Chng 1

Biu ni lc

1.1. Tm tt l thuyt

1a. Chuyn 1a: BIU NI LC - Phng php mt ct bin thin

Cc bc thc hin:
1. Gii phng lin kt v xc nh cc phn lc lin kt (nu cn thit)
2. Chia on thanh sao cho biu thc xc nh cc thnh phn ng lc
trn mi on l lin tc v duy nht (ranh gii cc on c th l: mt ct
ngang c lc tp trung, m men tp trung, c s thay i t ngt ca cng
lc phn b,)
3. Dng phng php mt ct lp biu thc xc nh cc thnh phn
ng lc trn tng on.
4. V biu cc thnh phn ng lc cn c vo cc biu thc thu c
bc 3
Biu lc dc v lc ct v v pha no cng c, min l mang
du ca chng
Biu m men v v pha th cng (chiu dng ca m men hng
xung)
5. Kim tra li biu t cc nhn xt mang tnh trc quan, tnh kinh
nghim (thu c t cc v d c th)
NHN XT:
Ti mt ct c lc tp trung th biu lc ct c bc nhy, ln bc
nhy bng gi tr lc tp trung. Xt t tri qua phi chiu bc nhy cng
chiu lc tp trung.

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 Ti mt ct c m men tp trung th biu m men c bc nhy, ln

bc nhy bng gi tr m men tp trung. Xt t tri qua phi nu m men
quay thun chiu kim ng h th bc nhy i xung.
Ti mt ct c lc ct bng 0 th biu m men t cc tr.
Biu m men lun c xu hng hng lc.
Bi mu 1: V cc biu ni lc cho dm chu lc nh hnh v 1.1
S liu: a=1m; F=15 kN; M0= 9 kNm; q=6kNm
F
q

Mo

2a

Hnh 1.1

Bi gii:
1. Xc nh cc phn lc:
T iu kin cn bng ca dm (hnh 1.2) ta c:

1
= VA .3a + M 0 Fa qa 2 = 0
2

=> VA =

F qa M 0
+

= 5 + 1 3 = 3(kN )
3 6 3a

= VC .3a M 0 F .2aa qa

=> VC =

5a
=0
2

2 F 5qa M 0
+
+
= 5 + 10 + 3 = 18(kN )
3
6
3a

Th li: VA + VC = qa + F = 6 + 15 = 21(kN )
2. Thit lp cc biu thc tnh ni lc trn mi on dm:
Trn on AB (hnh 1.2): Dng mt ct ngang 1-1, gi li phn bn tri xt
cn bng ( 0 z1 2a )
N =0

Q = VA = 3
M = VA z1 = 3 z1

Trn on AB (hnh 1.2): Dng mt ct ngang 2-2, gi li phn bn phi

xt cn bng ( 0 z2 a )
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N =0

Q = qz2 VC = 6 z2 18

1
M = VC z2 qz22 = 18 z2 3z22
2

3. V biu :
Da vo cc biu thc Q, M thu c trn, tin hnh v th trn tng on
(biu N khng th hin v N=0 z)
Ch : nu c mt ct ngang vi Q=0 th phi tnh gi tr M cc tr ti mt ct
ngang ny v th hin trn biu )
4. Kim tra li biu theo cc nhn xt trnh by phn u
Ch : Th hin s ti trng, biu lc ct v biu m men trn cng
hng dc nh hnh v 1.2 d theo di v kim tra
F

Mo

B
VA

2a

N
VA

VC

VC

Z2

Z1

3
+

Q
kN
_
12

18
M
kNm
6

15

Hnh 1.2. Biu ni lc

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1b. Chuyn 1b: BIU NI LC Phng php v theo tng im

