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ThS inh Xun Nhn

PHPr TNH TIN


Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho vect u = ( 1; 2 ) .
a) Tm nh ca A ( 2;1) qua php tnh tin Tur .
b) Tm nh ca ng thng d1 : x 3 y + 4 = 0 qua php tnh tin Tur .
c) Tm ng thng l nh ca ng thng d : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 qua php tnh tin Tur .
2
2
d) Tm nh ca ng trn ( C ) : ( x 2 ) + ( y + 3) = 4 qua php tnh tin Tur .
Gii
a) Gi Tur ( A ) = A ' , A ' ( x '; y ') .
x' = x + a

x' = 2 +1 = 3

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin y ' = y + b y ' = 1 2 = 1 A ' ( 3; 1) .

b) Cch 1.
Chn mt im M ( 1;1) d1 : x 3 y + 4 = 0 .
r
ng thng d1 i qua M ( 1;1) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 1; 3) .
Gi Tur ( M ) = M ' , M ' ( x '; y ') .
x' = x + a

x ' = 1 + 1 = 0

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y ' = 1 2 = 1 M ' ( 0; 1) .

Gi Tur ( d1 ) = d1 .
r
ng thng d1' i qua M ' ( 0; 1) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 1; 3) .
d1' :1( x 0 ) 3 ( y + 1) = 0 d1' : x 3 y 3 = 0 .
Cch 2.
'
Gi Tur ( d1 ) = d1 .
'
Gi M ( x; y ) d1 , M ' ( x '; y ') d1 sao cho Tur ( M ) = M ' .
'

x' = x + a

x = x ' a

x = x ' 1

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y = y ' b y = y '+ 2 .

M ( x ' 1; y '+ 2 ) d1 : x 3 y + 4 = 0 ( x ' 1) 3 ( y '+ 2 ) + 4 = 0 x ' 3 y ' 3 = 0

Vy d1' : x 3 y 3 = 0 .
c) Cch 1.
Chn mt im M ( 1; 1) d : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 .
r
ng thng d i qua M ( 1; 1) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 2;1) .
Gi Tur ( M ) = M ' .
x' = x + a

x ' = 1 + 1 = 0

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y ' = 1 2 = 3 M ' ( 0; 3) .

Theo bi Tur ( d ) = .
r
ng thng i qua M ' ( 0; 3) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 2;1) .
: 2 ( x 0 ) + ( y + 3) = 0 : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 .
Cch 2.
Theo bi Tur ( d ) = .
Gi M ( x; y ) d , M ' ( x '; y ') sao cho Tur ( M ) = M ' .

ThS inh Xun Nhn


x' = x + a

x = x ' a

x = x ' 1

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y = y ' b y = y '+ 2 .

M ( x ' 1; y '+ 2 ) d : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 2 ( x ' 1) + ( y '+ 2 ) + 3 = 0 2 x '+ y '+ 3 = 0


Thay x = x ' 1 v y = y '+ 2 vo phng trnh d, ta c
2 x + y + 3 = 0 2 ( x ' 1) + ( y '+ 2 ) + 3 = 0 2 x '+ y '+ 3 = 0 .
Vy : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 .

2
2
d) ng trn ( C ) : ( x 2 ) + ( y + 3) = 4 c tm I ( 2; 3) v bn knh R = 2 .
Gi Tur ( I ) = I ', I ' ( x '; y ') .

x' = x + a

x' = 2 +1 = 3

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y ' = 3 2 = 5 I ' ( 3; 5 ) .

