05/2008/TTBTNMT, mt bo co TM ca d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip cn
bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
1. M u
2. Chng 1. M t tm tt d n
3. Chng 2. iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi
4. Chng 3. nh gi cc tc ng mi trng
5. Chng 4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c
mi trng
6. Chng 5. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng
7. Chng 6. Tham vn kin cng ng,
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8. Kin ngh v kt lun

5. i tng s dng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc d n Xy dng kt
cu h tng khu cng nghip
L cc i tng trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh TM hoc quan tm n s pht
trin ca d n, bao gm:
-
Ch d n;
Nhm chuyn gia t vn thc hin TM (gip ch d n tin hnh TM v lp

bo co TM ph hp vi quy nh php lut Vit Nam hin hnh v p ng
cc yu cu ca t chc ti tr cho d n);
C quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp Trung ng/a phng

ni thc hin d n;
T chc ti tr d n;
Cc thnh vin Hi ng thm nh bo co TM;
Cc i tng khc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n.
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 1. M T TM TT D N
Yu cu: Ni dung m t d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip phi trnh
by mt cch r rng, d hiu v cn c minh ho bng nhng s liu, bng biu,
bn , s km theo
Da trn cc s liu v thng tin ca bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t
(bn tho), ni dung m t tm tt d n bao gm:
1.1. Tn d n
-
Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t
Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa
Ghi r din tch
1.2. Ch d n
-
Tn ch d n: tn c ng k ti Vit Nam, vit bng ch in hoa
a ch lin h: vn phng ti Vit Nam
in thoi: s in thoi ti Vit Nam
Fax: s fax ti Vit Nam
i din: tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n
Quc tch: ghi r quc tch ngi i din
Chc v: ghi r chc v ngi i din
1.3. V tr a l d n
M t r rng v tr a l (gm c to , ranh gii) km theo bn a im
thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng sng sui,
khu bo tn thin nhin), h tng k thut (h thng giao thng, cp nc, cp in,
lin lc) v kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut-kinh
doanh-dch v, cc cng trnh vn ha tn gio, cc di tch lch s), c th mt s
ni dung sau:
-
V tr d n: phi nu r cc vn sau:
a danh ni thc hin d n: x / phng, huyn / th / qun, tnh / thnh
Cc mc ranh gii: ghi r ta theo h VN-2000
Cc hnh nh, s , bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn tnh; v cc i
tng xung quanh d n, c th: cc KCN, cc cm CN, nh my, cc khu
dn c trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh
vn ha c gi tr trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, mng li giao
thng, mng li sng sui
Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh: c tnh khong

cch t v tr d n n cc i tng khc, c th:
Cc UBND phng/x, qun/huyn, tnh ni thc hin d n;
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc KCN trn a bn tnh v/hoc a phng khc nhng gn khu vc d

n (khong 5 -10 km);
Cc khu dn c xung quanh d n;
Cc cng trnh, h tng c s phc v trin khai thc hin d n: ngun
in, nc, x l cht thi...
Cc i tng nhy cm: cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thi nhy
cm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha .
Cc i tng khc nh: sn bay, cu cng
-
V tr tip gip ca d n: nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo

co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st).
Phi nu r v tr tip gip theo cc hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bc ca d n.
Hin trng khu t d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u

t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st):
Thng k hin trng s dng t: mc ch s dng t, din tch, t l
Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n: loi nh, s lng
Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n: s h dn (~ s nhn khu) ang
sinh sng, s h dn (~ s nhn khu) c t canh tc.
Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi tr trong lng t
Cc loi ng thc vt qu him c tr
Cc di tch, lch s, cng trnh vn ha
Bn hin trng khu t d n
Nhn xt s b v v tr d n:
V tr d n ph hp hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin chung ca
tnh/khu vc.
Nu nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy hoch, c
th v cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot nc ma v nc
thi, thu gom v x l cht thi
1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n
1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n
Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n
-
Mc ch
Phm vi hot ng ca d n
Cc ngnh ngh c php thu ht u t: trnh by theo nhm ngnh
Vi nhng nhm ngnh c cc cng on gy nhiu nhim th phi ghi r
c bao gm cc cng on hay khng. V d nh ch bin cao su (phi
ghi r c hoc khng ch bin m cao su), dt nhum (phi ghi r ch
nhum cc sn phm do chnh doanh nghip dt hay s nhum gia cng cho
12

cng nghip - 10/2009
cc doanh nghip khc hoc khng c nhum ni chung), sn xut giy

(phi ghi r c hoc khng sn xut bt giy t nguyn liu th nh g, tre
..)
1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n
Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n: mt s li ch kinh
t x hi ca d n c th nu di y:
-
KCN c xy dng tp trung bao gm cc nh my, x nghip cho php tit

kim c vn u t c s h tng, cng tc qun l mi trng c tt hn,
hp tc ha gia cc doanh nghip, khc phc c tnh trng u t phn tn.
Gp phn to ra nhiu cng n vic lm thng qua cc nh my thnh vin

trong KCN tuyn dng, trong phn ln l lao ng a phng.
Thu ht vn u t trong nc v quc t do cc doanh nghip u t xy dng

nh my trong KCN.
To kim ngch xut khu v gp phn gia tng ng k GDP ca a phng.
Gp phn thc y pht trin cng nghip trn a bn tnh/thnh.
To ng lc thc y sn xut, thng mi, dch v v giao thng kinh t ca

tnh/thnh.
1.4.3. Mt bng tng th ca d n

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n
a. S dng t
-
V d:
TT
Lp bng quy hoch s dng t bao gm: cc hng mc (t nh my/x

nghip, t giao thng, t mt nc/cy xanh, t cng trnh u mi k thut,
t kho tng, bn bi, t khu iu hnh/dch v, nh cho cng nhn phc v
cho KCN), din tch tng hng mc, t l tng hng mc.
Hng mc
Din tch (ha)
T l (%)
1
2
Cng
-
C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, ch thch tng hng mc trn bn

v (bao gm c cc cng trnh u mi k thut nh: trm cp in, trm cp
nc, trm x l nc thi tp trung, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn), hoa gi,
thc t l,
Nhn xt v qui hoch s dng t ca d n
b. Cc khu chc nng

-
M t c cu khng gian KCN theo tng hng mc nh trn bng s dng t.

13

cng nghip - 10/2009
Mi hng mc phi th hin r: v tr d kin xy dng, din tch, quy cch xy

dng
1.4.4. H tng k thut ca d n

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n
a. Cng tc san nn
-
Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du)
Cao nn t thit k theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du)
Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn.
b. H thng giao thng

-
Giao thng bn ngoi KCN: lit k cc tuyn ng ni KCN vi bn ngoi

(bao gm ng b, ng thy, ng st)
Giao thng bn trong KCN: tn ng, chiu di, l gii, chiu rng (mt
ng, va h, di phn cch)
C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li giao thng (i ni, i

ngoi), tn ng, hoa gi, thc t l,
V d:
TT
Tn ng
L gii
(m)
Chiu rng (m)

Mt ng
Va h
1
2
c. H thng cp in
-
Tng nhu cu s dng in
Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng)
Tng hp mng li phn phi in: hng mc, n v, khi lng
V d:
TT
Loi t
Tiu
Din
chun cp Tmax
tch
in
(h/nm)
(ha)
(kWh/ha)
1
2
Tng cng
14
Cng
sut
in
(kW)
in nng
(triu
kWh/nm)

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Loi t
Tiu
Din
chun cp Tmax
tch
in
(h/nm)
(ha)
(kWh/ha)
Cng
sut
in
(kW)
in nng
(triu
kWh/nm)
Tng in nng yu cu c tnh n % tn hao

Tng cng sut in yu cu c tnh n % tn hao
d. H thng cp nc
-
Tng nhu cu s dng nc
Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm nu c)
Tng hp mng li cp nc: hng mc, n v, khi lng
C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li cp nc, hoa gi, thc

t l,
V d:
TT
Hng mc
n v
Khi lng
1
2
Tng cng
e. H thng thot nc ma
-
Quy cch xy dng
Hng tuyn thot nc ma
Ngun tip nhn nc ma
Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc ma: hng mc, n v, khi lng
C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc ma, hoa gi,

thc t l,
V d:
TT
Hng mc
n v
1
2
Tng cng
f. H thng thu gom nc thi
-
Quy cch xy dng

15
Khi lng

cng nghip - 10/2009
Hng tuyn thot nc thi
Ngun tip nhn nc thi
Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc thi: hng mc, n v, khi lng
C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc thi, hoa gi,

thc t l,
V d:
TT
Hng mc
n v
Khi lng
1
2
Tng cng
g. Trm x l nc thi tp trung
-
Lu lng nc thi
Tiu chun nc thi u vo, tiu chun nc thi u ra
Ngun tip nhn nc thi
Phn k u t
h. Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn

-
Chc nng
Lm r cc vn sau:
o C thc hin phn loi cht thi rn
o C khu vc lu tr cht thi nguy hi
Din tch
Phn k u t
1.4.5. Chi ph u t d n
-
Tng chi ph u t d n
Lit k chi ph tng hng mc u t
V d:
TT
Hng mc
Chi ph
1 Chun b d n, n b v ti nh c
2 H thng giao thng
3 H thng cp in
4 H thng thng tin lin lc
16

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Hng mc
Chi ph
5 H thng cp nc
6 H thng thot nc ma
7 H thng thu gom nc thi
8 Trm x l nc thi tp trung
9 Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
10 Cy xanh
11 D phng ph
Cng
1.4.6. T chc qun l d n
-
Th hin s t chc qun l d n
Nhn lc thc hin
Lm r b phn chuyn trch v mi trng cho c giai on xy dng v giai

on khai thc / vn hnh
1.4.7. Tin thc hin d n

-
Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai on

chun b n giai on hon thnh a KCN vo s dng.
V d:
TT
Hng mc
2009
2010
2011
2012
n b, gii phng
mt bng
San nn
H thng giao thng
H thng cp nc
H thng cp in
H thng thot nc
2013
2014
2015
2016
%
17

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Hng mc
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
H thng thu gom

nc thi
Trm x l nc
thi tp trung
Bi trung chuyn
cht thi rn
10
Trng cy xanh
11
Khai thc v vn
hnh
ma
18

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI

Yu cu: Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu
tc ng ca qu trnh thc hin d n. S liu v thng tin v mi trng nn c
kho st, thu thp v phn tch nhm nh gi hin trng mi trng ca khu vc, do
vy phi th hin mt cch nh lng cao nht.
2.1. Nguyn tc chung
Thu thp, kho st v xy dng b s liu nn c vai tr quan trng trong TM.
Mi d bo v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n s da trn cc mi quan h nguyn
nhn - h qu, hin trng v nhng thay i v cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc, sinh hc
v nhn vn ca mi trng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n.
S liu mi trng nn l cc s liu v thng tin phn nh hin trng mi trng
vt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn tr khu vc xung quanh a im thc hin d n.
S liu mi trng nn c thu thp da trn vic nghin cu, iu tra kho st hin
trng, bao gm thu thp s liu nghin cu c; phng vn cc bn lin quan; kho
st hin trng a dng sinh hc, kinh t - vn ho - x hi; thu thp mu mi trng v
phn tch, nh gi trong phng th nghim.
Nhng vn quan trng cn c bit lu khi xy dng d liu nn cho d n
xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm:
-
Mi trng t nhin lin quan n a im thc hin d n;
Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v s dng nc, c bit v phng din

tng thch vi ly t cho d n v lm hnh lang an ton; phng din tng
thch v cung cp nc v vn chuyn ng thu;
Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi;
Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng.
Ngoi ra, vic xy dng d liu nn cn phi tng thch vi cc ni dung ca bo

co TM theo quy nh ca Thng t 05/2006/TT-BTNMT, c th:
2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng
-
iu kin v a l, a cht
iu kin v kh tng thu vn
Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin
2.2. iu kin kinh t x hi

-
iu kin v kinh t
iu kin v x hi
2.2. Cc vn trng tm
lp bo co TM cho d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, cc
vn trng tm cn ch n khi thu thp s liu mi trng nn l:
1. Mi trng t nhin
19

cng nghip - 10/2009
M t cc thnh phn mi trng: khng kh, nc, t, trm tch, h sinh thi
cn, cc h sinh thi thu;
Kho st v nh lng cc thng s phn nh cht lng nc mt, nc

ngm, khng kh v n, c bit l cht lng mi trng ti khu vc chu
nh hng trc tip ca d n (vng pht tn kh thi, ni tip nhn nc
thi,.). y l nhng thng s s c quan trc trong sut qu trnh hot
ng ca d n;
Kho st v nh gi tnh cht v cht lng h sinh thi cn, h ng vt v

thc vt, h sinh thi nc ngt v bin.
2. Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v nc

-
Hin trng s dng t v nc;
Quy hoch s dng t v nc ca a phng.
3. Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi

-
Cu trc dn s, vic lm, trnh vn ha;
Hin trng pht trin kinh t;
Hin trng c s h tng v dch v;
Kt qu tham vn cng ng;
Kt qu iu tra x hi hc.
4. Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng

-
Kho st v phn tch s liu mi trng nn phc v chy m hnh d bo ri

ro
Thu thp cc s liu v thng tin v cc s c xy ra ti cc khu cng nghip

tng t
2.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn

2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn
Cc thng s mi trng nn l cc s liu, thng tin v cc thnh phn mi trng
ho l, sinh thi, kinh t, vn ho, x hi.
Cc lu khi thu thp thng s mi trng nn:
-
Kho st, thu thp, o c, iu tra cc s liu v mi trng v ti nguyn

thin nhin khu vc c lin quan hoc chu nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip
n d n;
Phng php ly mu v phn tch tun th TCVN v mi trng hin hnh;
Cc my mc, thit b o lng ngoi thc a v trong phong th nghim cn

c chun ha;
C th k tha cc s liu quan trc nh k ca trm quan trc a phng,

vng, quc gia nu d n nm a im tng thch.
20

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.1. Cc thng s mi trng nn cn thu thp v phn tch thc hin
TM d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip
TT
Vn
Thng s
Ngun s liu
1
1.1 V tr a l
iu kin t nhin
-
1.2 c im a hnh, a cht

cng trnh
1.3 c im kh hu, kh tng
1.4 c im ch thu vn
-
a danh v v tr a l ca khu vc thc hin d n

V tr hnh chnh v h thng giao thng
Ti liu d n
Atlat quc gia
Bn nn ca
cc a phng
c im a hnh: ni, i, ng bng

c im cu to t, st ln, trt l,
xi mn
Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc ca
cc lp t
Kh nng chu ti ca khu vc d n
Ti liu d n
K tha s liu
c
Nhit , lng ma, m, ch gi

Tn sut bo v cc hin tng thi tit bt thng
S liu c thng k t nht trong
vng 5-10 nm gn nht
nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn
do thi tit kh hu tc ng n d n
Trm kh tng
gn nht
Quan trc ti
hin trng
c im sng, h: dng chy, lu lng, dung tch

c im thu triu, hi vn
c im ngp lt, hn hn
nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn
do mng li thy vn tc ng n
d n
Trm thu vn
gn nht
Quan trc ti
hin trng
c im kinh t x hi
2.1 Dn c lao ng
-
S liu thng k
Kho st, phng
vn
Cu trc dn s
Vn dn tc thiu s
Tnh trng vic lm v phng thc
kim sng
Cc khu dn c ln cn
2.2 Pht trin kinh t

