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Trng THPT TN CHU

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010 CHNG I: ESTE LIPIT

1. Khi nim gi tn:

R - COOH R -COO- R '

R l gc HC ca axit cacboxylic R l gc HC ca ancol Gi tn: tn gc R tn gc axit (b ic thm at) * C2H4O2 c 2 ng phn n chc (1 este, 1 axit) C3H6O2 c 3 ng phn n chc (2 este, 1 axit) C4H8O2 c 6 ng phn n chc (4 este, 2 axit) Mt s cng thc v tn gi ca este Cng thc Tn gi Cng thc HCOOCH3 Metyl fomat CH3COOCH=CH2 HCOOC2H5 Etyl fomat CH2=CHCOOCH3 CH3COOCH3 Metyl axetat CH2=C-COOCH3 CH3COOC2H5 Etyl axetat CH3 C2H5COOCH3 Metyl propionat

Tn gi Vinyl axetat Metyl acrylat Metyl metacrylat

2. Nhit si ca este(RCOOR< nhit si ca ancol (ROH) < nhit si ca axit cacboxylic (RCOOH) 3. Tnh cht ho hc a) Thu phn trong mi trng axit axit cacboxylic v ancol (phn ng thun nghch) b) Thu phn trong mi trng kim mui ca axit cacboxylic v ancol (phn ng khng thun nghch) c) Este ca axit fomic HCOOR cn c phn ng trng bc d) Este ca phenol RCOOC6H5 + 2MOH 2 mui + H2O e) Este ca ancol khng no (c lin kt i gn vo nhm COO ): RCOOCH=R khi thu phn anehit - Nu R l H khi thy phn to ra cc sn phm u trng gng - Nu R H khi thy phn to ra sn phm c 1 cht trng gng 4. iu ch a) i vi este RCOORc iu ch t axit cacboxylic v ancol tng ng (vi R l gc hirocacbon no) b) i vi este RCOOC6H5 v RCOOCH=R khng c iu ch t axit cacboxylic v ancol c) i vi vinyl axetat (CH3 COO CH=CH2) c iu ch t axit axetic (CH3COOH) v axetilen (CH CH) 5. Mt hp cht hu c n chc A c cng thc CnH2nO2 nu a) tc dng vi Na, NaOH (hoc lm tan vi: CaCO3) A l axit cacboxylic, CTCT RCOOH b) ch tc dng vi NaOH khng tc dng vi Na A l este 6. * Este RCOOR tc dng vi MOH (va ) cht rn ch l mui RCOOM *Este RCOOR tc dng vi MOH (d) cht rn gm mui RCOOM v MOH d

* Este n chc RCOOR

+ NaOH

RCOONa

meste < mmui R = 15 l CH3 *Este (RCOO)aR + aMOH a RCOOM + R(OH)a 1mol amol a mol 1 mol *Este R(COOR )a + aMOH R(COOM)a + aROH 1mol amol 1 mol a mol (M l kim loi Na, K,..) 7. t chy este no n chc 3n 2 CnH2nO2 + ( )O2 nCO2 + nH2O CO2 2

= nH 2O

Trng THPT TN CHU t chy este khng no(c 1 lin kt i) n chc 3n 3 CnH2n - 2 O2 + ( )O2 nCO2 + (n-1)H2O 2

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010

neste = nCO2 nH 2O

2neste +2nO =2nCO +nH O 2 2 2


8. Thu phn mt este n chc E thu c X v Y, t X iu ch trc tip Y X l C2H5OH, Y l CH3COOH CTCT E l CH3COOC2H5 9. Cht bo: l trieste ca glixerol v cc axit bo (axit monocacboxylic c s chn nguyn t C t 12 n 24C, khng phn nhnh) gi l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol Cng thc chung (RCOO)3C3H5 Phn ng thu phn trong mt axit H + ,t 0 (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3 Phn ng x phng ho t0 (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 Phn ng cng H2 i vi cht bo lng: t0 (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 884 890

R1 COO CH 2
Cng thc cu to

R 2 COO CH R 3 COO CH 2

(R1, R2, R3 c th ging hoc khc nhau)

T 2 axit bo khc nhau v glixerol to ra 6 trieste 10. CHT TY RA TNG HP a. X PHNG l hn hp mui natri (kali) ca cc axit bo; thnh phn ch yu ca x phng l mui natri ca axit panmitic (C15H31COOH) v axit stearic (C17H35COOH) b. KHI NIM V CHT TY RA TNG HP l cc cht c tc dng ty ra nh x phng (bt git tng hp hay x phng bt); Mui natri ca axit oexyl benzen sunfonic, C12H25C6H4SO3Na (natri oexyl benzen sunfonat) c.TC DNG TY RA CA X PHNG& CHT TY RA TNG HP X phng & cht ty ra tng hp c tnh hot ng b mt cao.Chng c tc dng lm gim sc cng b mt ca cc vt bn du m bm trn da, vi ... cc vt bn c phn chia thnh nhng got nh ha tan vo nc Khng nn dng x phng git trong nc cng ( l nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+) do c s to thnh kt ta ca cc mui Ca2+ v Mg2+ Cht ty ra tng hp c th dng trong nc cng Nu x phng: Cht bo + NaOH x phng + glixerin

Trng THPT TN CHU

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010

II. BAI TOAN: Cu 1: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 2: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 3: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5. Cu 4: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l: A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat. Cu 5: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (c mt H2SO4 long) thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l: A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat. Cu 6: un nng este CH3COOC2H5 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH3COONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. Cu 7: un nng este CH3COOCH=CH2 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO. C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. Cu 8: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng): Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH. C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH. Cu 9: Cho cc cht: CH3CH2CH2COOH, CH3[CH2]3CH2OH, CH3COOC2H5, dy xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn ca cc cht trn l: A. CH3CH2CH2COOH, CH3[CH2]3CH2OH, CH3COOC2H5 B. CH3CH2CH2COOH, CH3COOC2H5, CH3[CH2]3CH2OH C. CH3[CH2]3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2COOH, CH3COOC2H5 D. CH3COOC2H5, CH3[CH2]3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2COOH Cu 10: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 11: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v A. phenol. B. glixerol. C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc Cu 12: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. Cu 13: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. Cu 14: un nng este CH2=CHCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO. C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH.

