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1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn tnh Bnh nh Lin lc : 0905 27 1813
x
?
9
20
H
C
B
A
x
2x
8cm
60
H
C
B
A
10 cm
1cm
D
C
B
A
x
4 10
4
D
C
B
A
H THC LNG CC BI TON HAY
( su tm t cc vng thi Olypic u tin- lp 9)
Bi 1:Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH. Bit AB = 20cm, HC = 9cm.
Tnh di AH.
Li gii s lc:
t BH = x. p dng h thc lng trong tam gic
ABC vung A, c ng cao AH ta c:
AB
2
= BH. BC hay 20
2
= x(x + 9).
Thu gn ta c phng trnh : x
2
+ 9x 400 = 0
Gii phng trnh ny ta c x
1
= 16; x
2
= 25 (loi)
Dng nh l Pitago tnh c AH = 12cm
Lu : Gii PT bc 2 nn dng my tnh gii cho nhanh.
Thuc mt s b ba s Pitago cng tt mau chng ghi kt qu
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC ,

0
60 B = , BC = 8cm; AB + AC = 12cm . Tnh di cnh AB.
Li gii s lc:
K AH BC. t AB = 2x. T tnh c BH = x v
AH = x 3 ; HC = 8 x
p dng nh l Pitago ta cho tam gic AHC vung ti H
Ta c: AC =
( )
( )
2
2
3 8 x x + =
2
4 16 64 x x +
Do AB + AC = 12 nn 2x +
2
4 16 64 x x + = 12
Gii PT trn ta c : x = 2,5
AB = 2.2,5 = 5cm
Ch : Ta cng tnh c chu vi tam gic ABC = 20cm .
Din tch tam gic ABC = 10 3 cm.
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c BD l phn gic. Bit rng AD = 1cm;
BD = 10 cm. Tnh di cnh BC (nhp kt qu di dng s thp phn)
Bi gii s lc
p dng nh l Pitago tnh c AB = 3cm.
t BC = x , dng Pitago tnh c AC =
2
9 x .
Do AD = 1 nn DC =
2
9 x 1 x
Tam gic ABC c BD l phn gic gc ABC nn :

AB AD
BC DC
= hay
2
3 1
9 1
x
x
=

. T ta c phng trnh 8x
2
6x 90 = 0
X dng my tnh tm c x = 3,75cm
Tr li : BC = 3,75cm
Bi 4: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A; BD l phn gic . Bit AD = 4cm;
BD = 4 10 cm . Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
(Nhp kt qu di dng phn s)
- Hng dn: Gii ging nh bi 3. Ch nhp kt qu
theo yu cu.
Bi 5: Cho hnh thang cn ABCD, y ln CD = 10cm, y nh bng ng
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1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn tnh Bnh nh Lin lc : 0905 27 1813
10cm
X
X
H K
D
C
B
A
2x
12
15,6
// //
K
H
C
B
A
y
x
108 cm
2
108cm
2
D
C
B A
cao, ng cho vung gc vi cnh bn . Tnh di ng cao ca
hnh thang cn .
Bi gii s lc:
K AH CD ; BK CD. t AH = AB = x HK = x
AAHD = ABKC (cnh huyn- gc nhn)
Suy ra : DH = CK =
10
2
x
.
Vy HC = HK + CK = x +
10
2
x
=
10
2
x +
p dng h thc lng cho tam gic ADC vung A c ng cao AH
Ta c : AH
2
= DH . CH hay
2
10 10
.
2 2
x x
x
+
= 5x
2
= 100
Gii phng trnh trn ta c x = 2 5 v x = 2 5 (loi)
Vy : AH = 2 5
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, ng cao ng vi cnh y c di
15,6cm, ng cao ng vi cnh bn di 12cm. Tnh di cnh y BC.
Bi gii s lc:
t BC = 2x, t tnh cht ca tam gic cn ta suy ra CH = x
p dng nh l Pitago tnh c AC =
2 2
15, 6 x +
T hai tam gic vung KBC v HAC ng dng ta c:

