PHN VI

H THNG QUN L AN TON

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MC LC
1. Tm quan trng ca h thng qun l an ton. .............................................................. 3 2. Yu cu v h thng. .................................................................................................... 3 3. Cu trc ti liu h thng. ............................................................................................ 4 4. Ni dung cc s tay v ti liu lin quan. ..................................................................... 5 5. Qun l ri ro ............................................................................................................... 7 6. Cc bin php bo m SK - AT - MT ......................................................................... 9

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H THNG QUN L AN TON

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Tm quan trng ca h thng qun l an ton. Cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca x hi, trnh khoa hc k thut v cng ngh ngy cng tin b; my mc thit b trn tu ngy mt tinh vi, nhng hng nm tai nn lao ng xy ra ti cc khu cng nghip, trn cc cng trnh bin vn c xu hng gia tng. Tn tht v ngi, ti sn v mi trng mi ngy mt ln. Sau nhiu nm tm hiu nguyn nhn; cc quc gia, t chc, trung tm nghin cu, tp on xy dng nn H thng qun l an ton. H thng qun l an ton buc ngi s dng lao ng, ngi lao ng phi tun th. C quan (T chc) phi xy dng, thit lp v kim tra vic thc hin H thng qun l an ton trong phm vi, trch nhim qun l. Mc ch nhm phng trnh, ngn nga v gim thiu tai nn lao ng; bo m sc khe, an ton v ngn nga nhim mi trng. Nhiu ngi cho rng h thng qun l an ton gy kh khn trong hot ng sn xut, mt thi gian v tn nhiu cng sc duy tr: bi v cc quy nh v an ton v sinh lao ng c Lut lao ng, Ngh nh 06/CP; v nguy c chy n cao th c Lut phng chy cha chy; bo m an ton sinh mng, c SOLAS 1974; bo m an ton mi trng, c Lut Mi trng, MARPOL; ni n trnh thuyn vin, c STCW. Vy H thng qun l an ton c cn thit? H thng qun l an ton nng cao hn na vai tr, trch nhim, ngha v v qun l ca con ngi trong ton b hot ng, cng vic thc hin. c mt h thng qun l an ton hiu qu, chng ta phi lm r cc bc sau: H thng phi tha mn, p ng iu kin g? Cu trc ra sao? Ni dung gm nhng g? 2. Yu cu v h thng. H thng qun l an ton xy dng nhm tha mn, p ng theo yu cu ca thc t lao ng sn xut, ca cc Cng c, quy nh v sc khe, an ton v mi trng. N bao gm:
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- Chnh sch an ton v bo v mi trng. - Qui nh v quyn hn, trch nhim, mi thng tin lin lc gia nhng ngi lin quan n h thng qun l an ton trn b v trn tu, hay gia cc b phn vi nhau. - Cc hng dn v qui trnh ch dn vic thc hin cc hot ng cng vic nhm bo m an ton v bo v mi trng. - Cc qui trnh chun b v ng ph s c khn cp. - Cc qui trnh bo co tai nn v nhng im khng ph hp vi lut, cc qui trnh ni b r sot v nh gi h thng. 3. Cu trc ti liu h thng. H thng qun l an ton bao gm cc ti liu sau: Cc s tay hng dn (manual), Cc mu bin bn (record), Cc ti liu tham kho nh cc cng c, lut l hin hnh, n phm chuyn ngnh, s bn v lin quan n cu trc cng trnh, s tay hng dn s dng trang thit b thun tin s dng, tham kho. B ti liu lin quan n h thng qun l an ton thng c phn ra nh sau: Ti vn phng S tay Chnh sch cng ty S tay T chc cng ty S tay qui trnh hot ng cng ty S tay ng ph s c cng ty Cc mu bin bn s dng trn cng ty Cc ti liu tham kho lin quan Ti cng trnh, gin tu S tay Chnh sch cng ty S tay T chc cng ty S tay qui trnh hot ng ti cng trnh S tay ng ph s c ti cng trnh Cc mu bin bn s dng ti cng trnh
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Cc ti liu tham kho ti cng trnh