-
Hin trng cc ngnh kinh t

Quy hoch pht trin kinh t ca -
S liu thng k
Kho st, phng
21

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Vn
Thng s
-
Ngun s liu
vn
vng, tnh
Cc KCN trn a bn tnh
2.3 Hin trng x hi

-
Gio dc, y t v sc kho cng ng

Tht nghip v t nn x hi
S liu thng k
Kho st, phng
vn
2.4 Vn ho, lch s

-
Cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s, du lch c gi tr

Phong tc tp qun ca a phng
S liu thng k
Kho st, phng
vn
Ti nguyn thin nhin
3.1 Ti nguyn t 3.2 Ti

nguyn nc mt
3.3 Ti
nguyn nc ngm
3.4 Ti nguyn ven bin
-
Tng din tch t t nhin v cht lng

Hin trng v quy hoach s dng t
S liu thng k
Kho st, phng
vn
c im h thng thu vn trong khu vc

Hin trng v quy hoch s dng nc mt
nh gi gi tr ngun nc mt ti
khu vc d n
Kt qu iu tra
c bn
Kho st iu
tra b sung
c im tng tr nc, tr lng nc ngm

Hin trng v quy hoch khai thc s dng
nh gi gi tr ca ngun ti nguyn
nc ngm ti khu vc
Kh nng b nhim do chnh hot
ng ti khu vc d n
Kt qu iu tra
c bn
Kho st iu
tra b sung
Rng ngp mn, m ph

nh bt v nui trng thu sn
Kt qu iu tra
c bn
Kho st iu
tra b sung
3.5 Ti
nguyn ng thc vt
-
Thm thc vt, h ng vt, h thu sinh (nc ngt, ven bin)
Rng quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin
-
22
Kt qu iu tra
c bn
Kho st iu
tra b sung
Kho st hin
trng v phn
tch
trong
phng
th

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Vn
Thng s
4
4.1 Giao thng
Ngun s liu
nghim
H tng c s v dch v
-
c im ca h thng giao thng

Tai nn, s c giao thng
Kh nng p ng yu cu vn
chuyn cho d n
Thng k ca
c quan chc
nng v qun l
hnh chnh a
phng
4.2 in,
nc, lin lc
-
c im h thng cung cp in, nc, lin lc

c im h thng thot nc
Kh nng p ng nhu cu ca d n
Thng k ca
c quan chc
nng v qun l
hnh chnh a
phng
4.3 Dch
v, thng mi
Hin trng v kh nng cung cp dch v, thng mi
Thng k ca
c quan chc
nng v qun l
hnh chnh a
phng
Hin trng cht lng mi trng t nhin
5.1 Cht
lng khng kh
CO, SO2, NO2, bi (TSP)
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
pH, DO, SS, Tng P, Tng N, BOD, COD, Du m, Coliform, kim loi
nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe,
)
(Cc thng s c th thay i ty
thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c
th trin khai ti KCN)
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
pH, mn, DO, SS, tng P, tng N, BOD, du m, Coliform, kim loi
nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe,
)
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
liu
trong
5.2 Cht
lng nc mt
5.3 Cht
lng nc ven b
23
hin
phn
trong
th
hin
phn
trong
th
hin
phn
trong

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Vn
5.4 Cht
lng nc ngm
5.5 Cht lng t -
5.6 Cht
lng bn y
-
5.7 Ting n
Thng s
Ngun s liu
phng
th
nghim
pH, cng, TS, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, du m, Coliform, kim

loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg,
Fe, )
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, m, tng N, tng P, hm lng hu

c, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb,
Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, tng N, tng P, TBVTV, kim loi nng
(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )
(Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
Cc s
quan trc
khu vc
Kho st
trng v
tch
phng
nghim
liu
trong
L50, Leq, Lmax
hin
phn
trong
th
hin
phn
trong
th
hin
phn
trong
th
hin
phn
trong
th
2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn

S liu mi trng nn sau khi thu thp v phn tch cn c x l v th hin
trong bo co TM mt cch r rng, n gin vi mc cng nh lng cng tt.
Cc s liu cn c th hin mt cch nh lng v c th lp thnh bng theo mu
di y:
a. S dng t
24

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.2. Hin trng s dng t (hoc quy hoch s dng t n nm)
Mc ch s dng
Din tch cc loi t
Cc vn mi
trng lin
Tng
I
II
III
quan
TT
t nng nghip
t nui trng thu

sn
t lm nghip
Rng ngp mn
t cng nghip
.
Tng cng
b. S dng nc
Bng 2.3. Hin trng s dng nc (hoc quy hoch s dng nc n nm)
TT
Mc ch s dng
Nhu cu
Nc mt
Ti tiu
Nui trng thu sn
Cng nghip
Sinh hot (nc cp)
Khc
Nc ngm
Cc vn mi
trng lin quan
c. Cht lng khng kh v ting n

V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh: m t r im quan trc nm trong
hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nm
v pha no ca d n.
Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v
phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng.
iu kin ly mu: m t thi tit kh hu, mt giao thng ti thi im ly mu.
25

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.4. V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh v iu kin ly mu

TT
Mu
M t v tr v iu kin ly mu
Mu 1
M t v tr
Ta ly mu
Nhit khng kh
m khng kh
Vn tc gi
Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng
giao thng)
Mu 2
M t v tr
Ta ly mu
Nhit khng kh
m khng kh
Vn tc gi
giao thng)
Mu n
M t v tr
Ta ly mu
Nhit khng kh
m khng kh
Vn tc gi
giao thng)
Bng 2.5. Hin trng n ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
K1
K2
Kn
Lmax
L50
(dBA)
TCVN 5949-1998
26
LEQA

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.6. Hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n

TT
Hm lng (mg/m3)
Mu
Bi
K1
K2
Kn
CO
NO2
SO2
TCVN 5937-2005
d. Cht lng nc mt
V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc mt: m t r im quan trc nm trn sng
sui no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.
iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu.
Bng 2.7. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu
TT
Mu
Mu 1
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t
khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c.
- Nhit mt nc
Mu 2
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Nhit mt nc
Mu n
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Nhit mt nc
27

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.8. Hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
Mu 1
pH
DO (mg/l)
SS (mg/l)
Tng P (mg/l)
Tng N (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
Du m (mg/l)
Coliform (mg/l)
10
Kim loi nng (mg/l)
Mu 2
Mu n
TCVN
e. Cht lng nc bin ven b

V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b: m t r im quan trc
nm trn b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.
Bng 2.9. V tr cc im ly mu nc bin ven b v iu kin ly mu
TT
Mu
1
Mu 1
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Nhit mt nc
Mu 2
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Nhit mt nc
28

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT
Mu
Mu n
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Nhit mt nc
Bng 2.10. Hin trng cht lng nc bin ven b ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
pH
mn ()
DO (mg/l)
SS (mg/l)
Tng P (mg/l)
Tng N (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
Du m (mg/l)
Coliform (mg/l)
10
Kim loi nng (mg/l)
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu n
TCVN
f. Cht lng nc ngm

Ly mu t cc ging khoan/o sn c trong vng d n v khu vc xung quanh
V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc ngm: m t r im quan trc l ging
khoan hay ging o, su ca ging, tn ch h, a ch
29

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.11. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc ngm v iu kin ly mu

TT
Mu
Mu 1
Tn ch h, a ch
Ta ly mu
Loi ging (khoan, o)
su
Mu 2
Tn ch h, a ch
Ta ly mu
Loi ging (khoan, o)
su
Mu n
Tn ch h, a ch
Ta ly mu
Loi ging (khoan, o)
su
Bng 2.12. Hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
pH
cng (mg/l)
TS (mg/l)
NH4+ (mg/l)
NO3- (mg/l)
PO43- (mg/l)
Cl- (mg/l)
Du m (mg/l)
Coliform (mg/l)
10
Kim loi nng (mg/l)
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu n
TCVN
g. Cht lng t
V tr cc im o c v ly mu t: m t r im quan trc l loi t g,
su tng t, nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh
khong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. su tng t
30

cng nghip - 10/2009

TT
Bng 2.13. V tr cc im o c/ly mu t v iu kin ly mu

Mu
Mu 1
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Phu din
Mu 2
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Phu din
Mu n
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Phu din
Bng 2.14. Hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
pH
T trng (g/cm3)
m (%)
Hm lng hu c (%)
Tng P (mg/kg)
Tng N (mg/kg)
TBVTV (g/kg)
Kim loi nng (mg/kg)
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu n
TCVN
h. Cht lng bn y
V tr cc im o c v ly mu bn y: m t r im quan trc nm trn
sng sui hay b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n
31

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 2.15. V tr cc im o c/ly mu bn y v iu kin ly mu

TT
Mu
1
Mu 1
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi
Mu 2
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
Mu n
- M t v tr
- Ta ly mu
Bng 2.16. Hin trng cht lng bn y ti khu vc d n

TT
Mu
pH
T trng (g/cm3)
Tng P (mg/kg)
Tng N (mg/kg)
TBVTV (g/kg)
Kim loi nng (mg/kg)
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu n
TCVN
2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn

Da vo cc s liu o c, iu tra v cc thnh phn mi trng nu trn, tin
hnh nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng ni thc hin d n trn c s so snh
vi TCVN v mi trng v cc tiu chun khc lin quan ca cc c quan c thm
quyn ca Nh nc. Vic nh gi cn tp trung vo cc vn trng tm nu ti
mc 2.2, l cc vn c th nh hng n vic thc hin d n cng nh c th chu
tc ng do nhng hot ng ca d n.
V s dng t v s dng nc cn c nh gi v tim nng p ng v qu t
v tr lng nc ca a phng i vi nhu cu pht trin ni chung v nhu cu ca
d n ni ring. c bit cn cung cp y thng tin v hin trng s dng t ti
khu vc dnh cho d n.
i vi c im kinh t x hi, cn nhn mnh nhng thun li v kh khn c
th xy ra khi trin khai d n a phng.
32

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc vn lin quan n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip, o to cho lao ng

ti a phng c bit l cc i tng chu nh hng trc tip ca d n nh b mt
t canh tc v.v..
V c s h tng k thut, nh gi c th thun li v kh khn v h thng giao
thng, cp in, cp thot nc, thng tin lin lc.
V ti nguyn ng thc vt, lu n tnh a dng sinh hc v cc khu vc nhy
cm v sinh thi.
33

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
Yu cu: nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu
cng nghip cn ch ra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng tc ng tim tng, bao
gm nhng tc ng trc tip v gin tip, trc mt v lu di, nhng tc ng tim
n v tch lu, nhng tc ng c th hoc khng th khc phc c tim nng ln gy
suy thoi, nhim mi trng khu vc.
3.1. Nguyn tc chung
nh gi cc tc ng mi trng da trn vic x l mt cch y , nghim tc
v cn trng cc s liu thu thp c t d n v t s liu mi trng nn. Qu trnh
TM thng c thc hin bng mt s phng php nh: lit k, ma trn, s
mng li, m hnh ha v chng ghp bn .
Danh mc cc tc ng tim tng t mi hot ng ca d n c xy dng da
trn vic thng k cc s liu kho st v mi trng t nhin v mi trng x hi.
Cn lu nh gi c cc tc tch cc ln tc ng tiu cc, theo quy m, phm vi v
thi gian tc ng.
3.2. Xc nh i tng chu tc ng
Nhim v TM l xc nh quy m v phm vi tc ng ca cc ngun thi t cc
hot ng ca d n n mi trng khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc ngm, h
sinh thi v cng ng a phng cng nh cc cng trnh c gi tr lch s, vn ho
khc.
xc nh i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng ca tng d n n c th,
trc tin cn xy dng tiu ch xc nh i tng v nh gi quy m, nh trnh by
c th di y.
Mi trng vt l
+ Khng kh
+ Nc mt
+ Nc ngm
+ t
Mi trng sinh hc
+ H thc vt trn cn
+ H ng vt trn cn
+ H thy sinh
Mi trng kinh t - x hi
3.3. Xc nh ngun gy tc ng
Khi xc lp c cc i tng c th chu nh hng xu do hot ng ca d
n, trong phn ny lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi; khng
lin quan n cht thi cng nh nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra.
34

cng nghip - 10/2009
3.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi

Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht sinh cc loi cht thi dng kh,
lng, rn cng nh cc loi cht thi khc trong qu trnh trin khai d n.
Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo
tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.
Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng
kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm:
Giai on thi cng xy dng
+ Sinh khi thc vt pht quang v bn bc tch b mt
+ Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn
+ Bi v kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn
+ Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng
+ Nc thi sinh hot
+ Cht thi rn sinh hot
+ Cht thi xy dng
+ Du m thi
Giai on khai thc v vn hnh
+ Bi v kh thi t hot ng ca cc nh my thnh vin
+ Bi v kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn
+ Mi hi t cc trm x l cht thi (XLNT tp trung, trung chuyn cht
thi rn v)
+ Sol kh pht tn t cc trm x l cht thi nh XLNT tp trung chng
hn
+ Mi hi t h thng thu gom nc thi
+ Nc thi sinh hot v sn xut
+ Cht thi rn sinh hot v sn xut
+ Bn d t cc trm XLNT tp trung
+ Cht thi nguy hi
3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong
qu trnh trin khai d n.
Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi c phn chia
theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.
Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy
dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm:
35

cng nghip - 10/2009
Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng

+ Tranh chp gia ngi dn c quyn li lin quan n d n vi ch u
t
+ nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d
n
+ Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nng
chuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi
+ Bom mn tn lu trong lng t
+ Ting n ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng
+ Tnh trng ngp ng
+ Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn
+ Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng
+ Tai nn lao ng
+ Ting n v rung t hot ng ca cc nh my
+ Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn
+ Tnh trng ngp ng
3.3.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra
Lit k chi tit tt c cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra.
Vic lit k cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra c phn chia theo
tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.
Cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra i vi d n xy dng kt cu h
tng khu cng nghip gm:
+ S c chy n
+ S c r r ha cht dng cho cc trm x l cht thi nh XLNT tp
trung, x l cht thi nguy hi v.v..
+ S c hiu sut x l ca cc trm x l cht thi khng t tiu chun
thit k
+ S c chy n
36

cng nghip - 10/2009
3.4. nh gi tc ng
Vic nh gi tc ng phi c c th ho cho tng ngun gy tc ng v tng
i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c th v mc
, c th v quy m khng gian v thi gian.
Vic nh gi tc ng i vi mt d n c th phi c chi tit ho v c th
ho cho d n ; khng nh gi mt cch l thuyt chung chung theo kiu vit gio
trnh, quy ch, quy nh, hng dn.
3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n
a. V tr d n
nh gi tnh hp l ca v tr qui hoch d n, cc tiu ch sau c xem xt
bao gm:
Qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh;
Kh nng n b v ti nh c cc h dn trong khu vc d n;
Cc ngun ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t;
Cc di tch lch s vn ha trong khu vc d n;
Cc loi ng thc vt qu him trong khu vc d n;
Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc;
Kh nng cp nc ca khu vc;
Kh nng cp in ca khu vc;
H tng x l cht thi ca khu vc;
b. Phn khu chc nng
Phn khu chc nng cc loi hnh cng nghip nhm to iu kin thun li cho
cng tc QLMT v hn ch cc tc ng mi trng qua li gia cc nh my thnh
vin trong KCN cng nh i vi khu vc xung quanh KCN.
gim thiu cc tc ng ca cc nh my thnh vin trong KCN, tin hnh phn
khu chc nng cc loi hnh cng nghip cn c vo:
Mc nhim mi hi v kh thi ca tng loi hnh cng nghip
Hng gi v tn sut gi trong nm
Tc ng n cc khu dn c qui hoch xung quanh
Tc ng qua li gia cc nh my thnh vin
Kh nng thu ht u t ca tng loi ngnh ngh
c. Qui hoch h tng k thut
H thng giao thng
H thng cp nc
37

