Mc lc

.........................................................................................................................................................1
Mc lc............................................................................................................................................2
BI 1: LM QUEN VI MI TRNG LM VIC V CC THNH PHN C BN
CA MS EXCEL............................................................................................................................5
1. Lm quen vi Ms Excel...........................................................................................................5
1.1 Khi ng Ms Excel..........................................................................................................5
1.2 Cc thnh phn trn ca s Ms Excel................................................................................6
1.3 ngha mt s biu tng trn cc thanh cng c thng dng......................................7
2. Cc khi nim c bn trong Excel...........................................................................................8
2.1 Cu trc bng tnh ca Excel.............................................................................................8
2.2 Cc kiu d liu...............................................................................................................10
2.3 Cc ton t trong cng thc ............................................................................................12
2.4 Hm s: ...........................................................................................................................13
1. Cc thao tc chnh vi d liu...............................................................................................15
1.1 Nhp, chnh sa v xa d liu........................................................................................15
1.2 Sao chp, di chuyn d liu.............................................................................................23
2. Cc thao tc chnh vi , hng, ct: ......................................................................................25
2.1 Thay i kch thc hng/ct..........................................................................................25
2.2 Chn thm hng/ct, .....................................................................................................25
2.3 Xo hng/ct, ................................................................................................................26
2.4 Chuyn hng thnh ct v ngc li................................................................................26
2.5 n hoc hin hng/ct.....................................................................................................27
2.6 C nh tiu hng ct .................................................................................................28
3. Mt s thao tc nng cao vi ..............................................................................................28
3.1 t tn cho ...................................................................................................................28
3.2 Ghi ch cho ..................................................................................................................31
3.3 Bo v ..........................................................................................................................32
4. Cc thao tc vi trang bng tnh............................................................................................32
4.1 Chn mt trang vo bng tnh..........................................................................................32
4.2. Xo mt bng tnh ..........................................................................................................33
4.3 i tn bng tnh .............................................................................................................33
4.4 Sao chp / di chuyn mt bng tnh ................................................................................34
4.5 Tch bng tnh ................................................................................................................35
4.6 n v hin li mt bng tnh ...........................................................................................35
4.7 Bo v bng tnh .............................................................................................................36
BI 3: CC K THUT NH DNG TRANG BNG TNH ................................................37
1. nh dng d liu trong ......................................................................................................37
1.1 nh dng d liu theo kiu s........................................................................................37
1.2 nh dng d liu kiu ngy thng: ................................................................................39
1.3 nh dng d liu kiu text..............................................................................................40
2. nh dng cha vn bn.....................................................................................................41
2.1 nh dng k t .............................................................................................................41
2.2 Cn bin (dng hng) ......................................................................................................43
2.3 K khung .........................................................................................................................45
2

2.4 T mu nn......................................................................................................................46
2.5 nh dng t ng ..........................................................................................................46
1. Khi nim v hm s, qui tc s dng hm s......................................................................47
1.1 Khi nim v hm s: .....................................................................................................47
1.2 Qui tc s dng hm s: .................................................................................................47
2. Nhp hm s vo bng tnh....................................................................................................47
2.1 Nhp d liu t bn phm................................................................................................48
2.2 S dng biu tng Function Wizard hoc thc n Insert............................................48
3. Gii thiu mt s hm thng dng......................................................................................49
3.1 Hm ngy thng ..............................................................................................................49
3.2. Hm x l chui (k t)..................................................................................................50
3.3 Hm ton hc ..................................................................................................................52
3.4. Hm Logic .....................................................................................................................55
3.5. Hm thng k..................................................................................................................56
3.6. Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu.......................................................................................61
3.7. Cc hm ti chnh:..........................................................................................................63
BI 5: QUN TR D LIU.......................................................................................................67
1. Khi nim c bn v c s d liu........................................................................................67
2. To c s d liu trong Excel................................................................................................67
2.1 Nguyn tc to c s d liu...........................................................................................67
2.2 Cc cch nhp d liu......................................................................................................68
3. Cc thao tc chnh trn c s d liu.....................................................................................72
3.1 Sp xp c s d liu: .....................................................................................................72
3.2 Lc d liu: .....................................................................................................................74
3.3 Thng k d liu: ............................................................................................................80
1. Cc bc to biu : ...........................................................................................................88
1.1 To biu s dng phm chc nng F11......................................................................88
1.2 To biu s dng tnh nng Chart Wizard trn thanh toolbar....................................88
2. Hiu chnh biu .................................................................................................................92
2.1 Chnh sa cc i tng ................................................................................................92
2.2 nh dng biu ............................................................................................................95
3. Thay i mu, mu, cc ng, cc ch t v cc ng bin trong biu : ................96
BI 7: TRNH BY TRANG TRONG IN N............................................................................99
1. nh dng trang in: ...............................................................................................................99
1.1 nh c giy in v hng in............................................................................................99
1.2 Thay i l trang in..........................................................................................................99
1.3 To tiu u / cui trang ..........................................................................................101
1.4 Chn / xo du ngt trang .............................................................................................103
1.5. Thit lp ch in li dng tiu khi sang trang in mi...........................................104
1.6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh .............................................................................105
2. In n....................................................................................................................................105
2.1 t cc la chn in n....................................................................................................105
2.2 In ring biu / th...................................................................................................106
BI 8: MT S BI TON PHN TCH KINH T VI M HNH NG........................107
1. Phn tch nhy mt chiu: ..............................................................................................107
2. Phn tch nhy hai chiu: ...............................................................................................108
3. Scenario: .............................................................................................................................108
4. Goal Seek: ...........................................................................................................................110
3

5. Solver: .................................................................................................................................111

BI 1: LM QUEN VI MI TRNG LM VIC V CC THNH

PHN C BN CA MS EXCEL
1. Lm quen vi Ms Excel
Ms Excel l mt cng c tr gip c lc trong hot ng k ton, phn tch thng k ti
chnh v cc tc nghip khc c lin quan n cc s liu ton hc. N cho php lp mt
c s d liu n gin v thc hin cc phn tch tnh ton trn mt cch nhanh chng
v chnh xc trn c s phn tch v t duy logic. Ngoi ra, Ms Excel cn c nhiu cc
tnh nng b sung khc nh lp cc biu , th minh ha s liu, biu mu phn tch
. l nhng phn minh ha khng th thiu trong cc phn tch thng k kt ton ti
chnh
1.1 Khi ng Ms Excel
Khi my tnh c ci t b chng trnh Microsoft Office 2003, ta c th khi ng
chng trnh Ms Excel t cc cch sau
Kch chut chn Start Program Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Excel
2003

Hnh 1.1: Mn hnh khi ng MS Excel

Nu c biu tng Ms Excel trn mn hnh Desktop, kch p chut vo biu

tng khi ng chng trnh
5

Hnh 1.2 : Biu tng Ms Excel 2003 trn mn hnh desktop

1.2 Cc thnh phn trn ca s Ms Excel

Ca s Microsoft Excel khi c m nh hnh sau:
Thanh tiu
Thanh thc n
Thanh cng c
Thanh nh dng
Thanh cng thc

Trang bng tnh

Thanh cun dc, ngang

Thanh trng thi

Hnh 1.3: Mn hnh MS Excel

Thanh tiu (Title bar): Cho ngi s dng bit tn tp tin hin ti trn bng
tnh. Khi mi khi ng Excel ti y ghi Microsoft Excel - Book1, khi ta t tn
cho bng tnh, tn ny km theo phn m rng . XLS s thay th t Book1.
Thanh thc n (Menu Bar): Cha cc nhm lnh ca Microsoft Excel.
Thanh cng c (Tool Bar) : Cha mt s biu tng (Icon) th hin mt s lnh
thng dng nh ng, m, ghi File .. Ta c th chn cc biu tng ny bng cch
a chut (Mouse) ti biu tng cn chn v bm chut
Thanh nh dng (Formating bar): Cha cc biu tng th hin cc lnh lin quan
n nh dng d liu trong trang

 Thanh Cng thc (Formula Bar) : l dng th nm ca mn hnh, hin th ta

(a ch hoc tn) , ni dung d liu trong hin ti
c khung vin chung quanh) .

Thanh Trng thi (Status bar): l dng cui cng hin th cc ch hot ng ca
Excel:
+ Ready: ang sn sng lm vic
+ Enter: ang nhp d liu hay cng thc
+ Pointer: ang ghi cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch
+ Edit: ang iu chnh d liu hay cng thc trong hin ti
Thanh th tn bng tnh (Sheet tabs): l dng ngay trn thanh Trng thi, hin th
tn ca cc bng tnh (khi chng cha c t tn, ti y ghi Sheet1, Sheet2, ...,
Sheet16). Bn tri l cc nt chuyn ti cc bng tnh.
Thanh cun Dc (Vertical scroll bar), Thanh cun Ngang (Horizontal scroll bar):
dng di chuyn trong bng tnh theo chiu dc hoc chiu ngang
Ca s Bng tnh (Worksheet Window) chim phn ln mn hnh, dng nhp
d liu, tnh ton, v th,
1.3 ngha mt s biu tng trn cc thanh cng c thng dng
* ngha mt s biu tng trn thanh cng c chun (Standard)

* ngha mt s biu tng trn thanh nh dng (Formatting)

Font Color: Mu ch
Color: Mu nn
Boders: ng vin
Decrease Decimal: Gim i mt s thp phn
Increase Decimal: Tng thm mt s thp phn

Comma Style: Du tch nghn, triu, t

Percent Style: Nhn vi 100 v in du %
Currency Style: in du tin t
Center Across Columns: Cn vo gia ca nhiu

* ngha cc thnh phn ca thanh cng thc (Formular)

Hp tn (a ch) hin ti

Ni dung hin ti

Nt gi hm
Nt hu ni dung va g Nt in ni dung va g

2. Cc khi nim c bn trong Excel

2.1 Cu trc bng tnh ca Excel
Bng tnh (Sheet): Trong hnh 1.3, ta c mt trang bng tnh trng sau khi khi
ng Excel. Nh vy, mt bng tnh gm nhiu , c th c trn 4 triu , mi
cha mt d liu nh mt n v nh nht. C th nhp d liu hoc tnh ton i
vi d liu trong cc .

S bng tnh (Workbook): Nhiu bng tnh to thnh mt s bng tnh. Mt s

bng tnh c th gm t 1 n 255 bng tnh (sheet) ring bit. Trong hnh 1.3 trn
ta c mt s bng tnh trng va c to ra gm 3 bng tnh, c t tn mc
nh ln lt l sheet1, sheet2, sheet3. C th t tn cho cc bng tnh ny bng
cch: nhn p chut vo th tn bng ri g tn mi. Hoc c th nhn phi chut
8

 xut hin bng chn nng, chn rename ri g tn mi. Mt s bng tnh c
ghi thnh mt tp (file). Theo mc nh c tn phn m rng l *. XLS
Di y xin gii thiu mt s cc thao tc c bn vi workbook
* To tp Excel mi
- Nhn chut ti biu tng mi

, hoc chn File/New/OK.

* Ghi tp ang son tho ln a

- Nhn chut ti biu tng a mm
, hoc chn File/Save . Khi nu cha c tn
tp th g vo tn tp ti: File Name, ri nhn nt Save (tn tp khng cn vo phn ui
v s c Excel t gn ui l .XLS). C th i li a v th mc s lu tp vn bn
ti mc: Save in.
- Nu vn bn c tn, sau khi sa ta mun ghi sang tp khc, gi nguyn ni dung ca
vn bn c, ta chn File/Save as.... Sau , tt c cc thao tc cn li c thc hin nh
Save bnh thng.
* M tp Excel c trn a
- Nhn chut ti biu tng m
m ri nhn OK.

, hoc chn File/Open, ri nhn chut ti tn tp cn

- Excel cho php ngi s dng c th m nhiu tp ti mt thi im, tt nhin l tp

no m cui cng s c hin th ca s hin ti. Nu ta mun chuyn sang tp khc,
chn Windows, chn tp mun m.
* ng tp ang m
Chn File/Close, nu tp ny c sa i ni dung th my s hi bn c ghi li
khng? Nu bn chn Yes th my s ghi li tp vi nhng ni dung sa i ri ng tp,
nu chn No th my s lu li tp vi ni dung trc khi i v ng tp, cn chn
Cancel th s tr li mn hnh son tho.

Ct (Column): L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu dc c nh th

t bng ch ci (t tri sang phi bt u t A, B, C, ... AA, AB n IV, tng
s c 256 ct). Ngoi cng bn tri l nt chn (nh du khi) ton b bng
tnh.

Hng (Row): L tp hp cc trong bng tnh theo chiu ngang c nh th

t bng s t 1 n 16.384.
9

(Cell): L giao ca mt ct v mt hng. a ch ca c xc nh bng

ct trc, hng sau, v d C4, AB25.

Vng (Domain): L mt tp hp nhng k cn nhau to thnh mt hnh ch

nht. Mt vng c xc nh bi ta u (gc bn tri) v ta cui
(gc di phi).

hin ti: L c khung vin xung quanh vi mt chm vung nh gc

phi di (Mc in) hay cn gi l Con tr (sau y gi tt l con tr). Ta
ca ny c hin th trn thanh Cng thc.

Con tr bn phm: L vch ng | nhp nhy biu th v tr k t s c

chn vo.

Con tr chut c cc dng sau:

+ Du |: dng a con tr v v tr no .
+ Du

: dng chn lnh, biu tng hoc cun bng tnh.

Dch chuyn con tr trong bng tnh

Thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
- Tr chut vo cn chuyn ti.
- n cc phm mi tn: chuyn ti cc hng, ct ln cn
Page Up, Page Down: ln hoc xung mt mn hnh
Home: V A1
Tab: Sang phi mt mn hnh
Shift + Tab: Sang tri mt mn hnh
End + Home: n cui cng ca bng tnh
- n t hp phm F5 + a ch + phm Enter: cho php v nhanh . V d v
nhanh H22, ta n t hp phm: F5 + g H22 + phm Enter.
Ch : Cc thao tc c du ch thc hin c khi chn lnh Tools Option
Transition, in du
tu chn Transition Navigation Keys.
2.2 Cc kiu d liu
Bng tnh Excel c qui nh cc kiu d liu khc nhau phc v cho vic tnh ton mt
cch chnh xc theo nguyn tc cn bn l mi ch cha mt kiu d liu duy nht.
Cc kiu d liu chnh bao gm:
10

2.2.1 Dng chui (Text)

- Bt u bi cc ch ci a n z hoc A n Z
- Nhng d liu chui dng s nh: s in thoi, s nh, m s, v.v... khi nhp vo
phi bt u bng du nhy n () v khng c gi tr tnh ton.
- Theo mc nh, d liu dng chui c cn sang l tri .
2.2.2 Dng s (Number)
Bt u bi :
- Cc s t 0 n 9.
- Cc du +, - , (, *, $ (hoc mt du n v tin khc tu thuc vo vic t cc
thng s quc t ca Windows).
- Theo mc nh, d liu dng s c cn sang l phi .
2.2.3 Dng cng thc (Formulas)
Bt u bi cc du = hoc du +. Sau khi n phm Enter cng thc nhp vo ch
th hin trn thanh cng thc cn kt qu ca n c th hin trong .
Nu thy :
##### :
#DIV/0! :
#NAME? :
#N/A :
#VALUE! :

Nguyn nhn :
Ct qu hp
Chia cho 0
Thc hin php tnh vi mt bin khng xc nh
(Tn khng gn vi mt vng no c)
Tham chiu n mt rng hoc khng c trong danh sch
Sai v kiu ton hng
(v d ly s chia cho k t chui hoc ngy thng

2.2.4. Dng Ngy (Date), Gi (Time)

Trong cch trnh by di y: DD l 2 con s ch Ngy; MM l 2 con s ch Thng;
YY l 2 con s ch Nm
Nhp theo dng MM/DD/YY hoc DD/MM/YY tu thuc vo vic t cc thng s
quc t ca Windows. V d nu t thng s quc t kiu Php, ta g vo 27/09/04,
trng hp dng kiu M (ngm nh) ta g vo 09/27/04. Khi nhp sai dng thc, Excel
t ng chuyn sang dng chui (cn sang tri ) v ta khng th dng d liu kiu ny
tnh ton.
C th nhp ngy bng cch :
Nhp hm =DATE(YY,MM,DD), y l cch nhp ngy tt nht.