4. Ni dung cc s tay v ti liu lin quan. S tay chnh sch cng ty Ni dung s tay chnh sch cng ty nu r nhng yu cu ca cc quy nh v vic tun th ca H thng qun l an ton cng ty. Thng qua s tay chnh sch cng ty, ngi c d khi qut ton b yu cu ca cc quy nh v nhng g m ni dung h thng qun l an ton cng ty ang p dng. S tay t chc cng ty Ni dung s tay t chc cng ty nu r s t chc v h thng qun l an ton trn cng ty v ti cng trnh. S tay s nu r chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v mi quan h gia cc b phn, c nhn lin quan n h thng qun l an ton. S tay qui trnh hot ng Thng qua s tay ny, ngi c s hiu r cc hng dn thc hin cc hot ng ti vn phng v ti cng trnh. Cc qui trnh bao gm: - Qui trnh qun l nhn vin - Qui trnh qun l cng vic chuyn ngnh (hng hi, vn chuyn) - Qui trnh qun l An ton v Ngn nga nhim - Qui trnh qun l Bo qun-bo dng

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- Qui trnh qun l Vt t - Qui trnh qun l H thng qun l an ton S tay ng ph s c Vic qun l cng tc ng cu khn cp phi bao gm cc k hoch v quy trnh c duy tr, cp nht i ph vi mi tnh hung ny sinh trong qu trnh hot ng. K hoch ng cu khn cp cn bao gm cc kha cnh sau: D bo cc tnh hung khn cp c th xy ra; T chc, trch nhim, quyn hn v cc quy trnh cho phi hp ng cu, bao gm vic duy tr cc thng tin ni b v ra bn ngoi; Cc quy trnh thng tin vi c quan c thm quyn v cc bn lin quan; H thng v quy trnh iu ng trang thit b v con ngi ca n v; Vic b tr v quy trnh iu ng ngun lc ca bn th ba h tr cng tc ng cu; H thng v cc quy trnh b tr ch thot him cho ngi, cng tc cu nn, cp cu y t; H thng v cc quy trnh v khc phc tc thi, cc bin php ngn nga, gim thiu v gim st tc ng ti mi trng; Cng tc o to cho i ng cu v din tp kim tra cc quy trnh, h thng ng cu. T chc hng dn ngi lao ng, khch tham quan, Nh thu. An ton cho con ngi; Bo v mi trng; Bo v ti sn; Gi uy tn ca n v v Tng cng ty. K hoch ng cu khn cp phi c cp nht v c xem xt khi c thay i v hot ng, t chc, nhn s v t nht 5 nm mt ln trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng. Cc mu bin bn (record form) Trong cng tc ng cu, cn tun theo th t u tin sau: -

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y l cc bin bn (record) hay cc bn r sot cng vic (checklist). Vic ghi chp v lu li cc bin bn hay bn r sot ti vn phng hay ti cng trnh l bng chng c th v s hot ng ca h thng qun l an ton. Bao gm: - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l nhn vin - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l cng vic chuyn ngnh (hng hi, vn chuyn) - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l an ton v ngn nga nhim - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l bo qun bo dng - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l vt t - Mu bin bn lin quan n qun l H thng an ton Ni dung cc ti liu tham kho Cc ti liu tham kho bao gm: - Cc n phm chuyn ngnh - Cc bn v, s lin quan n cu trc cng trnh, gin tu - Cc ti liu hng dn s dng lin quan n thng s k thut v ti liu hng dn s dng trang thit b. 5. Qun l ri ro Lnh o cc cp c trch nhim thc hin qun l ri ro v dnh cc ngun lc cn thit cho cng tc ny. Lnh o cao nht c trch nhim bo m s thng nht nguyn tc qun l ri ro i vi mi hot ng. Qun l ri ro phi bo m xem xt mt cch h thng ton din bc tranh ri ro v SK-AT-MT. nh gi v phn loi ri ro l c s tin cy cho vic u tin trin khai cc bin php gim thiu v thit lp mt mc ri ro hp l. Qun l ri ro phi c p dng lin tc cho mi hot ng v cng trnh tt c cc giai on i vi mi ri ro lin quan ti SK-AT-MT. Qun l ri ro bao gm cc hot ng sau: Xc nh cc mi nguy him; nh gi ri ro ti con ngi, ti sn v mi trng; Xc nh cc bin php hn ch, gim thiu ri ro; Trin khai cc bin php hn ch, gim thiu ri ro; Kim tra, nh gi cc bin php thc hin;
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Kim sot bo m rng cc mi nguy him nm trong gii hn c th chp nhn c.

