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Overview on (biogas) upgrading technologies

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

BIOGASMAX
Biogas as vehicle fuel Market Expansion to 2020 Air Quality

The overall objective is the demonstration of the well to wheel path biogas production, upgrading to biomethane, distribution and utilisation as vehicle fuel
[ISET]

Activities ISET:
! ! ! !

Monitoring and evaluation of biogas production plants Monitoring and evaluation of biogas upgrading plants Tests using new technologies for biogas pretreatment Knowledge transfer in the area of biogas production and upgrading to biomethane

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

BIOGASMAX
Biogas as vehicle fuel Market Expansion to 2020 Air Quality

Monitoring programme and demonstration sites:


! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Berne (CH)! Lucerne (CH)! 2xLille (F)! Gteborg (S)! Falkping (S)! Vsteras (S)! Linkping (S) Stockholm (S)!

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

What is Biogas?

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

What is biogas?
! Gas mixture ! Produced in an anaerobic digestion process ! Possible feedstock material: All good degradable organic materials ! Digester sludge ! Manure (liquid & solid) ! Organic waste (Household waste, restaurant waste, food industry waste, etc.) ! Energy crops (silage of maize, grass, corn, etc.)

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Composition of biogas:
! Methane CH4 (50 75 %)

! Main component of natural gas


! Carbon dioxide CO2 ! Water H2O ! Nitrogen N2 ! Oxygen O2 ! Ammonia NH3 ! Hydrogen sulphide H2S ! Other trace gases (e.g. hydrogen, siloxanes, etc.)

(25 45 %)

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Different kinds of biogas


corresponding to different kinds of feedstock:
! Sewage gas / Sludge gas (wastewater treatment plants) ! Biogas from agricultural sources (manure, energy crops) ! Biogas from waste " or mixtures of it (so called Co-digestion) ! Landfill gas

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Different kinds of biogas in the project


corresponding to different kinds of feedstock:
! Sewage gas / Sludge gas (wastewater treatment plants) ! Biogas from agricultural sources (manure, energy crops) ! Biogas from waste " or mixtures of it (so called Co-digestion) ! Landfill gas

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Primary production of biogas in Europe 2007


In ktOE (1.000 tons oil equivalent): EU: 5.901 ktOE = 69 TWh

[EurObserv ER, 2007] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

How to produce biomethane?

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Overview biogas upgrading technologies (for CO2 - reduction)

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Pressure Swing Adsorption

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Pressure Swing Adsorption

H2S

H2O

CO2

[ISET, 2008]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Pressure Swing Adsorption


Gasmolekle CH4 N2/O 2 H2O/H S 2 CO2 Adsorption: Regeneration: Gasdruck Gasdruck hoch niedrig Bio-Erdgas

Kohlenstoffmolekularsieb

DRUCKWECHSELADSORPTION (deutsch kurz "DWA" /englisch kurz "PSA")

Verdichter Biogas CH4 / CO / N / O / H O / HS 2 2 2 2 2

Vakuumpumpe Abgas CO2 / N / O / H O / HS 2 2 2 2

[CarboTech, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Pressure Swing Adsorption: 2000 Nm"/h

[CarboTech, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Water scrubber

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Water Scrubber (with regeneration)

H2O

CO2 H2S
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

[ISET, 2008]

Water Scrubber (with regeneration)

[ISET, 2008]

[Gteborg Energi, 2008]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Physical Absorption/Scrubber (using organic solvents)

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Physical Absorption/Scrubber (using organic solvents)

CO2 H2S H2O


Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

[ISET, 2008]

Chemical Absorption/Scrubber (using organic solvents)

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Chemical Absorption/Scrubber (using organic solvents)

H2O

H2S

CO2

[ISET, 2008]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Amine-scrubber in Gothenburg/Sweden

[Gteborg Energi, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

High pressure membrane separation

Adsorption

Absorption

Permeation

Cryogenic upgrading

Pressure swing adsorption

Water scrubber

High pressure membrane separation

Physical absorption (organic solvents)

Low pressure membrane separation

Chemical Absorption (organic solvents)

[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

High pressure membrane separation


Retentate Feed Permeate

Feed

Retentate

Permeate
[ISET, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Energy demand biogas upgrading

[ISET nach Schw albenbach, Lange/Dalkia; Beil/ISET, 2008]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Costs biogas upgrading Investment costs: ca. 1,2 1,5 Mio. ! (1.000 Nm"/h BG*) ca. 0,5 0,8 Mio. ! (250 Nm"/h BG*) Specific operational costs: ca. 7 13 !/MWh (1.000 Nm"/h BG*) ca. 13 17 !/MWh (250 Nm"/h BG*) *BG= raw BioGas
[ISET, Beil; Dalkia, Schw albenbach/Lange, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Availability and maintenance costs biogas upgrading unit (1.000 Nm"/h raw gas)
100% 98% 96% 70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 chem. Absorption DWW Membran phys.org. Abs. PSA

94% 92% 90% 88% 86%

Wartungskosten !/a

Verfgbarkeit

Verfgbarkeit Wartungskosten

[ISET, Beil; Dalkia, Schw albenbach/Lange, 2008] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Biogas upgrading in Europe number of plants


Chemical Absorption organic solvents Physical Absorption 9 organic solvents Membrane 7 4

Cryogenic 1

PSA 33

Water Scrubber 32

[ISET, 10/08] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Biogas upgrading in Europe raw gas capacities in Nm"/h


Physical Absorption organic solvents; 2.170 Chemical Absorption organic solvents; 4.900 Membrane; 778 Cryogenic; 1.600 PSA; 15.193

Water Scrubber; 31.935

[ISET, 10/08] Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Biogas upgrading in Europe


30000 25000

Cpacity [Nm_/h]

20000 15000 10000 5000 0

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[ISET, 10/08]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Biogas upgrading to produce biomethane as vehicle fuel or grid injection


! "Upgrading technologies are available and there is an experience of more than 20 years available. # "For the production of vehicle fuel & grid injection the same upgrading technologies can be used. $ "Currently there is no international standard regarding the gas quality for grid injection and the use as vehicle fuel available (only national standards: e.g. Austria, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland) % "There is no equal quality for natural gas

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

...questions?

Thank you...
[Copyright: Schmack Biogas AG]

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

Further reading:

Proceedings available at:

www.iset.de www.fnr.de

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uw e Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology European Biomethane Fuel Conference, Gteborg/Sw eden, 2009-09-09

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