11

 Sau Nhp chn thc n Format Cells Number hoc Date, chn dng
th hin ngy khung bn phi.
c bit :
- n t hp phm Ctrl + ; (du chm phy): cho Ngy h thng
- n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift + ; (du chm phy): cho Gi h thng
Theo mc nh, d liu dng ngy thng c cn sang phi .
2.3 Cc ton t trong cng thc
Cc tnh ton trong Excel c thc hin trn c s cc ton t (tc l cc php tnh
ton). C 3 dng ton t chnh:
2.3.1 Ton t s
+ cng
- tr
*

nhn

chia

(v = 10*50
d

Cho kt qu

Cho kt
qu
Cho kt
= 5^2
qu
= 50%*600
Cho
kt qu
= 126/3

lu tha

% phn trm

500

42
25
300)

Th t u tin ca cc php ton nh sau: lu tha trc ri n nhn chia v sau

cng mi n cng tr. Cc php ton cng mc u tin (nh nhn chia hoc cng tr)
thc hin t tri sang phi. Mun thay i th t u tin, dng cc cp ngoc trn, ton
t trong cp ngoc su nht s c thc hin trc. V d: cc A1, B1, C1 cha cc
s 2, 3, 4, nu trong D1 g =A1+B1*C1 s c kt qu 14, g =(A1+B1)*C1 s c
kt qu 20.
2.3.2 Ton t chui
Ton t &: Ni chui
V d: =Tin &hc, c kt qu l chui Tin hc
2.3.3 Ton t so snh
Ton t

ngha

>

ln hn

>=

ln hn hoc bng

<

nh hn
12

<=

nh hn hoc bng

<>

khc

Cc ton t so snh cho kt qu l True (ng) hoc False (Sai). V d, trong A1

ang c s 26, B1 c s -125. Nu ti C1 g cng thc:
= A1>B1 s nhn c kt qu TRUE
= A1<=B1 s nhn c kt qu FALSE
2.4 Hm s:
Hm (Function) c xem nh l cc cng thc nh sn nhm thc hin cc tnh
ton chuyn bit. Trn thc hin hm s cho mt gi tr hoc mt thng bo li. Excel
c trn 300 hm v c phn loi thnh tng nhm bao gm:

Hnh 1.4: Bng hm s

Nhm cc hm v ti chnh

Nhm cc hm v ngy thng

Nhm cc hm v ton hc

Nhm cc hm v thng k

Nhm cc hm v tm kim v tham chiu

Nhm cc hm lin quan n c s d liu

Nhm cc hm lin quan n d liu chui

Nhm cc hm logc
13

Nhm cc hm tin hc

Chng ta s tm hiu k v hm s trong bi tip theo

14

BI 2: SON THO NI DUNG D LIU TRONG TRANG BNG TNH

1. Cc thao tc chnh vi d liu
1.1 Nhp, chnh sa v xa d liu
1.1.1 Nhp d liu
D liu ca mt bng tnh sau khi nhp s c Excel t ng phn loi v mt
trong cc kiu d liu
- Kiu s
- Kiu vn bn
- Kiu logic
- Kiu m li (error)
a, Nhp d liu bt k
Cch nhp d liu thng thng nh sau:
- a con tr v cn thit.
- Nhp d liu theo loi dng thc.
- kt thc vic nhp d liu, lm theo mt trong cc cch sau:
+ n phm Enter, con tr s xung dui.
+ n mt phm mi tn a con tr sang cn thit, v d n phm
con tr sang bn phi.

s a

Gi s cn nhp 2 ct:
Dng 200
Vn

300

Khoa 150
Tun 180
H

250

vo cc A1: B5. Ta lm theo cc bc sau:

- nh du khi min A1:B5
- nhp theo tng hng, n phm Tab sau mi ln g d liu vo mt .
- nhp theo tng ct, n phm Enter sau mi ln g d liu vo mt .
Hng dch chuyn ca nhp d liu khi n phm Tab hoc phm Enter (minh ha
nh hnh 2.1):
15

Hnh 2.1: Thao tc nhp s liu

* Lu
- Khi nhp d liu kiu s
+ Mun nhp s m, nh du - trc s hoc nhp s vo gia cp ngoc n ( ).
Nu mun nhp s c phn thp phn, s dng du . (vi h o ca Anh M) hoc
du ; vi h o ca Php) ngn cch vi phn nguyn.
+ D liu ngy thng cng c coi l kiu d liu s. Kiu nhp d liu c h iu
hnh qui nh trong mc Regional Setting t trong ca s Control Panel ca h iu
hnh
+ Excel t ng iu chnh s hin th ht d liu trong mt . Nhng nu mt c
nh rng lm cho d liu s khng th hin c ht th chng ta s nhn thy dng
thng bo #######
- Khi nhp d liu kiu chui
+ Khi s k t nhp vc qu di v bn phi cn trng th Excel tip tc hiu th
phn k t cn li ca sang bn phi
+ Khi s k t nhp vc qu di v bn phi c d liu th Excel che du cc
k t vt qu . iu khng lm thay i gi tr d liu nhp ca
+ nhp chui k t s kiu vn bn (v d nhp s chng minh nhn dn ca mt
ngi), ta nhp k t u tin l k t p kiu gm: k t nhy n , k t nhy kp ,
k t th hai l mt du trng, v tip theo l dy s. Sau khi nhp, d liu ca khng
cn cha k t p kiu
V d: nhp dy s 123456 theo kiu k t chui ta s nhp 123456, V kt qu l:

16

D liu kiu ch

D liu kiu s

Hnh 2.2: Cch nhp d liu kiu vn bn

b. D liu trong cc ging nhau

- nh du khi min cn in d liu (v d A1:B5)
- G vo d liu (v d s 2000)
- Kt thc vic nhp bng cch n t hp phm Ctrl + Enter. Kt qu l: min
A1:B5 s c in kn bi s 2000.

Hnh 2.3: Cch nhp d liu trong cc ging nhau

c. D liu trong cc tun theo mt quy lut

Chui s vi bc nhy l 1
- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d nh s th t cho
mt s bt u t 1, ta g 1.
- Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, n phm Ctrl trong khi ko
v th chut ti cui ca min (t y v sau ta gi thao tc ny l in t ng
(AutoFill). Kt qu ta c chui s 1, 2, 3, ...
Chui s vi bc nhy bt k:
- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d c chui s chn ta
g 2 vo mt no .
- V di (hoc bn phi) ca min, g vo s tip theo, v d 4.
- nh du khi 2 ny, tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, ko
v th chut ti cui ca min.
17

Ko du + v th ti A7, ta s c chui s 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 ti min A1:A7.

(Hnh 2.2)

Hnh 2.4: Cch nhp d liu chui s vo cc theo bc nhy bt k

in d liu theo cp s nhn

T dy mt s s liu xut pht, Excel s t ng phn tch v nhn thm mt tha
s c cc gi tr tip theo
V d:
Dy cho trc Tha s

Dy pht trin cp s nhn

1, 2

4, 8, 16

1, 3

9, 27, 81

2, 3

1,5

4,5 , 6,75 , 10,125

Thao tc
- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo s bt u, v d s 1
- V di (hoc bn phi) ca min, g vo s tip theo, v d 3 (tha s l 3)
- nh du khi 2 ny, nhp chut phi vo v tr gc di phi, ko v th. Khi
th nt chut phi, bng phm nng xut hin. Nhn vo Growth Trend

18

Hnh 2.5: Cch in d liu s theo cp s nhn

Chui Ngy thng tng

- a con tr v u tin ca min, g vo ngy thng nm bt u.
- Tr chut vo mc in cho xut hin du + mu en, kch v gi phi chut, ko
th ti cui min.
- Trong thc n tt chn:
Fill Days:
tng 1 ngy (V d : 15/04/1999, 16/04/1999, 17/04/1999)
Fill Months: tng 1 thng (V d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/1999, 15/06/1999)
Fill Years: tng 1 nm (V d : 15/04/1999, 15/05/2000, 15/06/2001)

19

Hnh 2.6: Cch in d liu ngy thng theo chui tng dn

in mt danh sch t to
Nu danh sch ny cha c th phi to bng cch:
- Nhp chn thc n Tools Option Custom Lists
- Trong khung List Entries ln lt nhp cc gi tr cho danh sch, ht mi gi tr n
phm Enter ( ) xung dng. V d: Th Hai , Th Ba . Cui cng ta c kt
qu nh hnh 2.3

Hnh 2.7: Nhp gi tr vo mt danh sch t to

- Kch chut vo nt Add, sau kch chut vo OK hon thnh.

s dng:
- Nhp mt gi tr c trong danh sch t to vo u
- t chut vo sao cho con chut xut hin hnh +. in t ng ti cui
min.

Hnh 2.8: in t ng gi tr t danh sch t to vo cc

20

d. D liu kiu cng thc

- Phi bt u bi du = hoc cc du +, -
- Khi cn ly s liu no kch chut vo hoc g vo a ch
V d: tnh Lng theo cng thc: Lng = S NC x Tin 1 Ngy, lm theo cc
bc sau:
- Chn min E2:E7 (v cng thc tnh trong min ging nhau: u ly s ct C
nhn vi s ct D - xem phn b. trn)
- G vo du =
- Tr chut vo C2 hoc g C2
- G du *
- Tr chut vo D2 hoc g D2. Ti E2 v thanh cng thc xut hin = C2*D2
- n t hp phm Ctrl + Enter. Ti cc t E2 n E7, Excel cho kt qu tnh
Lng ca tng ngi.
Ta cng c th lm nh sau:
- B qua bc 1
- Thc hin cc bc t 2 n 5, sau bc 5 chn nt
n phm Enter)

trn thanh cng thc (hoc

- tnh Lng cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v E2, in t ng cho ti

E7.

Hnh 2.9: Tnh bng lng

Tnh t l phn trm Lng ca tng ngi so vi Tng Lng:

- a con tr v F2;

21

- G vo du =, dng chut chn E2 (hoc g E2), g du /, kch chut vo E8

(hoc g E8). Chn nt
trn thanh cng thc (hoc n phm Enter);
- tnh T l cho nhng ngi cn li, a con tr v F2, sao chp cng thc tnh
bng cch in t ng cho ti F7.
Ti cc F3:F7 xut hin #DIV/0! (chia cho 0). Khi a con tr v F3, ta thy trn
thanh cng thc ghi = E3/E9, Excel ly s bn tri (E3) chia cho s cch 6
(E9), ... tc l s dng a ch tng i. bo cho Excel ly ln lt cc s t E2
n E7 chia cho s c nh E8 ( ny l a ch tuyt i), ta lm nh sau:
- a con tr v E2, kch p chut, sau a con tr bn phm v ngay trc k
hiu E8, n phm F4, du $ c in vo trc v gia k hiu , n phm Enter ri
sao chp (copy) cng thc ny xung E7.
- nh du khi cc t E2 n E7 (xem phn 5a di y), chn biu tng %
(Percent Style) trn thanh nh dng, Excel i ra dng phn trm v in du % cho cc
s. ly chnh xc hn, ta chn cc ny ri chn biu tng Increase Decimal, mi
ln kch chut vo biu tng ny, cc con s li c thm mt s thp phn.
Tnh Tng Lng v ghi vo E8
- a con tr v E8;
- G vo du =, kch p chut vo biu tng
g vo cng thc =SUM(E2:E7).

(AutoSum). Nu dng bn phm,

e. Cng thc mng

Ngoi vic sao chp cng thc tng i nh trn, Excel cn cung cp mt phng
tin khc tin dng hn, l mng (array).
Mng c dng khi ta gp phi mt lng tnh ton nhiu v phc tp trn mt v
tr nh hp, hoc dng thay th cc cng thc cn lp li nhiu ln, mng gip tit
kim c b nh (thay v phi c 100 cng thc sao chp vo 100 , ch cn mt cng
thc mng l ).
Nhp mt cng thc mng (array formula):
V cn thit, nu l dy , phi nh du khi chng. v d trn bi en min
E2:E7.
Khc vi loi cng thc tng i (trong v d trn l = C2*D2), y phi nhp
ton b dy : =C2:C7*D2:D7.
Kt thc n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift + Enter (gi ng thi hai phm Ctrl v
Shift trong khi n phm Enter). Excel s bao cng thc mng ny trong cp ngoc nhn:
{=C2:C7*D2:D7)]}
22

Sa mt cng thc mng

V bt k p dng cng thc mng cn sa;
Kch chut ln thanh cng thc. Cc du ngoc { } bin mt;
Tin hnh sa cng thc. Sa xong n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Ch nh (bi en) mt dy mng
Cch 1: n t hp phm Ctrl + / (gi phm Ctrl trong khi n phm s cho xui)
Cch 2: n phm F5, chn Special sau chn Current Array.
1.1.2 Chnh sa, xo d liu
a. Xo
- a con tr v hoc chn min cn thit;
- Nhp chn thc n Edit Clear Contents hoc nhn phm Delete.
b. Sa: Lm theo mt trong hai cch sau
- Kch p chut ti (hoc n phm F2), ni dung ca xut hin ti v ti
thanh cng thc, a con tr bn phm v ch cn thit v sa. Ta nn kch chut ti
thanh cng thc v sa ti , sa xong chn k hiu
phm Enter) ghi li, chn
sa i.

trn thanh cng thc (hoc n

trn thanh cng c (hoc n phm Esc) hu b mi

- Nhp d liu mi cho , sau n phm Enter.