BC KB
AC AH
= hay
2 2
2 12
15, 6
15, 6
x
x
=
+
a v phng trnh 15,6
2
+ x
2
= 6,76x
2
Gii phng trnh trn ta c nghim dng x = 6,5
Vy BC = 2.6,5 = 13(cm)
Bi 7: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :
A = cos
2
1
0
+ cos
2
2
0
+ cos
2
3
0
+ . . . . + cos
2
87
0
+ cos
2
88
0
+ cos
2
89
0

1
2
Hng dn: + = 90
0
sin = cos ; cos = sin ; ..... v cos45
0
=
2
2
ta c:
A = cos
2
1
0
+ cos
2
2
0
+ cos
2
3
0
+ . . . . + cos
2
87
0
+ cos
2
88
0
+ cos
2
89
0

1
2
= (cos
2
1
0
+ cos
2
89
0
) + (cos
2
2
0
+ cos
2
88
0
) + ....+(cos
2
44
0
+ cos
2
46
0
)+cos
2
45
0

1
2

= (cos
2
1
0
+ sin
2
1
0
) + (cos
2
2
0
+ sin
2
2
0
) + .... + (cos
2
44
0
+ sin
2
44
0
) +
2
2
2
| |
|
|
\ .

1
2

= 1.44 = 44
Bi tp tng t: Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) B = sin
2
1
0
+ sin
2
2
0
+ sin
2
3
0
+ . . . . + sin
2
87
0
+ sin
2
88
0
+ sin
2
89
0

1
2
.
b) C = tg
2
1
0
. tg
2
2
0
. tg
2
3
0
. . . . tg
2
87
0
. tg
2
88
0
. tg
2
89
0
.
c) D = (tg
2
1
0
: cotg
2
89
0
) + (tg
2
2
0
: cotg
2
88
0
) + . . . . + (tg
2
44
0
: cotg
2
46
0
) + tg
2
45
0
.
Bi 8: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch 108cm
2
. Bit AB BC = 3cm. Tnh chu vi
ca hnh ch nht ABCD ?
Hng dn: t AB = x (cm) v BC = y(cm) vi x >y. Tnh x v y ri suy
www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn tnh Bnh nh Lin lc : 0905 27 1813
= =
//
//
F
E
D
C
B A
b
c
a
// //
2
1
1
M
D
I
C
B
A
ra chu vi ca hnh ch nht bng 2(x + y)
Cch 1: Ta c S
ABCD
= x.y hay x.y = 108
T x y = 3 . Suy ra (x y)
2
= 9 hay (x + y)
2
4xy = 9 (1)
Thay xy = 108 vo (1) ta c (x + y)
2
= 441 x + y = 21
Kt hp vi gi thit x y = 3 ta c kt qu x = 12 v y = 9
Vy chu vi ca hnh ch nht l 2(12 + 9) = 42 cm
Cch 2: T x y = 3 y = x 3 thay vo ng thc x. y = 108 ta c phng trnh:
x (x 3) = 108 x
2
3x 108 = 0 (1)
x
2
12x + 9x 108 = 0
( x 12)(x + 9) = 0
Nghim dng ca phng trnh x = 9. T tm y v tr li kt qu.
Lu : Gii phng trnh (1) trn my tnh a ra kt qu nhanh hn.
Bi tp tng t: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c din tch 504 dm
2
.Bit AB AC = 47dm.
Tnh di AB v AC.
Hng dn: AB = x ; AC = y ta c: x y = 47 v x.y = 1008 . T ta c phng trnh:
x
2
47x 1008 = 0. Nghim dng trn my tnh x = 63
Tr li: AB = 63 cm ; AC = 16cm
Bi 9: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, BC = 3 5 cm. Hnh vung ADEF cnh bng 2 cm c
D e AB , E e BC , F e AC. Bit AB > AC v
4
9
ADEF ABC
S S = . Tnh AB ; AC.
Hng dn: t AB = x , AC = y( x > y > 0). Ta c x
2
+ y
2
=
( )
2
3 5 = 45. (1)
Hnh vung ADEF c cnh bng 2 nn 4
ADEF
S =
M
4
9
ADEF ABC
S S = nn S
ABC
= 9.Do : x.y = 18 hay 2xy =36(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra: (x + y)
2
= 81 v (x y)
2
= 9
Do x > y > 0 nn x + y = 9 v x y = 3
Vy x = 6 v y = 3. Tr li: AB = 6 (cm) v AC = 3 (cm)
Bi 10: Cho tam gic ABC vung A, AB < AC; Gi I l giao im cc ng phn gic ,
M l trung im BC. Cho bit