cng nghip - 10/2009
H thng cp in
H thng thot nc ma
H thng thu gom v x l nc thi
Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
d. Khong cch ly vi cc khu dn c xung quanh
3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng
Trong phn ny nh gi v d bo cc tc ng trong qu trnh thc hin n b
v gii phng mt bng cho d n.
Cc tc ng khi:
+ Xy dng k hoch n b v gii phng mt bng
+ Trin khai thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng
Cc vn cn lm r:
+ nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d
n
+ nh hng n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc vic lm cho
ngi dn c quyn li lin quan
3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang
Hin trng sinh khi thc vt trong khu vc d n
Thnh phn sinh khi pht quang
Khi lng sinh khi thc vt c th pht quang
Khi lng sinh khi thc vt cn li khng th pht quang
Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang sinh khi thc vt
Tc ng trong hp pht quang sinh khi thc vt nhng khng trit
Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm
b. Bn bc tch b mt
Hin trng lp bn b mt trong khu vc d n
Khi lng lp bn b mt c th pht quang
Khi lng lp bn b mt cn li khng th pht quang
Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang lp bn b mt
Tc ng trong hp pht quang lp bn b mt nhng khng trit
Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm
38

cng nghip - 10/2009
c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn

Ti lng bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn
D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n
D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc
khu dn c k cn
d. Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng
Ti lng bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng
khu dn c k cn
e. Kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn
Thnh phn kh thi
Ti lng kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn
khu dn c k cn
f. Nc thi sinh hot
c trng nc thi
Lu lng pht sinh
Ti lng nhim
D n lu lng v ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n
D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh
g. Cht thi rn sinh hot
Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot
Khi lng pht sinh
D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n
h. Cht thi xy dng
Thnh phn cht thi xy dng
Khi lng pht sinh
39

cng nghip - 10/2009
i. Du m thi
Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT
Khi lng pht sinh
j. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng
Cc ngun pht sinh ting n
Mc n ti ngun ca cc ngun pht sinh
D bo tc ng ca ting n n khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu
dn c k cn
k. Chia ct dng chy v ngp ng
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy v ngp ng
Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh
D bo mc ngp ng
l. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra cn tr giao thng
D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n
D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn theo tng nm xy dng d n
Nhu cu giao thng i li ca cc khu dn c ln cn
D bo mc cn tr giao thng
m. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra mu thun
D bo mc mu thun trong tp trung vo cc vn sau:
+ S khc nhau v vn ha
+ Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn
n. Tai nn lao ng
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng
D bo mc thit hi
o. Bom mn tn lu trong lng t
Kh nng tn lu bom mn trong lng t
D bo cc thit hi khi khng thc hin d ph bom mn hoc d ph khng
trit
40

cng nghip - 10/2009
p. S c chy/n
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy
D bo mc thit hi
3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
a. Bi v kh thi t hot ng ca cc nh my thnh vin
Thnh phn kh thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Mc pht sinh kh thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
D bo ti lng (bn nh lng) kh thi pht sinh t KCN
khu dn c k cn
Ty theo tng ngnh cng nghip c th s c cc loi kh thi cha bi v hi kh thi
khc nhau. Tuy nhin, c th nhn din cc cht nhim khng kh sau:
Cc cht nhim dng ht
Bi: c kch thc t vi micromet n hng trm micromet
Bi sng: cc cht lng ngng t c cha cc cht nhim c kch thc t 20 500 m
Khi: t qu trnh t nhin liu c hm lng cn cao v qu trnh t xy ra
khng hon ton
Cc cht nhim dng kh
Cc hp cht cha lu hunh: gm cc kh sulfua (SO2, SO3) v sulfua hydro
(H2S), mercaptan,
Cc hp cht nit (NO, NO2,):
Cc hp cht hu c v dn xut ca hydrocarbon
Cc ha cht, ph gia, cc nguyn vt liu tht thot, ri vi trong qu trnh sn
xut ( dng kh, hi, lng) bay hi v khuch tn vo khng kh
Cc nguyn vt liu, dung mi d bay hi iu kin bnh thng trong qu trnh
lu tr tn kho
Kh phn r t cc nguyn liu tht thot, cht thi cng nghip
Vic xc nh thnh phn, tnh cht c trng kh thi ca tng ngnh cng nghip
c th cn c trn quy m sn xut, quy trnh cng ngh c s dng. ng thi,
chng cn ph thuc vo chng loi nguyn liu, trang thit b my mc v c k thut
vn hnh ca cng nhn.
b. Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn
Thnh phn kh thi
Ti lng kh thi (bn nh lng) t phng tin vn chuyn
41

cng nghip - 10/2009

khu dn c k cn
c. Mi hi t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung
Thnh phn mi hi
khu dn c k cn
Mi hi t cc trm XLNT tp trung pht sinh ch yu t cc n nguyn m ti
c xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh. Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cng pht sinh
mi hi nhng mc rt thp.
Cc sn phm dng kh chnh t qu trnh phn hy k kh gm H2S, Mercaptane,
CO2, CH4 Trong , H2S v Mercaptane l cc cht gy mi hi chnh, cn CH4 l
cht gy chy n nu b tch t mt nng nht nh.
Bng 3.1. Cc hp cht gy mi cha lu hunh do phn hy k kh nc thi
Ngng
Cc hp cht
Cng thc
Mi c trng
pht hin
(ppm)
Allyl mercaptan
CH2=CH-CH2-SH
Mi ti, c ph mnh
0,00005
Amyl mercaptan
CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-SH
Kh chu, hi thi
Benzyl mercaptan
C6H5CH2-SH
Kh chu, mnh
Crotyl mercaptan
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-SH
Mi chn
Dimethyl sulfide
CH3-S-CH3
Thc vt thi ra
Ethyl mercaptan
CH3CH2-SH
Bp ci thi
0,00019
Hydrogen sulfide
H2S
Trng thi
0,00047
Methyl mercaptan
CH3SH
Bp ci thi
0,0011
Propyl mercaptan
CH3-CH2-CH2-SH
Kh chu
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
Hng, gy d ng
Tert-butyl
Mercaptan
(CH3)3C-SH
Mi chn, kh chu
Thiophenol
C6H5SH
Thi, mi ti
0,0003
0,00019
0,000029
0,0001
0,000075
0,009
0,00008
0,000062
Ngun: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology

Ermoupolis. Odor emission in a small wastewater treatment plant, 2001
d. Sol kh pht tn t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung
Thnh phn sol kh
khu dn c k cn
42

cng nghip - 10/2009
H thng x l nc thi c pht hin l ni sinh ra cc Sol kh sinh hc c th

pht tn theo gi trong khng kh trong khong vi chc mt n vi trm mt. Trong
Sol kh ngi ta thng bt gp cc vi khun, nm mc v chng c th l nhng
mm gy bnh hay nguyn nhn gy nhng d ng qua ng h hp.
e. Nc thi sinh hot
c trng nc thi sinh hot
Lu lng pht sinh
Ti lng nhim
f. Nc thi sn xut
c trng nc thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Lu lng pht sinh
Ti lng nhim
i vi cc KCN cc vn thng gp trong thu gom x l nc thi bao gm:
- H thng thu gom thng c thit k thi cng theo nguyn l t chy dn
n tnh trng im thu gom cui c su ln v gy nh hng n cng
trnh tip nhn nc thi
- Lu lng x thi rt khng u do nhiu nh my thnh vin cha hon ton
tun th thc hin tin x l nc thi.
V d:
Ket qua o lu lng vao buoi sang
m3/hr
130
m3
1,050
125
850
120
650
115
450
110
250
50
105
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.58
0.62
0.66
Q trung bnh ngay 16/2/04
Q tch luy ngay 16/2/04
43
Gi

cng nghip - 10/2009
Ket qua o lu lng vao buoi chieu

3
m /hr
130
m
1,000
120
800
600
110
400
100
200
0
90
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.75
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.91
Gi
Cht lng nc thi u vo bin thin rt ln do nhiu nh my thnh vin

cha tun th tt trong vn hnh h thng tin x l nc thi.
250
200
BOD(Ma m a)
150
BOD(Ma kh)
100
5945-2005(A)
5945-2005(B)
50
0
NT-01
NT-02
NT-03
NT-04
NT-05
NT-06
NT-07
350
300
250
COD(Ma ma)
200
COD(Ma kh)
150
5945-2005(A)
100
5945-2005(B)
50
0
NT-01
NT-02 NT-03
NT-04 NT-05
NT-06 NT-07
44

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 3.2. Kt qu theo di bin thin nc thi ngy 16/02/2004 ti KCN N

Thi gian
pH
COD (mg/l)
SS(mg/l)
EC(microS/cm)
Mu(Pt-Co)
10h
7,55
405
950
1.440
343
11h
7,64
535
968
1.340
350
12h
7,8
680
730
1.150
346
13h
7,62
380
192
1.600
335
14h
7,7
180
324
1.430
329
15h
7,32
120
392
1.440
315
16h
6,58
170
316
1.620
330
350
549
Trung bnh
Bng 3.3. Kt qu theo di bin thin nc thi ngy 17/02/2004 ti KCN N

Thi gian
pH
COD (mg/l)
SS(mg/l)
EC(microS/cm)
Mau(Pt-Co)
10h
7,58
410
1.012
1.460
365
11h
7,83
540
756
1.290
395
12h
7,5
450
404
1.520
375
13h
7,57
330
684
1.690
360
14h
6,87
240
168
1.530
345
15h
7,86
360
692
1.480
370
16h
7,48
175
494
1.590
385
16h30
7,52
200
452
1.630
390
355
599
Trung bnh
-
Vic xc lp/d kin nhu cu s dng nc ngay t ban u hin ch yu cn

c lu lng/Ha
Cc nh u t/ngnh ngh u t vo KCN thng kh d kin v khng theo

cc d kin ban u trong khi lp d n u t xy dng v kinh doanh h tng
c s KCN.
Nhiu KCN cn rt cng nhc trong xc lp tiu chun x thi ca cc nh my

thnh vin v cha thc s c quyn kim sot cht lng x thi t cc nh
my thnh vin.
iu ny dn n cng tc xc lp u bi cho cng tc thit k, thi cng nh my

x l nc thi tp trung gp nhiu kh khn trong:
-
Xc nh lu lng x l
45

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cht lng nc thi u vo.
g. Cht thi rn sinh hot

Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot
Khi lng pht sinh
h. Cht thi rn sn xut
Thnh phn cht thi rn ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Khi lng pht sinh
i vi cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi vn thu gom x l hin cn rt bt
cp do c s h tng tip nhn, x l cht thi ca khu vc ni KCN ng chn cha
p ng c nhu cu x l c v khi lng cng nh cht lng.
-
Cha c hoc c nhng khng cng sut bi chn lp hp v sinh cht thi
khng nguy hi
Cha c ni tip nhn x l cht thi nguy hi
Cc hng dn k khai cht thi nguy hi cho ch ngun thi
Kim tra/gim st cng tc k khai cht thi nguy hi cc bo co DTM/hoc

tng ng ca cc nh my thnh vin
i. Bn d t trm XLNT tp trung

Thnh phn bn d
Khi lng pht sinh
j. Cht thi nguy hi
Thnh phn cht thi nguy hi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t
Khi lng pht sinh
k. Chia ct dng chy, ngp ng
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy, ngp ng
Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh
D bo mc ngp ng
46

cng nghip - 10/2009
l. Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn

D bo cc tc ng do tp trung s lng ln cng nhn
D bo cc tc ng trong trng hp khng xy dng nh cho cng nhn
m. Tai nn lao ng
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng
D bo mc thit hi
n. S c r r ha cht t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung
Cc loi ha cht s dng
Khi lng ca cc ha cht s dng/lu tr ti khu vc
c tnh ca cc ha cht
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c r r ha cht
D bo mc r r v thit hi
o. S c chy/n
Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy
D bo mc thit hi
3.4.5. nh gi tc ng tng hp
Vic nh gi tc ng tng hp ca cc ngun gy tc ng trong cc giai on
trin khai thc hin d n nhm xem xt mc tc ng tng hp.
Tng hp cc tc ng v qui m tc ng theo tng giai on ca d n c th
c xem xt cn c vo cc tiu ch xc nh quy m tc ng ca d n nh sau:
Bng 3.4. Tiu ch nh gi quy m tc ng
Thi gian tc ng tiu cc ko di
Khng
khng tc ng
Ngn
ngn hn 1 nm
Trung bnh
t 1 n 10 nm
Di
hn 10 nm
Vnh vin
khng th hi phc
Mc - hu qu tc ng n ton b thnh phn mi trng ang xem xt

Khng
khng tc ng
Nh
phn b nh hng t hn 1% ton b
Trung bnh
phn b nh hng t 1 - 10% ton b
Ln
phn b nh hng nhiu hn 10% ton b
Phm vi tc ng quy m v mt khng gian vng b nh hng, lin quan n cc

47

cng nghip - 10/2009
tc ng tch lu v tc ng xuyn bin gii

a phng
nh hng nm trong khu vc d n
Vng/quc gia
c nh hng lin vng, lin tnh
Quc t
c nh hng xuyn bin gii
Loi tc ng phn loi tc ng

Trc tip
nh hng trc tip v xy ra ng thi vi hot ng ca d n
Gin tip
nh hng c lin quan n d n v xy ra chm hn so vi cc hot
ng ca d n hoc phm vi bn ngoi khu vc chu nh hng trc tip
Tch lu
nh hng t t hp cc tc ng ca d n vi cc tc ng ca cc
c s ang hot ng v cc d n ang quy hoch
Kh nng xy ra xc sut xy ra tc ng
Thp
< 25%
Trung bnh
25 75%
Cao
> 75%
Trn c s cc tiu ch c xc lp, quy m tc ng ca d n c nhn

dng v trnh by trong bng sau.
Bng 3.5. Quy m tc ng do hot ng ca d n
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng
1

Mi trng kinh t x Tranh chp gia ngi dn Thi gian:
c quyn li lin quan n Mc :
hi
d n vi ch u t
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
nh hng n thu nhp ca Thi gian:
cc h dn c quyn li lin Mc :
quan n d n
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
48

