DTM nhà máy nhiệt điện

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
TNG CC MI TRNG
CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
HNG DN K THUT LP BO CO
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
D N NH MY NHIT IN
H NI, 10/2009
MC LC
LI NI U .....................................................................................................................5
LI NI U .....................................................................................................................5
CHNG 1. GII THIU TM TT D N NH MY NHIT IN .....................6
1.1. Khi qut v vic trin khai loi hnh d n Vit Nam: ........................................6
1.2. M t s lc v loi hnh d n: .............................................................................6
1.2.1. Cc thng tin chung v d n ............................................................................6
1.2.2. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng...........................................6
(1). Phng n s dng t ......................................................................................6
(2). Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng, n b, gii to, ti nh c ....................7
(3). Cc hot ng san lp mt bng........................................................................7
(4). Cc hot ng xy dng c bn ........................................................................7
(5). Trng cy xanh ..................................................................................................7
1.2.3. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh ...........................................7
1.2.3.1. Sn phm, cng sut ...................................................................................7
1.2.3.2. Cng ngh sn xut .....................................................................................7
1.2.3.3. My mc thit b .........................................................................................8
1.2.3.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, ho cht, nhin liu, din, nc phc v nh my
nhit din................................................................................................................11
1.2.3.5. Phng thc vn chuyn, cung cp v bo qun nguyn, nhin vt liu .12
1.2.3.6. Ngun cung cp nc, im ly nc v nhu cu v nc ......................12
1.2.3.7. Bin ch lao ng v t chc thc hin ....................................................12
1.2.4. u t d n.....................................................................................................13
1.2.5. Tin thc hin d n ...................................................................................13
CHNG 2. THU THP S LIU, KHO ST V NH GI IU KIN T
NHIN V KINH T X HI TI KHU VC D N NH MY NHIT IN ....14
2.1. iu kin t nhin :.................................................................................................14
(1). Ti nguyn t .....................................................................................................17
(2). Cht lng nc ..................................................................................................17
(3). Cht lng khng kh ..........................................................................................18
(4). Ting n, rung ................................................................................................19
2.2. c im kinh t - x hi : ......................................................................................20
CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG CA D N NH MY NHIT IN TI
MI TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X HI .....................................................22
3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh chun b mt bng .........................22
3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng .......................................22
3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng ................................................22
3.2.2. nh gi tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng ...................................................23
(1). Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng:.............................23
(2). Tc ng n mi trng khng kh trong giai on xy dng......................24
(3). Tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on xy dng .................................24
(4). Cht thi rn trong giai on xy dng ...........................................................24
3.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ........................................24
3.3.1. Cc ngun cht thi trong giai on vn hnh .................................................24
3.3.2. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng vt l ...................................................25
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh.........................................................25
3.3.2.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc.................................................................27
1
3.3.2.3. Tc ng n mi trng t ....................................................................28

3.3.2.4. Cht thi rn ..............................................................................................29
3.3.2.5. nhim nhit............................................................................................29
3.3.3. Tc ng n cc h sinh thi ..........................................................................30
3.3.4. Tc ng n kinh t - x hi ..........................................................................30
3.3.4.1. Tc ng n x hi ..................................................................................30
3.3.4.2. Tc ng n c s h tng ......................................................................31
3.3.4.3. Tc ng ti cc cng trnh vn ho, lch s v kho c ..........................31
3.3.4.4. Tc ng ti sc khe cng ng .............................................................31
3.4. nh gi ri ro, s c..............................................................................................32
3.4.1. S c mi trng trong giai on chun b mt bng v xy dng .................32
(1). S c tai nn lao ng .....................................................................................32
(2). S c chy n ..................................................................................................32
(3). S c tai nn giao thng ..................................................................................32
3.4.2. S c mi trng trong giai on vn hnh nh my ......................................32
(1). S c tai nn lao ng .....................................................................................32
(2). S c r r, trn ho cht ............................................................................33
(3). S c r r, trn nhin liu ..........................................................................33
(4). S c tai nn giao thng ..................................................................................33
(5). S c chy n ..................................................................................................33
CHNG 4. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG TIU CC CA D
N NH MY NHIT IN N MI TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X
HI ....................................................................................................................................34
4.1. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on chun b d n............34
4.2. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on xy dng d n ..........35
4.2.1. Cc bin php t chc thi cng xy dng ........................................................35
4.2.2. Cc bin php kim sot nhim trong hot ng ca cng nhn .................36
4.2.3. Cc bin php an ton lao ng .......................................................................36
4.3. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on hot ng d n .........36
4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi trong giai on hot ng.............................36
(1). Kim sot kh thi t l hi t than ...............................................................37
(2). Kim sot bi trong qu trnh bc xp ............................................................38
(3). Kim sot kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng ........................................38
(4). Cc bin php khng ch nhim ting n ....................................................39
(5). Cc bin php bo m vi kh hu ..................................................................39
4.3.2. Gim thiu tc ng do nc thi ....................................................................39
(1). Nc thi sn xut:..........................................................................................40
(2). Nc thi sinh hot: ........................................................................................40
(3). Nc ma chy trn: .......................................................................................41
4.3.3. Gim thiu tc ng mi trng ca cht thi rn...........................................41
(1). Bin php chung:.............................................................................................41
(2). Cht thi rn cng nghip ...............................................................................41
4.3.4. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc n cc h sinh thi ...................42
4.3.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc n mi trng kinh t - x hi nhn vn .....................................................................................................................42
4.4. Bin php gim thiu, phng nga v ng ph cc s c mi trng ...................42
4.4.1. Phng chng chy n .......................................................................................43
2
4.4.2. H thng chng st ..........................................................................................43

