CHNG8

HAKEO

ThS.NGUYENHUUSON

1.MTSKHINiM
1.1.Hphntn
Cht phn tn
Mi trng phn tn

Ngi ta chia h phn tn lm 2 loi

H ng th
H vi d th

phn tn

1
D=
a

1.MTSKHINiM
1.2.Phnloihphntn
a. Phn loi da trn trng thi tp hp ca cc
pha
Nu mi trng phn tn l rn: Xerosol
R/R: b tng
L/R: t bo, tri cy
K/R :bng gn

Nu mi trng phn tn l lng (L): Liosol

R/L huyn ph
L/L nh tng
K/L soda,nc ngt

1.MTSKHINiM
1.2.Phnloihphntn
a. Phn loi da trn trng thi tp hp ca cc
pha
Nu mi trng phn tn l kh ( K): Aserosol
R/K bi
L/K sng m
K/K khi, hng thm trong khng kh

b. Phn loi da trn mc lin kt gia pha

phn tn v mi trng phn tn
H keo u lu: fA-S > fA-A, fS-S
H keo ght lu: fA-S < fA-A, fS-S

1.MTSKHINiM
1.2.Phnloihphntn
c. Phn loi da trn trng thi tp hp ca cc
pha
H phn tn th: > 10-5 cm
H keo:10-5n 10-7 cm
Dung dch: < 10-7 cm
d. Phn loi theo s ng nht
H n phn tn: ng u
H a phn tn: khng ng u

2.HKEO
2.1.Khinim

Cchtckchthclnhnphntvionnhng
khnglncthquanstcbngknhhinvi
quanghccgilcchtkeo
Htkeolmthphctptonnbimtslngln
khongt103n105nguynt,ckhilngkhong
104109vC
Mthkeolunlunbaogmcchtkeogilcht
phntnvmtchtlmmitrngphntn

2.HKEO
2.2.Phnloihkeo

Da trn trng thi vt l ca ht keo v mi trng phn tn

H

Sngm

Mitrngphn Chtphn
tn
tn
Kh
Lng

Loih
aerosollng

Khi

Kh

Rn

aerosolrn

Sa

Lng

Lng

Nhtng

Sn

Lng

Rn

Dungdchkeo

Hpkim

Rn

Rn

Dungdchkeorn

Kem

Lng

Kh

Bt

Da vo hnh dng ca ht keo: dng khng gian 3 chiu

ging nh qu bng, dng khng gian hai chiu ging nh
tm phim, dng khng gian mt chiu nh si ch

2.HKEO
2.3.Cutohtkeo

Nhnkeo:ltinhthionrtnh,hocmtnhmphnt,hoc
chcthlmtphntkchthcln

Lpiontoth:lpionhpphtrnnhnkeo

Lpionhpph:lpionnghch

Lpionkhuchtn

2.HKEO
2.3.Cutohtkeo

m
(1 )

(1 ):
(2 ):
(3 ):
(4 ):

(2 )

(3 )

(4 )

n h a n
l p i o n q u y e t n h t h e h i e u
l p i o n n g h c h h a p p h u
l p i o n n g h c h k h u e c h t a n

2.HKEO
2.3.Cutohtkeo
KhostqutrnhhnhthnhkeoAgIbngcchngitachott
KIvodungdchAgNO3:

AgNO3+KIKNO3+AgI

Khi thiu KI: Lc ny ht keo tch in dng.

2.HKEO
2.3.Cutohtkeo

Khi tha KI: Lc ny ht keo tch in m

K +

I.

m
(1 )

(1 ):
(2 ):
(3 ):
(4 ):

(2 )

(3 )

K +
(4 )

n h a n
l p i o n q u y e t n h t h e h i e u
l p i o n n g h c h h a p p h u
l p i o n n g h c h k h u e c h t a n

3.PHNGPHPIUCHHKEO
iu kin hnh thnh h keo:
- Cht phn tn v mi trng phn tn khng tan vo nhau hay tan
rt t
- Ht keo phi c mt lp hp ph v c cht n nh gi cho h
keo khng b tch pha gy nn s keo t. Cht n nh thng s
dng l cht hot ng b mt hay bng phn ng ha hc to
ra cht n nh
Cc phng php iu ch:
Phng php phn tn
Phng php ngng t

3.PHNGPHPIUCHHKEO
3.1. Phng php phn tn
Phng php c hc
Phng php siu m: Ngi dng nhng bc sng cc ngn
c tn s 20.000 50.000 Hz bn b nhng ht to thnh
nhng ht nh hn
Phng php h quang: Dng mt dng in c hiu in th
ln ha hi cht phn tn
Phng php keo tn: y l mt qu trnh ngc vi qu trnh
keo t, tc l ngi ta dng mt nhn t no phn tn khi
keo t tr li mi trng phn tn
Bin php ra gii
Bng cht in ly

3.PHNGPHPIUCHHKEO
3.2. Phng php ngng t
L qu trnh ngng t h keo l qu trnh kt tinh t dung dch qu
bo ha. Qu trnh ny gm 2 giai on:

Cq Cb

- Giai on to mm tinh th

V1 = k1x

- Giai on pht trin mm

DS
V2 =
(Cq C b )

Nu V1 > V2: H n phn tn.

Nu V1 < V2 : H a phn tn.

Cb

3.PHNGPHPIUCHHKEO
3.2. Phng php ngng t
a. Phng php vt l
- Ngng t trc tip: khi thay i cc thng s trng thi ca h
- S thay th dung mi: Cng nh trn khi thay i thng s
trng thi
b. Phng php ha hc
Nhm phng php ha hc ny cng da trn nguyn tc
to tng mi bng cch ngng t cc cht t dung dch qu
bo ha
AgNO3 + KI AgI + KNO3

3.PHNGPHPIUCHHKEO
3.3. Tinh ch h keo
a. Phng php thm tch

b. Phng php in thm tch

Phng php in thm tch dng mt phng tin thc
y qu trnh trao i cht nhanh hn bng in trng
c. Phng php siu lc

4.SKEOT
4.1. Keo t bi yu t vt l
Tc ng c hc
S thay i nhit

4.2. Keo t bi cht in ly

-Ngng keo t: l nng ti thiu ca cht in ly cn thit
gy ra s keo t vi mt tc n nh, n v ca n l
mMol/l
- Ion cht in ly gy ra s keo t l ion tri du vi ion quy
nh th hiu
- Trong cng mt in tch ion no c bn knh cng ln tit din
b mt cng cao th s tng tc vi ion quy nh th hiu cng
mnh

5.TNHCHTHKEO
5.1. Tnh cht in hc
Tnh cht in di
Tnh in thm
Tnh sa lng
Tnh chy

5.2. Tnh cht quang hc

a. Tnh phn tn nh sng
Trng hp phn x nh sng
Trng hp tn x nh sng
b. Tnh hp th nh sng
IL=I0.e-kd

5.TNHCHTHKEO
5.3. Tnh cht ng hc

Tnh chuyn ng nhit

Tnh khuch tn
Tnh thm thu