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Gia tng kh nng tht
nghip i vi ngi dn
khng c kh nng chuyn
i ngh nghip hoc tm
kim cng vic mi
Quy m tc ng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Giai on xy dng c s h tng
2.1 Mi trng vt l
Khng kh
Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian:

san nn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian:
o p, thi cng xy dng
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Bi v kh thi t phng Thi gian:
tin vn chuyn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Ting n ca cc thit b, Thi gian:
my mc, phng tin thi Mc :
cng
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Nc mt
Nc thi sinh hot
49
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
t v nc ngm
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng
Cht thi rn sinh hot
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi xy dng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Du m thi
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Sinh khi thc vt pht Thi gian:

quang v bn bc tch b Mc :
mt
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Nc thi sinh hot
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi rn sinh hot
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi xy dng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
50

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng
Du m thi
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
H thc vt trn cn
Pht quang mt bng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
H ng vt trn cn
Pht quang mt bng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
H thy sinh
Nc thi sinh hot
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi rn sinh hot
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi xy dng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
2.2 Mi trng sinh hc
51

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Du m thi
2.3 Kinh t x hi
Quy m tc ng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Bom mn tn lu trong lng Thi gian:

t
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Tnh trng ngp ng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian:

li ca ngi dn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Mu thun gia cng nhn Thi gian:
xy dng v ngi dn a Mc :
phng
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Tai nn lao ng
3.1 Mi trng vt l
52
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Khng kh
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng
Bi v kh thi t hot ng Thi gian:

ca cc nh my
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Bi v kh thi ca cc Thi gian:
phng tin vn chuyn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Mi hi t cc trm XLNT Thi gian:
tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Sol kh pht tn t cc trm Thi gian:
XLNT tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Mi hi t h thng thu gom Thi gian:
nc thi
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Ting n v rung t hot Thi gian:
ng ca cc nh my
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian:
cho trm XLNT tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
53

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng
S c hiu sut x l trm Thi gian:

XLNT tp trung khng t Mc :
tiu chun thit k
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
S c chy n
Nc mt
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Nc thi sinh hot v sn Thi gian:

xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi rn sinh hot v Thi gian:
sn xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Bn d t cc trm XLNT Thi gian:
tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi nguy hi
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
54

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng

tiu chun thit k
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
S c chy n
t v nc ngm
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
sn xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi nguy hi
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
55

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng

tiu chun thit k
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
S c chy n
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
3.2 Mi trng sinh hc

H thy sinh

xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
sn xut
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
tp trung
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cht thi nguy hi
56
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:

cng nghip - 10/2009
TT i tng chu tc ng
Tc nhn
Quy m tc ng

Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
tiu chun thit k
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
S c chy n
3.3 Vn ha x hi
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian:

li ca ngi dn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Ch v sinh hot ca cng Thi gian:
nhn
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
Tnh trng ngp ng
Thi gian:
Mc :
Phm vi:
Loi:
Kh nng xy ra:
3.4.6. nh gi v cc phng php s dng trong TM

nh gi v tin cy ca cc phng php TM p dng, mc tin cy ca
mi nh gi thc hin; nhng iu cn cha chc chn trong nh gi v l gii
nguyn nhn.
57

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V

NG PH S C MI TRNG
Yu cu: Trn c s cc tc ng mi trng nu ra trong Chng 3, xut mt
cch c th cc bin php qun l v k thut mang tnh kh thi cao nhm phng
trnh, gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin d n gy nn.
4.1. Nguyn tc chung
Cc bin php gim thiu xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau:
-
Gim thiu ti mc ti a c th c, ngun ti chnh cho php ca ch u

t;
Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca d

n;
C phng n ph hp i vi nhng tc ng mi trng khng th khc phc

hoc gim nh;
Cc bin php bo v mi trng phi c thc thi sut c qu trnh chun b,

xy dng cng trnh v vn hnh.
Cc bin php gim thiu nu trn cn c c th ho v ln k hoch cho tng

tc ng bt li, ph hp vi v tr v c im ca tc ng. ng thi c l gii r
rng v u im, nhc im, mc kh thi, hiu sut/hiu qu x l. Trong trng
hp khng th c bin php hoc c nhng kh kh thi trong khun kh ca d n th
phi nu r l do v c kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt,
quyt nh. Phi c chng minh rng, sau khi p dng bin php th tc ng xu s
c gim n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh
hin hnh. Trng hp khng p ng c yu cu quy nh th phi nu r l do v
c nhng kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh.
Bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng
c th chia lm 2 nhm:
-
i vi cc tc ng tiu cc
i vi s c mi trng
Bin php gim thiu c phn chia theo cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n
gm:
-
Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng
Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
4.2. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng
-
Cc vn bn php l lin quan trc tip n cng tc n b v gii phng mt

bng cho d n
Qui trnh thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng
T chc thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng

58

cng nghip - 10/2009
Vai tr v trch nhim ca ch u t
M t s lc phng n n b v gii phng mt bng
Tnh trng thc hin cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng
4.3. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s

a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang
-
C pht quang sinh khi thc vt hay khng
Kh nng pht quang sinh khi thc vt
V tr tp kt sinh khi thc vt pht quang
Phng thc thu gom sinh khi thc vt pht quang
Phng thc vn chuyn sinh khi thc vt pht quang
Bin php x l sinh khi thc vt pht quang
b. Bn bc tch b mt
-
C bc tch lp bn b mt hay khng
Kh nng bc tch lp bn b mt
V tr tp kt lp bn b mt
Phng thc thu gom lp bn b mt
Phng thc vn chuyn lp bn b mt
Bin php x l lp bn b mt
c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn

-
Cc bin php trong qu trnh vn chuyn nh tm bt che ph vt liu bn

trn
Cc bin php trong qu trnh san nn nh san i ra ngay, phun nc
d. Nc thi sinh hot

-
Trang b nh v sinh di ng hay xy dng nh v sinh
S lng nh v sinh
V tr t cc nh v sinh
Bin php x l phn hm cu
e. Cht thi rn sinh hot

-
S lng cc thng rc sinh hot
Th tch ca cc thng rc sinh hot
V tr t cc thng rc sinh hot
Phng thc thu gom rc sinh hot
Phng thc vn chuyn rc sinh hot

59

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bin php x l rc sinh hot
f. Cht thi xy dng

-
V tr tp kt cht thi xy dng
Phng thc thu gom cht thi xy dng
Phng thc vn chuyn cht thi xy dng
Bin php x l cht thi xy dng
g. Du m thi
-
S lng cc thng cha du m thi
Th tch ca cc thng cha du m thi
V tr t cc thng cha du m thi
Phng thc thu gom du m thi
Phng thc vn chuyn du m thi
Bin php x l du m thi
h. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng

-
C lp t tng bao xung quanh hay khng
V tr lp t
i. Tnh trng ngp ng

-
Phng thc san nn
Cc rnh thot nc ma
H thng thot nc mt tng th cho khu vc trong c khu vc d n
k. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn

-
iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn phc v cho d n
Nhn lc thc hin iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn
l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng

-
Gio dc, tuyn truyn thc cng dn i vi cng nhn xy dng
Gii thiu vi lao ng nhp c v phong tc/tp qun ca ngi dn a

phng
Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l a phng c lin quan thc hin

cng tc qun l cng nhn nhp c lu tr
m. Tai nn lao ng
-
Tp hun v an ton lao ng trc khi bt u xy dng d n.
Hng dn v gim st cht ch vic tun th an ton lao ng ca cng nhn

xy dng.
60

cng nghip - 10/2009
Trang b cc phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn xy dng theo cc qui
nh hin hnh ca B Lao ng v Thng binh X hi.
n. N bom mn tn lu trong lng t

-
Hp ng vi B t lnh cng binh hoc B ch huy Qun s tnh thc hin
Tin hnh trc khi bt u cc cng vic trin khai thi cng
o. S c chy
-
Phng thc phng chng chy
Trang thit b
4.4. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
4.4.1. Tun th cc phng n quy hoch
-
Tun th cc ngnh ngh thu ht u t
m bo t l t xy dng, t h tng cng trnh u mi v t cy xanh trn

ton din tch t
m bo h thng h tng c s ca d n bao gm: h thng thot nc ma,

h thng thu gom nc thi, nh my XLNT tp trung, bi trung chuyn cht
thi rn, h thng giao thng, h thng cp in, h thng cp nc...
4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim khng kh

a. Ch u t
-
Trng cy xanh cch ly xung quanh KCN, cy xanh trn cc trc ng giao
thng ni b
Cung cp cc tiu chun mi trng lin quan n kh thi ti ngun v khng

kh xung quanh p dng i vi d n
Ring i vi trm XLNT tp trung, cc bin php s c thc hin:

o Tun th cc yu cu thit k
o Tun th cc yu cu vn hnh v gim st
o Trng cy xanh cch ly xung quanh
Kim tra vic tun th cc bin php gim thiu nhim kh thi v ting n
ca cc nh my thnh vin theo cc qui nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit
Nam.
b. Cc nh my thnh vin
-
Thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim kh thi, ting n v rung nh
trong bo co TM hoc Bn cam kt bo v mi trng ca tng d n c
ph duyt bi c quan chc nng v mi trng.
Tun th t l din tch cy xanh trong tng nh my thnh vin theo cc qui
nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam.
61

cng nghip - 10/2009
4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi

-
K hoch hnh ng nhm gim thiu nhim do nc thi

Ni dung
Trch nhim
Thi gian d kin
Mc ch
Lp n xin php x nc
thi vo ngun tip nhn
Xy dng h thng thot
nc ma ring bit so vi h
thng thu gom nc thi ca
KCN
Kim sot nhim nc thi
sn xut v sinh hot t cc
nh my thnh vin trong
KCN
Kim sot nhim nc thi
sinh hot t trung tm iu
hnh - dch v
Xy dng nh my XLNT tp
trung ca KCN
Vn hnh nh my XLNT tp
trung ca KCN
Xy dng quy nh v l ph
thu gom v x l nc thi
-
T chc qun l nc thi ti KCN
Tiu chun nc thi u vo Nh my XLNT tp trung
Cng ngh ti nh my XLNT tp trung
K hoch v tin xy lp nh my XLNT tp trung
4.4.4. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi

-
K hoch hnh ng gim thiu nhim cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi
Ni dung
Trch
nhim
Thi gian
d kin
62
Mc ch
Ghi ch

cng nghip - 10/2009
Ni dung
Trch
nhim
Thi gian
d kin
Qun l v x l cht thi rn sinh hot

Phn loi cht thi rn sinh
hot ti ngun (cc nh my)
Thu gom v lu tr cht thi
rn sinh hot ti cc nh my
vo cc thng cha quy nh
Hp ng vi Cng ty c
chc nng thu gom, vn
chuyn, x l
Qun l v x l cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi
Phn loi cht thi rn cng
nghip khng nguy hi ti
ngun (cc nh my)
Thu gom cht thi rn cng
nghip khng nguy hi vo
cc thng cha quy nh
Hp ng vi n v c chc
nng ca a phng n thu
gom v vn chuyn i x l
Qun l v x l cht thi nguy hi
K khai cht thi nguy hi
theo cc quy nh hin hnh
ca php lut Vit Nam
Thu gom cht thi nguy hi
cng nghip vo cc thng
cha quy nh c dn nhn
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Mc ch
Ghi ch

cng nghip - 10/2009
Ni dung
Trch
nhim
Thi gian
d kin
Mc ch
Ghi ch
Hp ng vi n v c chc
nng ca a phng n thu
gom v vn chuyn i x l
-
Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi rn sinh hot

o Ch u t
o Cc nh my thnh vin
Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi

o Ch u t
o Cc nh my thnh vin
Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi nguy hi

o Ch u t
o Cc nh my thnh vin
4.4.5. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi

-
Tnh trng ngp ng
Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn
4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng

-
Phng chng chy n
Phng chng st
Kim sot cc s c lin quan n cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung

o Kim sot s c r r ha cht v an ton tip xc vi ha cht
o Kim sot s c hiu sut x l khng t
An ton v in
64

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

Yu cu: xut c cc bin php qun l v gim st, quan trc mi trng nhm
m bo thc hin c hiu qu cc bin php bo v mi trng c nu trong
Chng 4, ng thi kp pht hin nhng khim khuyt trong qu trnh thc hin cng
nh nhng biu hin suy thoi, nhim mi trng do d n gy ra kp thi iu
chnh.
5.1. Nguyn tc chung
Chng trnh qun l mi trng, bao gm c K hoch ng cu khn cp, c tc
dng h tr cho vic thc hin v tun th cc bin php gim thiu tc hi v bo v
mi trng nu trong bo co TM.
Sau khi d n c chp thun v bo co TM c ph duyt, ch u t, c
quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng v cc bn lin quan khc thc hin cc hnh
ng m bo cc bin php gim thiu xut c lng ghp vo khung k
hoch thc hin d n.
Trch nhim ca ch u t v n v chuyn trch mi trng ca ch u t l:
-
Ch nh n v chuyn trch kt ni cc kt qu TM trong vic nh hng

pht trin d n v thay i thit k (nu cn thit);
Theo di vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc hi v bo v mi trng

ca cc nh thu;
Thc hin chng gim st mi trng kim tra hiu qu ca cc bin php
gim thiu v xut cc bin php iu chnh hoc b sung m bo tun
th cc quy nh v cc tiu chun mi trng tng ng (nu cn thit);
Ch nh cc chuyn gia/n v t vn tr gip thc hin cc nhim v nu ch

u t khng nng lc;
Phn b kinh ph ph hp thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng.
Nh vy, chng trnh qun l mi trng cn phi bao gm c chng trnh gim
st sau thm nh TM, k hoch ng cu khn cp v chng trnh gim st mi
trng trong tt c cc giai on thc hin d n.
Chng trnh qun l mi trng bao gm cc ni dung sau:
-
K hoch gim thiu nhim, gim st mi trng v iu chnh cc bin php

gim thiu tc hi;
K hoch gio dc/o to v truyn thng;
K hoch phng nga v ng cu s c;
Phn nh trch nhim v t chc, nhn s;
Th tc ghi chp v bo co
65

cng nghip - 10/2009
5.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng

a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Cc ni dung chnh ca chng trnh qun l mi trng (QLMT):
Bng 5.1. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on chun b d n
TT
Ni dung
Tnh trng / n v thc hin chnh
La chn a im d n
Xy dng k hoch n b, gii

phng mt bng cho d n
Quy hoch mt bng v h tng k

thut cho d n
Xy dng bo co TM cho d n
Hoch nh cc tiu chun mi

trng p dng ti d n
Hoch nh cc k hoch hnh ng

bo v mi trng ca d n
Bng 5.2. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on xy dng h tng c s

