Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT

BI THC HNH Kt ni thit b mng v chia mng con - S dng Packet Tracer
I. GII THIU CHNG TRNH +) Packet Tracer l mt phn mm ca Cisco gip chng ta thit k mt h thng mng o vi mi tnh hung ging nh tht. Packet Tracer c dng rt nhiu trong hu ht cc chng trnh ging dy v hun luyn ti cc trng hay cc trung tm. Cc hng xng cng dng Packet Tracer v v thit k h thng mng ca mnh. +) Vi Packet Tracer bn c th t to mt mng o vi y cc thit b, truyn thng (traffic) v my ch. Bn c th cu hnh cc routers, switches, wireless access points, servers, v cc thit b u cui (end devices). Nhng tnh nng chnh ca chng trnh : + Logical Workspace Vng lm vic Logic : Bn c th to c nhiu kiu mng ( bus , star.), s dng cc thit b c sn hoc c th thm cc modul nu cn thit . S dng cc router , hub , switch , Wireless access point .Cc thit b c kt ni theo nhiu kiu khc nhau. + Physical Workspace Vng lm vic vt l . Cho bn bit cc thit b c t , t chc nh th no trong mt phng sau khi bn thit k mng mc logic Physical Workspace c chia lm 4 mc: Intercity, City, Building, and Wiring Closet Intercity ( lin thnh ph) : c th c nhiu city. + Realtime Mode Ch thi gian thc Cho php bn cu hnh router , switch, s dng cc cu lnh nh ping, show. ng thi kim tra cc thit b khi di chut n mt i tng no . V d : Khi bn di chut ti mt con routerth mt cc cng trn n s hin ra cho bn bit c a ch IP.

Protocols Cc giao thc LAN: Ethernet (bao gm CSMA/CD), 802.11 Switching: VLANs, 802.1q, trunking, VTP, DTP, STP TCP/IP: HTTP, DHCP, Telnet, TFTP, DNS, TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, v ARP Routing: tnh, default, RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, VLAN routing. NAT (tnh, ng ); ACLs; CDP WAN: HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay. + Simulation Mode Ch gi lp ch ny bn c th nhn thy mng hot ng tng bc chm , quan st cc tuyn ng m gi tin i v kim tra chng mt cch chi tit. Cho bn bit c hnh trnh ca cc gi tin ,s hot ng ca m hnh OSI , chi tit thnh phn bn trong mi PDU,

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT II. LM QUEN VI CHNG TRNH

* Ch thi gian thc: Bn c th la chn cc thit b ri sau ko, th vo khong trng gia mn hnh . Click vo tng thit b cu hnh cho tng thit b . * Ch simualtion : Bn c th to ra cc PDU cng bng cch ko th v s xem c chi tit cc trng sau khi gi tin c pht i . * Bn c th m nhng bi lab c sn trong chng trnh hoc bn c th t thit k mt mng theo mnh luyn tp cu hnh cho cc router, switch III. NHNG KHNG GIAN LM VIC C BN. Logical workspace- khng gian lm vic mc logic. y l ni m bn c th xy dng mng v cu hnh mng. ch thi gian thc bn c th s dng khng gian ny thc hnh cc bi lab . to ra cc thit b , bn chn cc thit b t hp (ko, th ) Network Component nh hnh sau

Sau khi chn c thit b , bn c th : + Thm mi mt modul vo thit b ci t thm interface. Phi tt ngun (click vo nt power trn thit b) trc khi gn thm modul

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT

+ La chn cable kt ni thit b (cng t hp Network Component).

+ Cu hnh cc tham s cho thit b nh a ch IP bng cch click chut vo thit b cn cu hnh. Sau khi cu hnh xong, thot khi khung hi thoi bng cch n vo nt X gc trn bn phi . + Cng c th cu hnh nng cao v xem cc thng tin ca mng t CLI interface trn mt router hoc switch. Sau khi chn cc thit b v cu hnh xong ( cc thit b u thng vi nhau ) lu li bi lab va thit k bng cch vo FILE / Save v chn ni cn lu.