Gi Tur ( ( C ) ) = ( C ) .
ng trn ( C ') c tm I ' ( 3; 5 ) v bn knh R = 2 .
2
2
( C ' ) : ( x 3) + ( y + 5 ) = 4 .
r

Bi 2. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho vect u = ( 2; 4 ) .


a) Tm to im M sao cho A ( 3;1) l nh ca M qua php tnh tin Tur .
b) Tm ng thng 1 c nh qua php tnh tin Tur l d1 : 2 x 3 y + 5 = 0 .
2
2
c) Tm ng trn ( C1 ) c nh qua php tnh tin Tur l ( C ) : ( x 1) + ( y + 2 ) = 4 .
Gii
a) Theo bi ta c Tur ( M ) = A .
Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur :
x' = x + a
x = x ' a = 3 + 2 = 1

M ( 1; 3)

y' = y +b
y ' = y ' b = 1 4 = 3

b) Cch 1.
Chn mt im M ( 1;1) d1 : 2 x 3 y + 5 = 0 .
r
ng thng d1 i qua M ( 1;1) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 2; 3) .
Gi N ( x; y ) l im sao cho Tur ( N ) = M .
Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur :
x' = x + a
x = x ' a = 1 + 2 = 1

N ( 1; 3) .

y' = y +b
y ' = y ' b = 1 4 = 3
Theo bi Tur ( 1 ) = d1 .
r
ng thng 1 i qua N ( 1; 3) v c vecto php tuyn n = ( 2; 3)

1 : 2 ( x 1) 3 ( y + 3) = 0 1 : 2 x 3 y 11 = 0 .

Cch 2.
Theo bi Tur ( 1 ) = d1 .
Gi M ( x; y ) 1 , M ' ( x '; y ') d1 sao cho Tur ( M ) = M ' .
x' = x + a

x' = x 2

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y ' = y + 4 .

M ' ( x 2; y + 4 ) d1 : 2 x 3 y + 5 = 0 2 ( x 2 ) 3 ( y + 4 ) + 5 = 0 2 x 3 y 11 = 0 .

Vy 1 : 2 x 3 y 11 = 0 .

ThS inh Xun Nhn


2
2
c) ng trn ( C ) : ( x 1) + ( y + 2 ) = 4 c tm I ( 1; 2 ) v bn knh R = 2 .
Gi I1 ( x; y ) l im sao cho Tur ( I1 ) = I .
Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur :

x' = x + a
x = x ' a = 1 + 2 = 3

I1 ( 3; 6 )

y' = y +b
y = y ' b = 2 4 = 6

Theo bi Tur ( ( C1 ) ) = ( C ) .
ng trn ( C1 ) c tm I1 ( 3; 6 ) v bn knh R = 2 .
2
2
( C1 ) : ( x 3) + ( y + 6 ) = 4 .
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im A ( 2;3) , ng thng d : x 3 y + 4 = 0 v ng
2
2
trn ( C ) : ( x 1) + ( y + 2 ) = 5 .
a) Tm php tnh tin Tur sao cho B ( 4; 2 ) c nh l A .
b) Tm php tnh tin Tur sao cho : x 3 y + 1 = 0 c nh l d.
2
2
c) Tm php tnh tin Tur sao cho (C) c nh l ( C ') : ( x 3) + ( y + 4 ) = 5 .
d) Tm php tnh tin Tur sao cho ( C1 ) : ( x 3) + ( y + 5 ) = 5 c nh l (C).
Gii.
r
a) t u = ( a; b ) .
Theo bi A ( 2;3) l nh ca B ( 4; 2 ) qua php tnh tin Tur .
2

x' = x + a

a = x ' x = 2 + 4 = 2

Biu thc to : y ' = y + b b = y ' y = 3 2 = 1 u = ( 2;1) .

Vy php tnh tin Tur cn tm c u = ( 2;1) .


r
b) t u = ( a; b ) .
Theo gi thit Tur ( ) = d .
Gi M ( x; y ) , M ' ( x '; y ') d sao cho Tur ( M ) = M ' .
x' = x + a

x = x ' a

Biu thc to : y ' = y + b y = y ' b .

M ( x ' a; y ' b ) : x 3 y + 1 = 0 ( x ' a ) 3 ( y ' b ) + 1 = 0 x ' 3 y ' a + 3b + 1 = 0 .

d : x 3 y a + 3b + 1 = 0 .