4.4.3. Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu ...............................................................44
4.4.3.1. H thng kho b cha ...............................................................................44
4.4.3.2. Vn ti v qu trnh nhp xut nhin liu .................................................44
4.4.3.3. Phng n x l s c r r.......................................................................44
4.4.3.4. Qun l ri ro ca cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut ...........................44
CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V QUAN TRC, GIM ST MI
TRNG ...........................................................................................................................46
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ...........................................................................46
5.2. Chng trnh quan trc, gim st mi trng .........................................................46
5.3.1. i tng, ch tiu quan trc, gim st mi trng .........................................47
5.3.1.1. Gim st cht thi .....................................................................................47
5.3.1.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh .............................................................47
5.3.2. D tr kinh ph cho gim st, quan trc mi trng ........................................49
CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG ........................................................50
6.1. nh ngha v cng ng ........................................................................................50
6.2. Hng dn v tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin ......................................50
CHNG 7. CU TRC CA BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG53
M U .......................................................................................................................54
1. Xut x ca d n: .................................................................................................54
2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng
(TM): .......................................................................................................................54
3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM:.........................................................54
4. T chc thc hin TM: .......................................................................................54
Chng 1: M T TM TT D N ........................................................................55
1.1. Tn d n: ...........................................................................................................55
1.2. Ch d n: ...........................................................................................................55
1.3. V tr a l ca d n: ........................................................................................55
1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n: ..............................................................................55
Chng 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI ........56
2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng: ......................................................................56
2.2. iu kin kinh t x hi: ..................................................................................56
Chng 3: NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG ........................................57
3.1. nh gi tc ng: ..............................................................................................57
3.2. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi: .................................57
Chng 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG
PH S C MI TRNG ........................................................................................57
4.1. i vi cc tc ng xu: ...................................................................................58
4.2. i vi s c mi trng: ...................................................................................58
Chng 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ..............58
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng: ......................................................................58
5.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng: ....................................................................58
Chng 6: THAM VN KIN CNG NG.........................................................59
6.1. kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x....................................................................59
6.2. kin ca y ban Mt trn T quc cp x. .....................................................59
6.3. kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca y ban nhn dn
cp x v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x: ..............................................................59
3
1. Kt lun: .................................................................................................................59
2. Kin ngh:...............................................................................................................59
3. Cam kt: .................................................................................................................59
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................61
PH LC...........................................................................................................................62
PH LC I. PHIU IU TRA KINH T - X HI.................................................62
PH LC II. CC PHNG PHP NH GI TC NG MI TRNG S
DNG CHO LOI HNH D N ...............................................................................63
LI NI U
Nm 2001 Cc Mi trng, B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng xy dng
hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) D n Nhit in ph hp
vi Lut Bo v Mi trng (BVMT) c Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng
qua ngy 27/12/1993 v Ch tch Nc k lnh cng b ngy 10/01/1994 v Ngh nh
175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph v Hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v Mi
trng. T khi ra i, bn hng dn ny c cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi
trng, cc c quan t vn mi trng v cc nh my nhit in trn phm vi c nc
p dng trong qu trnh lp v thm nh bo co TM cho cc D n nhit in.
Tuy nhin, bn hng dn lp bo co TM D n Nhit in tr ln li thi k t
khi Quc hi Nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua Lut Bo v Mi
trng ngy 29/11/2005 thay th cho Lut BVMT nm 1993. Tip theo Chnh ph
ban hnh Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 v/v Quy nh chi tit v hng
dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
ban hnh Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 v Hng dn nh gi mi
trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Ngy
28/02/2008, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP v/v sa i, b sung mt
s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s
iu Lut Bo v mi trng v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Thng t s
05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc,
nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng thay th Thng t s 08/2006/TTBTNMT. Trc tnh hnh vic b sung, cp nht, xy dng li hng dn k thut lp
bo co TM D n nhit in ph hp vi cc quy nh hin hnh, c kh nng ho
nhp quc t l cn thit v cp bch.
Nhm p ng tnh hnh nu trn, c php ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng,
Tng Cc Mi trng, Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng t chc
nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co TM chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn
ny mang tnh hng dn k thut khng ch cho cc ch u t, cc c quan t vn lp
bo co TM ca cc D n m cn gip cho cc c quan qun l nh nc trong cng
tc thm nh bo co TM.
c s ti tr ca Hp phn Kim sot nhim ti cc khu vc ng dn ngho
(PCDA), Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng hon chnh bn Hng dn
k thut lp bo co TM D n nhit in.
Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng xin gii thiu hng dn k thut
lp bo co TM D n Nhit in. Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh
khn, vng mt xin kp thi phn nh v Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi
trng theo a ch:
Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng
83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni
in thoi: 844-37734246
Fax: 844-37734916
CHNG 1. GII THIU TM TT D N NH MY NHIT IN