IV. CC CH X L Packet tracer c hai ch x l l : ch real time hay cn gi l thi gian thc , mng tr li cc hnh ng ca bn ngay lp tc nh cc thit b tht . V d : Ngay sau khi bn to mt kt ni Ethernet, ng nh sng kt ni s xut hin ch ra trng thi kt ni . Hoc l khi bn s dng cc lnh ping , showkt qu s hin ra . ch Simualtion mode bn c c mt s iu khin trc tip vic i ca cc PDU qua mng. Bn c th thy c gi tin i qua cc on mng tng bc nhanh hay chm ty theo mnh. Bn c th to ra mt gi tin ping t thit b ny ti thit b khc. Bn cng c th bit c cc kiu ca thng tin c xc nh trong PDU. Tuy nhin trng thi hot ng ca mng vn ch thi gian thc v d : nu nh bn tt mt thit b no th n s bo . V khi nu bn

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT gi mt gi tin th s khng thnh cng. 1. Real-time . ch ny chng ta c th thit k mt mng , v cu hnh cho thit b . V d chng ta c mt router v mt PC (thc hin nh mc II.1). Ta c nh hnh v sau:

ng kt ni mu v my tnh cha c gn IP , cng trn router cng cha c gn IP. 2. Simulation mode trn chng ta s dng lnh Ping kim tra kt ni t PC ti router ch Real-Time. Gi chng ta s dng ch gi lp kim tra xem gi tin ping c hnh thnh v i ti router nh th no . chuyn sang mode gi lp bn n shift + S hoc n vo biu tng sau ch real-time.

Sau khi chuyn sang ch gi lp ca s xut hin nh sau : Thit k mng my tnh

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT By gi to mt gi tin Ping bn chn biu tng : ct ngoi cng bn tay phi . Sau mt biu tng phong b xut hin , bn click vo PC0 v sau li click vo router . Sau ta thy gi tin chuyn sang mu .

Gi ta bt u kim tra xem gi tin i nh th no : Ta click vo nt nh hnh v sau trong bng simulation panel.

V ta thy gi tin i sang bn router .

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT By gi ta xem gi tin mu xanh gi ti router cha thng tin g bng cch click vo nh hnh v sau ch ra :

Mt bng thng tin hin ra :

ngha: PC2 s dng ARP tm a ch Mac khi bit a ch IP 10.0.0.3 Chn tab Outbound PDU details ta c

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT

Sau ta li tip tc click capture/forward v lm li tng bc trn ta s xem c thng tin cui cng sau khi gi tin ping kt thc l :

Trn y l mt v d n gin v vic theo di mt gi tin i nh th no trn mng. Ngoi ra bn c th chn nhiu ng dng khc v d nh FTP, HTTP, bit c gi tin i nh th mt cch chi tit hn , cc lp mng trong m hnh TCP/IP.

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT V. Phn thc hnh

Cho topo mng nh trn, s dng a ch IP 10.0.0.0/8 chia cc mng con l 10.0.1.0/24 v 10.0.2.0/24 thit lp a ch cho cc cng kt ni Trong bi ny chng ta lm quen vi cc thit b mng nh l Router, Switch; cu hnh cc lnh c bn ln Router v Switch sao cho cc thit b trong mng kt ni c vi nhau v cui cng m bo file cu hnh ca Router khng mt i khi tt v khi ng li s thc thc sao chp file cu hnh t Router ln PC (Server-PT) thng qua giao thc tftp. thc hin c cc iu cn nm r 1 s vn sau: 1) Router v Switch trong phn thc hnh ny s cu hnh bng dng lnh thng vic truy cp vo Router hoc Switch da vo cc mode sau y - User Mode hay User EXEC Mode : y l mode u tin khi bn bt u mt phin lm vic vi router. mode ny bn ch c th thc hin c mt s lnh thng thng ca router. Cc lnh ny ch c tc dng mt ln nh lnh show hay lnh clear mt s cc counter ca router hay interface. Cc lnh ny s khng c ghi vo file cu hnh ca router v do khng gy nh hng n cc ln khi ng sau ca router. - Privileged EXEC Mode : vo Privileged EXEC Mode, t User EXEC mode sau du nhc > bn g lnh enable g lnh enable v password (nu cn) du nhc chuyn sang du "#". Privileged EXEC Mode cung cp cc lnh quan trng theo di hot ng ca router, truy cp vo cc file cu hnh, IOS, t cc password Privileged EXEC Mode l cha kha vo Configuration Mode, cho php cu hnh tt c cc chc nng hot ng ca router. - Configuration Mode : vo Configuration Mode, t Privileged EXEC Mode du nhc # g lnh config terminal du nhc chuyn sang du (config)#. cho php cu hnh tt c cc chc nng ca Cisco router bao gm cc interface, cc routing protocol, cc line console, vty (telnet), tty (async connection). Cc lnh trong configuration mode s nh hng trc tip n cu hnh hin hnh ca router cha trong RAM (running-configuration). Nu cu hnh ny c ghi li vo NVRAM, cc lnh ny s c tc dng trong nhng ln khi ng sau ca router. 2) Mt s lnh c bn trn Router v trn Switch (lu cc lnh lin quan n cu hnh bt buc phi thc hin ti Configuration Mode) a> Cc lnh c bn trn Router - t tn cho Router : Mc nh khi khi ng ln u Router c tn l Router t tn s dng lnh Router(config)#hostname hostname , tn l do ngi dng la chn g vo, v d