Suy ra a + 3b + 1 = 4 a = 3b 3 .
r
Vy vecto tnh tin cn tm c dng u = ( 3b 3; b ) .
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im M ( 1; 2 ) , ng thng d : 2 x y + 4 = 0 , ng
r
2
2
trn ( C ) : ( x 2 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 9 v vecto u = ( 2; 3) .
a) Tm nh ca im M, ng thng d v ng trn (C) qua php tnh tin Tur .
b) Vit phng trnh c nh qua php tnh tin Tur l ng thng d.
c) Gi d l nh ca d qua php tnh tin Tur , tm d l nh ca d qua php tnh tin
r
theo vect v = ( 1;3) . (ng thng d gi l nh ca d qua lin tip hai php
tnh tin Tur v Tvr ).
d) Vit phng trnh (C)r l nh ca (C) khi thc hin lin tip c th t hai php
tnh tin Tur v Tvr vi v = ( 1;3) .

ThS inh Xun Nhn


Gii.
Cu a v b dnh cho c gi.
c) Theo bi Tur ( d ) = d ' .
Gi M ( x; y ) d , M ' ( x '; y ') d ' sao cho Tur ( M ) = M ' .
x' = x + a

x = x ' a

x = x ' 2

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b y ' = y ' b y = y '+ 3 .

M ( x ' 2; y '+ 3) d : 2 x y + 4 = 0 2 ( x ' 2 ) ( y '+ 3) + 4 = 0 2 x ' y ' 3 = 0 .

d ' : 2x y 3 = 0 .

Tip theo ta c Tvr ( d ') = d " .


Gi N ( x; y ) d ', N ' ( x '; y ') d " sao cho Tvr ( N ) = N ' .
x' = x + a

x = x ' a

x = x ' 1

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tvr : y ' = y + b y = y ' b y = y ' 3 .

N ( x ' 1; y ' 3) d ' : 2 x y 3 = 0 2 ( x ' 1) ( y ' 3) 3 = 0 2 x ' y ' 2 = 0 .

Vy d " : 2 x y 2 = 0 .
d) Gi Tur ( ( C ) ) = ( C ') .
2
2
ng trn ( C ) : ( x 2 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 9 c tm I ( 2; 2 ) v bn knh R = 3 .
Gi I ' ( x '; y ') l nh ca I ( 2; 2 ) qua php tnh tin Tur : Tur ( I ) = I ' .

x' = x + a = 2 + 2 = 4

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y ' = y + b = 2 3 = 5 I ' ( 4; 5 ) .

Gi I " ( x "; y ") l nh ca I ' ( 4; 5 ) qua php tnh tin Tvr : Tvr ( I ') = I " .
x" = x + a = 4 + 1 = 5

Biu thc to ca php tnh tin Tur : y " = y + b = 5 + 3 = 2 I " ( 5; 2 ) .

ng trn (C) c tm I " ( 5; 2 ) v bn knh R = 3 .


2
2
( C ") : ( x 5 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 9 .
Bi 5. Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c 2 nh A,
B c nh, tm I thay i trn ng trn (O).
B
Tm tp hp trung im ca cnh BC.
Gii
Do I l tm hnh bnh hnh ABCD, v M l
trung im BC nn ta c
uuur 1 uuur
IM = AB .
2

Suy ra M l nh ca I qua php tnh tin theo


vecto

r 1 uuur
v = AB .
2

C
M
I
O'
D
O

M im I di ng trn ng

trn (O). Vy tp hp im M nm trn ng


trn (O) l nh ca (O) qua php tnh tin theo
r

1 uuur
2

vecto v = AB .
Bi 6. Cho im A c nh trn ng trn (O,R) v im B lu ng trn ng trn
ny. Dng hai hnh bnh hnh OAMB, OABN. Hy tm tp hp 2 im M, N.
Gii.

ThS inh Xun Nhn


Do OABN l hnh
bnh hnh nn ta c
uuur uuur
BN = AO .
Suy rauN
l nh ca B qua php tnh tin theo
uur
vecto AO . Mt khc, B di ng trn ng trn
(O). Vy tp hp nhng im N thuc ng
trn (O) l nh ca ung
trn (O) qua php
uur
tnh tin theo vecto AO .
Lp lun tng t, M nm trn ng trn tm
A, bn knh AO.
ThS inh Xun Nhn

M
B
N

A
O
O'

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