Yu cu : Ni dung m t s lc v D n phi c trnh by mt cch r rng, d
hiu v cn c minh ha bng nhng s liu, biu bng, s t l thch hp.
1.1. Khi qut v vic trin khai loi hnh d n Vit Nam:
Nhu cu ln v nng lng ni chung, in nng ni ring c bit trong thi k
cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc s l ng lc gia tng mnh s lng cc d n
sn xut in nng mi quy m. Hot ng sn xut ny s em li hiu qu kinh t
cao, p ng nhu cu rt bc bch v in nng nc ta song cng l loi hnh cng
nghip c nhiu tim nng gy nhim, suy thoi cho hu ht cc thnh phn mi trng
trn quy m ln.
Th tng Chnh ph c Quyt nh s 110/2007/Q-TTg ph duyt Quy hoch
pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006 - 2015 c xt n nm 2025 (gi tt l Quy
hoch in VI). Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny l danh mc cc d n in s i vo
vn hnh. Theo nm 2007 s a vo h thng thm 2.096 MW, 2008 l 3.721MW,
2009 l 3.393 MW, 2010 l 4.960 MW, nm 2011 l 5.401 MW, 2012 l 6.554 MW,
2013 l 7.309 MW, 2014 l 7.177 MW v 2015 l 7.722 MW.
1.2. M t s lc v loi hnh d n:
1.2.1. Cc thng tin chung v d n
Cn c vo Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh, d n u t xy dng cng trnh,
bo co kinh t-k thut ca D n, vic m t s lc D n Nh my nhit in c th
c th hin theo cc ni dung chnh di y:
(1). Tn d n : Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co u t xy dng cng trnh,
d n u t xy dng cng trnh, bo co kinh t-k thut hoc ti liu tng ng ca
d n.
(2). Ch d n : Nu y tn ca c quan ch d n, a ch lin h vi c quan
ch d n; h tn v chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n.
(3). V tr a l ca d n
M t r rng v tr a l (gm c ta , ranh gii...) ca a im thc hin d n
trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng ng giao thng; h thng
sng sui, ao h v cc vc nc khc; h thng i ni ...), cc i tng v kinh t - x
hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut - kinh doanh - dch v, cc cng trnh
vn ho - tn gio, cc di tch lch s ...) v cc i tng khc xung quanh khu vc d
n, km theo s v tr a l th hin cc i tng ny, c ch gii r rng.
1.2.2. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on xy dng
(1). Phng n s dng t
M t r phng n s dng t ca d n, bao gm cc hng mc cng trnh xy
dng xng sn xut, bi cha nguyn liu, kho cha nhin liu, vn phng; cc hng
mc h tng k thut (ng giao thng, bn cng, cp in, cp nc, thot nc, thng
6
tin lin lc, h thng x l nc thi, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn); t cy xanh, mt
nc Trnh by r din tch tng hng mc cng trnh, t l % trn tng mt bng d
n. Lp s phn b mt bng d n, ch r trn s tng hng mc cng trnh.
(2). Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng, n b, gii to, ti nh c
M t r hin trng khu t d n bao gm cc s liu o c, kim k hoa mu, vt
kin trc; s h dn v nhn khu b tc ng do gii to; s m m phi di di c
tnh kinh ph n b; ch r phng n ti nh c (s h ti nh c, v tr ti nh c).
(3). Cc hot ng san lp mt bng
M t r khi lng t b mt b bc tch trc khi san lp; phng n thi b t
bc tch. M t cao san lp mt bng; c tnh khi lng t ct cn thit cho cng
tc san lp; ngun t ct san lp, phng tin vn chuyn t ct san lp (ng b hay
ng thu).
(4). Cc hot ng xy dng c bn
M t cc hot ng xy dng c bn bao gm xy dng xng sn xut, bi cha
nguyn liu, kho cha nhin liu, vn phng; cc hng mc h tng k thut (ng giao
thng, bn cng, cp in, chiu sng, cp nc, thot nc, thng tin lin lc, h thng
x l nc thi, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn); c tnh tng khi lng cc loi nguyn
vt liu s dng cho xy dng c bn (, ct, xi mng, gch, st thp ); xc nh
ngun cung cp v phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n. Lp s h thng ng
giao thng, cp nc, thot nc ma, thu gom v x l nc thi.
(5). Trng cy xanh
M t h thng cy xanh, din tch, v tr b tr cy xanh. Lu tng din tch cy
xanh khng thp hn 15% tng din tch khu t d n. Lp s b tr h thng cy
xanh trn khu t n.
1.2.3. Cc hot ng ca d n trong giai on vn hnh
1.2.3.1. Sn phm, cng sut
Sn phm ca Nh my nhit in l nng lng phc v sn xut v bn trn th
trng theo quy nh ca Vit Nam. Cng sut ca nh my nhit in c xc nh
bng Kwh hay MW/nm.
1.2.3.2. Cng ngh sn xut
S quy trnh cng ngh ca d n Nh my nhit in c trnh by trong hnh

1.
Nhin liu
Nhit
L hi
Nc chm thm
Hi nc p sut cao
Tua bin my pht in
Hi trung p, thp p
Lng hi cn li
in nng (220KV)
Thit b ngng t
Nc ngng t
Hnh 1: S cng ngh ca D n nh my nhit in.