TT
Ni dung
Tnh trng / n v thc hin chnh
Trin khai thc hin cc k hoch

hnh ng bo v mi trng c
thng qua trong giai on ny
66

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 5.3. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
TT
Ni dung
Tnh trng/n v thc hin chnh
Trin khai thc hin cc k hoch

hnh ng bo v mi trng c
thng qua trong giai on ny
Pht trin h thng QLMT cho ton

KCN
b. T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng

Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN: phi hp cht ch vi S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng thc hin tt chng trnh qun l v bo v mi trng theo cc qui
nh hin hnh, c th:
-
Thnh lp b phn chuyn trch v mi trng (phng/t mi trng). B

phn ny c trch nhim gip vic cho Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN; t
chc tp hun v QLMT cho cc thnh vin ca b phn ny.
Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l nh nc gim st vic tun th

mi trng ca cc nh thu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s ca d
n.
Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l nh nc gim st vic tun th

cc yu cu v mt mi trng i vi cc nh my trin khai trong KCN.
Vn hnh v bo dng h thng XLNT tp trung khi c xy lp v a

vo s dng.
Hng dn cc th tc cn thit v mt mi trng cho cc nh my khi

ng k trin khai v hot ng trong KCN.
Qui hoch cp v thi c th cho cc nh my trin khai trong KCN, trong

tp trung vo:
+ B tr cc ngnh ngh ph hp trong tng khu vc theo qui hoch phn
khu cc nhm ngnh cng nghip.
+ Qui hoch h thng cp nc
+ Qui hoch h thng thot nc ma
+ Qui hoch h thng thu gom nc thi
+ Qui hoch trm XLNT tp trung
+ Qui hoch bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
+ Xy dng tiu chun x thi cho cc nh my thnh vin trin khai
trong KCN trc khi thi vo h thng XLNT tp trung.
67

cng nghip - 10/2009
+ Xy dng khung gi v cc dch v mi trng nh khung gi v x l

tip nc thi n tiu chun cho php ca Nh nc, khung gi v
dch v thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot.
Cc nh my thnh vin:
-
Cc nh my trc khi trin khai xy dng trong KCN s thc hin bo co

TM hoc Cam kt bo v mi trng theo cc vn bn hng dn hin
hnh ca c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng.
Cung cp y cc s liu v tnh hnh tiu th nc, khi lng cht thi
rn, cht thi nguy hi (theo thng/qu/nm) khi i vo hot ng.
K khai thu ph nc thi theo Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP v Ngh nh

s 04/2007/N-CP.
K khai cng tc phn loi thu gom cht thi rn bao gm c cht thi nguy
hi (nh du m thi, ha cht qu hn s dng hoc cht lng km,).
Cc nh my thnh vin c nc thi khng t tiu chun thi cc b do

KCN qui nh s phi xy dng h thng tin XLNT t tiu chun x thi
qui nh ca KCN trc x thi vo h thng thu gom nc thi chung ca
KCN.
5.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng

a. Gim st cht thi
Gim st cc vn c lin quan n cht thi
Ni dung gm:
+ Ni dung gim st:
+ Thu gom, x l cht thi trong qu trnh chun b mt bng nh bn
no vt, sinh khi pht quang v.v..
+ Nc thi
+ Bn d t trm XLNT tp trung
+ Cht thi rn
+ Cht thi nguy hi
n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: cc nh my t thc hin, Ch u t
Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st
Mc ch gim st
V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th hin c
th trn s vi ch gii r rng
Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho cht thi
ca d n theo tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam
Tn sut gim st: ti thiu 03 (ba) thng mt ln
68

cng nghip - 10/2009
Gim st nc thi
Bng 5.4. K hoch hnh ng gim st nc thi
Ni dung
Trch nhim
Gim st cht Cc
lng
nc my
thi ti im vin
kt ni t cc
nh my thnh
vin vo cng
thu gom nc
thi chung ca
KCN
Thi gian
nh Khi nh my
thnh bt u i vo
hot ng sn
xut
Mc ch
Ghi ch
Kim sot cht

lng nc thi
ti cc nh my
thnh vin t
tiu chun thi
vo cng thu
gom nc thi
ca KCN
im kt ni c h
ga v nm ngoi
tng ro ca cc
nh my nhm
thun tin trong
cng tc gim st v
cht lng nc thi
v lu lng x thi
Gim st cht Cng ty xy

lng
nc dng
h
thi u vo tng KCN
ca
trm
XLNT
tp
trung
ca
KCN
Sau khi xy
dng
xong
trm XLNT tp
trung ca KCN
Kim sot cht

lng nc thi
u vo ca
trm XLNT tp
trung ca KCN
Gim st cht Cng ty xy

lng
nc dng
h
thi u ra tng KCN
(sau x l) ca
trm
XLNT
tp trung ca
KCN
Sau khi xy
dng
xong
trm XLNT tp
trung ca KCN
Kim sot cht

lng nc thi
u ra ca trm
XLNT tp trung
ca KCN
V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh
69
Lp t h thng
gim st t ng cc
thng s nh: lu
lng, nhit , pH,
DO, SS ti nc thi
u ra sau trm
XLNT tp trung ca
KCN

cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 5.5. V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh

V tr gim st
Tiu chun so snh
Ti cc nh my thnh vin trc khi thi vo cng Tiu chun nc thi cc b

thu gom nc thi ca KCN (ch gim st khi cn theo qui nh ca KCN
thit)
Trc khi vo h thng XLNT tp trung ca KCN
Tiu chun nc thi cc b

theo qui nh ca KCN
Sau h thng XLNT tp trung ca KCN
Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi

trng qui nh
Thng s gim st (y l cc thng s c bn, tuy nhin tu theo tnh hnh

thc t ca loi hnh cht thi cc thng s gim st c th thay i cho ph
hp)
-
pH
BOD
COD
SS
Du m khong
Du m ng thc vt
CN-
Tng N
Tng P
Phenol
Clorua
Cr
Hg
Cu
Zn
Ni
Mg
Fe
As
70

cng nghip - 10/2009
Coliform
Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ln (trc v sau trm XLNT tp trung; ti cc nh

my thnh vin trc khi thi vo cng thu gom nc thi ca KCN ch gim
st khi cn thit)
Gim st bn d t trm XLNT tp trung
V tr: im thu gom tp trung bn d ca trm XLNT tp trung
hp):
-
pH
T trng
Cr
Hg
Cu
Zn
Ni
Mg
Fe
As
Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ln

b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh
Gim st mi trng xung quanh
Ni dung gm:
+ Ni dung gim st: cht lng khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi phm vi
cc nh my, cht lng khng kh trong cc nh my, cht lng mi
trng nc mt, cht lng mi trng nc ngm, cht lng mi
trng t
+ n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: cc nh my t thc hin, Ch
u t
+ Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st
+ Mc ch gim st
+ V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th
hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng
71

cng nghip - 10/2009
+ Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho d

n theo tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong
trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim
st chung ca c quan nh nc.
Tn sut gim st: ti thiu 06 (su) thng mt ln
Gim st khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi phm vi cc nh my
Bng 5.6. K hoch hnh ng gim st khng kh xung quanh
Ni dung
Trch nhim
Thi gian d kin
Mc ch
Gim
st
mi Cc nh my t Khi cc nh my Kim sot cht lng
trng khng kh thc hin
thnh vin bt u mi trng khng kh
trong cc nh my
i vo hot ng khu vc nh my
thnh vin trong
sn xut
KCN
Gim
st
mi Cng ty xy dng Khi KCN i vo Kim sot cht lng
trng khng kh h tng KCN
vn hnh
mi trng khng kh
trong KCN nhng
khu vc KCN
nm ngoi phm vi
cc nh my
Gim
st
mi Cng ty xy dng Khi KCN i vo Kim sot cht lng
trng khng kh h tng KCN
vn hnh
mi trng khng kh
bn ngoi KCN
bn ngoi KCN
V tr gim st:
-
Trong KCN, khu vc trm XLNT tp trung
Trong KCN, khu vc bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
Trong KCN, khu dch v v cng trnh cng cng
Trong KCN, khu cc nh my
Ngoi KCN, pha ng
Ngoi KCN, pha Ty
Ngoi KCN, pha Nam
Ngoi KCN, pha Bc
72

cng nghip - 10/2009

hp)
-
Ting n
Bi
CO
SO2
NO2
Pb
NH3
H2S

Gim st khng kh trong cc nh my
Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN gim st qu trnh thc hin cng tc gim st cht
lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh ca cc nh my thnh vin da trn bo co
TM hoc Cam kt bo v mi trng ca cc d n c c quan chc nng ph
duyt.
Gim st mi trng nc mt
V tr gim st:
-
im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN
500 m v pha thng ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN
500 m v pha h ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN

hp)
-
pH
SS
BOD
COD
DO
73

cng nghip - 10/2009
Tng N
Tng P
NO2-
NO3-
NH4+
Cu
Pb
Zn
Cd
Hg
Cr
Coliform
Du m ng thc vt
Du m khong

Gim st nc ngm
V tr gim st:
-
Ging trong KCN
Ging bn ngoi KCN
Thng s gim st:

-
pH
NH4+
cng
Coliform
NO3-
SO42-
Fe
74

cng nghip - 10/2009
Gim st cht lng t

V tr gim st:
-
Trong KCN, khu vc trm XLNT tp trung
Trong KCN, khu vc bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
Trong KCN, khu cc nh my

hp)
-
pH
Hm lng cac-bon hu c
Pb
Cu
Zn
Cd
Du m
75

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG

Yu cu: Tham vn cng ng c thc hin t c 2 mc ch:
-
Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t x hi a phng
Ly kin bng vn bn ca UBND v UBMTTQ cp x v cc vn mi

trng lin quan n vic thc hin d n a phng v cc bin php bo
v mi trng d kin p dng.
6.1. Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t - x hi

Tham vn cng ng l mt trong cc ngun cung cp thng tin quan trng v cc
vn kinh t x hi ca a phng. C 2 ni dung cn thc hin t c mc
ch ny l:
-
T chc hp, phng vn v nghe bo co ca chnh quyn cp x
Pht phiu iu tra kinh t x hi
Vic tham vn cng ng thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t x hi cn tin hnh
ng thi vi vic kho st, ly mu phn tch hin trang mi trng t nhin.
6.2. Ly kin ca chnh quyn cp x v cc vn mi trng
Tham vn cng ng v cc vn mi trng lin quan n vic thc hin d n
c tin hnh sau khi c d tho bo co TM. Ch u t cn gi vn bn xin
kin ca UBND v UBMTTQ cp x, km theo bn tm tt ni dung bo co TM.
UBND v UBMTTQ s nghin cu bn tm tt bo co TM v cho kin nh gi
v khuyn ngh bng vn bn. Hai vn bn ny s c a vo ni dung bo co
TM (theo quy nh ti khon 2.4, iu 2, Mc III, Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT)
Nu cn thit, phi t chc i thoi hoc pht phiu iu tra i vi i din cng
ng a phng (i din cc ban ngnh, cc t chc chnh tr x hi v cc t dn
c). Kt qu cuc i thoi c ghi thnh bin bn, trong phn nh y nhng
kin tho lun, kin tip thu hoc khng tip thu ca ch d n; bin bn c ch
k (ghi h tn, chc danh) ca ngi ch tr cuc i thoi v ch d n hoc i din
ch d n, km theo danh sch i biu tham d. Cc mu phiu tr li, bin bn hp
i thoi cng s c gn vo bo co TM theo quy nh ca Thng t
05/2008/TT-BTNMT (ti cng iu khon nu trn)
76

cng nghip - 10/2009
Chng 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI D N XY DNG KT CU

H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP
Yu cu: Cu trc bo co TM d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip phi
tun th hng dn ti Ph lc 4 ca Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy
08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng
chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng.
7.1. M u
1. Xut x ca d n
2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin TM
3. T chc thc hin TM
7.2. Chng 1: M t tm tt d n
1. Tn d n
2. Ch d n
3. V tr a l ca d n
4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n
-
Mc ch v phm vi hot ng
o Mc ch
o Cc ngnh ngh thu ht u t
Cc li ch kinh t x hi
Qui hoch mt bng tng th

o S dng t
o Cc khu chc nng
Qui hoch h tng k thut

o Cc khu chc nng
o H thng giao thng
o H thng cp nc
o H thng cp in
o H thng thot nc ma
o H thng thu gom v x l nc thi
o Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn
o H thng thng tin lin lc
Chi ph u t
T chc qun l d n
77

cng nghip - 10/2009
Tin thc hin d n
7.3. Chng 2: iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi

1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng
-
iu kin a l v a cht
o a hnh
o a cht cng trnh
o a cht thy vn
iu kin v kh tng - thy vn

o Kh tng
o Thy vn
Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin

o Cht lng khng kh
o Cht lng nc mt
o Cht lng nc ngm
o Cht lng t
Ti nguyn sinh vt
o H thc vt cn
o H thc vt cn
o H thy sinh
2. Hin trng kinh t - x hi

-
Hin trng kinh t
Hin trng x hi
7.4. Chng 3: nh gi tc ng mi trng

1. Ngun gy tc ng
Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
-
Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi:

-
78

cng nghip - 10/2009
Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra
-
2. i tng, quy m b tc ng
-
i tng chu tc ng
Quy m tc ng
3. nh gi tc ng
-
nh gi tnh hp l v d n
nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng
nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
nh gi tc ng tng hp n cc thnh phn mi trng
4. nh gi v cc phng php s dng

7.5. Chng 4: Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c
mi trng
1. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu
-
Tun th cc phng n qui hoch
2. Bin php gim thiu s c mi trng

-
7.6. Chng 5: Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng

a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
-
Chng trnh qun l mi trng
T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng
b. Chng trnh gim st mi trng

Gim st cht thi
-
Gim st trong giai on thi cng xy dng

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cng nghip - 10/2009
+ Ni dung gim st
+ Kinh ph gim st
-
Gim st trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh

+ Ni dung gim st
+ Kinh ph gim st
Gim st mi trng xung quanh

-
Gim st trong giai on thi cng xy dng

+ Ni dung gim st
+ Kinh ph gim st
Gim st trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh

+ Ni dung gim st
+ Kinh ph gim st
Gim st khc
-
Gim st trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng

+ Ni dung gim st
+ Kinh ph gim st
7.7. Chng 6: Tham vn kin cng ng

a. kin ca U ban nhn dn cp x
b. kin ca U ban Mt trn T quc cp x
c. kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca U ban nhn
dn cp x v U ban Mt trn T quc cp x
7.8. Kt lun v kin ngh
1. Kt lun
2. Kin ngh
3. Cam kt
a. Cam kt tun th cc phng n quy hoch
b. Cam kt tun th cc tiu chun mi trng
c. Cam kt trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng
d. Cam kt trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
e. Cam kt trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
f. Cam kt bi thng thit hi nu xy ra s c mi trng
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PH LC
1. M HNH NH GI TC NG TCH HP
CA CC NGUN THI TI MI TRNG
M hnh RIAM Version Basic ca DHI Water & Environment c p dng
nh gi tc ng tch hp ca cc ngun thi ti mi trng.
1. Cc thnh phn mi trng
Vt l/ha hc (PC): bao gm cc kha cnh v vt l v ha hc ca mi
trng nh cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin hu hn khng phi l sinh hc v
s suy thoi mi trng vt l do nhim.
V d:
-
PC01: nhim khng kh do bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn trong giai

on xy dng h tng c s
PC02: nhim khng kh do bi v kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn

trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
PC03: nhim khng kh do ting n ca cc thit b, my mc, phng

tin thi cng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
PC04: nhim nc mt do nc thi sinh hot trong giai on xy dng

h tng c s
PC05: nhim nc mt do cht thi rn sinh hot trong giai on xy

dng h tng c s
PC06: nhim nc mt do cht thi xy dng trong giai on xy dng h

tng c s
PC07: nhim nc mt do du m thi trong giai on xy dng h tng

c s
PC08: nhim nc mt do gia tng c nc sng trong giai on xy

dng h tng c s
PC09: nhim t v nc ngm do nc thi sinh hot trong giai on

xy dng h tng c s
PC10: nhim t v nc ngm do cht thi rn sinh hot trong giai on

xy dng h tng c s
PC11: nhim t v nc ngm do cht thi xy dng trong giai on xy

dng h tng c s
PC12: nhim t v nc ngm do du m thi trong giai on xy dng

h tng c s
PC13: nhim khng kh do bi v kh thi t hot ng ca cc nh my

trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
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cng nghip - 10/2009
PC14: nhim khng kh do bi v kh thi ca cc phng tin vn

chuyn trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC15: nhim khng kh do mi hi t trm x l nc thi tp trung