Da vo mi lin h vi phn

d 2 M dQ
=
= q ( z ) , khi bit bin thin ca ti trng
dz 2
dz

phn b c th nhn xt dng biu Q v M, t xc nh s im cn thit phi

tnh gi tr cc thnh phn ng lc (cc im c bit). Gi s trn on thanh AB:
q(z)=0 => Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh QA, hoc QB
=> Biu M bc 1 => Cn xc nh MA, MB
q(z)=const => Biu Q bc 1 => Cn xc nh QA, QB
=> Biu M bc 2 => Cn xc nh MA, MB v M cc tr (nu c),
hoc tnh li, lm ca biu .
Gi tr cc thnh phn ng lc ti cc im c bit c th tnh theo:
Phng php mt ct.
Nhn xt bc nhy.
Qph = Qtr + Sq ; M ph = M tr + SQ vi Sq biu ti trng; SQ biu lc ct
Bi mu 1b: V biu ni lc cho khung phng chu ti trng nh hnh v
F
Mo
K
C

D
a

VK

HA
VA

Bi gii:
1. Xc nh cc phn lc:
T iu kin cn bng ca khung ta c:

X =0 => H
M = 0 => V
A

= qa

1
1
7
.2a Fa M 0 qa 2 = VK .2a 2qa 2 qa 2 qa 2 = 0 => VK = qa
2
2
4

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= 0 => VA .2a + H A .2a qa.

3a
3
+ M 0 Fa = VA .2a + 2qa 2 qa 2 + qa 2 2qa 2 = 0
2
2

1
4

=> VA = qa
2. Nhn xt dng biu cc thnh phn ng lc trn tng on:
+ Biu lc dc:
1
4

Bng phng php mt ct d dng xc nh N AB = N BC = VA = qa

N DK = N CD = 0 (trn hai on DK,CD khng c ti trng theo phng dc trc)

+ Biu lc ct, m men:

Trn on AB: q=const

Biu Q bc nht => Cn xc nh: QA = HA = qa (theo nhn xt v

bc nhy ca biu Q ti A); QB = QA+Sq = qa+(-q).a = 0

Biu M bc hai => Cn xc nh: MA = 0 (khp A khng c m

men tp trung),
MB = MA+SQ = 0+qa.a = qa2; ti B c Q = 0 => Mmax=qa2
Trn on BC: q=0

Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh QB=qa (ti B khng c lc tp trung,

biu Q khng c bc nhy)
B

Biu M bc nht => Cn xc nh M B = M B( AB ) = qa 2 ;

M C = M B + SQ = qa 2 + 0 = qa 2

Trn on DK: q=0

Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh QK=-VK (theo nhn xt v bc

nhy ca biu Q ti K)

Biu M bc nht => Cn xc nh M K = 0 (khp K khng c m

men tp trung); M D = M K SQ = 0 qa a = qa 2
4
4
7

Trn on CD: q=0

7
4

Biu Q=const => Cn xc nh QD = F QD( DK ) = 2qa qa (lc tp

trung F ti D);

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7
4

Biu M bc nht => Cn xc nh M D = qa 2 (ti D khng c m

men

tp

trung,

biu

men

khng

bc

nhy);

7 2 1
3
qa qa a = qa 2
4
2
4

M D = M D SQ =

3. V biu N, Q, M trn tng on (xem hnh 1.2)

4. Xt cn bng cc mt khung
Ti mt C, biu din cc ngoi lc, cc thnh phn ng lc trn hai mt ct ngay
st C thuc on BC v CD theo chiu thc (cn c vo cc biu )
Kim tra iu kin cn bng: Ti mt khung tng ni lc v ngoi lc bng
khng.

