Asia Urbs Project PHL-3-17 Final Report 2 Workpackage 2 (Geographic Information Systems/GIS) 2.

1 Working group members The members of the working group Geographic Information Systems: Dinant City: Jean-Pierre van Oudenhouve, Geographer Michel Maurer, Deputy Mayor Dinant City Christophe Goffin, Cartographer Dinant City Laurent Adam, Secretary Dinant City FUNDP: Franoise Orban-Ferauge, GIS expert Jean-Pierre Van Oudenhove, Geographer Cagayan de Oro City: Joyce Caete, Julius Bona, Alan Abucejo, Donah Marie Achas

2.2 Belgian collaboration with Cagayan de Oro GIS 2.2.1 Replication of community mapping activities The Belgian partners assisted Cagayan de Oro in the replication of the community mapping activities from Bugo to Lapasan and Gusa pilot sites through two visits (June and August, see F. Orban time sheet and report) and regular e-mail question/answers. According to the planning agreed last February 2003 (see graph 1- first intermediate report) the collaboration has deepened regarding the social concern while having continued to assist CDO in replicating community mapping activities in the three pilot zones of the project.

Graph1:

2.2.2 The social map modeling We used simulated variables to build the Social Map model that will introduce a social approach within the CLUP. The objective is to analyze social potentialities for the project (Allotment gardening and Solid Waste Management) implementations. After the suitability map model (see first intermediate report) that considers environmental and physical aspects, the social map will integrate within the GIS process social concerns to define the best locations for the project applications. As Barangay Bugo had been selected as experimentation zone on the basis of its accurate and available data at the early beginning of the project. In order to compare the Social Map with the Suitability Map from year 1, we decided to consider the same area for the second and the third model. On the basis of a social survey conducted by Cagayan de Oro partners for Barangay Bugo (see list of variables data set 1: first intermediate report), we built a raster layer that will be combined with the Community Map in order to produce a Social Map. Use of social survey: In close collaboration with CDO city a social survey was conducted to get the spatial definition of the community settlement composing the Barangay and to characterize the community profile of each settlement. The data are integrated in a shape file wherein every survey variable is attached as an attribute to a specific community zone. The Bugo shape file is used to identify the communities that have the highest capability to implement waste segregation and allotment gardening. According to their representativity the following variables were selected from the social survey (for each settlement zone): skills, allotment gardening awareness, integrated solid waste management awareness, income, employment (main occupation). These variables were used to classify the zones in order to identify the areas with the highest social potential for success. Based on our own knowledge of the local context we attributed different weights to each variables and our classifier assigned a value per community zone. These output values estimated the potential for the communities for implement allotment gardening and solid waste management. Comparatively to the suitability map we affect an output value to each geographic cell of the social survey zones (Survey Based Social Indicator, sbSI) . The polygon zones have been digitized based on the build up areas wherein the communities are living. Therefore, to be able to compare the Social Map with the Suitability Map that covers a wilder area and to avoid the exclusion of a potential Allotment Garden area outside the communities zones, we had to find a technical way to define a value for all geographic cells around the communities zones. In order to solve this area coverage problem we assume that the lowest value of sbSI will be assigned to the farthest location while the highest value will be assigned to the closest location. We propose that a linear decay function will make the sbSI decrease from the community polygons to the farthest locations. This decay applied only outside the polygons must be consistent with the value of the sbSI so that the farthest location around the communities areas should be considered as from low interest for allotment gardening in term of social perspective. Technically, we multiply sbSI indicator by the decay value calculated as above. Thanks to that, we can define a social value for each geographic location covering a fixed spatial buffer around the community zones.

Use of community mapping activity: The objective is to integrate into the social model some new data coming directly from the communities as they present what ever they wanted to tell to the city and not what we expected them to draw Processing of the digitized community map: The community maps were introduced in GIS database by CDO as many shape files presenting points, lines and polygons. All new features were digitized in a new GIS layer. At the beginning of their processing, we merged all point features into one single point layer and we did the same for the lines and the polygons. Computing of the Community map information into a new raster layer that will integrate the expectations of the people into the model: Our postulate was to define the most attractive area for the communities as the area where they drawn many significant features. The areas highlighted by the communities are those where all the activities are concentrated and where the population may want to implement an allotment garden if possible. Based on this postulate, we calculated a density of interest of the local communities through the interpretation of their mental representation of their territory. We decide to classify the features into different categories and to attribute different weights to each category. Features Urban agriculture Solid waste management Territory management Social developpement Religious features Leisure Other (mall, market, ) Weight 30 20 15 10 10 5 10

As the selected weight will affect the simulation, the final weight will be fixed by CDO partners who know better than us whats are the most significant features regarding to the social live of the local populations. By classifying all features into the seven categories the features are no more spatial objects but geographic weighted points. By using those points and assigned values as basis for density calculation function we can define for the entire surface covered by the community map a Density of Interest Indicator (DII) that represents how much the land is important in their social live. Output Maps: Preliminary remark: spatial problems As regards the problem that the spatial extend of the community map is limited to Villa Trinitas, small part of Barangay Bugo, the resulting layer density of interest will never be relevant for a Bugo Social Map supposed to cover the whole barangay. Moreover the chosen replication sites for allotment gardening in Villa Trinitas Community Map are not connectable with the other zones of Bugo barangay because the community map does not cover these zones. As a solution, we proposed to produce two different social maps. A very accurate one for Villa Trinitas

(Covered by the community map) and another one for the entire Bugo which will be based on the social survey only. Survey and Community - based social map: According to what is here above, we processed a social map for Villa Trinitas on the basis of the 3 following components: sbSI is the value attributed to each zone based on social survey variable classification. DII represent the density of interest indicator layer build through classification of the community mapping features. AG is a layer that gives additional value to areas that have been chosen by the communities as replication areas for allotment gardening while , , , are the calibration parameters. sbSI + DII + AG

Figure 1: Survey-CM-based Social Map

Survey - based social map As for Barangay Bugo no Community map is available for the whole barangay, we propose a calibrated map using the sbSI calculated with the social survey.