1.2 Sao chp, di chuyn d liu
thc hin cc thao tc trn ta c th s dng cc lnh Copy, Cut, Paste trn thanh
cng c Standard hoc trong thc n lnh Edit

Hnh 2.10: Thc n Edit

Hoc trong hp chn lnh xut hin khi nhn chut phi vo cc i tng
23

Hnh 2.11: Hp lnh xut hin khi nhn phi chut

1.2.1 Sao chp cc d liu

- Chn cn sao chp
- Nhn nt Copy hoc bm t hp Ctrl+C sao chp
- Nhn nt Paste hoc bm t hp Ctrl+V dn ni dung bao gm c nh dng
Thao tc sao chp mt d liu trong Excel khng ch bao gm sao chp ni dung v
nh dng, ta cn c th la chn sao chp ring ni dung, nh dng, gi tr .bng cch
chn lnh Paste Special trong thc n Edit
Khi chn Paste Special, bng la chn hin ra, chng ta s nh du chn phn cn sao
chp trn bng

Hnh 2.12: Hp lnh Paste Special

1.2.2 Di chuyn d liu

- Chn cn di chuyn
- Nhn nt Cut hoc bm t hp Ctrl+X to nh ca
- Chuyn con tr n gc trn bn tri cng d nh t
- Nhn nt Paste hoc bm t hp phm Ctrl+V dn
24

2. Cc thao tc chnh vi , hng, ct:

2.1 Thay i kch thc hng/ct
- thay i rng ca hng/ct, ta a chut ti ranh gii a ch gia hai
hng/ct cho n khi no hin ra hai du mi tn th ko chut ti kch thc mi.
- thay i rng hng ct theo s o chnh xc: ta chn ton b hng hoc ct,
nhn chut phi chn column width (hoc row height) hp thoi column width (row
height) hin ra, g s o vo khung ct (hng) s c iu chnh theo ng kch
thc va nhp.

Hnh 2.13: Thay i kch thc ct

- Nu mun chn c mt hng hoc mt ct th ta nhn chut ti a ch hng/ct cn

chn.
- Nu mun chn ng thi nhiu hng nhiu ct, th ta gi v ko chut trn cc a
ch hng/ct.
- Nu mun thay i ng thi kch thc ca nhiu hng/ct, th ta chn chng
trc, ri tin hnh thay i kch thc ca mt hng/ct tu trong vng chn. Khi
cc hng/ct trong vng chn s c kch thc ging nhau v bng kch thc thay i.
2.2 Chn thm hng/ct,
- Nu mun chn thm nhng hng ct v tr no th ta chn nhng v tr tr ri
chn Insert/Rows (vi chn hng) hoc Insert/Columns (vi chn ct). Khi chn thm
hng/ct th cc hng/ct t v tr chn v sau s c t ng nh li a ch.
- Nu mun chn thm nhng khi v tr no th ta chn nhng khi , ri
chn Insert/Cells. Khi s hin ra ca s gm cc mc chn c ngha nh sau:

25

y cc chn sang phi

y cc chn xung di
y c hng chn xung di
y c ct chn sang phi

Hnh 2.14: Hp thoi chn hng//ct

2.3 Xo hng/ct,
- Nu mun xo nhng hng/ct chn, ta chn Edit/Delete. Khi cc hng ct
cn li s c t ng nh li a ch.
- Nu mun xo mt khi v tr no th ta chn nhng khi , ri chn
Edit/Delete. Khi s hin ra ca s gm cc mc chn c ngha nh sau:
Chuyn cc bn phi sang vng xo
Chuyn cc bn di ln vng xo
Xo c nhng hng cha vng chn
Xo c nhng ct cha vng chn

Hnh 2.15 Hp thoi xa /hng/ct

2.4 Chuyn hng thnh ct v ngc li

- Gi s cn chuyn li ct hng ca bng sau:

Hnh 2.16: Chuyn hng thnh ct

+ Chn khi cn chuyn A2:E5

+ Nhn chut ti biu tng Copy, hoc bm Ctrl+C
26

+ Chn G2
+ Chn Edit/Paste Special, s hin ra ca s:

Hnh 2.17: Hp thoi Paste Special

+ nh du chn mc Transpose/OK
Ch : Min ngun v min chuyn khng c giao nhau.
- chuyn hng thnh ct ta cng tin hnh tng t.
2.5 n hoc hin hng/ct
- i vi nhng bng tnh ln, tin cho thao tc, ngi ta thng cho n cc hng
hoc ct khng cn quan tm. Khi no cn s cho chng hin tr li. Cch lm nh sau:
+ Chn cc hng hoc cc ct cn n.
+ Chn Format/Row/Hide n hng
+ Hoc Format/Column/Hide n ct
Ti v tr cc hng/ct n, c xut hin ng k ngang/dc m d nhn bit.
Cc hng ct n vn c th dng tnh ton.
- hin tr li cc hng/ct n ta lm nh sau:
+ Chn cc hng hoc cc ct lin k vi chng.
+ Chn Format/Row/Unhide hin hng
+ Hoc Format/Column/Unhide hin ct
27

2.6 C nh tiu hng ct

- Vi nhng bng tnh ln, khi ta cun mn hnh xem hoc nhp d liu phn
bn di hoc bn phi, th khng cn thy tiu hng hoc tiu ct, do vy rt d b
nhm cc hng hoc cc ct vi nhau. Trong trng hp ny ta nn c nh cc hng ct
tiu li. Cch lm nh sau:

Hnh 2.18: V d minh ha

+ a con tr v chun ( nm ngay di hng tiu , v ngay bn phi ct tiu

cn c nh). V d, vi bng tnh trn. Ta cn c nh hng 5 v ct A,B, th ta a con
tr vo chun l C6.
+ Sau chn Windows/Freeze Panes. Khi ngay di hng tiu s xut hin
mt ng k m.
-

hu b vic c nh hng ct tiu , chn Windows/Unfreeze Panes.

3. Mt s thao tc nng cao vi

3.1 t tn cho
t tn cho hay nhm c tc dng sau:
- Tn d c, d nh. V d tn TongLuong d hiu v d nh hn cng thc
=SUM(E2:E7).
- Khi gn tn c th tham chiu ti hay nhm bng tn.
- Vic di chuyn v mt (hay min) c t tn tr nn nhanh chng v thun
tin.
28

Tn phi bt u bi ch ci hoc du _ (ni di), \ (s cho ngc), c di

nhiu nht l 255 k t v khng c cha du cch. d c, cc ch ci u mi t
trong tn nn vit hoa, v d TongLuong hay ni cc t bng du _ (ni di), v d
Bang_Tra_Cuu. Khng nn g du ting Vit trong tn.
3.1.1 t tn cho hay nhm bng tay
Sau khi chn hay nhm cn t tn lm theo mt trong hai cch sau:
Cch 1:
- Nhy chut ca hp Tn trn thanh cng thc, a ch ca i sang mu xanh.
- Xo a ch i, g vo tn ri n phm Enter
Cch 2:
- Nhp chn thc n Insert Name Define (hoc n t hp phm Ctrl + F3)
- Trong khung Names in Workbook, g vo tn cho hay nhm (xem hnh 2.19)
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh

Hnh 2.19: Hp thoi t tn cho , nhm

3.1.2 t tn theo tiu ca ct hay hng (t ng)

- Chn hay nhm cn t tn gm c cc tiu ct hoc hng.
- Nhp chn thc n Insert Name Create (hoc n t hp phm
Ctrl+Shift+F3).

29

Hnh 2.20: Hp thoi t tn nhm theo tiu hng, ct

- ngha cc mc trong hp thoi Create Name (hnh 2.14) nh sau:
Top Row:
Ly hng u (ca khi chn) lm tn
Bottom
Ly hng cui (ca khi chn) lm tn
Row:
Left
Ly ct bn tri (ca khi chn) lm tn
Column:
Right Column: Ly ct bn phi (ca khi chn) lm tn
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh.
3.1.3 Dn tn vo cng thc
Khi nhp hay sa cng thc, thay v in vo a ch ca (hay min) c t
tn, ta thc hin nh sau:
- n phm F3 (hoc nhy chut ti hnh mi tn ca Hp tn trn thanh cng thc,
hoc Nhp chn thc n Insert Name Paste)
- Chn tn cn thit t danh sch ri kch chut vo OK.

Hnh 2.21: Dn tn vo cng thc

3.1.4 V nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn

C th a con tr v nhanh mt (hay min) c t tn bng mt trong hai
cch sau:
Cch 1
- Kch chut ti hnh mi tn ca Hp tn trn thanh cng thc v chn tn cn thit
t danh sch (hoc g a ch ca ).
30

Cch 2
- n phm F5
- Chn tn cn thit t danh sch
- n phm Enter
y cng l phng php kim tra xem Tn c t cho mt (hay min) no.
3.1.5. Xo tn
- Nhp chn thc n Insert Name Define.
- Chn tn cn xo t danh sch
- Chn Delete
- Kch chut vo OK hoc Close.
Ch : Nu mun ly tn ca nhm ny t cho nhm khc, trc ht phi xo
tn i.
3.2 Ghi ch cho
C th thm phn ghi ch cho tng ring r. Nhng ghi ch ny gip ta gii thch
bng tnh ca mnh mt cch r rng hn (ti sao li dng hm ny hay t a ch kia l
tuyt i v.v).
3.2.1 To ghi ch
- V cn to ghi ch.
- M hp ghi ch bng cch n t hp phm Shift + F2
- G vo li ghi ch trong khung xut hin.
- Kch chut ra v tr bt k ng hp ghi ch.

Hnh 2.22: To ghi ch cho

31

Mt chm vung mu gc phi trn ca ch ra rng c ghi ch. Khi

r chut vo c nh du mu , ni dung ghi ch s c hin th.
3.2.2 Xem / Sa / Xo cc ghi ch
- Nu cn xem ghi ch ca mt : ch vic r chut vo , mt khung vi ni dung
ghi ch xut hin. tt khung ny: r chut sang khc.
- sa hay xo mt ghi ch: m hp ghi ch bng cch n t hp phm Shift+F2
- Tin hnh sa ni dung ca ghi ch.
3.3 Bo v
Trong mt s trng hp, gii hn quyn s dng ca ngi khc, v d: khng
cho h sa i mt s ny hay xem cng thc mt s khc v.v hy s dng tnh
nng bo v v che du . Cch lm nh sau:
- Chn hay nhm cn bo v.
- Nhp chn thc n Format Cells Protection.
- Trong hp thoi nh du chn vo
Locked: kho khng cho sa i
Hidden: che du cng thc
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh.
4. Cc thao tc vi trang bng tnh
4.1 Chn mt trang vo bng tnh
Thng thng s bng tnh thng hin th mc nh ba bng tnh. Nu mun chn
thm cc bng tnh, ta thc hin nh sau:
- Nhn chn thc n Insert Worksheet
hoc
- Nhn phi chut trn thanh th tn bng tnh, chn Insert.

32

Hnh 2.23: Thao tc chn bng tnh

* Nhn nt OK khi c hp thoi xut hin chn thm mt bng tnh

4.2. Xo mt bng tnh
Mun xo bng tnh no khng cn dng na, ta thc hin nh sau:
- Nhn chn thc n Edit Delete Sheet hoc
- Nhp phi chut vo tn bng tnh cn xa, chn Delete sheet

Hnh 2.24: Thao tc xa bng tnh

4.3 i tn bng tnh

Thng thng tn mc nh ca bng tnh l sheet1, sheet2,... d dng qun l ni
c trn cc trang bng tnh, ta nn thc hin t tn trang bng tnh cho ph hp vi ni
dung cha trong n. Cc thao tc thc hin nh sau:
- Nhn phi chut vo tn trang bng tnh mun i tn Chn Rename G tn
mi ri nhn Enter

33

Hnh 2.25: Thao tc i tn bng tnh

hoc
- Chn thc n Format Sheet Rename G tn mi ri nhn Enter
4.4 Sao chp / di chuyn mt bng tnh
sao chp mt trang bng tnh, ta thc hin nhng bc sau:
- Nhn chn tn trang bng tnh , gi phm Ctrl trong khi ko th th tn sang
v tr trang bng tnh mi. Nu khng gi Ctrl bng tnh s c chuyn i.
Hoc:
- Chn cc trang bng tnh cn sao chp (c th dng phm shift h tr chn nhiu
trang k nhau hoc phm Ctrl h tr chn cc trang ri rc). Nhp chn thc n Edit
Move or Copy Sheet. Trong hp thoi Move or copy:
+ Nhn chn Create a copy (nu khng nh du chn th Excel s di chuyn cc
bng tnh sang v tr mi)
+ Trong phn To book: chn tp nhn bng tnh sao chp
+ Trong phn Before sheet: v tr trang bng sao chp s c t trc trang c
chn hoc c a v dy cui trang (move to end)

34


Hnh 2.26: Thao tc di chuyn bng tnh

Lu : Ch dng cch 2 nu bng tnh ngun v ch cch xa nhau (khng nhn thy
th tn ca chng cng mt lc).
4.5 Tch bng tnh
Cch 1: a con tr v v tr cn tch, nhp chn thc n Window Split. Sau
b tch, Nhp chn thc n Window Remove Split.
Cch 2: a con tr v v tr cn tch, Nhp chn thc n mc Window
Freeze Panes. Sau b tch, Nhp chn thc n Window Unfreeze Panes.
4.6 n v hin li mt bng tnh
Trong qu trnh lm vic vi bng tnh, c khi ta cn n i hoc hin li mt bng
tnh no , hoc n i mt s hng hoc ct trong bng tnh. thc hin ta lm nh
sau:
n, hin mt bng tnh
- Nhp chn thc n Window Hide n bng tnh
- hin li bng tnh, Nhp chn thc n Window Unhide
n hin ct hoc hng
- Chn cc ct hoc hng cn n hoc hin (bi en)
- Nhp chn thc n Format Column Hide n ct
- Nhp chn thc n Format Row Hide n hng.
- hin ct, Nhp chn thc n Format Column Unhide
- hin hng, Nhp chn thc n Format Row Hide
35

4.7 Bo v bng tnh

bo v bng tnh, trnh vic ngi ngoi chnh sa cc thng tin trn bng, ta c
th t mt khu cho trang bng tnh hoc tp file bng tnh. Cch thc hin nh sau:
- Nhp chn thc n Tools Protection
+ Chn Protect Sheet bo v bng tnh
+ Chn Protect Workbook bo v tp bng tnh.
- G mt khu vo hp Password. Hai ln g phi ging nhau v lu rng mt
khu trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng.
b tnh trng bo v:
- Nhp chn thc n Tools Protection Unprotect Sheet hay Unprotect
Workbook.
- thc hin cc thao tc chnh sa nhng trang hay tp bng tnh c bo v,
ngi s dng phi khai ng mt khu.