X = 0 ; Y = 0 ; M

=0
1
4

qa

qa

7
4

qa

kN
1
4

kN

qa

qa

qa

qa

3
2

3
2

qa

qa

C
7
4
1
2

qa

qa

1
2

qa

qa

M
kNm

1
4

qa

Hnh 1.2. Biu ni lc ca khung

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1c. Chuyn 1c:

BIU NI LC CA THANH CONG PHNG

Mt s lu khi v biu ni lc thanh cong phng:

- Dng phng php mt ct, v tr ca mt ct ngang c xc nh trong h
to cc.
- Qui c du ca lc dc N v lc ct Q nh i vi thanh thng, cn thnh
phn m men M c qui c l dng khi lm thanh cong thm.
- Khi v ch t cc tung theo phng vung gc vi trc thanh (phng
bn knh)
Bi gii mu: S H (BTL Sc bn Vt liu 1)
V biu ni lc cho thanh cong chu ti trng nh hnh v
Bit: R= 2m; M1=5 kNm; M2=10 kNm; P1=15kN.
M2
4

D
4
3

2R
3

HA

P1

VE

VA
2R
1
2
1

M1
2

Bi gii:
1. Tnh phn lc ti cc gi A v E
Ta c : X = 0 => H A = P1 = 15kN

= M 1 + M 2 VE .4 R = 0 => VE =

VA = VE = 1,875kN

VA

a. Xt on AB: 0 1

HA

2. Chia thanh lm 4 on.

M 1 + M 2 10 + 5
=
= 1,875 ( kN )
4R
8

Ta c:
N = VA .cos1 + H A .sin 1 = 1,875cos1 + 15sin 1 ;
Q = VA .sin 1 H A .cos1 = 1,875sin 1 15cos1 ;

M
1

M = VA .R.(1 cos1 ) R.H A .sin 1 = 3, 75.cos1 30sin 1 3, 75

Bng bin thin:

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1 [rad]

N [kN]
Q[kN]
M[kNm]

-1,88
-15
0

5,88
-13,98
-15,50

9,28
-11,93
-22.31

12,05
-9,12
-27,86

15
-1,88
-33,75

HA

Ta c:

b. Xt on BC: 0 2

VA

N = VA .sin 2 + H A .cos 2 = 1,875.sin 2 + 15.cos2

M
2

Q = VAcos2 + H A sin 2 = 1,875cos 2 + 15sin 2 ;

M1

Q=0 => 2 = 7,130

M = VA R (1 + sin 2 ) + M 1 H A Rcos 2 = 3, 75 3, 75sin 2 30cos 2 + 5

M max = M

0
2 = 7,13

= 29(kNm)

Bng bin thin:

2 [rad]

N [kN]
Q[kN]
M[kNm]

0
15,00
-1,88
-28,75

c. Xt on ED: 0 3
Ta c:

13,93
5,88
-26,61

11,93
9,28
-22,61

9,12
12,05
-17,00

1,88
15
-2,5

N
Q

M
3

N = VE .cos3 + P1.sin 3 = 1,875.cos3 + 15.sin 3

Q = VE .sin 3 P1.cos3 = 1,875.sin 3 15.cos3
M = VE .R.(1 cos3 ) R.P1.sin 3
= 3, 75.cos3 30.sin 3 3, 75

P
1

3
VE

Bng bin thin:

3 [rad]

N [kN]
Q[kN]
M[kNm]

0
-1,88
15,00
0

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5,88
12,05
-15,5

9,28
9,28
-22,31

12,05
5,88
-27,86

15,00
-1,88
-33,75

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d. Xt on CD: 0 4

Ta c:

N = VE .sin 4 + P1.cos 4 = 1.875.sin 4 + 15.cos 4

M2

M 2

Q = VE .cos 4 + P1.sin 4 = 1,875.cos4 + 15.cos4 ;

Q=0 => 4 = 7,130

2
M

M = VE .R.(1 + sin 4 ) + M 2 P1 Rcos 4

= 3.75 3, 75sin 4 30.cos 4 + 10

M max = M =7,130 = 24(kNm)

P1

VE

Bng bin thin:

4 [rad]

N [kN]
Q[kN]
M[kNm]