Figure2: Survey-Based social map

After sharing with CDO GIS staff, as well as with the Barangay LGU, it appears that the comparison between the two social maps would emphasize the necessity to cover the whole surface with the community map and to consult each community about their expectations. 2.2.3 Building a Comprehensive Land Use Plan

The last month of the project were spent to solve problems trough e-mail communication in order to process the two existing models with real data. This step was finished before the January 2004 last conference. We also built the last model to analyze and to integrate the environmental and the social aspect into a Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) that will consist in different scenarios applying different priorities. This last model was established through the following methodology: Building an intermediate map for analysis: An Analysis Map was realized to emphasize the difference between the two approaches and to visualize the impact of each one on the final result. This was made by subtracting the two raster layers after normalizing the values. In fact after applying the two models the values of each map are so different that we can not compare them anymore. While the suitability map have values going from 50 to 30 000, the social map has values going from 4 to 345 (simulated maps). In order to subtract them we converted the two raster layers into 0 to 1 value by normalization process using this equation: (Value of the pixel) / (maximum value of the raster)

After normalization of the two maps we compute the final indicator that will be used as for the analysis map: Normalized (Suitability Map) Normalized (Social Map)

Figure 3: Analysis map

The result highlights the places where the two approaches have the same values and the places where there are some conflicts between the two approaches. Those conflict zones will keep all our attention because they will be the flexibility for the decision makers to prioritize social or environmental aspects of allotment gardening. Building a CLUP: In order to leave the final decision to the politics, we propose a scenarios procedure that will allow them to select any according to their priorities. As applications, we processed three optional scenarios by changing the weights A and B within the equation:

A Suitability Map + B Social Map

By applying successively different percentages as weight to each variable it results three rasters that present for every pixel a weighted Allotment Gardening Indicator (AGI). AGI expresses the urban agricultural potential for each pixel. This process is called the Pixel Integration.

Scenario Pixel Integration 1 Pixel Integration 2 Pixel Integration 3

Suitability Map 70 % 50 % 30 %

Social Map 30 % 50 % 70 %

Figure 4: Pixel integration 3

Among the areas that show the highest AGI pixel value, some lots will be identify accordingly to the expertise of PUVEP office (Peri Urban Vegetable Project). A mean indicator is calculated for each lot on the basis of its pixel AGI value. This mean indicator will be ranked to finally attribute to each lot a number showing its rank compared to other possible parcels. This process is called the Parcel Integration and it will produce three optional CLUP, in relation with the three foreseen scenarios, mapping all proposed parcels for the Barangay area with an attribute number according to their rank.

Figure 5: Proposed parcel integration

Figure 6: proposed CLUP 3

On the same layout we display all additional data gathered through Cluster Mapping and Community Mapping Activities. This merged mapped integration may be viewed as a CLUP that could directly be used as powerful discussion tool for Local Governmental Unit to empower discussion and dialog with the communities to implement Allotment Gardening Activities and Solid Waste Management in any Barangay. Indeed, LGU will recognize the technical map coming from the city government, and communities will recognize information they drew during the community mapping activities. The project highlighted the role of this process to facilitate the dialog between the communities and the LGU.

The GIS process has to remain neutral being considered from both sides as an objective technical proposition integrating the concerns and main issues of the debate.

Remark:
After the suitability map and the social map process it was hoped, as additional objective, that an economical map (Production Model) would integrate economical aspects of the implementation of allotment gardening in a comprehensive land use plan. On one hand, the lack of existing economical data, time constraints, conducted to the abortion of this extra-objective. On the other hand, in order to consolidate the participative approach, we decided to emphasize the Community Mapping activities. 2.3 FUNDP collaboration with Dinant GIS 2.3.1 Developing Dinant city GIS to set up a technical sustainable partnership with CDO GIS office: To enable the technical partnership between the two cities we conducted additional activities in Dinant to transfer all data and all GIS activities of the city into a new software compatible with the Cagayan de Oro GIS software. The following steps summarize all activities realized in Dinant during the two years of the Asia Urbs project. All details have been deeply explained in the previous reports. Data transfer: The existing data of the former GIS system of Dinant City were transferred into the ArcView system previously used by Cagayan de Oros GIS officers. This transfer made the Dinant GIS compatible with Cagayan de Oro but also with one of the regional governments of Belgium: Region Wallonne (see first intermediate report). Data collecting and database improvement: The new GIS database has been improved through data collecting from the Region Wallonne and other sectors and through the development of new tools in regards of the needs of the city for its territory management. As a first step, data were used to develop tools that were previously available in the former system. As a second step, new tools were designed in accordance with citys specific needs (see first intermediate report, section 2.4) Transfer of former GIS activities into the new system: Dinants GIS was integrated within the daily activities of the land planning process. This steps required many data checking and updating to avoid any error on output results. All models developed can be replicated and were applied to the urban context in Dinant and Cagayan de Oro through several implementations (see second intermediate report).

Setting up a sustainable GIS team: In order to sustain the partnership and the improved technical training, we defined new responsibilities within the GIS team of Dinant city. This new organization strengthens officers involvement because they were forced to shared competence and knowledge. All new layers will be updated and used in the future under the supervision of one officer, so that all staff will have to group their expertise for any new project.