36

BI 3: CC K THUT NH DNG TRANG BNG TNH

1. nh dng d liu trong
Ta c th thay i cch hin th d liu trong bng thao tc nh dng. Thao tc nh
dng khng lm thay i gi tr ca d liu nhng gip cho ta c mt cch trnh by
d liu thng nht v d hiu nht
Excel cung cp nhiu dng biu din d liu trong
+ General: Dng chung do Excel qui nh khi nhp d liu vo
+ Number: Dng s
+ Currency: Dng tin t
+ Date: Dng ngy thng
+ Time: Dng thi gian
+ Text: dng vn bn
+ Custom: dng do ngi dng t nh ngha theo cc qui nh m Excel h tr
Di y, chng ta s lm quen vi mt s nh dng d liu cn bn
1.1 nh dng d liu theo kiu s
Vi d liu dng s ta c th nh dng theo nhng cch sau y
Cch 1: S dng cc nt trn thanh cng c nh dng:
Trn thanh cng c nh dng c sn mt s nt nh dng sau :
Nt

: in thm du tin t mc nh vo d liu s

Nt
: Nhn d liu vi 100 v in thm du % vo cui d liu (chuyn d liu sang
dng %)
Nt

: Biu hin d liu di dng phn tch phn ngn, triu, t v thp phn,

Nt

: Tng thm hng ch s th hin trong phn thp phn

Nt

: Gim bt hng ch s th hin trong phn thp phn

V d: Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau chn cc biu tng tng ng trn
thanh nh dng
S
Dng biu tng
i
thnh
Currency Style (in du tin t)
123
$ 123.00
123456
Comma Style (Du tch nghn, triu, 123,456.0
37

0.156
12.346
12.346

t)
Percent Style (Nhn vi 100 v in
du %)
Increase Decimal (ly thm 1 s thp
phn)
Decrease Decimal (gim i 1 s thp
phn)

0
15.6 %
12.3460
12.35

Trong cc v d trn, cc thng s quc t (du tin t; du tch nghn, triu, t; du

thp phn) l kiu M (ngm nh). C th t li cc thng s ny cho ph hp.
Cch 2: S dng hp thoi Format Cell
nh dng d liu s chi tit hn: ta cn s dng hp thoi Format Cell. Cc bc
thc hin tin hnh nh sau
+ Chn phn d liu s cn nh dng
+ Nhp chn thc n lnh Format Cells
+ Hp thoi Format Cell hin ra, nhn chn th Number
+ Trong mc Category, nhn chn number

Hnh 3.1: Hp thoi Format Cell / th Number

Phn Decimal places: qui nh biu hin bao nhiu hng s sau s thp phn
Phn Use 1000 Separator (,): nu nh du chn th Excel s phn tch phn s nguyn
ca d liu theo hng ngn, triu, t bng du ,
38

Negative number: qui nh nh dng ca s m

+ Nu chn Custom: Ta c th nh dng s theo cch ca ring mnh
V d: Nu ta mun biu hin dy s 123456.24 theo nh dng phn tch phn nguyn
thnh cp hai s nh 12 34 56.24, ta s nhp vo type ## ## ##.00

Hnh 3.2: Hp thoi Format cell / th Custom

n (che i) cc s khng (0)

- Chn cc cn thit
- Vo thc n Format Cells Number
+ Trong Code, g vo 0;0;
+ Kch chut vo OK hon thnh
1.2 nh dng d liu kiu ngy thng:
Khun dng mc nh ca d liu ngy thng trong Excel ty thuc vo qui nh v biu
din ngy thng nm trong mc Regional Setting ca Control Panel. Thng thng, qui
nh ny tun th theo h o lng Anh M, tc l d liu nhp vo s c hiu l
thng/ngy/nm (mm/dd/yyyy).
V d: ta nhp dy ngy thng 05/20/2007, Excel s hiu ta ang nhp d liu l ngy 20
thng 05 nm 2007.
Vi d liu ngy thng, ta c th nh dng li theo cch sau
39

+ Chn phn d liu cn nh dng

+ Nhp chn thc n lnh Format Cells
+ Hp thoi Format Cell hin ra, nhn chn th Number
+ Trong mc Category, nhn chn Date

Hnh 3.3: Hp thoi Format cell / th Date (ngy thng)

Mc Type: qui nh kiu d liu ngy thng

Locale (location): qui nh h o lng ca quc gia c ng dng
1.3 nh dng d liu kiu text
Cc d liu trong Excel thng c t ng gn kiu theo cch hiu thng dng nht.
V d nu ta nhp mt dy d liu ton s th d liu ny t c hiu l d liu s v
c cn v pha bn phi ca . i khi vic t ng gn ny cng i khi nh hng
n mc ch nhp s liu ca ngi dng. Chng hn khi bn mun nhp thng s l s
in thoi di ng, s 0 pha u dy s s t ng b n i.
trnh rc ri trn, bn c th s dng nh dng text nhp s liu. nh dng ny
cho php bn nhp d liu ng vi nhng g bn g trn bn phm
Thao tc thc hin nh sau:
+ Chn vng nh nhp d liu dng text
+ Nhp chn thc n lnh Format Cells
40

+ Hp thoi Format Cell hin ra, nhn chn th Number

+ Trong mc Category, nhn chn Text

Hnh 3.4: Hp thoi Format cell / th Text (vn bn)

2. nh dng cha vn bn
2.1 nh dng k t
- Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau dng cc cch sau
Dng cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c
- Chn mt kiu ch t hp Font trn thanh cng c chun
- Chn mt c ch t hp Size trn thanh cng c chun
- nh dng kiu ch chn Bold (in m), Italic (in nghing), Underline (gch
chn)
- Chn biu tng Color trn thanh cng c t mu nn.
- Chn biu tng Font Color trn thanh cng c t mu ch.

Font

Font Size

Color

Font Color

Hnh 3.5 Thanh cng c Formatting (nh dng k t)

41

Dng Menu ( c th chn nhiu mc ng thi)

- Vo thc n Format Cells Font. Xut hin hp thoi hnh 2.9
+ Chn Color t mu ch.
+ Chn Font t kiu ch
+ Chn Size t c ch

Hnh 3.6: Hp thoi Format cell / Th Font

+ Trong Font Style chn Italic in nghing, chn Bold in m, chn Bold Italic
in va nghing va m, chn Regular k t tr li bnh thng.
+ Trong Underline chn mt kiu gch chn: None (b gch chn), Single (gch
bng nt n), Double (gch bng nt i), Single Accounting (gch bng nt n kiu ti
chnh n cui mp phi ca ), Double Accounting (gch bng nt i kiu ti chnh n
cui mp phi ca ).
+ Chn Color t mu ch.
+ Trong Effect: chn Strikethough (gch ngang), Superscript (s m), Subscript
(ch s)
+ Chn Normal Font nu mun b mi nh dng v ly li kiu ngm nh.
Dng t hp phm
42

- Ctrl + B: In m
- Ctrl + I: In nghing
- Ctrl + U: Gch chn
- Ctrl + 5: Gch ngang
- Ctrl + Shift + F: M danh sch Font ch
- Ctrl + Shift + P: M danh sch c ch
2.2 Cn bin (dng hng)
- Chn vng d liu cn cn bin
Dng biu tng (ch cn c theo chiu ngang)

Hnh 3.7: Cc biu tng cn bin, dng hng trn thanh cng c chun

V d : c tiu nh di y, ta lm nh sau :

1
2

A
B
C
D
Trung tm o
to
Tin hc

E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
cng ho x hi ch ngha vit
nam c lp - T do - Hnh phc

3
- Ti A1 g TRUNG TM O TO
- Ti A2 g TIN HC
- Chn min A1:D2, chn biu tung
(cn vo gia nhiu ). Ti E1 g
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM. Ti E2 g c lp - T do - Hnh
phc, chn min E1:K2, chn biu tng
Dng thc n (cn c theo c chiu ngang ln chiu dc)
- Vo thc n Format Cells. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells, chn th
Aligment (Hnh 2.11)
43

Hnh 3.8: Hp thoi Format cell / Th Alignment

Cc thng s dng hng ca d liu trong bao gm:

- Horizontal: theo chiu ngang
+ General: K t uc cn v bn tri, s c cn sang phi, cc gi tr logic v li
c cn vo gia.
+ Left, Center, Right: Cn sang tri, vo gia, sang phi.
+ Fill: T in y (trong ch cn g 1 nhm k t sau chn mc ny, Excel
s in y min bng nhm ny)
+ Justify: Cn thng 2 bn. Trng hp rng ca ct nh hn ni dung bn trong
n, Excel t ng tng chiu cao ca hng.
+ Center Across: Cn vo gia min chn (tng t nh vic chn Selection biu
tng
- Orientation: Hng phn b, cho php to dng text lnh i bao nhiu trong
bng cch iu chnh tng gim s lnh trong phn Degrees.
- Text Control: iu khin vn bn sao cho xut hin ph hp vi din tch .
+ Wrap Text: Nu chn s cho xung dng trong cc khi ni dung vt qu chiu
ngang .
+ Shrink to fit: Nu chn s thu nh vn bn trong cho cha trong mt .
+ Merge Cell: Trn cc thnh mt .

44

2.3 K khung
- Chn vng d liu cn k khung, ta c cc cch sau
Dng biu tng
- Kch chut vo mi tn ca biu tng Borders trn thanh cng c nh dng.
- Chn loi ng k ph hp

Hnh 3.9: K ng vin s dng biu tng trn thanh cng c chun

Dng Menu
- Vo thc n Format Cells Border, xut hin hp thoi Format Cells nh
hnh di

Chn ng k
vin (outline) hoc
ng k bn trong
(inside) hoc hu
b ng k (none)

Chn kch thc

ng k v kiu
ng k

Kch chut vo cc
nt ng k
thm hoc bt
ng k cho vng
chn

Chn mu sc
cho ng k.

Hnh 3.10: Hp thoi Format cell / th Border

45

2.4 T mu nn
- Vo thc n Format Cells Patterns
- Chn Patterns t mu nn.
- Chn Color t mu t.
2.5 nh dng t ng
Excel c sn mt s khun mu c s dng nh dng. Cc bc nh sau:
- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng
- Vo thc n Format AutoFormat, ta c hp thoi nh hnh

Xem mu
bn
chn

La chn
cc thnh
phn c
nh dng
theo
autoformat

Hnh 3.11: Hp thoi AutoFormat

+ Chn kiu to khun trong danh sch Table Format

+ Nt Option cho php thc hin vic to khun t ng hn ch trn cc kiu d
liu nht nh.
+ Vng Sample l mu ca khun uc minh ha trn mt v d gi nh.

46

Bi 4: S DNG CNG THC V HM S

1. Khi nim v hm s, qui tc s dng hm s
1.1 Khi nim v hm s:
Hm (Function) c xem nh l cc cng thc nh sn nhm thc hin cc
tnh ton chuyn bit. Trn thc hin hm s cho mt gi tr hoc mt thng bo
li.
Excel c trn 300 hm v c phn loi thnh tng nhm theo lnh vc ng dng.
(xem phn 2.4 Bi 1)
1.2 Qui tc s dng hm s:
Cc hm c dng tng qut: TnHm(Cc tham bin).
V d :
+ TODAY( ) cho kt qu l ngy hin ti trong my 20/06/07 (hm khng cn tham
bin)
+ LEN(Excel 2003) cho kt qu di ca chui l 10 (hm c 1 tham bin)
+ AVERAGE(A1,B5,D8) cho kt qu l trung bnh cng cc s trong cc A1, B5,
D5 (hm nhiu tham bin)
Tn hm c th vit thng hay hoa hoc va vit thng va vit hoa u c.
Cc tham bin c th c hoc khng nhng phi t trong hai du ( ) v cch nhau
bi du phy (nh trong ti liu ny), chm phy hoc mt du ngn cch no khc tu
theo cch t cc thng s quc t. Trong mt hm c th cha nhiu nht 30 tham bin
nhng khng c vt qu 255 k t.
Trong hm khng c c du cch.
Hm phi c bt u bi du = hoc du ca mt php tnh. Trng hp dng
mt hm lm tham bin cho mt hm khc (hm lng nhau, nhiu nht l 7 mc)
khng cn vit du = trc tn hm . V d: cc A1, B1 cha s o cc cnh ca tam
gic vung, khi cng thc = SQRT(SUM(A1^2, B1^2)) g ti C1 cho s o cnh
huyn.
y, SQRT l hm khai cn bc 2, SUM l hm tnh tng (bnh phng ca 2 cnh
gc vung), ta thy trc hm ny khng c du = v n c dng lm tham bin (i
s) cho hm SQRT.
2. Nhp hm s vo bng tnh
C 3 cch nhp hm vo bng tnh:
Nhp d liu t bn phm
47

 S dng biu tng Function Wizard

S dng thc n nhp hm
bt u thao tc nhp hng, ta a con tr v cn tnht ton ri chn mt trong
cc cch sau:
2.1 Nhp d liu t bn phm
G c php sau: = Tn hm, du (cc tham bin theo ng dng thc quy nh)
V d: =Sum(A1, B1:D2)
2.2 S dng biu tng Function Wizard hoc thc n Insert
Cc bc nh sau:
Chn biu tng
trn thanh cng c hoc nhn thc n Insert / functions.
Xut hin hp thoi Insert Function nh hnh

Hnh 4.1: Hp thoi Insert Function Chn kiu hm s

ngha ca cc nhm hm trong khung mc Category nh sau:

Most Recently Used
: Cc hm s dng gn y nht
: Tt c cc hm
All
: Hm ti chnh
Financial
Date & Time
: Hm Ngy v Gi
Math & Trig
: Hm Ton v Lung gic
Statistical
: Hm thng k
Lookup & Reference
: Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu
48

Database
Text
Logical
Information

: Hm C s d liu
: Hm x l k t
: Hm Logic
: Cc hm Thng tin v , v bng tnh v.v

Chn nhm hm trong mc Category. Khi di chuyn thanh sng n nhm no,
Excel s lit k cc hm ca nhm theo th t ch ci trong mc Function.
Chn hm trong mc Function
Kch chut vo OK. Xut hin hp thoi Function Arguments lit k cng dng,
khung cc tham bin cn nhp, khung cha gi tr kt qu ca hm ...