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:
Nhin liu chnh sn xut in v hi l than, du, kh ng hnh v cc cht c
th cht c khc. Mt s nguyn liu c s dng l nc kh khong v mt s
ph gia cn thit khc nh Hygen (cht ty xy) v cht ty g. Amin s c a vo
nc kh khong. Khi nc kh khong c t nng nhit cao tr thnh hi
nc p sut cao, sau hi nng chuyn ng s y tua bin hoc my pht in quay
t vn tc xc nh. Cc b tua bin/my pht s sn sinh ra in nng v hi nc cc
mc p sut thp hn. in nng s c cp vo li in 220 KV ni vi trm bin th
sau ti vo ng dy 22KV cung cp nng lng cho cc nh my. Cc loi hi
vi p sut thp hn s c truyn n cc nh my khc ti s dng phc v sn
xut.
Cc my pht in c iu khin t ng bng h thng kim sot k thut s do
h thng my tnh hin i iu khin.
1.2.3.3. My mc thit b
Danh mc thit b k thut ca d n Nh my nhit in c trnh by trong bng
1.
Bng 1: Danh mc thit b k thut chnh ca d n (V d cho nh my nhit in
t than)
Stt
Thit b
A
I
01
02
03
Thit b sn xut
H thng ni hi v ph tng
Ni hi v ph tng
Bn v ph tng
Thit b thay i nng v
ph tng
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
Van, thit b gim thanh v ph
tng
Nguyn vt liu
H thng bng ti
Tua bin hi nc, my pht
in v ph tng
Tua bin hi nc v ph tng
My pht in v ph tng
B ngng t v ph tng
H thng lm sch ng v ph
tng
My bm v ph tng
Thit b nng v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
B phn chuyn nhit
Nguyn vt liu
Thit b in
My bin th v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
B tch in, pin v ph tng
B chuyn mch my pht in
v ph tng
M t v ph tng
H thng iu khin phn phi
v ph tng
BUS DUCT v ph tng
Cp v ph tng
Thit b o (p lc, cng ,
nhit )
Van iu khin v ph tng
Thit b lc bi tnh in (EP)
v ph tng
H thng lc bi v ph tng
My bin th v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
My lm nng, qut gi v ph
04
05
06
07
08
II
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
III
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
IV
01
02
03
04
VT
S
lng
Chi tit k thut
Tnh
trng
Stt
05
06
07
08
V
01
02
03
04
VI
01
02
03
04
05
06
VII
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
B
I
01
02
03
04
05
II
01
02
03
Thit b
tng
Bn cha v ph tng
Ti lc, qut gi v ph tng
My v thit b d tro bay (gm
c dng t)
Nguyn vt liu
Thp lm lnh v ph tng
Thp lm lnh, qut v ph
tng
My bm v ph tng
M t v ph tng
Bn cha v ph tng
H thng kh lu hunh
trong kh thi (FGD)
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
My trn v ph tng
Thit b kim sot mi trng
v ph tng
a lc, thit b ngn sng m
v ph tng
Nguyn vt liu
Thit b n mn v ph tng
My bm v ph tng
Qut v ph tng
My trn v ph tng
Bn cha v ph tng
Ti lc v ph tng
Thit b nng v ph tng
Van xoay, b lc v ph tng
Nguyn vt liu
Cng trnh, thit b ph tr
C s h tng
Nh cha than v thit b
ng c diesel v ph tng
Bng iu khin ng c
diesel
Bn cha v ph tng
Ni hi p sut thp v ph
tng
X l nc thi
Bm v ph tng
Thit b trn v ph tng
My p xon v ph tng
VT
S
lng
Chi tit k thut
Tnh
trng
Mi
10
Stt
Thit b
04
05
Bn cha v ph tng
Thit b o (p lc, cng
, nhit , )
Trm in
GIS v ph tng
My bin th v thit b
Thit b chuyn mch v ph
tng
H thng qun l ngun v
ph tng
B tch in v ph tng
Thit b o MOF v ph tng
Cp v ph tng
Xng bo tr
Bng khi ng v ph tng
Bng vn hnh v ph tng
My nng v ph tng
My hn v ph tng
Phng tin vn chuyn
Thit b vn phng
III
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
IV
01
02
03
04
V
VI
VT
S
lng
Chi tit k thut
Tnh
trng
1.2.3.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, ho cht, nhin liu, din, nc phc v nh my

nhit din
Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu th v nhin liu ca d n Nh my nhit in c trnh
by trong cc bng 2 - 3.
Bng 2: Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu th v nhin liu ca Nh my nhit in .
Stt
Nguyn vt liu th
01
02
03
Than
Du nng FO
Nc kh
khong
Nc lc
Cht ty xi
(Hygen)
Ph gia ty g
NH3 (Amonic)
MgO
04
05
06
07
08
VT
Mc tiu th
(VT/nm)
n gi
(USD)
Ngun cung cp
D kin
Bng 3: Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu cung cp cho cng an x l nc cp

11
Stt
Nguyn vt liu th
01
02
Nc th
Clorua st hoc
sulfat nhm
Nc lc
HCl
NaOH
03
04
05
VT
Mc tiu th
(VT/nm)
n gi
(USD)
Ngun cung cp
D kin
1.2.3.5. Phng thc vn chuyn, cung cp v bo qun nguyn, nhin vt liu