PC16: nhim khng kh do sol kh pht tn t trm x l nc thi tp

trung trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC17: nhim khng kh do mi hi t h thng thu gom nc thi trong

giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC18: nhim khng kh do ting n v rung t hot ng ca cc nh

my trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC19: nhim nc mt do nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut trong

PC20: nhim nc mt do cht thi rn sinh hot v cht thi rn sn xut

PC21: nhim nc mt do bn d t trm x l nc thi tp trung trong

PC22: nhim nc mt do cht thi nguy hi trong giai on khai thc v

vn hnh
PC23: nhim t v nc ngm do nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn

xut trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC24: nhim t v nc ngm do cht thi rn sinh hot v cht thi rn

sn xut trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
PC25: nhim t v nc ngm do bn d t trm x l nc thi tp

PC26: nhim t v nc ngm do cht thi nguy hi trong giai on khai

thc v vn hnh
Sinh hc/sinh thi (BE): bao gm cc kha cnh v sinh hc ca mi trng nh

cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin c th phc hi, bo tn a dng sinh hc,
tng tc loi v nhim sinh quyn.
V d:
-
BE01: nh hng n h thy sinh do nc thi sinh hot trong giai on

xy dng h tng c s
BE02: nh hng n h thy sinh do cht thi rn sinh hot trong giai
on xy dng h tng c s
BE03: nh hng n h thy sinh do cht thi xy dng trong giai on

xy dng h tng c s
BE04: nh hng n h thy sinh do du m thi trong giai on xy dng

h tng c s
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cng nghip - 10/2009
BE05: nh hng n h thy sinh do gia tng c nc sng trong giai

on xy dng h tng c s
BE06: nh hng n h thy sinh do nc thi sinh hot v sn xut trong

BE07: nh hng n h thy sinh do cht thi rn sinh hot v sn xut

BE08: nh hng n h thy sinh do bn d t trm x l nc thi tp

BE09: nh hng n h thy sinh do cht thi nguy hi trong giai on

khai thc v vn hnh
Vn ha/x hi (SC): bao gm cc kha cnh v nhn vn ca mi trng nh

cc vn x hi nh hng n cc c nhn v cng ng cng nh cc kha
cnh v vn ha nh bo tn di sn vn ha v pht trin nhn loi.
V d:
-
SC01: Tranh chp gia ngi dn c t vi ch u t trong giai on n

b v gii phng mt bng
SC02: nh hng n i sng ca cc h dn trong giai on n b v

gii phng mt bng
SC03: Tnh trng ngp ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s
SC04: Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn trong giai on xy

dng h tng c s
SC05: Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng trong

giai on xy dng
SC06: Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn trong giai on khai thc v vn

hnh
Kinh t (EO): nhn din cc h qu kinh t do s thay i mi trng mang tnh

cht tm thi v lu di cng nh s phc tp trong qun l cc hot ng d
n.
V d:
-
EO01: Thit hi do s c mi trng trong giai on xy dng
EO02: Thit hi do s c mi trng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh
2. Tiu chun v thang im nh gi: cc tiu chun v thang im c xc lp

cho cng tc nh gi bng phng php ma trn nh gi tc ng nhanh:
A1: phm vi ca tc ng
4 = quan trng i vi quc gia
3 = quan trng i vi vng
2 = quan trng i vi khu vc xung quanh
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cng nghip - 10/2009
1 = quan trng i vi khu vc d n

0 = khng quan trng
A2: h qu ca tc ng
0 = khng thay i/nh hng
1 = c nh hng tiu cc so vi hin trng
2 = tiu cc ng k so vi hin trng
3 = rt tiu cc
B1: thi gian tc ng
1 = khng thay i/khng p dng
2 = ngn hn/trung hn
3 = di hn
B2: kh nng phc hi
2 = c th phc hi
3 = khng th phc hi
B3: mc tch ly ca tc ng
2 = n l
3 = tch ly
3. Mc tc ng: nh gi mc ca tc ng, ch s ES (im mi trng)
c s dng:
(A1) x (A2) = AT
(B1) + (B2) + (B3) = BT
(AT) x (BT) = ES
Bng 1. Mc tc ng
M t tc ng
im mi
trng (ES)
Gi tr khong
(RV)
Khng thay i/khng p dng/khng ci thin
-1 -9
-A
Thay i/tc ng tiu cc khng ng k
-10 -18
-B
Thay i/tc ng tiu cc
-19 -35
-C
Thay i/tc ng tiu cc va
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cng nghip - 10/2009
im mi
trng (ES)
Gi tr khong
(RV)
M t tc ng
-36 -71
-D
Thay i/tc ng tiu cc ng k
-72 -108
-E
Thay i/tc ng rt tiu cc
4. Kt qu nh gi: c trnh by trong cc bng v hnh sau.

V d:
Bng 2. Ma trn nh gi tc ng nhanh ca thnh phn vt l/ha hc
Cc vn
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
ES
RV
PC01
-1
-6
-A
PC02
-1
-6
-A
PC03
-1
-6
-A
PC04
-2
-24
-C
PC05
-2
-24
-C
PC06
-2
-24
-C
PC07
-3
-36
-D
PC08
-2
-24
-C
PC09
-2
-24
-C
PC10
-2
-24
-C
PC11
-2
-24
-C
PC12
-3
-36
-D
PC13
-2
-28
-C
PC14
-1
-7
-A
PC15
-2
-14
-B
PC16
-1
-7
-A
PC17
-1
-7
-A
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc vn
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
ES
RV
PC18
-2
-28
-C
PC19
-3
-42
-D
PC20
-3
-42
-D
PC21
-3
-42
-D
PC22
-3
-42
-D
PC23
-3
-42
-D
PC24
-3
-42
-D
PC25
-3
-42
-D
PC26
-3
-42
-D
Bng 3. Ma trn nh gi tc ng nhanh ca thnh phn sinh hc/sinh thi

Cc vn
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
ES
RV
BE01
-2
-24
-C
BE02
-2
-24
-C
BE03
-2
-24
-C
BE04
-3
-36
-D
BE05
-2
-24
-C
BE06
-3
-42
-D
BE07
-3
-42
-D
BE08
-3
-42
-D
BE09
-3
-42
-D
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Bng 4. Ma trn nh gi tc ng nhanh ca thnh phn vn ha/x hi

Cc vn
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
ES
RV
SC01
-2
-12
-B
SC02
-1
-6
-A
SC03
-1
-6
-A
SC04
-1
-6
-A
SC05
-2
-24
-C
SC06
-3
-42
-D
Bng 5. Ma trn nh gi tc ng nhanh ca thnh phn kinh t

Cc vn
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
ES
RV
EO01
-3
-18
-B
EO02
-3
-18
-B
Bng 6. Tng hp mc tc ng ca d n n mi trng v kinh t x hi

Gi tr khong
(RV)
-72 -108
-36 -71
-19 -35
-10 -18
-1 -9
-E
-D
-C
-B
-A
PC
10
BE
SC
EO
16
14
Tng
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Hnh 1. Biu din tc ng ca cc thnh phn mi trng

Vt l/ha hc
Sinh hc/sinh thi
Vn ha/X hi
Kinh t
Hnh 2. Biu din tng hp tc ng ca d n n mi trng v kinh t x hi
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cng nghip - 10/2009
2. M HNH D BO LAN TRUYN NHIM KHNG KH

1. L thuyt m hnh
d bo mc tc ng do kh thi t cc ngun im n mi trng khng
kh, phng trnh khuch tn Gauss c p dng.
Phng trnh khuch tn Gauss ca ngun thi xc nh nng cht nhim
trung bnh n nh theo thi gian s ph thuc vo cng thi ca ngun, tc
gi, chiu cao hiu qu ca ngun thi v iu kin kh quyn ca khu vc. Khi tnh
ton da theo cc iu kin sau:
Lng thi cht nhim do ngun thi ra l hng s theo thi gian.
Tc gi l khng i theo thi gian v theo cao vt khi.
Trong vt khi khng c b sung thm cht nhim.
a hnh bng phng.
T cc iu kin trn, phng trnh tnh ton nng cht nhim (C) ti mt
im bt k c ta (x, y, z) c xc nh nh sau:
C(x,y,z) =
2
2
2
exp y exp ( H z ) + exp ( H + z )

2
2
2
2 y z
2 y
2 z
2 z

Khi xc nh nng cht nhim gn mt t theo trc gi thi (trc x), khi y
= z = 0, phng trnh s tr thnh:
C(x,y,z) =
H2
exp
2 z2
y z
M
Trong cc phng trnh trn:

C(x,y,z): Nng cht nhim ti im c ta x,y,z (mg/m3)
C(x,y,z=0): Nng cht nhim ti im c ta x,y vi z = 0 gn mt t
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cng nghip - 10/2009
C(x): Nng cht nhim ti cc im trn trc x vi y = z = 0 (mg/m3)

x: Khong cch ti ngun thi theo phng x, phng gi thi (m)
y: Khong cch t im tnh trn mt phng ngang theo chiu vung gc vi trc
ca vt khi, cch tim vt khi (m)
z: Chiu cao ca im tnh ton (m)
M: Ti lng ca cht nhim t ngun thi (mg/s)
m: Tc gi trung bnh ca chiu cao hiu qu (H) ca ng khi (m/s)
y: H s khuch tn ca kh quyn theo phng ngang, phng y (m)
z: H s khuch tn ca kh quyn theo phng ngang, phng z (m)
2. Cc m hnh ng dng
Hin nay, ti Vit Nam cc m hnh ang c s dng da trn phng trnh
khuch tn Gauss nh sau:
2.1. M hnh Gaussian
M hnh Gaussian c vit chy trn nn Excel cho php d bo mc tc ng
ca ngun thi n mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
Kt qu d bo ca m hnh nh sau:
(mg/m3)
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
10
30
50
Than g 3
70
Than g 6
90
200
400
Than g 9
2.2. M hnh CAP 3.0

90
600
800
1000
Than g 12
1200
1400
TCVN
1600
(m)

cng nghip - 10/2009
M hnh Cap 3.0 c vit trn ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng cho php d
bo mc tc ng ca ngun thi n mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
2.3. M hnh Envimap 3.0

M hnh Envimap 3.0 c vit trn ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng cho php
d bo mc tc ng ca ngun thi n mi trng khng kh xung quanh tch
hp trn nn GIS.
So snh gia cc m hnh:

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cng nghip - 10/2009
u im
Nhc im
M hnh Gaussian
D bo theo khong a hnh bng phng

cch nh hng
Khng tch hp trn nn GIS
M hnh CAP 3.0

cch nh hng
Khng tch hp trn nn GIS
M hnh Envimap 3.0

cch nh hng
Tch hp trn nn GIS
3. M HNH D BO NHIM NGUN NC

Hin nay, c nhiu m hnh d bo nhim ngun nc ang c s dng ti
Vit Nam nh: IPC, QUAL, QUAL2EU, QUAL2K, BASIN, SWAT Nhn chung,
c th phn chia m hnh cht lng nc sng thnh 3 nhm nh sau:
Nhm 1: m hnh dng nh gi nhanh
+ D bo cht lng nc sng trng thi n nh (steady state)
+ D liu u vo tng i n gin
+ H tr nhanh trong vic ra quyt nh
+ Cc m hnh nh IPC
Nhm 2: m hnh d bo cht lng nc khng tch hp trn nn GIS
+ D bo cht lng nc sng theo thi gian (dynamic)
+ D liu u vo tng i phc tp
+ C nhiu thng s ng hc, thng s thc nghim cn phi nghin cu
theo thi gian hon thin m hnh
+ Cc m hnh nh QUAL, QUAL2EU, QUAL2K
Nhm 3: m hnh d bo cht lng nc tch hp trn nn GIS
+ D bo cht lng nc sng theo thi gian (dynamic)
+ Tch hp cc lp thng tin u vo cho m hnh nh: a hnh, mng
li sng sui
+ Hin th kt qu v khng gian trn nn GIS
+ D liu u vo tng i phc tp
+ C nhiu thng s ng hc, thng s thc nghim cn phi nghin cu
theo thi gian hon thin m hnh
+ Cc m hnh nh BASIN, SWAT
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cng nghip - 10/2009
i vi vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng, c th s dng cc nhm m

hnh 1 hoc 2 l . Nhm m hnh 3 l khng cn thit v tnh phc tp trong vic s
dng rt cao.
1. Nhm m hnh 1 - M hnh IPC
Version: 2.0 1998
T chc pht trin m hnh
+ Ngn hng Th gii
+ T chc Y t Th gii
+ T chc Y t Hoa K
Cc c trng chnh
-
M hnh gm cc mun c lp v 01 mun lin kt.

o M hnh cht lng nc sng (BOD, COD, DO, Coliform, cht
nhim c coi khng b bin i)
o M hnh cht lng nc h (ch yu l BOD v dinh dng N, P)
o Ring m hnh tnh ton chi ph kinh t h tr ra quyt nh c lin
kt vi cc mun trn
Ngun din v ngun im
Danh sch cc loi ngnh ngh c phn loi v lit k trong m hnh, qun l
di dng cc ISIC. C s d liu v cc ngnh sn xut cho php cp nht
Qu trnh tnh ton ti lng nhim pht thi t cc ngnh ngh, cc nh my,
d n s dng bng h s pht thi ca T chc Y t Th gii. Bng h s ny
c thit lp sn trong m hnh v cho php cp nhp ph hp cho tng a
phng.
Kt qu d liu u ra di dng cc bng d liu, th v c th xut qua

GIS di dng Atlas.
Cc thng s u vo chnh
-
M hnh cht lng nc sng

o Ch thy lc ca sng
o Hin trng cht lng nc sng
o Tiu chun cht lng mong mun
o Cc ngun im (lu lng, ti lng nhim)
o Cc ngun din (non-point source)
o Qui m pht trin kinh t x hi
M hnh cht lng nc h

o Din tch h
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cng nghip - 10/2009
o Hin trng cht lng nc h

o Tiu chun cht lng mong mun
o Cc ngun thi vo h
-
M hnh tnh ton chi ph kinh t h tr ra quyt nh: cc thng tin kinh t ti
thiu yu cu trong m hnh
o Gi nhn cng
o Gi nng lng (in)
o Gi vt t chuyn dng nh nc gii nhit, x l nc cp, du DO,
xng, than hot tnh.
Kt qu
-
T trng gy nhim ca tng ngun- bng c th xut ra phn mm excel
Ch kinh t kim sot nhim tng hp (long-run)- th
M hnh cht lng nc sng

o nh gi ti tng nhim cho php thi vo sng
o D bo bin i cht lng nc sng trng thi steady state
o Xy dng cc kch bn ct gim ti lng nhim
o Tnh ton ti lng cn ct gim ca tng ngun thi cht lng nc
sng t tiu chun mong mun.
o Tnh ton kinh t ca cc gii php ct gim ti lng nhim i vi
tng ngun thi khc nhau bng cc phng php khc nhau nh x l
ha l, x l bc 1, x l bc 2, x l bc 3
M hnh cht lng nc h

o nh gi ti tng nhim cho php thi vo h
o D bo bin i cht lng nc h trng thi steady state
2. Nhm m hnh 2 - M hnh QUAL2K