0
90 BIM = .
Tnh BC : AC : AB ?
Hng dn: Ch

0
90 BIM = ; I l giao im cc ng phn gic
ta tnh c

0
45 DIC = , t chng minh c BC = 2CD
v AB = 2AD. X dng tnh cht ng phn gic BD
kt hp vi nh l pitago ta tm c mi quan h gia 1
ba cnh tam gic.
Li gii:
t BC = a ; AC = b ; AB =c ; D = BI AC .


2 1 1
I B C = + (gc ngoi tam gic BIC)
=

( )
1
2
ABC ACB + =
0 0
1
.90 45
2
= (do BI v CI l phn gic ca cc gc B v C v A ABC
vung A); kt hp vi gi thit

0
90 BIM = ta c

0
1
45 I = . Vy ACIM = ACID (g.c.g)
Do : CM = CD m BC = 2CM nn BC = 2CD hay a = 2CD. (1)
BD l phn gic ca tam gic ABC nn
AB AD
BC DC
= hay
AB BC
AD CD
= = 2.
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1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn tnh Bnh nh Lin lc : 0905 27 1813
A
/
/
//
//
6
9
N
M
C
B
// //
10
13
K
H
C B
A
Vy AB = 2AD hay c = 2AD. (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c a + c = 2CD + 2AD = 2(CD + AD) = 2AC = 2b (3)
M a
2
c
2
= b
2
hay (a c)(a + c) = b
2
kt hp vi a + c = 2b ta c a c =
2
b
(4)
Cng (3) v (4) v theo v ta c 2a =
5
2
b
. Vy a =
5
4
b
. Do c =
3
4
b
.
Vy a : b : c =
5 3
: :
4 4
b b
b =
5 3
:1:
4 4
= (
5
.4
4
): (1.4) : (
3
4
.4) = 5 : 4 : 3
Tr li: BC : AC : AB = 5 : 4 : 3
Lu : Bi ton ny c trch t Quyn Nng cao v pht trin Ton 9- V Hu Bnh c sa
i ph hp vi thi trc nghim.
Bi 11: Tnh di cnh AB ca tam gic ABC vung ti A c hai ng trung tuyn AM v
BN ln lt bng 6 cm v 9 cm.
Hng dn:
t AB = x ; AN = y AC = 2y.
p dng tnh cht ng trung tuyn trong tam gic vung ng vi cnh huyn ta c
BC = 2AM = 2.6 = 12 cm
Dng nh l Pitago cho hai tam gic vung ABC v ABN vung ti A
Ta c: x
2
+ 4y
2
= 144 (1) v x
2
+ y
2
= 81 y
2
= 81 x
2
(2)
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c phng trnh :
x
2
+ 4( 81 x
2
) = 144
Thu gn phng trnh trn ta c phng trnh : 3x
2
= 180
Nghim dng ca phng trnh : x = 2 5
Tr li: AB = 2 5 cm
Bi 12: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c AB = AC = 13cm ; BC = 10cm . Tnh cos A .
Hng dn: K cc ng cao AH v BK . T tnh cht ca tam gic cn
v nh l Pi ta go ta tnh c CH = 5cm ; AH = 12 cm
X dng cp tam gic ng dng KCB v HCA ta tnh c
CK =
50
13
AK =
119
13
Vy cos A =
AK
AB
=
119
13
: 13 =
119
169
Tr li: cos A =
119
169
---HT---