(1). Than :
Lng than tiu th hng nm ca D n Nh my nhit in s c mua trong
nc hay nhp khu t nc ngoi. Phng thc vn chuyn c th bng tu bin v
cng, sau than s c vn chuyn bng xe t ti v nh cha than kn. Than t kho
s c chuyn qua bng ti kn v c kim sot bng thit b cn trng lng, sau
c nghin mn thnh bt bng my xay, cui cng bt than c sy kh bng kh
nng trc khi thi vo l hi t. Nh vy, bi than pht sinh t kho cha pht tn ra
ngoi khng kh s c kim sot mt cch hiu qu.
(2). Du FO
Du nng c th s c s dng lm nhin liu t pht in. Du nng c mua
th trng trong nc hoc xut khu, sau c vn chuyn n nh my bng
ng ng hay xe tc. Ti nh my, du nng s c lu tr trong cc bn cha.
(3). Ho cht
Cc ho cht s dng cho nh my nhit in bao gm cht kh oxy, ph gia ty g,
amonic, nhm sulfat, mui st, axit clohydric, kim, s c nhp t nc ngoi hay
mua trong nc, sau c vn chuyn n khu vc d n bng xe chuyn dng hoc
xe ti. Cc loi nguyn liu ny s c lu tr, bo qun trong kho hoc bn cha c
bit trong khu vc nh my.
Tt c cc nguyn liu ho cht trn cn c bo qun, qun l v x l cng nh
tiu hu theo ng cc quy phm k thut ca Vit Nam.
1.2.3.6. Ngun cung cp nc, im ly nc v nhu cu v nc
Nu r ngun cung cp nc cho nh my nhit in (Nc sng, h ).
Nc th c x l, sau bm vo ng dn n b cha nc. T b cha, nc
s c phn phi cho nh my nhit in. Nc cung cp cho h thng phng chy cha
chy cng c ly t ngun ny.
1.2.3.7. Bin ch lao ng v t chc thc hin
Trong phn ny trnh by v s lng cn b, cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh
my nhit in; s ngy lm vic trong 01 nm; s gi trong 1 ca, s ca lm vic trong 1
ngy; t chc qun l v thc hin d n. Ngoi ra, cn trnh by v ngun lao ng v
cng tc o to lao ng.
12
1.2.4. u t d n
Cn trnh by v tng mc u t v ngun vn u t ca d n, nu r vn u t
cho xy dng c bn, mua sm my mc thit b, trong c vn u t cho cc cng
trnh bo v mi trng.
1.2.5. Tin thc hin d n
Trnh by v lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca D n t giai on
chun b n giai on hon thnh a cng trnh vo hot ng.
13
CHNG 2. THU THP S LIU, KHO ST V NH GI

IU KIN T NHIN V KINH T X HI TI KHU VC D
N NH MY NHIT IN
Yu cu : Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu

tc ng ca qu trnh thc hin d n. nh gi mi trng nn l qu trnh xc
nh hin trng mi trng ca khu vc m d n d nh s thc hin.
Chng ny phi nh gi c cht lng mi trng ti khu vc d n thng qua
nhng s liu quan trc, o c cc ch tiu mi trng c trng cho hot ng ca
d n.
Cc s liu v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc d n l nhng cn c khoa hc
nh gi tc ng mi trng v nh gi hiu qu ca cc gii php gim thiu tc
ng tiu cc.
Cc s liu v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc d n cn t nhng yu cu cht
lng sau y:
- C tin cy, r rng v phi r ngun gc xut x. S liu ny c th ly t
nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau nh: cc trm quan trc mi trng quc gia v tnh,
cc cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc, kho st trong nhiu nm c cng b chnh
thc hoc s liu t tin hnh kho st, o c trong qu trnh lp bo co TM.
- Cc s liu, ti liu phi c thu thp, kho st, o c ti khu vc d n v vng
ln cn chu tc ng trc tip ca d n.
- Cc s liu phi c x l s b, h thng ho, r rng gip cho ngi nh gi d
dng phn tch tng hp, phn chia thnh cc nhm s liu, nhn nh c im ca
vng nghin cu.
- Phng php kho st, o c, ly mu, phn tch phi tun th cc Tiu chun, quy
chun hin hnh. Trong trng hp thiu cc Tiu chun, quy chun th s dng tiu
chun ca nc ngoi sau khi c php ca c quan qun l mi trng nh nc
v a phng.
- Cc my mc thit b o lng ngoi thc a v trong phng th nghim phi c
chun ho
2.1. iu kin t nhin :
Vic thu thp s liu, kho st v quan trc cc ch th mi trng t nhin phi y
lm c s nh gi hin trng mi trng trc khi thc hin d n, cng nh d
bo din bin mi trng khi thc hin d n. Tuy nhin, cng tc thu thp, o c, iu
tra cc s liu v mi trng, ti nguyn thin nhin phi tin hnh khu vc d n v
vng ln cn chu tc ng ca D n.
14
Hin trng mi trng t nhin, KT-XH ti khu vc D n nh my nhit in v