Hnh 4.2: Hp thoi Function Arguments / in cc tham bin

in cc tham bin ca hm bng cch kch chut vo khung cn thit, sau nhp
t bn phm hoc r chut trn min d liu.
Kch chut vo OK. Excel tt hp thoi v ghi kt qu ca hm vo .
3. Gii thiu mt s hm thng dng
3.1 Hm ngy thng
3.1.1 DATE(year,month,day):
Ch ra ngy dng s ng vi ngy thng nm.
V d : =DATE(2007,06,20) tr v 06/20/2007
3.1.2 DAY(date):
Ch s ngy trong thng ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =DAY(06/20/2007) tr v 20
=DAY(27-July) tr v 27
49

3.1.3 MONTH(date)
S thng trong nm ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =MONTH(06/20/2007)tr v 6
=MONTH(27-Sep) tr v 9
3.1.4 TIME(hour, minute, second):
Ch ra thi gian dng s (gi, pht, giy).
V d : =TIME(19,5,14) tr v 19:05:14 hoc 7:05 PM
3.1.5 WEEKDAY(date):
Ch ra s th t ca ngy trong tun ca bin ngy thng date (Th Hai l ngy th
1, Th Ba l ngy th 2, ..., Ch Nht l ngy th 7)
V d : =WEEKDAY(06/20/2007) tr v 4
3.1.6 YEAR(date):
S nm ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =YEAR(06/20/2007) tr v 2007
3.2. Hm x l chui (k t)
3.2.1 LEN(text):
di ca chui k t text.
V d : =LEN(Excel 2003) tr v 10
3.2.2 LOWER(text):
Chuyn text thnh ch thng.
V d : =LOWER(EXCEL) tr v excel
3.2.3 PROPER(text):
Chuyn cc ch ci u t ca text thnh ch vit hoa.
V d : =PROPER(excel for windows) tr v Excel For Windows
Ch : Nu text l ting Vit, hm ny s cho kt qu sai.
V d : = PROPER(vit) tr v Vit
3.2.4 UPPER(text) :
Chuyn text thnh ch in hoa ton b.
V d : =UPPER(excel) tr v EXCEL
50

3.2.5 SUBSTITUTE(text, oldtext, newtext, instance):

Thay th newtext vo v tr oldtext trong text ln xut hin instance (Nu khng c
i s ny s thay th mi v tr).
V d : =SUBSTITUTE(Hy xem xem, xem, nhn,1) tr v Hy nhn xem
=SUBSTITUTE(Hy xem xem, xem, y,2) tr v Hy xem y
Mt s hm tham kho
EXACT(text1, text2): Nhn gi tr TRUE hay FALSE ph thuc vo hai chui
text1 v text2 c ging ht nhau hay khng.
V d : =EXACT(EXCEL,EXCEL) tr v TRUE
=EXACT(EXCEL,Excel) tr v FALSE
FIND(find_text, text, atnum): V tr ca chui con (Find_text) trong chui ln (text
) bt u t v tr atnum, nu b qua atnum n c cho bng 1. Hm ny phn bit ch
HOA v thng
V d : =FIND(e,Excel 5.0) tr v 4
=FIND(E,Excel 5.0) tr v 1
=FIND(A,Excel 5.0) tr v #VALUE! (li)
FIXED(number, decimal, no_commas): Chuyn s (number) thnh chui dng c
nh vi s thp phn decimal. Nu khng ghi decimal s cho 2 ch s thp phn. Nu
no_commas l FALSE (hoc khng ghi), chui in ra s c du ngn cch nghn triu nh
v d 1, nu no_commas l TRUE, chui in ra s khng c du ngn cch ngn triu nh
v d 2 (ch v d ny c 2 du phy).
V d: A1 cha s 12345.6789, khi
=FIXED(A1,3) tr v 12 345.679
=FIXED(A1, ,TRUE) tr v 12345.68
LEFT(text, number): Ly number k t bn tri ca text.
V d: =LEFT(Excel 5.0, 5) tr v Excel
MID(text, numstart, numchar): Tr li numchar k t ca text bt u t v tr
numstart.
V d: =MID(Excel for Windows,11,3) tr v Win
REPLACE(oldtext, numstart, numchar, newtext): Thay newtext vo oldtext bt
u t v tr numstart v c di numchar.
V d: =REPLACE(Ti hc Quattro 5.0,9,7,Excel) tr v Ti hc Excel 5.0
REPT(text,number): Lp li text lin tip number ln.
51

V d: =REPT(Tin hc ,3) tr v Tin hc Tin hc Tin hc

RIGHT(text, number): Ly ra number k t bn phi ca text.
V d: =RIGHT(Excel 5.0, 3) tr v 5.0
SEARCH(find_text, text, atnum): Tng t hm Find nhng khng phn bit ch
in hoa hay ch in thng.
TRIM(text): Ct b cc k t trng v ngha trong text.
V d: =TRIM( MS Excel 5.0 ) tr v MS Excel 5.0
VALUE(text): Chuyn text sang s.
V d: =VALUE(RIGHT(Tel. 533332,6)) tr v 533332
3.3 Hm ton hc
3.3.1 SUM
Cng dng: Dng tnh tng cc i s
C php:
=SUM(number1,number2,..)
Trong number c th l mt s, mt a ch hay a ch khi
V d: =SUM(3,2) kt qu l 5
Nu cc A2:C2 cha 5, 15, 30 tng ng th SUM(A2:C2) bng 50.
3.3.2 AVERAGE(number1, number2,..):
Cng dng: Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s
C php: AVERAGE (num 1, num 2,)
V d : =AVERAGE(10,8,9,3) tr v 7.5
3.3.3 INT(x):
S nguyn ln nht khng vt qu (nh hn) x.
V d: = INT(2.789) tr v 2 = INT(-2.4) tr v -3 (v -3 nh hn -2.4)
3.3.4 MAX
Cng dng: Tm s ln nht trong mt danh sch cc i s
C php:
=MAX(number1,number2,..)
trong number c th l mt s, mt a ch hay mt a ch khi .
V d: Ta c bng d liu sau
52

Hnh 4.3: V d v hm Max

=MAX(A1:A5) cho kt qu l 28
3.3.5 MIN
Cng dng: Tm s nh nht trong mt danh sch cc i s
C php:
=MIN(number1,number2,..)
trong number c th l mt s, mt a ch hay mt a ch khi .
V d: Ta c bng d liu xem hnh

Hnh 4.4: V d v hm Min

=MIN(A1:A5) cho kt qu l 2.
3.3.6 ROUND(x,n):
Lm trn s x vi chnh xc n con s th n
Nu n < 0 th x c lm trn n ch s thp phn th n;
Nu n > 0 th x c lm trn n ch s bn tri th n ca du (chm) thp phn.
V d: A1 cha s 347 645.146, khi cng thc =ROUND(A1,2) tr v 347
645.15 =ROUND(A1,1) tr v 347 645.10 =ROUND(A1,-3) tr v 348 000 (lm trn
n hng nghn).
53

3.3.7 SQRT(x):
hm cn bc hai ca x.
3.3.8 MOD(n,t):
S d ca php chia nguyn.
V d: =MOD(11,3) tr v 2 PI( ) : Tr v s p bng 3.141592654
Mt s hm tham kho
ABS(x): Gi tr tuyt i ca s x.
ACOS(x): Hm arccos ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc tr v theo
radian t 0 n p. Nu mun chuyn kt qu sang , nhn n vi 180/PI( )
ASIN(x): Hm arcsin ca x, x nm trong khong t -1 n 1. Gi tr gc tr v theo
radian t -p/2 n p/2.
ATAN(x): Hm arctg ca x. Tng t nh ASIN(x)
COS(x): Hm cos ca gc x, x l gc theo radian, nu l , phi nhn n vi
PI( )/180.
V d: = COS(0.785398) tr v 0.707107 (cos ca p/4) = COS(45*PI()/180) tr v
0.707107 (cos ca 450).
COSH(x): Hm Cos Hyperbolic ca gc x.
DEGREES(x): i radian sang .
V d: = DEGREES(PI( )/4) tr v 450.
TAN(x): hm Tang ca gc x.
TANH(x): hm Tang Hyperbolic ca x.
TRUNC(x) Ct b phn thp phn ca s x ch ly phn nguyn.
V d: = TRUNC(2.789) tr v 2 = TRUNC(-2.4) tr v -2, trong khi = INT(-2.4)
tr v -3
LN(x): Logarit t nhin ca x.
EXP(x): Hm m ex (tr v lu tha ca e).
V d: = EXP(1) tr v 2.718281
LOG(number, base): Logarit c s base ca number
LOG10(number): Logarit c s 10 ca number (log10x)
MDETERM(DC): nh thc ma trn cho bi a ch vng DC.
MINVERSE(DC): Ma trn ngc ca DC.
54

MMULT(M1,M2): Tch hai ma trn M1, M2.

SIGN(x): Xc nh du ca mt s. Tr v 1 nu x > 0, 0 nu x = 0, -1 nu x<0.
V d: = SIGN(10) tr v 1
= SIGN(4-4) tr v 0
= SIGN(7-25) tr v -1
SIN(x): hm Sin ca x.
SINH(x): hm Sin Hyperbolic ca x.
RAND( ): S ngu nhin gia 0 v 1.
RANDBETWEEN(n1, n2): S nguyn ngu nhin gia hai s nguyn n1 v n2.
3.4. Hm Logic
3.4.1 Hm IF
Hm IF l mt hm iu kin, thuc nhm hm logic, bi v n s cho kt qu l mt
gi tr no nu so snh iu kin ng v cho mt kt qu khc nu so snh iu kin
sai. V d, bn c th s dng hm so snh trong tnh ho n to ra cng thc nu
tng tin ca ho n ln hn $500 th s c gim gi 10%, nu khng th gi nguyn
gi tr ho n.
C php hm IF
= IF (Logical_test,Value_if_true,Value_if_false)
Trong :
Logical_test: iu kin a ra so snh
Value_if_true: gi tr hm tr v nu ng
Value_if_ false: gi tr hm tr v nu sai
V d: =IF(9<7, NG,SAI): kt qu l SAI
3.4.2 AND(logic1,logic2,..):
Nhn gi tr TRUE (ng) nu tt c cc biu thc logic1, logic2,... u l TRUE,
nhn gi tr FALSE (Sai) nu c t nht mt i s l FALSE
V d : =AND(5>3,6>4) tr v TRUE =AND(5>3,6<=4) tr v FALSE
3.4.3 FALSE( )
Cho gi tr logic FALSE.
3.4.4 NOT(logic):
hm ph nh.
55

V d : = NOT(1+1>2) tr v TRUE
= NOT(1+1=2) tr v FALSE
3.4.5 OR(logic1,logic2,...):
Nhn gi tr TRUE nu mt trong cc biu thc logic1,logic2,.. l TRUE, nhn gi tr
FALSE nu tt c cc biu thc l FALSE.
V d : =OR(5>3,6<=4) tr v TRUE
=OR(5<3,6<=4) tr v FALSE
3.4.6 TRUE( ):
nhn gi tr logic TRUE.
3.5. Hm thng k
3.5.1 SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range):
Cng dng: Dng tnh tng cc phn t tho mn mt iu kin no .
C php: =SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range)
Trong
range: L vng so snh vi criteria (Vng tra iu kin)
criteria: L iu kin cng, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc (iu kin). Quyt
nh no trong vng Sum_range s c cng.
sum_range: L vng s c cng (vng tnh gi tr). Cc trong sum_range
ch c cng nu cc tng ng vi n trong range tho mn criteria
V d: Tnh tng doanh thu ca Ti vi
=SUMIF(B3:B11,"Ti vi",C3:C11) kt qu l 241.50

Hnh 4.5: V d hm Sumif

56

3.5.2 COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Cng dng: m cc phn t tho mn mt iu kin n gin
C php: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Trong

range: l tp hp cc m ta mun m (vng tra iu kin)

criteria: Tiu chun, c th l s, ch hoc biu thc, xc nh xem s m no

(iu kin)
V d

Hnh 4.6: V d hm Countif

=COUNTIF(C3:C5,">50") tr v gi tr l 3
=COUNTIF(C6:C8,">50") tr v gi tr l 2
3.5.3 COUNT
- Cng dng: Dng m c bao nhiu gi tr s trong danh sch i s. Danh sch
i s c th l a ch hay a ch khi .
- C php: =COUNT(value 1, value 2,..)
V d:

57

Hnh 4.7: V d hm Count

=COUNT(B3:B11) cho kt qu 0
=COUNT(C3:C11) cho kt qu 9
3.5.4 DCOUNTA
- Cng dng: Dng m cc phn t tha mn mt iu kin phc tp.
- C php: =DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria)
Trong , ct cn m l th t ca n trong vng d liu, m t 1.
V d

Hnh 4.8: V d hm Dcounta

58

=DCOUNTA(A2:C11,2,B14:C15) cho kt qu l 2
3.5.5 DSUM
Cng dng: Dng tnh tng cc phn t ca mu tin c s d liu tho mn mt iu
kin nht nh.
C php: =DSUM(Database, field, Criteria)
Trong :
- Database: Vng cn tnh d liu
- Field: ct cn tnh l th t ca n trong vng d liu, m t 1.
- Criteria: Vng iu kin
V d:

Hnh 4.9: V d hm Dsum

=DSUM(A2:C11,3,B14:C15) cho kt qu l 159.7

Mt s hm tham kho
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria): Tnh gi tr trung bnh cng trn mt ct
(field) ca CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)

59

V d : tnh tui trung bnh ca N, sau khi nhp cng thc

=
DAVERAGE( A1:D10,2,C12:C13) ta nhn c gi tr 30.4 (Tui l ct th 2 tnh t
tri sang, v vy trong cng thc trn c th thay con s ny bng Tui)
DMAX (database, field, criteria): Tnh gi tr ln nht trn mt ct (field) ca
CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : tnh Lng cao nht ca nhng ngui 28 tui, sau khi nhp cng thc =
DMAX(A1:D10,4,B12:B13) ta nhn c gi tr 80
DMIN (database, field, criteria): Tnh gi tr nh nht trn mt ct (field) ca
CSDL (database) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d: tnh Lung thp nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp cng thc =
DMIN(A1:D10,4,B12:B13) ta nhn c gi tr 40
DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) : m s bn ghi ca CSDL (database) trn
ct s (field) tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d: m s ngi l N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc:
=DCOUNT(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13) cho ta kt qu l 3
V d: m s ngi c ch ci u ca Tn l H, sau khi to min TCSSGT vi
tiu Vn H (hoc ni dung bt k) ti A12 v tiu chun =LEFT(A2,1)=H ti
A13, nhp cng thc = DCOUNT(A1:D10, 2 ,D12:D13) ta nhn c gi tr 2. Cn ch
rng ti v tr tham bin th 2 (field) ca hm DCOUNT ch c ghi s th t (hoc
tn) ca trng s bt k ch khng c ghi s th t (hoc tn) ca trng k t
hoc ngy thng. Nh trong v d trn c th ly s 4 (ch khng c ly s 1 hoc 3)
thay cho s 2.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria): m s khng rng ca ct bt k (field)
tho mn iu kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria). Khc vi DCOUNT, trong cng
thc ca hm ny c th ghi s th t hoc tn ca trng bt k no ca CSDL.
SMALL(DC,k): Phn t nh th k trong vng DC.
V d : = SMALL(E1:E5,1) tr v 60000
= SMALL(E1:E5,3) tr v 210000
LARGE(DC,k): Phn t ln th k trong vng DC.
V d: = LARGE(E1:E5,1) tr v 420000
= LARGE(E1:E5,3) tr v 150000
MODE(DC): Tr li gi tr hay gp nht trong vng DC.
V d: = MODE(1,2,4,5,2) tr v 2
60

3.6. Hm Tm kim v Tham chiu

3.6.1 VLOOKUP
Cng dng: Tm trong ct th nht ca mt bng v tr v gi tr ca mt .
C php
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)
Trong :
lookup_value: Gi tr c tm kim trn ct bn tri ca table_array
table_array: Vng tm kim hay cn gi l bng tra cu, a ch phi l tuyt i,
nn t tn cho vng.
col_index_num: S th t ct trong table_array, ni VLOOKUP s ly gi tr tr
v range_lookup Gi tr logic xc nh vic tm kim l chnh xc hay gn ng, nu l:
True hay 1: Ct u tin phi c sp xp tng dn (khi c th b qua tham s
th 4 ny). Khi khng thy s ly kt qu gn ng, v th cn gi l d tm khng chnh
xc.
False hay 0: Ct u tin khng cn sp xp. Tm chnh xc, tr v #N/A nu
khng thy.
V d: Bng hnh 3.10 l kt qu thi ca hc sinh, da vo im Trung bnh hy
xp loi hc sinh theo thang im : Km 5 Trung bnh 7 Kh 8 Gii 9.5 Xut sc.
dng hm VLOOKUP, thc hin cc bc sau:
Trong min C15:D19 g vo thang im trn di dng ct. V y l cch d tm
khng chnh xc (trong mt khong) nn ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi
loi.
Nh vy:
- lookup_value l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th nht) table_array l min
$C$15: $D$19 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a hng tiu C14: D14 vo)
- col_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca ct Loi, ct ny c s th t l 2 trong
min $C$14: $D$19.
- range_lookup l 1 hoc TRUE u c, c th b qua tham bin ny
- Ti G3 in vo cng thc = VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2) ta nhn c
Trung bnh
Sao chp cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho cc
hc sinh cn li.