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT

Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)# - t mt khu: Mt m c s dng hn ch vic truy cp vo router. Khi mi khi ng Router lun lun trng thi console 0 (Router con0 is now available) v phi n Enter mi vo c User Mode, y l tp lnh t mt cho line console Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#password password Router(config-line)#login - Mt khu enable secret c s dng hn ch vic truy cp vo Privileged EXEC Mode, lnh Router(config)#enable secret password - Mt m c hin th r rng khi s dng lnh show running-config hoc show startup-config. trnh iu ny bn nn dng lnh sau m ho tt c cc mt m hin th trn tp tin cu hnh ca router Router(config)#service password-encryption - Cc cng Ethernet nh l FastEthent0 hoc Ethent0/1 mc nh ang ng v cha cu hnh a ch IP v subnetmask, cu hnh cho 1 cng Ethenet c th thc hin tp lnh sau Router(config)#interface tn_cng_kt_ni Router(config-if)#ip address ip subnetmask Subnetmask cho cng c gi thnh cng Router(config-if)#no shutdown m hay khi ng cng - lnh interface gi 1 cng kt ni - lnh ip adress thit lp a ch IP v - cc cng mc nh ang ng, s dng lnh ny

- Lu cu hnh va ri bng lnh (thc hin ti Privileged EXEC Mode) Router#copy running-config startup-config (enter 2 ln) C th dng lnh copy running-config tftp sao chp tp tin cu hnh ang chy trn router vo TFTP server. Sau y l cc bc thc hin: Bc 1: nhp lnh copy running-config tftp. Bc 2: nhp a ch IP ca my m chng ta s lu tp tin cu hnh ln . Bc 3: nhp tn tp tin. Bc 4: xc nhn li cu lnh bng cch tr li yes b> Cc lnh c bn trn Switch Cc lnh c bn trn Switch tng i ging vi cc lnh c bn trn Router ch khc l trn Switch khng thit lp cu hnh cho cng Ethernet c th m ch thit lp cho Vlan no cha cng m thi. Mc nh tt c cc cng trn Switch u nm trong Vlan 1 thit lp vi tp lnh sau Switch(config)#interface vlan 1 - gi vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#ip address ip subnetmask - thit lp ip v subnetmask cho vlan 1, cc cng nm trong vlan 1 c gi tr ging vi vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#no shutdown - m cng Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#ip default-getway (default-gateway mi ng) ip - thit lp a ch ip default getway thng l a ch ca cng kt ni trc tip trn Router c> Sinh vin thc hin cc bc sau y ghi nhn li cc bc v kt qu ca cc bc Bc 1. M chng trnh Packet Tracer chn cc thit b v kt ni cc thit b nh trong topo mng cho v lu topo c tn l lab4.pkt Bc 2. t tn Router l Router1 v thit lp cc mt khu l lab4 Bc 3. Ti Router tr v User Mode v ng nhp li cc mode vi mt khu to Bc 4. t tn Switch l Switch1 v thit lp cc mt khu lab4

Khoa Mng My Tnh v Truyn Thng Trng DH CNTT

Bc 5. Ti Switch1 tr v User Mode v ng nhp li cc mode vi mt khu to Bc 6. Cu hnh a ch IP cho cc cng kt ni trn Router1 Bc 7. Cu hnh a ch IP cho vlan 1 trn Switch 1 Bc 8. Thit lp a ch IP cho PC0, PC0 cn phi c default getway chnh l a ch ca cng kt ni trc tip trn Router1 Bc 9. Thit lp a ch IP cho PC1, PC1 cn phi c default getway chnh l a ch ca cng kt ni trc tip trn Router1 Bc 10. Kim tra kt ni gia PC0, PC1, Router1 Bc 11. Thit lp a ch IP cho PC TFTP_server, PC TFTP_server cn phi c default getway chnh l a ch ca cng kt ni trc tip trn Router1 Bc 12. Kim tra kt ni PC TFTP_server n cc cng cn li Bc 13. Sao lu cu hnh ca Router1, Switch1 Bc 14. Sao lu cu hnh ca Router1, Switch1 ln tftp server