vng ln cn s c xc nh thng qua cc ch th c nu trong bng 4 di y.
Bng 4. Cc ch th mi trng v ti nguyn cn kho st khi lp TM D n Nh
my nhit in
TT
Mi trng v
Thng s
ti nguyn
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. iu kin t nhin
1.1
V tr a l
a danh, to v v tr a l ca
khu vc thc hin d n. V tr d
n trong mi quan h vi khu vc
ln cn.
1.2
c im a
M t nhng c im a hnh ca
hnh, a mo
khu vc d n mt cch chi tit
(ni, i, ng bng...)
1.3
c im kh
- Nhit
tng, kh hu, - Lng ma, m
thu vn
- Ch gi
- Cc hin tng thi tit bt
thng
- Lu lng, tc dng chy,
mc nc ca ngun tip nhn
nc thi
2. Ti nguyn thin nhin
2.1
Ti nguyn t - Tng din tch t t nhin v
cht lng t
- Hin trng s dng t (nng
nghip, lm nghip, chuyn dng,
t , t s dng khc, t cha
s dng)
2.2
Ti nguyn
- c im thu vn ti khu vc d
nc mt
n (sng, h, knh mng)
- Hin trng s dng ti nguyn
nc mt trong khu vc
2.3
Ti nguyn
- c im a cht thu vn khu
nc ngm (v vc (tng cha nc, tr lng,
nc khong) cht lng nc ngm).
- Hin trng khai thc v s dng.
2.4
Ti nguyn sinh Cc s liu v thm thc vt v h
vt
ng vt trong khu vc thc hin
d n. Cn c bit ch n
nhng chng loi c th ca khu
vc hoc c trong Sch
3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng vt l
Phng php kho st v

quan trc
(4)
Ti liu d n hoc atlat
quc gia
Ti liu d n hoc a l,
a cht khu vc
Ti liu ca cc trm kh
tng thu vn khu vc
v s liu quan trc ti
hin trng
Theo s liu thng k ca

a phng v ti liu iu
tra, kho st
Thu thp thng tin, t liu

iu tra c bn ca khu
vc v kho st, iu tra
b sung
iu tra c bn ca khu
vc v kho st, iu tra
b sung
iu tra c bn ca khu
vc v kho st, iu tra
b sung
15
3.1
Cht lng t
- Tng Phenol
- Cc kim loi nng
- Du m
3.2
Cht lng
- Nhit
nc mt, nc - pH
ngm
- Cht rn l lng
- c
- mu
- Tng khong ho
- Oxy ho tan (DO)
- Nhu cu oxy sinh ho (BOD5)
- Nhu cu oxy ho hc (COD)
- Clorua
- Tng lng st (Fe)
- Hm lng du, m
- E.Coli
- Tng s Coliform
3.3.
Cht lng
khng kh
- CO
- SO2
- NOx
- Aldehyt
- Bi l lng tng s (TSP)
- Tng hydrocacbon (THC)
3.4
3.5
Ting n
rung
- L50
- L eq
- Lmax
- Gia tc
- Vn tc
- Phng php trc quang

- Quang ph hp th
nguyn t
- Sc k kh, sc k lng
cao p
- Nhit k
- My o pH in cc thu
tinh
- Lc, sy 1050C
- My o c
- My o mu
- My o khong
- Winhle hoc in cc
oxy
- Oxy tiu th sau 5 ngy
nhit 200C
- Oxy ho bng K2Cr2O7
- So mu quang ph kh
bin
- Quang ph hp th
nguyn t
- Sc k kh, theo TCVN
5070-1995
- Lc qua mng v nui
cy 430C
- Phng php sc k kh
theo TCVN 5972-1995
hay phng php th
Folin-Ciocalteur
- Phng php
Tetracloromercurat
(TCM/pararosanilin) theo
TCVN 5971-1995
- Phng php GrissSaltman theo ISO
6768/1995
- Phng php o khi
lng, theo TCVN 50671995
- Phng php sc k kh
- My o mc n tng
ng tch phn.
- My o rung
16
- Tn s
S liu mi trng t nhin sau khi c thu thp cn phi c x l v th hin r
rng, chi tit trong bo co TM. Di y l mt s hng dn k thut v vic xc
nh cht lng ca tng thnh phn mi trng.
(1). Ti nguyn t
Ti nguyn t ti khu vc d n c nh gi da vo cc s liu iu tra v hin
trng s dng t cho cc mc ch pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc s liu cn c th
hin mt cch nh lng nh bng 5 di y.
Bng 5. Hin trng s dng t khu vc d n
TT Mc ch s dng
01
02
03
04
Din tch cc loi t (ha)

Ghi ch
2005
2006
2007 2008
t nng nghip
t lm nghip
t
t khc
Tng din tch t t nhin
Hm lng kim loi nng, du m v tng phenol trong t ti khu vc d n s

c phn tch nhm nh gi hin trng nhim t v l c s nh gi tc ng
ca d n ln cht lng t khi d n i vo hot ng.
(2). Cht lng nc
i vi D n Nh my nhit in, vic nh gi cht lng mi trng nc mt
v nc ngm s cn c vo kt qu o c v phn tch mu nc ti cc im ly mu.
Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc c trnh by theo mu ti cc bng 6-7.
Bng 6. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt.
Thi gian ly mu: ...............................................
TT
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
Ch tiu
Nhit
pH
c
Hm lng cn l
lng (SS)
xy ho tan (DO)
BOD5
COD
Tng N
Tng P
n v
0
im o/ly mu
W1
W2
Phng php ly
mu/thit b o
C
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
17
10
11
12
13
Kim loi nng