61

Hnh 4.10: V d hm Vlookup

3.6.2 HLOOKUP
Cng dng: Tm trong mt hng trn cng ca mt bng v tr v gi tr ca mt
ch.
C php
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num,range_lookup)
Hm ny hot ng ging nh hm VLOOKUP, im khc l :
lookup_value: Gi tr c tm kim trn hng u tin ca Table_array
table_array: Vng tm kim vit thnh hng
row_index_num: S th t hng trong table_array, ni HLOOKUP s ly gi tr
tr v
Theo v d trn: Trong min A21: F22 ta g vo thang im trn di dng hng,
ch ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi loi.
Nh vy: lookup_value l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th 1); table_array l
min $B$21: $F$22 (min a ch tuyt i, khng a ct tiu A21: A22 vo);
row_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca hng Loi, hng ny c s th t l 2 trong
62

min B21: F22.

Ti F3 in vo cng thc = HLOOKUP(E3,$B$21: $F$22,2), ta nhn c
Trung bnh
Sao chp cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho cc
hc sinh cn li.
3.6.3 RANK
Cng dng: Xc nh th hng ca s so vi chui cc s trong danh sch, tc l
xem s ng th my trong chui s
C php: =RANK(number, ref , [oder]Tu chn)
Trong :
number: s xp hng
ref: danh sch vng xp hng
[order]: Ty chn xp theo th hng t cao n thp hoc ngc li.
- Xp gim dn nu khng c Tu chn hoc Tu chn bng 0 (V d 1).
- Xp tng dn nu Tu chn l mt s ln hn 0 (V d 2). a ch ca Danh sch
phi l tuyt i.
V d: 1. Gi s cc E3:E12 ghi im trung bnh ca cc th sinh, xp th cn
c vo im trung bnh, ti F3 nhp =RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12) hoc
=RANK(E3,$E$3:$E$12,0), sau copy cng thc ny xung cc t E4 n E12.
V d : 2. Gi s cc B3:B12 ghi thi gian chy 100 m ca cc vn ng vin,
xp th cn c vo thi gian, ti C3 nhp =RANK(B3,$B$3:$B$12,1), sau copy
cng thc ny xung cc t C4 n C12. C th thay s tham s th 3 bng mt s bt
k khc 1.
3.7. Cc hm ti chnh:
3.7.1 DDB:
Cng dng: l hm tnh khu hao vi s kp gim nhanh
C php: =DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
Trong :

Cost : Gi tr ban u

Salvage

Life

Period : S thi on tnh khu hao

: Gi tr cn li

: Tui th ca thit b

63

Factor : H s tnh khu hao (kp), nu b trng l = 2

3.7.2 FV
Cng dng: Tnh gi tr tng lai ca tin u t
C php: =FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
Trong :
Rate : Sut chic khu
Nper : Tng s thi on phi tr tnh theo hng nm
Pmt

: Khon chi tr u mi thi on, nu b trng l = 0

PV

: Gi tr tin hin ti, nu b trng l = 0

Type : Cch tnh cho khon tr u PMT, nu b trng l = 0, ngha l chi tr u

vo cui nm
3.7.3 IRR
Cng dng: Tnh ni sut thu hi vn ca mt dng ngn lu
C php:= IR(value, guess)
Trong :
Values: Cc gi tr ca dng tin
Guess : Gi tr suy on, nu b trng l = 0
3.7.4 NPV
Cng dng: Gi tr hin ti thun ca mt dng ngn lu
C php: =NPV(rate, value1, value2, )
Trong :
Rate: Sut chit khu cho ton b dng tin
Value1: Cc gi tr ca dng tin
Value2: B trng nu dng tin khng qu 30 thi on
3.7.5 PMT
Cng dng: tnh chi tr nh k mt khon khng i
C php: =PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
Trong :
Rate : Sut chic khu
Nper : Tng s thi on phi tr tnh theo hng nm
64

 PV : Gi tr tin hin ti tin vay c

FV : Gi tr tng lai tin vay cn li cha tr, nu b trng l = 0, ngha l tr
ht tin vay
Type : Cch tnh cho khon tr u PMT, nu b trng l = 0, ngha l chi tr u
vo cui nm
3.7.6 PV
Cng dng: tnh gi tr hin ti ca tin u t
C php: =PV(rate, nper,pmt,fv,type)
Trong :
Rate : Sut chic khu
Nper : Tng s thi on phi tr tnh theo hng nm
Pmt : Khon chi tr u mi thi on, nu b trng l = 0
FV : Gi tr tin tng lai c c
Type : Cch tnh cho khon tr u PMT, nu b trng l = 0, ngha l chi tr u
vo cui nm
3.7.7 Rate
Cng dng: tnh li sut cho mt d n i vay
C php: RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type)
Trong :
Nper : Tng s thi on chi tr theo nh k hay hng nm cho d n i vay
Pmt : Khon chi tr u mi thi on, nu b trng l = 0
PV : Gi tr tin hin ti nhn c khi vay
FV : Gi tr tin phi tr tng lai
Type : Cch tnh cho khon tr u PMT, nu b trng l = 0, ngha l chi tr u
vo cui nm
3.7.8 SLN
Cng dng: Tnh khu hao ti sn theo ng thng
C php: =SLN(cost,salvage,life)
Trong :
Cost : Gi tr ban u ca ti sn
Salvage : Gi tr cn li ca ti sn, nu b trng l = 0
65

 Life : S thi on ti sn c tnh khu hao

3.7.9 SYD
Cng dng: Tnh khu hao ti sn theo ch s tng nm
C phap: =SYD(cost,salvage,life,per)
Trong :
Cost : Gi tr ban u ca ti sn
Salvage : Gi tr cn li ca ti sn, nu b trng l = 0
Life : S thi on ti sn c tnh khu hao
Per : Thi on tnh khu hao

66

BI 5: QUN TR D LIU
1. Khi nim c bn v c s d liu
C s d liu (CSDL) l tp hp cc d liu c sp xp trn mt vng ch nht
(gm t nht 2 hng) ca bng tnh theo quy nh sau: Hng u tin ghi cc tiu ca
d liu, mi tiu trn mt ct. Cc tiu ny c gi l trng (field). T hng th
hai tr i cha d liu, mi hng l mt bn ghi (record).
+ Trng: mi trng biu th mt thuc tnh ca i tng v c kiu d liu nht
nh
+ Bn ghi: l mt hng d liu
+ Danh sch list: L mt lot cc dng trong Worksheet, mi dng cha cc d liu
lin quan vi nhau m t c mt i tng c th.
Ch :
+ Tn cc trng phi l dng k t, khng c dng s, cng thc, to ....
Nn t tn trng ngn gn, khng trng lp.
+ Khng nn c min rng trong CSDL.
V d: tng hp doanh thu theo ngy ca mt sn phm th c s d liu cn lp s c
cc trng nh: ngy thng, sn phm, n gi sn phm, s lng hng bn ra, doanh
thu trong ngy. V cc bn ghi s l s liu thc t bn hng theo ngy thng

Hnh 5.1: Mt v d v c s d liu

2. To c s d liu trong Excel

2.1 Nguyn tc to c s d liu
C s d liu trong Excel c t chc theo cc danh sch. Danh sch c xy
dng theo dng bn ghi (record). Mi bn ghi bao gm thng tin v ngi hoc s vt.
67

Bn ghi c chia thnh cc trng, lu tr nhng thng tin lin quan n i tng d
liu. Trong Excel, ct chnh l cc trng v hng chnh l danh sch cc bn ghi.
Do vy, rt n gin to mt danh sch trong Excel. Bn ch cn khi ng Excel, to
cc trng v nhp vo s liu cho mi trng
2.2 Cc cch nhp d liu
C 3 cch nhp d liu vo c s d liu
2.2.1 Nhp trc tip:
G nhp trc tip d liu vo bng tnh. Trc tin ta cn to cc trng d liu, sau
th nhp dn cc d liu theo tng hng (tng bn ghi)
2.2.2 S dng form nhp liu:
s dng form nhp d liu, trc tin ta cn to form nhp liu, sau nhp cc s
liu vo danh sch cho tng bn ghi.
Di y, l cc bc to form nhp liu cho mi bn ghi
To cc trng cho danh sch
Nhp vo t nht 01 bn ghi theo cch 1
Chn vng d liu va nhp

Hnh 5.2: Chn vng d liu

Vo thc n Data Form. Xut hin hp thoi Data Form

68

Hnh 5.3: Hp thoi Data Form (nhp liu theo form nhp liu)
- New: to mt bn ghi mi
- Delete: xo mt bn ghi hin thi
- Restore: lu nhng thng tin nhp liu
- Find Prew: chuyn n bn ghi trc
- Find Next: chuyn n bn ghi tip theo
- Criteria: chuyn n bn ghi da theo tiu chun la chn.
- Close: ng form nhp liu
2.2.3 S dng Data Validation:
C nhng trng hp cc s liu nhp vo mt trng c gii hn trong mt di nht
nh. Vic s dng chc nng ny gip ngi dng nhp chnh xc s liu trong di hoc
lm hn ch vic nhp s liu sai so vi di d liu
Cch thc hin chc nng nh sau:
V d: Tip tc v d phn trn, gi s ca hng ch chuyn doanh ba mt hng l
ng Bin Ha, Sa Mc Chu v Bnh Hi H. Nh vy trong trng Sn phm ch
c mt di s liu l ba mt hng trn. gii hn s liu trong trng ny ch nm trong
danh sch ba sn phm trn ta thc hin nh sau:
Chn trng cn gii hn di s liu (trng sn phm)

Hnh 5.4: Chn trng cn gii hn di s liu

Vo thc n Data Validation. Xut hin hp thoi Data Validation

69

Hnh 5.5: Hp thoi Data Validation / th Setting

Trong th Setting, phn Allow cho php chn kiu di s liu. Phn Source qui
nh c th di d liu V d, ta qui nh c th di d liu trong trng Sn phm l
ng Bin Ha, Sa Mc Chu, Bnh Hi H.
Trong th Input Message, phn Input Message, nhp vo bn tin thng bo n
ngi nhp liu.

Hnh 5.6: Hp thoi Data Validation / th Input Message

70

 Trong th Error Alert, phn error message cho php bn g nhng bn tin cnh
bo khi nhp d liu sai.

Hnh 5.7: Hp thoi Data Validation / th Error Alert

Kch chut vo OK hon thnh. Ta c kt qu nh hnh.

Hnh 5.8: Chn d liu trong di d liu gii hn

Khi nhp d liu trng Sn phm, bn ch cn kch chut vo tn sn phm thch hp,
sn phm s c in ngay vo ang lm vic.

71

3. Cc thao tc chnh trn c s d liu

3.1 Sp xp c s d liu:
Khi phn tch nh gi mt c s d liu, cng vic u tin l ta phi sp xp c s d
liu theo nhng tiu ch nht nh (kha sp xp)
Excel cho php ta c th sp xp d liu theo t mt n ba kha, theo nguyn tc kha
th nht c tha mn th ng dng tip kha th hai, ri kha th ba.
Cch thc thc hin nh sau:
Nu nh sp xp cho ton b CSDL: v bt k ca n. Nu ch nh sp xp cho
mt s bn ghi: chn min d liu cn a vo sp xp.
Vo thc n Data Sort. Xut hin hp thoi Sort. Excel c th sp xp theo
ba kho (iu kin). Kch chut vo hnh mi tn ca khung ny. Xut hin danh sch tri
xung ghi tn hoc th t cc trng. Sau , chn trng cn thit.

Hnh 5.9: Hp thoi Sort (sp xp d liu)

Sau y l ngha cc mc:

- Sort by: ct u tin nht trong kho sp xp.
- Then by: ct u tin th hai v th ba trong kho sp xp
- Ascending: sp xp tng dn
- Desending: sp xp gim dn
- My List Has: Header Row (hoc No Header Row): min d liu cha (hoc khng
cha) hng tiu
- Nt Option
+ Case Sensitive: phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng
+ Orientation:
72

Sort Top To Bottom: sp xp cc dng trong CSDL

Sort Left To Right: sp xp cc ct trong CSDL
Kch chut vo OK bt u sp xp.
V d: Di y l bng kt qu thi cui kha ca mt lp hc nh

Hnh 5.10: Bng c s d liu cha sp xp

Ta s sp xp li bng c s d liu ny theo tiu ch Xp loi, ri theo im kt qu, v

theo Phi
a con tr v mt bt k trong bng. Vo thc n Data Sort. Hp thoi Sort hin ra
v ta s nh du qui nh kha sp xp nh sau:

73

Hnh 5.11: Sp xp d liu theo ba tiu ch

Sau khi bm OK, bng kt qu im thi s c sp xp li nh sau:

Hnh 5.12: Bng c s d liu sau khi thc hin lnh sort

3.2 Lc d liu:
Mc ch lc d liu l lc ra nhng bn ghi tha mn nhng iu kin nht nh.
74

V d: Lc ra bn ghi tt c cc hc sinh gii trong bng kt qu thi cui kha phn 3.1.
thc hin yu cu ny, ta s cn phi thc hin cc bc lc d liu.
3.2.1. Cc yu t c bn
thc hin lc d liu, phi xc nh cc yu t c bn sau trn bng tnh:
Min d liu (Database): cha ton b d liu cn x l, k c hng tiu .
Min tiu chun (Criteria): l min bt k trn bng tnh ngoi vng CSDL,
cha cc tiu chun (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi tho mn). Min tiu chun gm ti
thiu 2 hng: hng u cha tiu ca min tiu chun. Cc tiu ny hoc l tn
trng hoc l tn bt k ph thuc vo phng php thit lp tiu chun trc tip hay
gin tip). T hng th hai tr i l tiu chun ca CSDL.
Min tiu chun so snh trc tip (TCSSTT): cho php a vo cc tiu chun
so snh d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSTT c to ra theo
nguyn tc sau:
- Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun, ly tn trng lm tiu .
- Hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, trc cc gi tr c th thm
cc ton t so snh nh >, >=,<, <=. Cc tiu chun trn cng hng (thng c gi l
iu kin v - and) c thc hin ng thi. Cc tiu chun trn cc hng khc nhau
(thng c gi l iu kin hoc l - or) c thc hin khng ng thi.
V d v cch vit TCSSTT: Yu cu lc ra nhng ngi tn l Bnh. Lc ra nhng
ngi t im trung bnh t 5 tr ln. Lc ra nhng ngi 18 tui

lc ra nhng ngi t im Trung bnh t 5 n 8 (trong khong) lm nh sau:

Trn hng tiu ca tiu chun phi c 2 u ghi trng Trung bnh, ngay pha di
ghi iu kin (trn cng mt hng) :

lc ra nhng ngi Xp loi Km hoc Gii, Xut sc (tc l im Trung bnh

di 5 hoc trn 8 (ngoi khong) lm nh sau: Ngay pha di ghi iu kin (trn hai
hng) :
75

 lc ra danh sch Nam hoc Tui trn 21: iu kin ghi trn hai hng :
Tui

GT
Nam

> 21
Min tiu chun so snh gin tip (TCSSGT) hay cn gi l tiu chun cng
thc: cho php a vo cc tiu chun so snh d liu hoc mt phn d liu trong
mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSGT c to ra theo nguyn tc sau:
- Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun. Tiu ny c th t bt k nhng khng
c trng vi tn trng no.
- T hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, mi tiu chun l mt cng thc.
Cng thc ny phi cha a ch ca bn ghi u tin. Kt qu thc hin cng thc ny l
mt gi tr Logic: TRUE (ng) hoc FALSE (Sai)
V d: Ngy thng nm sinh ca Hng l 30/01/1978

Khi n phm Enter, ti tiu chun ny s xut hin FALSE (v Nm sinh ca Hng
l 1978)

Khi n Enter, ti tiu chun ny s xut hin TRUE (v Ngy sinh ca Hng l 30)
Min ch (Copy to): min trng trn bng tnh, dng cha cc bn ghi t tiu
chun.
3.2.2 Lc t ng (AutoFilter)
Lc d liu t ng l cch thc lc d liu c s h tr iu kin lc ca Excel.
Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Chn min d liu nh lc (k c hng tiu ).
Vo thc n Data Filter AutoFilter, Excel t ng chn nhng mi tn
vo bn phi ca cc tn trng.
76

 Kch chut vo hnh mi tn ti ct cha d liu dng lm tiu chun lc (v d

ti ct DTB).