M hnh QUAL2K l mt phin bn ca m hnh QUAL2E, c vit bng ngn
ng Visual Basic chy trn mi trng Excel. M hnh ny c pht trin do s hp
tc gia trng i Hc Tufts University v Trung tm M hnh Cht lng Nc ca
Cc Mi Trng M (US.EPA). M hnh c s dng rng ri d bo din bin
cht lng nc sng v d on ti trng ca cc cht thi cho php thi vo sng.
M hnh QUAL2K cho php m phng 15 thnh phn thng s cht lng nc
sng bao gm dn in, cht rn l lng v c, BOD5, DO, to di dng
chlorophyll, nit hu c (N hu c), amoni (N-NH4), nitrat (N-NO3), pht pho hu
c (P hu c), pht pho v c (P), thc vt phiu sinh (Phytoplankton), vi sinh gy
bnh, mnh vn t bo (dentritus), kim v tng cacbon v c.
M hnh c th p dng cho cc sng nhnh xo trn hon ton. Vi gi thit rng
cc c ch vn chuyn chnh ca dng l lan truyn v phn tn dc theo hng chnh
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cng nghip - 10/2009
ca dng (trc chiu di ca dng v knh). M hnh cho php tnh ton vi nhiu
ngun thi, cc im ly nc cp, cc nhnh ph v cc dng thm vo v ly ra. M
hnh QUAL2K cng c th tnh ton lu lng cn thit thm vo t c gi tr
xy ho tan theo tiu chun.
Phm vi ng dng: M hnh QUAL2K c p dng rng ri trong vic d bo
din bin cht lng mi trng nc cc sng sui v d on ti trng ca cc
cht thi cho php thi vo sng vi cc k hoch hnh ng khc nhau h tr cng tc
qui hoch, bo v v s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn nc mt.
iu kin bin:
H thng sng c chia thnh cc on sng (reaches), trong ch thy
lc, hng s tc phn ng, cc iu kin ban u, cc s liu v lu lng b
sung l khng i cho tt c cc phn t tnh ton trong mt on sng.
Khng xt dng triu trong qu trnh tnh ton v d bo ca m hnh.
Gi thit rng cc c ch vn chuyn chnh ca dng l l lan truyn v phn
tn dc theo theo hng chnh ca dng (trc chiu di ca dng v knh)
C s ton hc ca m hnh:
M hnh QUAL2K m phng cn bng lu lng theo hnh sau:
Cn bng lu lng trong m hnh QUAL2K
Phng trnh cn bng lu lng nh sau:

Qi = Qi 1 + Qvo,i Q ra ,i
Dng chnh ca sng c phn thnh cc phn on (segmentation) nh hnh

v sau:
Hnh 2.1. S m phng dng sng trong m hnh QUAL2K
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Hnh 2.2. S phn on dng sng trong m hnh QUAL2K
Trong mi on sng s c chia thnh cc phn t tnh ton. Hnh 2.2 biu din
mt on sng (n) c chia ra thnh cc phn t tnh ton, mi phn t tnh ton c
chiu di x. i vi mi phn t tnh ton, vit phng trnh cn bng lu lng cc
dng vo phn t t thng ngun (Qi-1), lu lng nc ly ra (Qxi) v lu lng
nc i ra phn t (Qi) h ngun. Tng t ta cng c th vit phng trnh cn
bng vt cht cho mt thnh phn vt cht C i vi phn t ny. Trong phng trnh
cn bng vt cht chng ta xem c hai yu t vn chuyn (Q.C) v khuych tn
((A.DL.x)/ xx) nh l nhng ng lc vn chuyn vt cht dc theo trc hng
dng chy. Vt cht c th c thm vo hoc ly ra khi h thng hoc loi b bi
cc ngun bn ngoi v cc ngun bn trong nh qu trnh lng ng, qu trnh
chuyn ha sinh hc v ng vt y. Mi phn t tnh ton c xem l xo trn
hon ton.
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cng nghip - 10/2009
Nh vy, dng chy c th c quan nim nh l chui cc phn t tnh ton xo

trn hon ton, chng lin kt vi nhau bng c ch vn chuyn v khuych tn nh
ni trn. Mt nhm lin tc cc phn t ny c th c xc nh nh l mt on
sng m trong cc phn t tnh ton c cng c trng thy lc v hnh hc nh:
dc lng sng, mt ct ngang dng chy, h s nhm, hng s tc phn ng BOD,
tc lng ca to, ...
Phng trnh c bn tnh ton trong QUAL2K l o hm theo khng gian v
thi gian i vi mi thnh phn cht lng nc. Phng trnh ny bao gm nh
hng ca s lan truyn, phn tn, pha long, phn ng trao i ca cc thnh phn
vi nhau, cc ngun v s trm lng ca cc thnh phn ny.
i vi bt k thnh phn no, phng trnh tng qut c th c vit nh sau:
M
=
t
(I)
C
)
x .dx ( Ax .U .C ) .dx + ( A .dx ). dC + S
x
x
x
dt
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(V)
( Ax .Dt .
Vi:
(I)
: c trng cho s bin thin khi lng (hay lu lng) theo thi gian.
(II)
: c trng cho s khuych tn.
(III)
: c trng cho s lan truyn.
(IV)
: c trng cho s bin thin thnh phn (nng ) theo thi gian.
(V)
: c trng cho cc ngun t bn ngoi v s lng ng ca cc cht.
Trong :
M
: Khi lng
: Khong cch
: Thi gian
: Nng
Ax
: Din tch mt ct ngang
Dt
: H s phn tn
: Vn tc trung bnh
Hnh 2.3. Biu din mt on sng (n) c chia ra thnh cc phn t tnh ton
97

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc thng s u vo m hnh QUAL2K bao gm cc nhm thng s c bn sau:

c trng hnh thi, thy lc/thu vn
Hin trng cht lng nc sng
c trng h thy sinh
Cc thng s v ngun x thi
Bng 2.1. Cc thng s thu vn/thu lc
Cc thng s
n v
Lu lng dng chy (Q)
Flow rate
m3/s
cao so vi mc nc bin (H)
Elevation
p (chiu cao, chiu rng)
Weir (height, width)
Khc cong ( vn tc, chiu su)
Rating curves (velocity,

depth)
m3/s; m
98

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc thng s
n v
dc lng sng
Channel Slope
H s Manning (n)
Manning
c dc sn sng
Side Slope
Bng 2.2. Cc thng s thi tit kh hu

Cc thng s
n v
Nhit khng kh
Air temperature
Nhit im sng
Dew point temperature
Vn tc gi
Wind speed
m/s
my bao ph
Cloud cover
che ph
Shade
Cc thng s v nh sng v nhit
Light and heat
Bng 2.3. Cc thng s cht lng nc

Cc thng s
K hiu
n v
dn in
mhos
Cht rn l lng v c (SS)
mi
mgD/L
Oxy ho tan (DO)
mgO2/L
Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon (CBOD

chm)
cs
mgO2/L
Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon (CBOD

nhanh)
cf
mgO2/L
Nit hu c ho tan
no
gN/L
N NH4
na
gN/L
N NO3
nn
gN/L
99

cng nghip - 10/2009
Photpho hu c ho tan
po
gP/L
Photpho v c
pi
gP/L
Thc vt phiu sinh (phytoplankton)
ap
gA/L
Mnh vn t bo (detritus)
mo
mgD/L
Cfu/100mL
Alk
mgCaCO3/L
Tng cacbon v c
ct
mole/L
To y
ab
gD/m2
Vi khun gy bnh (pathogen)

kim
Cc thng s v bn y
Bng 2.4. Cc nhm h s
Bin s
K hiu
n v
Cc h s phn hy hu c
H s oxy ho CBOD nhanh
kdc
1/ngy
H s thy phn CBOD chm
khc
1/ngy
H s thy phn Nit hu c
khn
1/ngy
H s Nitrat ha
kna
1/ngy
H s Kh Nitrat
kdn
1/ngy
H s thy phn Photpho hu c
khp
1/ngy
H s tng trng cc i
kgp
1/ngy
H s h hp
krp
1/ngy
H s cht
kdp
1/ngy
Cgb
1/ngy
Cc h s v nit v photpho
Cc h s phiu sinh thc vt (phytoplankton)
Cc h s to y
H s tng trng cc i
100

cng nghip - 10/2009
H s h hp
krb
1/ngy
H s bi tit
keb
1/ngy
H s cht
kdb
1/ngy
H s phn hy mnh vn t bo
kdt
1/ngy
H s phn hy vi khun gy bnh
kdx
1/ngy
Bng 2.5. Cc ngun x thi

Thng s
Tn ngun thi
n v
Name
V tr ngun thi
Lu lng thi
Nhit nc thi
Location
km
Inflow
m3/s
Temperature
Cc thng s cht lng nc thi

Oxy ho tan
mgO2/L
DO
Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon chm
Slow CBOD
mgO2/L
Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon nhanh
Fast CBOD
mgO2/L
Nit hu c ho tan
Organic N
gN/L
N NH4
Ammonia N
gN/L
Nitrate + Nitrite N
gN/L
Organic P
gP/L
Inorganic P
gP/L
Phytoplankton
gA/L
Detritus
mgD/L
Pathogen Indicator
Bacteria
Cfu/100mL
N NO3, NO2
Photpho hu c ho tan
Photpho v c
Thc vt phiu sinh
Mnh vn t bo
Vi khun gy bnh
101

cng nghip - 10/2009
Thng s
n v
kim
Alkalinity
axit
pH
mgCaCO3/L
4. H S PHT THI CA MT S LOI HNH CNG NGHIP

1. H s nhim khng kh ca cc ngnh cng nghip
n v
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
tn sp
17,50
8,50
PVC: c kim sot
tn sp
1,70
0,80
Polypropylene:
khng kim sot
tn sp
1,50
0,35
tn sp
0,20
0,03
Cc ngnh cng
nghip trin khai
VOC
Khc
(kg/U) (kg/U)
Cng nghip nha

PVC:
sot
khng
Polypropylene:
kim sot
kim
Cng nghip ch bin lng thc, thc phm v nng lm sn

Ch bin tht - Khng
kim sot
tn sp
0,15
0,3
0,180
Ch bin tht - C
kim sot
tn sp
0,05
0,0
0,075
Ch bin hi sn Sy ng hi
tn sp
2,50
H2S:
0,05
Ch bin hi sn Sy la
tn sp
4,00
H2S:
0,05
Sn xut cc sn
phm bt ng cc Xy go
tn sp
2,97
102

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc ngnh cng
nghip trin khai
n v
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
Sn xut cc sn
phm bt ng cc Xy bp: phng
php kh
tn sp
6,25
Sn xut cc sn
phm bt ng cc Xy bp: phng
php t
tn sp
6,24
Sn xut tinh bt Khng kim sot
tn sp
4,00
Sn xut tinh bt C kim sot
tn sp
0,01
Sn xut malt v bia
m3 sp
0,80
Sn xut ru
m3 sp
VOC
(kg/U) (kg/U)
0,25
0,35
Cng nghip vt liu xy dng

Gch v cc sn
phm t t st sy
kh: khng kim sot
tn sp
35,00
Gch v cc sn
phm t t st sy
kh: cyclone
tn sp
9,00
Gch v cc sn
phm t t st
nghin: khng kim
sot
tn sp
38,00
Gch v cc sn
phm t t st
nghin: cyclone
tn sp
9,50
Gch v cc sn
phm t t st lu
kho: khng kim sot
tn sp
17,00
103
Khc

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc ngnh cng
nghip trin khai
n v
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
Gch v cc sn
phm t t st lu
kho: cyclone
tn sp
4,00
Xi mng: c kim
sot
tn sp
1,90
1,02
2,15
VOC
(kg/U) (kg/U)
Cng nghip bao b ch bin, in n, giy

In bng my in quay tn mc
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: khng
kim sot
712
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: c kim
sot: hp th carbon
230
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: c kim
sot: t
249
(Rotogravure) Sn
in
phm in
38
In ni bng khun tn mc
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy
chuyn
in:
khng kim sot
712
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy chuyn in: c
kim sot: hp th
carbon
285
104
Khc

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc ngnh cng
nghip trin khai
n v
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
VOC
(kg/U) (kg/U)
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy chuyn in: c
kim sot: t
285
mm (Flexography)
in
Sn phm in
38
In bn km: khng
kim sot
1480
In bn km: c kim
sot
220
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: khng
kim sot
712
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: c kim
sot: hp th carbon
230
(Rotogravure) Dy
in
chuyn in: c kim
sot: t
249
(Rotogravure) Sn
in
phm in
38
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy
chuyn
in:
khng kim sot
712
105
Khc

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc ngnh cng
nghip trin khai
n v
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
VOC
Khc
(kg/U) (kg/U)
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy chuyn in: c
kim sot: hp th
carbon
285
mm (Flexography)
in
Dy chuyn in: c
kim sot: t
285
mm (Flexography)
in
Sn phm in
38
In bn km: khng
kim sot
1480
In bn km: c kim
sot
220
Cng nghip sn xut thy tinh

Sn xut thy tinh Nung chy thy tinh
tn sp
0,7
1,7
3,1
0,1
0,1
Sn xut thy tinh Dt mng
tn sp
1,0
1,5
4,0
0,1
0,1
Sn xut thy tinh nh hnh
tn sp
8,7
2,8
4,3
0,1
0,2
Sn xut thy tinh Thnh phm
4,4
Ngun: World Health Organization. Environmental technology series. Assessment of

sources of air, water, and land pollution. A Guide to rapid source inventory techniques
and their use in formulating environmental control strategies - Part I and II
106

cng nghip - 10/2009
2. c trng nc thi ca cc ngnh cng nghip

Cc loi hnh
cng nghip
n v
Lu
lng
BOD
TSS
Tng
N
Tng
P
Khc
(U)
(m3/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
Cng nghip nha

Polyethylene
T trng thp:
khng kim sot
tn sp
2,3
2,1
Polyethylene
T trng thp:
c kim sot
tn sp
0,2
0,55
Polyethylene
T trng cao:
khng kim sot
tn sp
0,5
1,7
Polyethylene
T trng cao: c
kim sot
tn sp
0,05
0,14
Polypropylene:
khng kim sot
tn sp
1,16
Polypropylene:
c kim sot
tn sp
0,42
1,16
PVC
Emulsion:
khng kim sot
tn sp
0,1
15,5
PVC
Emulsion:
kim sot
tn sp
0,1
0,36
PVC
Suspension: c
kim sot
tn sp
0,36
0,99
PVC Bulk: c
kim sot
tn sp
0,36
0,16