Tng phenol
Du m
E.Coli
14
Coliform
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/
100 ml
MPN/
100 ml
Ghi ch : V tr ly mu: im W1, W2

Bng 7. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm
Thi gian ly mu: ...............................................
TT
01
03
03
Ch tiu
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
pH
c
Tng cht rn ho tan
(TDS)
oxy ho KMnO4
kim ton phn
cng
ClPO43NH4+
NO2SO42 Fe
Tng Phenol
E.Coli
15
Coliform
n v
-
im o/ly mu
GW1
GW2
Phng php ly
mu/thit b o
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mglg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/
100 ml
MPN/
100 ml
Ghi ch : V tr ly mu: im GW1, GW2

(3). Cht lng khng kh
Hot ng ca d n nhit in c rt nhiu tim nng gy nhim mi trng
khng kh c bit l bi, kh thi. Do vy cc s liu kho st, o c cn phi c la
chn sao cho phn nh c mt cch chnh xc v trung thc nht v cht lng khng
kh ti khu vc d n v vng ln cn chu nhng tc ng trc tip ca d n. S liu
quan trc kh tng nhiu nm c th c th hin theo mu trong bng 8 v cht lng
khng kh c th hin theo mu trong bng 9 di y.
Bng 8: S liu kh tng trung bnh thng nhiu nm ti khu vc d n
Thi gian quan trc:..........................................
Tn trm : .
18
Thng
Thng 1
Thng 2
Thng 12
Trung
bnh nm
Hng gi
Tc gi
(m/s)
Nhit
(oC)
m (%)
p sut
(mbar)
Bng 9: Cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n
Thi gian o c, ly mu: ...............................................
a im
o c/ly
mu
KK1
KK2
KK3
TCVN (
so snh)
Nng cc kh c hi (mg/m3)
SO2
NO2
CO
THC
Bi
Aldehyt
Ghi ch : im o: KK1, KK2, KK3

(4). Ting n, rung
nh gi mc n ti khu vc d n phi tin hnh la chn a im ph hp
c th xc nh nhng ngun gy ra ting n hin c trong khu vc ng thi nh gi
c kh nng lan truyn m thanh. Kt qu o c ting n c th c th hin theo
mu bng 10.
Bng 10 : Kt qu o ting n
Thi gian o : .......................
a im o
TO1
TO2
TO3
Laeq (dBA)
Lamax (dBA)
L50 (dBA)
Ghi ch
TCVN
Ghi ch : V tr o ting n : TO1, TO2, TO3 ...
19
rung s c o theo 3 thng s (Gia tc, vn tc v tn sut) ti cc im o

ting n, sau so vi Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (Xem bng 11).
Bng 11: Kt qu o rung
Thi gian o : .......................
a im o
DR1
DR2
DR3
Gia tc (m/s2)
Vn tc (m/s)
Tn sut (Hz)
Ghi ch
TCVN
Ghi ch : V tr o rung : DR1, DR2, DR3 ...
Da vo cc s liu iu tra, o c cc ch th mi trng t nhin nu trn, c th
nh gi hin trng mi trng t nhin ti khu vc D n Nh my nhit in trn c s
so snh vi cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam v a phng. C th nh
sau:
- Mi trng vt l: cht lng t, nc mt, nc ngm, cht lng khng kh,
iu kin kh tng, ting n, rung.
- Ti nguyn sinh vt: ng vt, thc vt, h sinh thi, bao gm c sinh vt di
nc v sinh vt trn cn, cn c bit quan tm i vi ng vt hoang d v thc vt
qu him.
- Ti nguyn t: hin trng s dng t, vn gii to mt bng phc v cho d
n;
2.2. c im kinh t - x hi :
iu kin kinh t - x hi ti khu vc D n v ln cn s chu tc ng trc tip bi
d n, v vy vic kho st v nh gi hin trng pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc
l cn thit. Vic kho st, thu thp s liu v KTXH phi y , phi tin hnh khu
vc d n v vng ln cn chu tc ng ca D n.
Hin trng KT-XH ti khu vc D n nh my nhit in v vng ln cn s c
trnh by thng qua cc ch th c nu trong bng 12 di y.
Bng 12. Cc thng tin v KTXH cn thu thp khi lp TM D n nh my nhit
in
TT
Mi trng v
Thng s
ti nguyn
(1)
(2)
(3)
1. c im kinh t - x hi
1.1
Dn c Ch n tnh hnh dn c sinh
lao ng
sng ti khu vc thc hin d n
Phng php kho st v