Hnh 5.13: Bng d liu khi p dng lnh AutoFilter

Chn mt trong cc mc ti thc n:

+ All: th hin mi bn ghi
+ Top 10: cc gi tr ln nht (hoc nh nht)
+ Khi cn lc cc bn ghi theo mt gi tr c th no ch cn chn gi tr trong
thc n
+ Custom: t nh iu kin lc: Nu chn custom, hp thoi Custom AutoFilter s
xut hin ngi s dng t nh iu kin lc.
V d: Lc ra nhng bn ghi c im trung bnh ln hn 5.00 v nh hn 7.00

77

Hnh 5.14: Bng hi thoi Custom AutoFilter

Phn cn li l danh sch gi tr ca cc bn ghi trong CSDL ti ct .

Hu lc d liu
Hu lc trong 1 ct: Kch chut ti hnh mi tn ca ct , chn [All]
Hu lc ton b: Vo thc n Data Filter AutoFilter xo du
Hin li tt c cc hng trong danh sch c lc: Vo thc n Data Filter
Show All
3.3.3 Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter)
Advanced Filter dng tm cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin phc tp hn.
Chc nng lc nng cao ny ng vi vi cc tiu chun so snh gin tip, bt buc phi
dng min tiu chun. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
To min tiu chun.
Chn min d liu nh lc
Vo thc n Data Filter Advanced Filter
ngha cc mc trong hp thoi Advanced Filter (Hnh 5.6) nh sau:
- Trong phn Action:
78

+ Filter the List, in place: Lc ti ch (ngay ti v tr ca CSDL ch hin cc bn ghi

tho mn tiu chun lc)
+ Copy to Another Location: Trch cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc sang min khc
ca bng tnh, a ch ca min ny c xc nh ti khung Copy to
- Hp List Range: a ch min d liu ngun em lc
- Hp Criteria Range: a ch min tiu chun
- Hp Copy to: a ch min ch cha cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc)
- Kch vo Unique Record Only: Ch hin 1 bn ghi trong s cc bn ghi trng
nhau.
V d: lc ra danh sch cc hc sinh N t im trung bnh t 5.0 tr ln trong
v d phn 3.2.2, ta in vo mc hi thoi Advanced Filter nh sau

Hnh 5.15: Hp thoi Advanced Filter

Kt qu ta s thu c nh sau ti min A20:M25 nh sau:

Hnh 5.16: D liu lc sau khi p dng lnh Advanced Filter

79

3.3 Thng k d liu:

Thng k d liu cho php ta c thc hin cc php tnh thng k nhm nh gi mt
cch va tng hp va chi tit mt c s d liu:
3.3.1 S dng chc nng Subtotal nhm v thng k d liu
Cng dng ca Subtotal l thc hin vic thng k theo tng nhm d liu.
Cch thc hin nh sau:
Sp xp th t cc dng ca danh sch theo vng kho cn tnh thng k.
V d: Tip tc v d trn, ta cn xem c bao nhiu hc vin t xp loi gii, kh,
trung bnh, yu. Trc ht ta sp xp d liu theo ct xp loi:

Hnh 5.17: Bng d liu xp theo tiu ch xp loi

Chn vng d liu cn thng k. Vo thc n Data Subtotals

Hp thoi Subtotal xut hin nh hnh

Hnh 5.18: Hp thoi Subtotal

80

- At each change in: Chn ct c d liu cn thng k

- Use function: chn hm chc nng thc hin. V d, ta cn m chc danh ca
ngi lm th chn hm Count
- Add subtotal to: Chn ct ghi kt qu thng k
Kch chut vo OK hon thnh. Kt qu cho ta nh hnh

Hnh 5.19 : Kt qu sau khi p dng tnh nng Subtotal

3.3.2 Tng hp d liu s dng PivotTable

Chc nng ny ca Excel cho php t ng ho qu trnh tng kt theo nhiu loi
nhm, phn tch v nh gi s liu.
Gi s ta c bng di y l mt CSDL v doanh thu ca mt c quan kinh doanh
gm 2 ca hng k hiu l S 1 v S 2.
A
Ngy
29-08-97

B
Nhn vin
Hng

C
Ca hng
S 1

D
Sn phm
Ko

E
Tin
20

29-08-97

Lan

S 1

Bnh

10

30-08-97

Chi

S 1

Bnh

40

30-08-97

Nga

S 2

Mt

15

30-08-97

Vn

S 2

Ko

25
81

03-09-97

Chi

S 1

Bnh

30

03-09-97

Lan

S 1

Ko

45

03-09-97

Nga

S 2

Ko

20

04-09-97

Chi

S 1

Mt

10

04-09-97

Vn

S 2

Bnh

35

T CSDL trn, tng hp theo tng ca hng, tng nhn vin v tng ngy cho bng
Tng hp sau:

Sum of Tin
Nhn
Ngy
vin
Chi
03-09-97
04-09-97
30-08-97
Chi Total
Hng
29-08-97
Hng Total
Lan
03-09-97
29-08-97
Lan Total
Nga
03-09-97
30-08-97
Nga Total
Vn
04-09-97
30-08-97
Vn Total
Grand Total

Sn phm
Bnh

Ko Mt

30
0
40
70
0
0
0
10
10
0
0
0
35
0
35
115

0
10
0
10
20
20
45
0
45
20
15
35
0
25
25
135

Grand
Total
30
10
40
80
20
20
45
10
55
20
15
35
35
25
60
250

Ta thy, bng CSDL trn, tiu ca cc ct l cc trng (field): Ngy, Nhn

vin, Ca hng, Sn phm v Tin. Cc trng ny s tham gia vo vic xy dng bng
Tng hp.
Bng Tng hp c chia lm 4 vng:
Page Field: Ton b d liu uc tng kt theo tng nhm (Item) ca trng ny.
Page Field lun nm pha trn ca bng Tng hp. Trong v d ny, Page Field l Ca
hng gm 2 nhm S 1 v S 2.
Row Field: Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny uc tng kt trn mt dng, v vy
uc gi l Row. Nu s Row Field nhiu hn 1, PivotTable s tng kt cc trng ny
theo kiu lng nhau theo th t t trn xung dui. Trong v d ny, c hai Row Field l
82

Nhn vin v Ngy, trng Nhn vin uc tng kt trc ri mi n trng Ngy.
Column Field: Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny uc tng kt trn mt ct, v vy
uc gi l Column. Nu s Nhm ny nhiu hn 1, PivotTable s tng kt cc nhm
ny theo th t t tri qua phi. Trong v d ny, cc Nhm uc tng kt thnh cc ct
(trng) theo th t ABC ca tn nhm: Bnh, Ko Mt.
Data Field: vng chnh ca Bng Tng hp ghi kt qu ca mt php ton. Trong v
d ny, s liu ca trng Tin uc a vo v php ton tng kt l ly tng (SUM).
thc hin c bng tng hp trn, ta s dng chc nng PivotTable ca Excel,
cch thc hin nh sau:
a. To mi mt PivotTable
Chn min d liu k c tiu ca cc ct (v d A1:E11)
Vo thc n Data PivotTable and PivotChart Report.
Hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard Step 1 of 3 xut hin.

Hnh 5.20: Hp thoi PivotTable / Bc 1

Kch chn vng d liu bn mun phn tch (Where is the data that you want to
analyze). C bn tu chn:
- Microsoft Excel list or Database: To PivotTable t d liu trong ct trn
Worksheet ang m. (Tu chn ny thng dng)
- Externel data source: To PivotTable t d liu lu trong mt tp khc.
- Multiple Consolidation ranges: To PivotTable t d liu cha trong nhiu
thuc nhiu Worksheet khc nhau.
- Another PivotTable: To PivotTable t d liu thuc mt PivotTable khc trong
cng mt tp Workbook
Kch chn vo PivotTable
83

 Kch chut vo Next, hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard Step 2 of

3 xut hin

Hnh 5.21: Hp thoi PivotTable / Bc 2

- Trong hp Range: Nu cn, sa li a ch ca min d liu bng cch g trc tip

hoc dng chut chn li.
Kch chut vo Next, hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard Step 3 of
3 xut hin.

Hnh 5.22: Hp thoi PivotTable / Bc 3

Kch chn ni bn mun lu kt qu phn tch:

- New worksheet: lu vo mt worksheet mi
- Existing worksheet: lu vo mt worksheet to.
Kch chn vo nt Layout nh dng v tr cc trng trong TablePivot bng
cch ko v th tn trng bn phi hp thoi ti cc vng uc n nh trong bng.

84

Hnh 5.23: Hp thoi Layout

Sau thao tc trn, hp thoi c dng nh hnh

Hnh 5.24: Sp xp v tr cc trng trong Layout

Kch chut vo OK chp nhn.

Kch chut vo Finish hon thnh, ta c bng kt qu sau:

85

Hnh 5.25: Bng kt qu

b. Thc hin cc thay i vi PivotTable to

Thay i v tr cc trng
Chn bt k ca PivotTable
Vo thc n Data PivotTable and PivotChart Repot
Thc hin li cc bc nh khi to mi TablePivot n bc xut hin hp thoi
PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard Step 3 of 3, chn Layout v thc hin thay i v
tr cc trng bng cch dng chut ko v th. Mun xa trng dng chut ko tn
trng cn xa ra khi bng.
Sa tn trng: a con tr v trng cn thit trong PivotTable va to v tin
hnh sa tn nh sa d liu ca bng tnh.
Thay i hm s tnh ton
ch mc nh s liu ca vng Data c ly tng v cc ct hoc hng Total
cng c ly tng. C th thay i cc cch tnh ny bng cc hm s khc nh m
(Count), tnh trung bnh (Average), tm cc i (Max), tm cc tiu (Min),... Cc bc
thc hin nh sau:
Trong PivotTable va to, chn trng trc ta a vo vng Data.
Trn thanh cng c PivotTable (nu khng xut hin thanh cng c PivotTable th
kch chut vo thc n View Toolbars PivotTable), kch chut vo PivotTable
Field Setting hin hp thoi PivotTable Field

86

Hnh 5.26: Hp thoi PivotTable Field

- Chn hm tung ng danh sch Subtotals

Kch chut vo OK hon thnh.
T ng iu chnh PivotTable khi d liu gc thay i

Sau khi sa s liu ca CSDL trn bng tnh

M kt qu tng hp v chn bt k ca PivotTable

Vo thc n Data Refresh Data

Khi s liu tng hp PivotTable s t ng c cp nht.

87

BI 6: TO BIU
T ng to biu t bng s liu l mt trong nhng tnh nng c a thch ca bng
tnh Excel. Cc biu , th lun l nhng hnh nh trc quan y sc thuyt phc,
gip ngi xem c th a ra nhng kt lun cn thit nhanh chng m khng cn gii
thch nhiu. Ngoi vic c th nhanh chng to cc th biu t bng s liu sn c,
bng tnh Excel cn cho php ngi dng nhanh chng thay i cch trnh by, hiu
chnh ng trc, ng biu din, gh ch ty theo yu cu phn tch.
1. Cc bc to biu :
V d: to th theo di tnh hnh thu mua nguyn liu 2007:
Kho 1
Kho 2
Kho 3

Qu 1
80
90
70

Qu 2
170
50
60

Qu 3
150
30
60

1.1 To biu s dng phm chc nng F11

- Chn mt bt k trong bng hoc chn ton b bng d liu
- Nhn phm F11 ta c biu nh sau:

Hnh 6.1: Biu to thnh sau khi nhn phm F11

1.2 To biu s dng tnh nng Chart Wizard trn thanh toolbar
Chn bng d liu, ch chn c hng tiu Qu 1, Qu 2, Qu 3... v ct tn cc
bng tnh lm nhn cho th.

88

Hnh 6.2: Bng d liu cn to s

Chn biu tng

thoi Chart Wizard

trn thanh toolbar hoc lnh Insert - Chart lm xut hin hp

Hnh 6.3: Hp thoi Chart Wizard / Bc 1

ngha cc nt trong hp thoi nh sau:

- Cancel: hu b vic v th
- Next: chuyn sang bc tip theo
- Back: quay tr li bc trc
- Finish: t ng thc hin tt c cc bc cho n kt thc.
89

- Trong phn Chart Type, chn mt kiu th (v d Column). Sau chn mt

mu th trong phn Chart sub-type. Ch rng loi Pie ch p dng cho mt dy s v
thng dng so snh mt vi tt c cc yu t
Kch chut vo Next, xut hin hp thoi ChartWizard - Step 2 of 4 Chart
Source Data. (Hnh 4.3)

Hnh 6.4: Hp thoi Chart Wizard / Bc 2

- Kch chut vo Data range ch ra cc s liu cn biu din trn th. Nu bn

chn ngay t u c th b qua bc ny.
- Trong mc Series in, chn Row hoc Column la chn s liu biu din theo
hng hoc theo ct.
Kch chut vo Next thc hin bc tip theo. Xut hin hp thoi Chart
Wizard Step 3 of 4 Chart Options (Hnh 4.4)

90

Hnh 6.5: Hp thoi Chart Wizard / Bc 3

- Chart title: G tn biu

- Category (X) axis: Ch thch cho trc honh
- Category (Y) axis: Ch thch cho trc tung
Cc th Axes, Gridlines, Legend, Data Labels, Data Table cho php chnh sa cc
ch thch trong bng nh ch thch cc trc, tn cc im
Kch chut vo Next thc hin bc tip theo. Xut hin hp thoi Chart
Wizard Step 4 of 4 Chart Location. (Hnh 4.5)

Hnh 6.6: Hp thoi Chart Wizard / Bc 4

- As New Sheet: Biu c biu din trn mt sheet mi

- As object in: Biu c biu din trn cng sheet vi bng d liu.
Kch chut vo Finish hon thnh
91

2. Hiu chnh biu

2.1 Chnh sa cc i tng
Chn biu cn chnh sa.
Vo thc n Format Chart Type sa kiu biu . Khi chn sa kiu, Excel
s yu cu thc hin li 4 bc nh phn 1.2 to biu mi
Vo thc n Format Source Data chnh sa s liu cho biu
Vo thc n Format Chart Option chnh sa cc tu chn cho biu
-

Th Title: Cho php thay i tiu (ch thch) cho biu v cc trc X, Y

Hnh 6.7: Th Title Tiu s

- Th Axes: Cho php la chn xut hin cc s liu biu din trn trc X, Y

92

Hnh 6.8: Th Axes Biu din s liu trn trc X/Y

- Th Gridlines: Cho php la chn cc ng dng (li) trn biu . Trong ,

Major Gridlines: ng k chnh. Minor Gridlines: ng k ph.