Trng THPT TN CHU

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010

Cu 15: t chy hon ton mt este X thu c nCO2 = n H 2O . Este l: A. n chc no, mch h. B. hai chc no, mch h. C. n chc. D. no, mch h. Cu 16: Hp cht mch h X c CTPT C3H6O2. X khng tc dng vi Na v X c th cho phn ng trng gng. CTCT ca X l: A. CH3-CH2-COOH B. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO C. HCOOC2H5 D. CH3-COOCH3 Cu 17: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l A. 50% B. 62,5% C. 55% D. 75% Cu 18: Cho 6 gam mt este ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc phn ng va ht vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tn gi ca este l A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat. Cu 19: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml. Cu 20: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 12,2 gam. Cu 21: t chy hon ton 7,8 gam este X thu c 11,44 gam CO2 v 4,68 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca este l A. C4H8O4 B. C4H8O2 C. C2H4O2 D. C3H6O2 Cu 22: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,3M (va ) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat Cu 23: Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. X c cng thc l A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3 Cu 24: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam. Cu 25: Thy phn hon ton 8,8g este n chc mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M va thu c 4,6 gam ancol. CTCT ca X l A. etyl fomat B. Etyl propionat C. etyl axetat D. Propyl axetat Cu 26: trung ho 14 gam mt cht bo cn 1,5 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l A. 6 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8 Cu 27: X phng ha 1,4 gam mt lai cht bo cn 45 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Ch s x phng ha ca cht bo ny l: A . 18 B . 180 C . 128,57 D . Kt qu khc. Cu 28: un nng cht bo cn va 40 kg dung dch NaOH 15%, gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng (kg) glixerol thu c l A. 13,8 B. 4,6 C. 6,975 D. 9,2 Cu 29: un nng 4,03 kg panmitin vi lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c bao nhiu kg x phng cha 72% mui natri panmitat? A. 5,79 B. 4,17 C. 7,09 D. 3,0024

Trng THPT TN CHU

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010

Cu 30: Khi lng Glyxrol thu c khi un nng 2.225 kg cht bo (loi tristearin) c cha 20% tp cht vi dung dch NaOH. (coi nh phn ng xy ra hon ton) l: A. 1,78 kg. B. 0,184 kg. C. 0,89 kg. D. 1,84 kg Cu 31: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 32: Este etyl axetat c cng thc l A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. CH3CHO. Cu 33: Nhit si ca C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3 gim dn theo: A. CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3COOCH3 > CH3CHO B. CH3COOH > CH3COOCH3 > C2H5OH > CH3CHO C. C2H5OH > CH3COOH > CH3CHO> CH3COOCH3 D. C2H5OH > CH3CHO > CH3COOCH3 > CH3COOH Cu 34: un nng este HCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. B. HCOONa v CH3OH. C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. CH3COONa v CH3OH. Cu 35: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5. Cu 36: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 37: un nng este CH2=CHCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO. C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. Cu 38: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat. Cu 39: t chy hon ton mt th tch hi este X thu c hai th tch kh CO2 cng iu kin. X chnh l: A. Metylfomat . B. Khng xc nh c C. Metyl oxalat. D. Etyl axetat Cu 40: Khi x phng ha tripanmitin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COONa v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. Cu 41: Khi thu phn trong mi trng axit tristearin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. Cu 42: C th gi tn este (C17H33COO)3C3H5 l A. triolein B. tristearin C. tripanmitin D. stearic Cu 43: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 44: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Z c cng thc C3H5O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y l A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOC3H7. Cu 45: Cho 4,6 gam ancol etylic tac dung vi axit fomic thi thu c bao nhiu gam este? Bit hiu sut at 75%? A. 5,55g B. 5,66g C. 8,40g D. 7,40 g

Trng THPT TN CHU

Ti liu n thi tt nghip nm 2009-2010

Cu 46: X phng ho hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp 2 este l etyl axetat v metyl propionat bng lng va V (ml) dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Gi tr V dng l A. 200 ml. B. 500 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 600 ml. Cu 47: X phng ho hon ton 37,0 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, un nng. Khi lng NaOH cn dng l A. 8,0g B. 20,0g C. 16,0g D. 12,0g Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 16,2g hn hp hai este n chc ng ng trong 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M th thu c 9,2g ancol etylic. - Tnh khi lng mui to thnh ? A. 12g B. 14,5g C. 15g D. 17,5g Cu 49: Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit t do. trung ha 2,8g cht bo cn 3,0 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Tnh ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 Cu 50: Cho 0,2 mol axit axetic tc dng vi 0,1 mol ancol etylic ( k c ) th thu c 6,6 gam este. Tnh hiu sut phn ng? A. 50% B. 75% C. 85 % D. 65%

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