13,93
5,88
-21,61

11,93
9,28
-17,61

9,12
12,05
-12,00

1,88
15,00
2,50

0
15,00
-1,88
-23,75

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BIU NI LC

12,05

13,93

9,28

11,93

5,88

9,12

15

1,88

1,88

1,88
7,13o

15

5,88

9,28

9,12

12,05

kN

11,93
13,93

1,88

5,88
9,28
12,05

5,88

9,28

10

12,05

7,13o
15

15

7,13o

12,05

13,98

15

Q
kN

9,28
5,88

11,93
1,88

9,12

23,75
Mmax=24

33,75
10

21,61

27,86
22,31

17,61

15,50
o
7,13

12,00

2,5

o
7,13

17,00

M
kNm

15,50
22,61

22,31
27,86

26,61
33,75

28,75

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Mmax=29

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1.2. bi tp t gii
Bi 1.1: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca dm chu ti trng nh hnh v
F2 =qa

M=4qa2

F1 =2qa

Bi 1.2: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca dm chu ti trng nh hnh v

F=qa
2

M=qa2

3a

Bi 1.3: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca dm chu ti trng nh hnh v

Bit q=10kN/m; F=4kN; M0=2kNm; a=1m.
M0
q
a

Bi 1.4: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca dm chu ti trng nh hnh v

Bit q=30kN/m; F=36kN; M0=48kNm; a=2m.
F
q

M0

M0

2a

Bi 1.5: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca thanh cong chu ti trng nh

hnh v. Bit F=5kN; R=4m.

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F
F

45

Bi 1.6: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca thanh cong chu ti trng nh

hnh v theo q v R.

R
Bi 1.7: V biu cc thnh phn ng lc ca khung phng chu ti trng nh
hnh v vi M0=4kNm; F=5kN; q=2kNm
a

2a

M0

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Bi 1.8: V biu ni lc ca dm cho trn hnh sau:

M=5kNm

q=10kN/m

P=10kN
2m

1m

1m

Bi 1.9: V biu ni lc ca dm cho trn hnh sau:

P=qa

M=qa

2a

Bi 1.10: V biu ni lc ca dm cho trn hnh sau:

q

P=6qa

a,
A

b,

2a

M=16kNm
P=4kN

q=2kN/m

1m

2m

1m

Bi 1.11: V biu ni lc ca dm cho trn hnh sau:

q

a,
a

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qo=2kN/m

P=4kN

b,
1m

3m

1m

Bi 1.12: Khng cn tnh phn lc, v biu lc ct v mmen un ca dm

M=qa2

3a

Bi 1.13: Khng cn tnh phn lc, v biu lc ct v mmen un ca dm

M

a,

a
q

P=qa

b,

3a

Bi 1.14: V biu lc ct v mmen un ca dm chu ti trng l ngu lc

phn b nh trn hnh sau. Hy pht biu quan h vi phn gia ni lc v ngoi
lc trong trng hp ny.
m

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Bi 1.15: V biu ni lc ca dm chu ti phn b q(z)= q sin

q sin

2 .z
a

2 .z
a

Bi 1.16: V biu ni lc ca dm chu ti trng phn b khng u q(z) nh

hnh sau:
q
parabol bc 2

a,

parabol bc 2

b,
L

Bi 1.17: V biu ni lc ca cc dm tnh nh nhiu nhp nh hnh sau:

P=2qa

a,

1.5a

2q
q

b,

3a
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a
B mn SBVL - i hc Xy dng 15

c,

q
a

Bi 1.18: bit biu mmen un ca cc dm t trn hai gi ta A v B

nh trn hnh sau. Hy v biu lc ct v xc nh ti trng tc dng len cc
dm .
Pa

a,

+
Pa

qa2

parabol bc 2

b,

+
1,5qa

2a

2a

Bi 1.19: bit biu lc ct Q v mt phn biu mmen un M ca dm

cho trn hnh v. Hy v y ton b biu M v s ti trng tc dng
ln dm.
M =3qa
2

2a

2a

1,6a

1,4a

2qa2

1,2qa

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