107

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc loi hnh
cng nghip
n v
Lu
lng
BOD
TSS
Tng
N
Tng
P
Khc
(U)
(m3/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
0,39
0,08
Kem
tn sp
10,9
1,5
Sa c
tn sp
6,7
0,83
To
tn ngl
3,7
0,5
C rt
tn ngl
12,1
19,5
12
Nm rm
tn ngl
22,4
8,7
4,8
Khoai ty
tn ngl
10,3
18,1
15,9
Bp
tn ngl
4,5
14,4
6,7
tn ngl
18
15,3
4,4
Cng nghip bao b ch bin, in n, giy

Giy:
bo
giy
in
tn sp
190
7,5
Giy: giy ba
tn sp
200
15
30
Giy: giy
ha
tn sp
10,5
6,5
Cng nghip sn xut dc phm, m phm

Sn phm ln
men
tn sp
2050
834
279
40 Du m:
104
Sn phm tng
hp ha hc
tn sp
270
27
54,5
7,4 Du m:
4,5
Trn, pha trn
tn sp
8,3
0,2
0,14 Du m:
0,4

108

cng nghip - 10/2009
3. Thnh phn, h s pht thi cht thi rn sn xut

Cc loi hnh
cng nghip
n v
V c
Du
m
Hu
c
D phn
hy
Nguy
hi thp
Ly
nhim
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)

To
tn sp
280
C rt
tn sp
210
Cam qut
tn sp
390
Bp
tn sp
660
tn sp
270
tn sp
290
tn sp
120
Khoai ty
tn sp
330
C chua
tn sp
80
Rau
tn sp
220
Ru
tn sp
300
Bia
m3 bia
20
Cng nghip cao su

V xe
tn sp
55
Cao su loi khc
tn sp
175
Cng nghip sn xut dc phm, m phm

Dc phm
tn sp
Sn phm ln
men
tn sp
86
450
1200
Cng nghip sn xut thp cc loi
109

cng nghip - 10/2009
Cc loi hnh
cng nghip
n v
V c
Du
m
Hu
c
D phn
hy
Nguy
hi thp
Ly
nhim
(U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
(kg/U)
L h quang
qu trnh
tn sp
120
L h quang
cyclone
tn sp
12,8
L h quang
thp ra kh t
tn sp
8,7
Cn nng
tn sp
1,74
18,3

110
Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h

tng khu cng nghip - 10/2009
5. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG X L

NC THI
-
p ng tiu chun thi
Vn u t/sut u t
Thit b
Mt bng
Chi ph vn hnh
in
Ha cht
Nhn cng
Cht thi th cp nh bn nguy hi, hi kh thi v.v..
Duy tu, bo dng
Kh nng nng cp
Lu lng x l
Tiu chun x thi
111

6. MT S CU HNH X L NC THI
Cc chc
nng/yu cu
Loi cht rn l
lng
xy ha amonia
Kh Nit
Kh nitrat
Kh P bng CN
sinh hc
Kt hp kh N v
P bng CN sinh
hc
Kh N bng
phng php hal
Kh P bng ha
hc
Kh cht c
hoc mt phn
cht hu c
Kh Cht v c
tan
Kh cht hu c
bay hi
Qu trnh
Mt s cu hnh chnh
Lc
EPT, EST EST
Nitr ha sinh hc
Nitro - phi nitro ha bng
sinh hc
Cng on c lp ca qu
trnh nitro ha bng sinh
hc
Qu trnh kt hp hoc
ring bit
Nitro-Phi nitro ha v kh
P bng sinh hc
EPT, EBT, EST

EPT, EST
Air stripping Trch

Chlorine n im
Breakpoint Trao i ion
Kt ta bng mui kim loi,
kt ta bng vi
Hp th bng C hot tnh;
Bn hot tnh + than hot
tnh bt- xy ha
Kt ta ha hc; Trao i
ion; Lc RO; in ly
EST - EST + Lc EST +

Lc
Bay hi v gas stripping
EST + Nitro ha
RW, EPT RAS
RW, EPT
RW, EPT, EBT, EST RW,

EPT, EBT, EST
EST + Lc- EPT- EST+Lc
RW, EPT, EBT, EST - EST
+ Lc - EST + Lc - EST
+Lc - EST +Lc + Than
hot tnh
RW, EPT
EPT : Dng ra sau x l bc 1

EBT : Dng ra sau x l sinh hc (trc khi lng)
EST : Dng ra sau x l bc 2 (sau khi lng)
RW : Nc thi cha x l
RAS : Bn hot tnh hi lu
112

7. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC
(i tng: cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n trin khai thc hin d
n)
S:
/200
Ngy thng nm 200
I.
Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi
1. Tn ch h:
2. a ch:
..
3. S nhn khu trong gia nh : ngi
Nam: ngi
N: ngi
4. S ngi hin ang lao ng (c thu nhp): ngi
Nam: ngi
N: . ngi
5. Ngh nghip:
S ngi
- : ngi
- : ngi
- : ngi
6. Trnh hc vn:
- Sau i hc
: ngi
- i hc v trung cp
: ngi
- Cp 3 (PTTH)
: ngi
- Cp 2 (PTCS)
: ngi
- Cp 1 (TH)
: ngi
- Khng i hc/Cha i hc/Khng bit : ngi
7. Thu nhp bnh qun: .. ng/h gia nh/thng
8. Ngun thu nhp chnh t ngnh ngh:
- Dch v
- Cng nghip
- Nng nghip
- Ngnh ngh khc:

......................................................................
9. Ngun nc cp:
- Ging khoan
su: m
- Nc my (thy cc)
II.
Tnh hnh nm bt thng tin ca ngi dn v d n
10. Anh (Ch) bit thng tin g v d n?
113/121
Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng

khu cng nghip - 10/2009
- K hoch n b
- K hoch di di
- Nhng thng tin khc: ..
- Cha bit bt c thng tin g
Nu bit, do ai cung cp:
11. Gia nh Anh (Ch) mun bit thm thng tin v d n t:
- Ch u t d n
- UBND phng
- Hay mt n v khc:
.
12. xut ca Anh (Ch) v cch thc trao i thng tin gia Ch u t/
UBND phng/x vi cc h gia nh trong din n b v gii ta:
- Hp dn 1 ln
- Hp dn 2 ln
- Hp dn 3 ln
- Kin ngh khc:

...
III. kin v xut ca ngi dn v vic n b

13. Trong cc phng n n b, gii ta di y, gia nh Anh (Ch) s la chn
phng n no sau y:
- Di di n mt ni mi c gi tr tng ng vi ni hin ti
- Nhn tin n b v t mnh tm ch mi
- Phng n khc
xut phng n khc:

..
IV. Kh nng ti n nh cuc sng v chuyn i ngh nghip:

14. Vic di di c nh hng n cng vic hin ti ca cc thnh vin trong gia
nh Anh (Ch) khng?
C
Khng
Cha bit
Nu l do:
..
Nu cu 14 tr li l c, xin Anh (Ch) vui lng tr li tip cu 15, ri chuyn

sang cu 16.
Nu cu 14 tr li l khng, xin Anh (Ch) tr li tip cu 16 (b qua cu 15).
15. Nu c nh hng n cng vic hin ti th kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip
ca gia nh Anh (Ch) l:
C
Khng
Cha bit
Nu l do:
..
114/121

16. Theo kin ca gia nh Anh (Ch) th cn bao nhiu thi gian c th n
nh cuc sng mi:
- Di 01 thng
- T 01 03 thng
- T 03 06 thng
- Trn 06 thng
Ngoi nhng thng tin v kin trn, Anh (Ch) cn nhng mong mun hay
nguyn vng khc: .
.
Xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc ca gia nh Anh (Ch)
NGI PHNG VN
NGI C PHNG VN
115/121

8. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NUI TRNG THY SN

Tn ch h: ...............................................................................................................................
a ch: ....................................................................................................................................
I. Kinh t - x hi
1. S nhn khu trong gia nh: ........................ ngi
Nam:.............ngi
N: ............... ngi
2. S ngi hin ang lao ng: ....................... ngi
Nam:.............ngi
N: ............... ngi
3. Ngh nghip:
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
4. Trnh hc vn:
- Sau i hc:. ........................................................... ngi
- i hc v trung cp: .............................................. ngi
- Cp 3 (PTTH): ....................................................... ngi
- Cp 2 (PTCS): ....................................................... ngi
- Cp 1 (TH): ............................................................. ngi
- Khng i hc/Cha i hc/ Khng bit:.ngi
5. Thu nhp
- Thu nhp: ..................................................................... ng/ngi/thng.
- Ngun thu nhp chnh t: ...........................................
II. i sng sinh hot
6. Ngun cung cp nc sinh hot: .................................................................................
7. Ni din ra i sng sinh hot (tm ra, git gi, nu n.) ......................................
..........................................................................................................................................
8. Ngun tip nhn nc thi sinh hot:...........................................................................
9. Cht thi rn sinh hot:
- Khi lng : ..............................................................................................................
- Thu gom v x l: ...................................................................................................
116/121

III. Nui trng thy sn

10. Cc loi, s lng v thi v nui trng thy sn:
Loi
Thi v nui
S lng
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
11. Din tch nui trng thy sn:
- Tng din tch khu vc nui :...................................................................................
- S khu vc nui: ......................................................................................................
12. Nc cp cho nui trng thy sn:
- Ngun cp nc :......................................................................................................
- Lng s dng: ........................................................................................................
13. Thc n:
- Ngun thc n : .......................................................................................................
- Loi thc n: ............................................................................................................
- S ln cho n: .................................... ln/ngy
- S lng cho n: ................................ kg/ngy (hay tn/ngy)
14. Anh (ch) c thay i trong chng loi thy sn m anh ch nui trong thi
gian gn y khng? Nu c th thay i nh th no vo thi gian no?
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
15. Cc loi khng sinh v thuc m anh (ch) s dng tr bnh cho cc loi
thy sn
Loi thuc
Thi gian s dng
S lng/ln
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
- ................................................... : ...................................... ....................................
16. Anh (ch) cho bit nng sut v cht lng thy sn trong nhng nn gn y
nh th no?
- Nng sut:
Tng
Gim
Khng thay i
Khng bit
117/121

Nguyn nhn:
- Cht lng:
Tng
Gim
Khng thay i
Khng bit
Nguyn nhn:
17. Tnh hnh bnh tt trong nhng nm gn y:

Anh ch c nhn thy nhng nm gn y tnh hnh dch bnh thy sn c chiu
hng pht trin nh th no?
Tng
Gim
Khng thay i
Khng bit
Nguyn nhn:
C bnh tt g mi hay khng?

C
Khng
Khng bit
Nguyn nhn:
18. Trong tng lai, anh (ch) c d tnh g v

Tng s lng thy sn ang nui
Nui loi mi
Thay i cch thc nui
Chuyn sang lm ngh khc

.
Khc..
NGI PHNG VN
NGI C PHNG VN
118/121

9. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NH BT THY SN

Tn ch h: ...............................................................................................................................
a ch: ....................................................................................................................................
I. Kinh t - x hi
1. S nhn khu trong gia nh: ........................ ngi
Nam:.............ngi
N: ............... ngi
2. S ngi hin ang lao ng: ....................... ngi

Nam:.............ngi
N: ............... ngi
3. Ngh nghip:
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
- ........................................................ : ...................... ngi
4. Trnh hc vn:
- Sau i hc:. ........................................................... ngi
- i hc v trung cp: .............................................. ngi
- Cp 3 (PTTH): ....................................................... ngi
- Cp 2 (PTCS): ....................................................... ngi
- Cp 1 (TH): ............................................................. ngi
- Khng i hc/Cha i hc/ Khng bit:.ngi
5. Thu nhp
- Thu nhp: ..................................................................... ng/ngi/thng.
- Ngun thu nhp chnh t: ...........................................
119/121

II. nh bt thy sn
6. Phng tin nh bt: ..................................................................................................
7. Ng trng nh bt: ...................................................................................................
8. S lng v thi gian nh bt thy sn:
Thi gian nh bt
S lng (tn/ln)
- ............................................. : .......................................................
- ............................................. : .......................................................
- ............................................. : .......................................................
9. Anh (ch) cho bit nng sut thy sn trong nhng nm gn y nh th no?
- Nng sut:
Tng
Gim
Khng thay i
Khng bit
Nguyn nhn:
10. Trong tng lai, anh (ch) c d tnh g v

Tip tc nh bt
Chuyn sang lm ngh khc
Khc..
NGI PHNG VN
NGI C PHNG VN
120/121

Huong Dan DTM KCN

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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ......................... 41

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

6.2. LY KIN CA CHNH QUYN CP X V CC VN MI

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

10. Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

2. Phng php k tha: k tha cc kt qu nghin cu TM ca cc d n pht

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Quy trnh TM bao gm cc bc:

Xc nh nhm cng ng lin quan / quan tm n qu trnh TM d n: ch

Xc nh phm vi: xc nh cc vn mi trng lin quan v phm vi nghin

Lp bo co TM trnh np B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc UBND tnh /

Thm nh v ph duyt bo co TM;

Cc hot ng tun th vi quyt nh ph duyt TM trong qu trnh thc

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

8. Kin ngh v kt lun

Nhm chuyn gia t vn thc hin TM (gip ch d n tin hnh TM v lp

C quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp Trung ng/a phng

Cc thnh vin Hi ng thm nh bo co TM;

Cc i tng khc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n.

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t

Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa

Ghi r din tch

Tn ch d n: tn c ng k ti Vit Nam, vit bng ch in hoa

a ch lin h: vn phng ti Vit Nam

in thoi: s in thoi ti Vit Nam

Fax: s fax ti Vit Nam

i din: tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n

Quc tch: ghi r quc tch ngi i din

Chc v: ghi r chc v ngi i din

Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh: c tnh khong

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Cc KCN trn a bn tnh v/hoc a phng khc nhng gn khu vc d

V tr tip gip ca d n: nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo

Hin trng khu t d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

cc doanh nghip khc hoc khng c nhum ni chung), sn xut giy

KCN c xy dng tp trung bao gm cc nh my, x nghip cho php tit

Gp phn to ra nhiu cng n vic lm thng qua cc nh my thnh vin

Thu ht vn u t trong nc v quc t do cc doanh nghip u t xy dng

To kim ngch xut khu v gp phn gia tng ng k GDP ca a phng.

Gp phn thc y pht trin cng nghip trn a bn tnh/thnh.

To ng lc thc y sn xut, thng mi, dch v v giao thng kinh t ca

1.4.3. Mt bng tng th ca d n

Lp bng quy hoch s dng t bao gm: cc hng mc (t nh my/x

Din tch (ha)

C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, ch thch tng hng mc trn bn

Nhn xt v qui hoch s dng t ca d n

b. Cc khu chc nng

M t c cu khng gian KCN theo tng hng mc nh trn bng s dng t.

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu

Mi hng mc phi th hin r: v tr d kin xy dng, din tch, quy cch xy

1.4.4. H tng k thut ca d n

Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du)

Cao nn t thit k theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du)

b. H thng giao thng