Cc ri ro xc nh cn c phn loi theo kh nng xy ra v hu qu (tn tht) lm c s cho vic ra quyt nh cc bin php gim thiu. Ri ro cn c duy tr mc ti thiu theo quy nh ca php lut v gim thiu thm theo nguyn l thp hp l c th thc hin c (ALARP). Cc dng ri ro khc nhau c th i hi phng php qun l ri ro khc nhau. Sau y l mt s v d minh ha: Ri ro do v tr cng vic: L ri ro v sc kho v an ton cho ngi lao ng thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy. Hu qu gy ra c th l ngi lao ng b thng, t vong hoc tn hi sc kho. Dng ri ro ny thng c kim sot trc tip bi cc c nhn hay nhm ngi lao ng bao gm cc bin php: nh gi cc mi nguy him tim tng; Thc hin phn tch an ton cho cc cng vic thng xuyn v khng thng xuyn; Kim sot ri ro bng cch thc hin ng cc quy trnh lm vic, qui trnh cp php lm vic v cp php hot ng; T kim tra thng xuyn chc chn rng h thng thit b v cc quy trnh ang hot ng hiu qu. Ri ro do cng ngh v k thut: L dng ri ro gy ra do li chc nng ca thit b cng ngh. C hai dng li chc nng cn c xem xt l: Li ca thit b th hin thng s vn hnh v d nh s lng, cht lng cc thng s u ra, tin cy ca thit b, hiu sut nng lng ... Cc hu qu xu bao gm vic khng t cc yu cu v mi trng, tiu chun ting n hoc sn phm khng t yu cu; Ri ro do r r ngu nhin cc cht nguy him t h thng cng ngh, hu qu l pht sinh nhng m my kh c, kh chy n v gy nhim. Nhng ri ro dng ny c nh gi bi cc chuyn gia/t chc chuyn mn v bao gm: Xc nh, nh gi v qun l ri ro cho tng d n c th, qu trnh vn hnh hoc hot ng; Cc quy trnh xc nh mi nguy him nh HAZOP;
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Quy trnh nh gi nh lng ri ro nh QRA. Kim sot ri ro c thc hin qua vic trin khai cc gii php gim thiu

c xut, thc hin ch bo dng, sa cha, kim nh v qun l thit b cng ngh trn c s ri ro nh bo dng trn c s ri ro (RBM), kim nh trn c s ri ro (RBI)... Ri ro do li ca con ngi: C th gy ra cc s c nh nhng cng c th gy ra cc tai nn nghim trng. Quy trnh qun l ri ro dng ny bao gm vic nh gi tnh trng ca t chc, mi trng tm l x hi, cht lng ngun nhn lc... Phng php lun da trn c s nguyn l MTO (con ngi-cng ngh-t chc) c th c p dng cho cc hot ng c bit nh cng vic trong phng iu khin trung tm 6. Cc bin php bo m SK - AT - MT t c hiu qu, cc bin php bo m SK-AT-MT cn c xy dng thnh cc quy trnh, lp k hoch, trin khai v nh gi mt cch c h thng. Cng tc bo m SK-AT-MT c th hin trn s . Cc bin php bo m SK-AT-MT bao gm mt s hot ng sau: Kim tra, nh gi h thng qun l SK-AT-MT (nh gi ni b v nh gi t bn ngoi); T chc gim st v o c; Phn tch v nh gi khuynh hng thc hin SK-AT-MT; Cc hot ng kim sot v sa cha khc phc; Bo co; Xem xt ca lnh o.

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S BO M CNG TC SK - AT MT
Chnh sch v Mc tiu Hi ng SK-AT-MT (BHL) Cc yu cu v SK-AT-MT Kim tra cc bin php bo m Chng trnh qun l SK-ATMT Lp K hoch, Quy trnh Xem xt ca lnh o Bo co SK-AT-MT

Kim tra/kim ton H thng QL SK-AT-MT

o to v Hng dn

Gim st thc hin

Thc hin

Cc s liu thc hin

Safety management system l s an ton ca ngi lao ng

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