Hnh 6.9: Th Gridlines K ng dng trn s

- Th Legend: Cho php la chn xut hin ch gii trn th v v tr xut hin ch
gii trn biu .

Hnh 6.9: Th Legend Th hin cc ch gii trn biu

93

- Th Data Labels: Cho php la chn xut hin cc gi tr s liu biu din trn biu
.

Hnh 6.10: Th Data Labels Th hin gi tr s liu biu din trn biu

- Th Data Table: Cho php la chn xut hin bng s liu di biu .

Hnh 6.11: Th Data Table Th hin bng s liu gc trn biu

Vo menu Chart / Location thay i v tr t biu .

Vo menu Chart / Add Data b sung thm s liu cho biu .
94

2.2 nh dng biu

Tr chut vo i tng cn thay i nh dng, mu sc trn biu
Vo thc n Format chn tn i tng cn nh dng, s xut hin hp thoi
cho php chnh sa nh dng i tng .

Chart Title

Tnh hnh thu mua nguyn liu

Axis
Data Series

Triu VND

Plot Area

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

170
150

80

Kho 1

90
70
50

60

60
30

Qu 1

Qu 2

Kho 2
Kho 3

Qu 3

Nm 2007

Legend

Chart Area

Hnh 6.12: Tn ting anh ca cc thnh phn trn biu

Trn biu c cc i tng sau c th nh dng:

- Chart Title: Tiu ca biu
- Legend: Ch gii ca biu
- Plot Area: Nn ca biu
- Axis: Trc ca biu
- Data Series: th biu din
- Chart Area: Khung biu
Thay i kch thc: Tr chut vo chm vung sao cho xut hin mi tn hai
u, ko v th n ti v tr mi.
Chuyn i tng: Tr chut vo mt cnh sao cho xut hin
v tr mi.

, ko v th n ti

Xo mt i tung: n phm Delete

Kt thc sa: Tr chut vo vng ngoi th kch tri chut.

95

3. Thay i mu, mu, cc ng, cc ch t v cc ng bin trong

biu :
Nhp p ln mc biu cn thay i, ca s Format Chart Area hin ra

Hnh 6.13: Hp thoi Format Chart Area / Th Pattern

Nhp chn Tab Patterns, v chn cc ty chn v kiu, mu sc, thuc tnh ca
ng bin trong phn Border v mu nn v hiu ng t ca biu trong phn Area
Nhp chn th Font thay i font v mu sc ca k t trong ton b biu

96

Hnh 6.14: Hp thoi Format Chart Area / Th Font

Ta cn c th thay i nh dng cho tng thnh phn trong biu bng cch
nh sau:
+ Chn biu cn chnh sa.
+ a con tr ln thanh tiu nhn chut phi m thanh cng c Chart

Hnh 6.15: Thanh cng c Chart

+ Chn tn thnh phn cn chnh sa trong ca s th xung

Hnh 6.15: Cc thnh phn trong ca s Chart

97

+ Nhn nt Format
nh dng thch hp.

, ty theo i tng c chn m Ms Excel s hin th hp

98

BI 7: TRNH BY TRANG TRONG IN N

1. nh dng trang in:
1.1 nh c giy in v hng in
- Vo thc n File Page Setup. Xut hin hp thoi Page Setup
- Chn th Page
+ Trong phn Orientation, chn Landscape in ngang giy, Portrait in dc
+ Chn c giy trong hp Paper Size: kh giy in thng thng c knh thc l A4
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh

Hnh 7.1: Hp thoi Page Setup / Th Page

1.2 Thay i l trang in

- Mt trang in c cc l nh sau

99

L trn
Vng u trang

L tri

L phi

Vng chn trang

L di

Hnh 7.2: Cc thnh phn chnh trong trang in

* thay i rng cc l ta c th lm theo nhng cch sau y:

+ Cch 1: Vo thc n File Print Preview hoc nhn chut vo biu tng
trn thanh cng c
Trang in s xut hin, v bn ch cn chnh sa cc l bng cch a chut vo cnh
l, gi chut v di l n v tr mong mun
+ Cch 2:
- Vo thc n File Page Setup
- Chn th Margins
100

+ Top: t khong cch cho

L trn (1)
+ Bottom: L di (2)
+ Left: L tri (3)
+ Right: L phi (4)
+ Header: L ca tiu u
trang (5)
+ Footer: L ca tiu cui
trang (6)

(5)
(1)
(3)

(4)

(2)
(6)

- t li khong cch cc l cho ph hp, cn ch rng cc khong cch ny c

tnh bng cm hoc inch ty theo mc nh v h o trong Ms Excel

Hnh 7.3: Hp thoi Page Setup / Th Margins

- Phn Center on Page: cn chnh d liu vo gia hai chiu trong trang in, nh
du chn phn
Horizontally: Chiu ngang trang in
Vertically: Chiu dc trang in
1.3 To tiu u / cui trang
1.3.1. Chn tiu u / cui trang theo mu
- Vo thc n File Page Setup
- Chn th Header /Footer, xut hin danh sch cc mu, ngha ca chng nh sau:
101

+ None ( trng) phn tiu u / cui trang

+ Page 1: In ch Page km theo s trang
+ Page 1 of ?: In ch Page km theo s trang ca tng s trang
Mt mu (sample) xut hin cho ta thy kt qu ca vic chn
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh
1.3.2.To tiu u / cui trang theo yu cu ring
- Vo thc n File Page Setup
- Chn th Header /Footer

Hnh 7.4: Hp thoi Page Setup / Th Header/Footer

- Chn Custom Header hoc Custom Footer, xut hin hp thoi sau (Hnh 6.4)

102

nh s trang

Chn ngy, gi

Chn ng
dn file

Chn tn
file

Chn hnh
nh

Chn Font ch

Phn bn tri
ca tiu

Phn gia ca
tiu

Phn bn phi
ca tiu

Hnh 7.5: Hp thoi Header

- Cn to cho phn no ca tiu a con tr n phn v g vn bn vo hoc

chn cc nt tng ng. V d, to tiu nh cc trang l ca hnh 6.4, ta g vo
Trung tm ITC-VDC ti Left Section v kch chut vo nt Chn Font ch trnh
by kiu, c ch. Lm tng t nh vy vi t Excel Center Section. c s trang
gc phi tiu , ta a con tr v Right Section v chn nt nh s trang
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh.
1.4 Chn / xo du ngt trang
1.4.1 Chn du ngt trang dc v ngang
- Chn ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Vo thc n Insert Page Break: Excel chn du ngt trang (l cc ng k
nt t) trn v bn tri c ch nh.
1.4.2 Ch chn mt du ngt trang ngang
- Chn hng ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Vo thc n Insert Page Break: Excel chn du ngt trang trn hng c
ch nh.
1.4.3 Ch chn mt du ngt trang dc
- Chn ct ni ta mun bt u trang mi.
- Vo thc n Insert Page Break: Excel chn du ngt trang bn tri ct c
ch nh.
1.4.4 Xo mt du ngt trang
- Chn bt k ngay pha di du ngt trang ngang hoc ngay bn phi du ngt
trang dc.
103

- Vo thc n Insert Remove Page Break

1.4.5 Xo tt c cc du ngt trang
- Chn ton b bng tnh.
- Vo thc n Insert Remove Page Break
1.5. Thit lp ch in li dng tiu khi sang trang in mi
cc bng tnh ln, mi khi sang trang, trnh phi g li cc tiu , ta lm nh
sau:
- Vo thc n File Page Setup
- Chn Sheet, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh

Hnh 7.6: Hp thoi Page Setup / Th Sheet

- Nu cn lp li cc hng tiu , trong khung Rows to Repeat at Top in vo s

th t ca chng.
- Nu cn lp li cc ct bn tri bng tnh trong khung Columns to Repeat at Left
in vo s th t ca chng.
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh.
Lu : Ta ch thy tiu lp li khi chn biu tng Print Preview (knh lp) hoc
khi in ra giy.
104

1.6. Khng in li c sn ca bng tnh

Excel ch in khung cho cc do ta k m khng in li c sn cho cc khc ca
bng tnh, ta lm nh sau:
- Vo thc n File Page Setup, chn th Sheet
- B du chn x ti Grid
- Kch chut vo OK hon thnh
2. In n
2.1 t cc la chn in n
Trc khi in nn:
- Vo thc n File Print Preview (hoc kch chut vo biu tng Print
Preview) xem b cc (hnh th) bng tnh
- Kim tra xem my in sn sng cha ( ni vi my tnh cha, bt cha,
np giy cha v.v).
in ton b bng tnh, chn biu tng Print trn thanh cng c chun.
in tng phn bng tnh:
- Vo thc n File Print. Xut hin hp thoi nh hnh

Hnh 7.7: Hp thoi Print

+ Selections: In mt khi c chn trc .

+ Selected Sheet(s): In mt hoc nhm bng tnh
105

+ Entire Workbook: In ton b tp bng tnh

+ Pages: In mt dy cc trang: in vo s th t ca trang u dy trong From, s
th t ca trang cui trong To
2.2 In ring biu / th
- Nhp chut vo biu cn in trc khi m hp thoi Print. Ms Excel s t ng chn
mc Selected Chart trong mc Print What

Hnh 7.4: La chn in ring biu / th

Nhn OK ra lnh in

106

BI 8: MT S BI TON PHN TCH KINH T VI M HNH NG

Thng thng, trong Excel ta thng ch thc hin cc bi ton phn tch vi s liu
tnh. Nhng trong thc t, cc s liu lun thay i, i hi chng ta phi phn tch bi
ton theo m hnh ng d on trc cc kt qu c th ca bi ton. Excel cho
chng ta mt s cng c nh sau gii quyt nhng vn trn:
1. Phn tch nhy mt chiu:
nh ngha: Bi ton phn tch vi mt bin s u vo bin i c gi l phn tch
nhy mt chiu:
Bi ton: Mt sn phm vi mua l 8 ngn , tin li = gi bn gi mua, hy tnh tin
li khi gi bn thay i l 10, 11, 12, 13 ngn
Cc bc gii ton:
B1: Nhp bng tnh vi cc s liu ca bi ton nh sau:

B2: Chn ton b bng tnh (C2:G4) (khng chn phn ch)
B3: Chn thc n data table
B4: Trong ca s table hin ra, ta chn bin s c gi tr thay i theo dng Row input
cell ( y l gi bn $C$2), ri nhn OK

Kt qu thu c s nh sau:

107

2. Phn tch nhy hai chiu:

nh ngha: Bi ton phn tch vi hai bin s u vo bin i c gi l phn tch
nhy hai chiu:
Bi ton: Cng bi ton trn, nhng c gi bn v gi mua cng thay i, vi gi bn ln
lt l7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ngn v gi mua l 5,7,9,11,12
Cc bc gii ton:
B1: Lp hai bng nh sau: trong C13=C11-C12; B16=C13
B2: Chn ton b bng B16:G21
B3: B3: Chn thc n data table
B4: Trong ca s table hin ra, ta chn bin s c gi tr thay i theo dng Row input
cell ( y l gi bn $C$11), v gi tr thay i theo ct Colum input cell ( y l gi
mua $C$12), ri nhn OK

Kt qu thu c s nh sau:

3. Scenario:
nh ngha: Bi ton phn tch vi nhiu bin s u vo thay i
Bi ton: Tnh li trn c s cc thng s gi bn, gi mua v tin cng l 10, 8, 1 11, 7,
2 15, 12, 2
Cc bc gii ton:
108

B1: Lp bng s liu nh sau, vi li = gi bn gi mua tin cng

B2: Chn ton b bng B25:C28

B3: Chn tool Scenario
B4: Nhn add trong bng Scenario manager

B5: Trong scenario name: t tn cho scenario vo, trong hp changing cell (gi ctrl)
ri chn cc c bin thay i, v nhn OK

109

B6: Ghi gi tr tng ng vo hp thoi theo bi, ri nhn OK

B7: Trong bng scenario manager, chn tn truong hop 1 ri nhn show,
Bng tnh s chuyn thnh nh sau:

4. Goal Seek:
nh ngha: Bi ton phn tch tm bin s i s t c gi tr cho trc
Bi ton: Tnh gi mua sn phm t c mc li l 2 ngn ng, vi gi bn l 10
ngn ng
Cc bc gii ton:
B1: Lp bng nh sau, vi C34=C32-C33

B2: Chn khong C32:C34

110

B3: Vo tool Goal Seek, trong bng Goal seek hin ra, in cc thng s: Set cell: C34
(Li), To value: 2 (li mong mun l 2 ngn ng), by changing cell: C33 (tm gi mua)

Nhn OK, kt qu thu c nh sau:

Nhn OK, bng kt qu thu c l:

5. Solver:
nh ngha: Bi ton phn tch tm bin s i s t c gi tr cho trc vi cc
iu kin rng buc
Bi ton: Tnh lng thuc tim v thuc vin sn xut t c mc li nhun cao
nht, bit rng:
-

Vi thuc tim: gi thnh sn phm l 60.000, gi bn 100.000, nng lc sn xut

ti a l 5000sp

Vi thuc vin: gi thnh sn phm l 40.000, gi bn l 65.000, nng lc sn

xut ti a l 10.000sp

Chi ph sn xut khng vt qu 500.000.000

a cng c solver vo Tool:

Thao tc:
111

B1. Nhp chut vo ch Tools trn thanh menu.

B2. Nhp chut vo ch Add-Ins, khi mt ca s s hin ra

B3. Nhp chut chn Solver Add-Ins.

B4. Nhp chut vo nt OK, khi trong Tools s c hng Solver.
Cc bc gii ton:
B1: Lp cc bng tnh biu hin quan h ph thuc ca bi ton nh sau:

Trong C43=F39*D39+F40*D40
C45=(F39*E39+F40*E40)- (F39*D39+F40*D40)
B2: Vo Tool Solver
Trong bng Solver, ta khai bo nh sau:

112

Set Target Cell: ch vo C45 (li nhun)

Equal to: chn Max (tm li nhun ln nht)
By Changing Cell: c hai i s cn tm l F39, F40 - s lng ca hai sn phm
Subject to the contrainst: iu kin rng buc: thm iu kin ta nhn vo add
Trong bng add constraint hin ra:

Cell reference: ch vo cn tha mn iu kin

Constraint: ch iu kin i vi
Nhn OK. Ri bm add cho n khi in iu kin cui cng
B3: Nhn Solver
Bng kt qu hin ra nh sau:

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Nhn chn Keep solver solution nu mun lu kt qu tnh ton, hoc Restore original
values nu mun gi kt qu ban u.

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