quan trc
(4)
a phng v ti liu iu
20
v chu tc ng ca d n
tra, phng vn khi kho

st
1.2
Kinh t
Vic pht trin d n trong mi
Theo s liu quy hoch
lin quan n Quy hoch pht trin ca a phng
kinh t ca a phng, tnh v
vng.
1.3
Tnh hnh x
- Y t v sc kho cng ng
hi
- Bnh lin quan n ngun nc
a phng v ti liu iu
v bnh h hp.
tra, phng vn khi kho
- Mng li v tnh hnh gio dc, st
nng cao nhn thc cng ng
- Vic lm v tht nghip
1.4
Lch s, vn
- Cc cng trnh vn ho, lch s,
ho
du lch c gi tr trong khu vc
a phng v ti liu iu
thc hin d n hoc nhng khu tra, phng vn khi kho
st
vc ln cn chu tc ng ca d
n.
- Thun phong m tc v phong
tc tp qun ca dn a phng c
th c nh hng n vic thc
hin d n
2. H tng c s v dch v
2.1
Giao thng
- c im ca cc tuyn ng
Ti liu ca c quan chc
giao thng (thu, b) c lin quan nng v qun l hnh
n hot ng vn chuyn ca d
chnh a phng
n
- Tai nn, s c giao thng
2.2
Dch v, thng Hin trng v kh nng cung cp
Ti liu ca c quan chc
mi
dch v, thng mi
nng v qun l hnh
chnh a phng
Ni dung iu tra hin trng kinh t - x hi ti khu vc D n c th tham kho
mu ti Ph lc I.
Da vo cc s liu thu thp, iu tra v KTXH nu trn, c th nh gi hin trng
KTXH ti khu vc D n Nh my nhit in. C th nh sau:
- Cng trnh vn ho, lch s: nh l cng trnh tn gio, m m, khu kho c, cng
trnh vn ho - lch s, cnh quan, du lch;
- Kinh t - x hi: dn s, ngh nghip, mc sng, iu kin v sinh, sc kho cng
ng, n b, ti nh c v.v...
21
CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG CA D N NH MY NHIT IN
TI MI TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X HI
Yu cu : Phn ni dung ny cn phi ch ra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng

tc ng tim tng bao gm nhng tc ng trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v lu
di, nhng tc ng tim n v tch lu, nhng tc ng c th v khng th khc phc
c tim nng ln gy suy thoi, nhim mi trng khu vc.
nh gi tc ng mi trng cho D n ny cn c tin hnh theo 03 giai on :
- Giai on chun b mt bng.
- Giai on xy dng nh my.
- Giai on hot ng ca nh my.
Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng, cng cn phi xem xt cc
gii php bo v mi trng do Ch u d n la chn nhm iu chnh, hon
thin hoc b sung cc gii php mi t c tiu chun/quy chun v bo v mi
trng. Trng hp c bit cn thit th xut thay i mt phn hoc ton b
phng n thit k kh thi ca D n.
3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh chun b mt bng
Cc tc ng chnh trong giai on chun b mt bng l :
- Bi, cht thi t qu trnh pht quang, cht b thm thc vt ti khu t d n;
- Bi, kh thi t cc xe ti vn chuyn thc vt b cht, vn chuyn t ct phc v
san lp;
- Kh thi t cc x lan vn chuyn ct phc v san lp mt bng;
- Bi, kh thi t cc xe i san lp mt bng;
- Nc ma chy trn qua ton b khu vc d n cun theo cht thi xung ngun
nc.
3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng
3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng
Cc hot ng v ngun cht thi trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong
bng 13.
Bng 13: Cc hot ng v ngun cht thi trong giai on xy dng.
Stt
Hot ng
Ngun tc ng
22
01
02
04
05
- Bi, kh thi t my o t, xe i san lp nn

Gii to, san lp nn,
- Cht thi rn (Cy, c, bn t )
o mng
- Nc ma chy trn cun theo t ct, rc v du m
ri vi xung ngun nc.
- Bi kh thi t xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy dng,
ct, , st thp, thit b my mc, ni hi,
Xy dng c bn (Nh
- Bi, kh thi t cc my mc phc v thi cng xy
ni hi, ng khi, ) v dng: ba my, cn cu,
lp t thit b
- Bi, kh thi t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit:
ct, hn, t nng chy.
- Cht thi rn xy dng (X bn, cp pha, bao b )
- Bi, kh thi t cc xe ti vn chuyn nhin, nguyn,
vt liu nh: vt liu xy dng, ct, , sn, xng du.
Hot ng tp kt, lu
- Hi xng du, dung mi hu c t cc kho cha
tr nhin, nguyn, vt
xng du, sn;
liu
- Bi pht sinh t cc bi tp kt nguyn vt liu
- Cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi (bao b, r lau dnh
du, sn )
- Bi, kh thi do un nu, sinh hot ca cng nhn ti
Hot ng lu tr ca
cng trng.
cng nhn ti cng
- Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn
trng
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn
Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong qu trnh xy dng v lp

t thit b c a ra trong bng 14.
Bng 14: Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi.
Stt
01
02
03
04
Ngun gy tc ng
Xi mn, bi lng rch, sng khu vc d n
Ting n, rung
Tc ng x hi do gii phng mt bng, n b, ti nh c
S tp trung lng ln cng nhn xy dng gy ra xo trn i sng x hi ti a
phng.
3.2.2. nh gi tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng
(1). Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng:
Ngun gy nhim nc trong giai on xy dng ch yu l nc thi sinh hot

ca cng nhn v nc ma chy trn trn b mt cng trng xy dng.
- Do tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng nn lng nc thi sinh hot thng ln
(bnh qun 120 l/ngi/ngy m), song cng thay i theo thi gian v ma trong nm.
Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht cn b, cht rn l lng, cht hu c, cc cht dinh
dng v vi sinh.
23
- Nc ma chy trn c lu lng ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc v

thng c c, hm lng cht rn l lng cao. Ngoi ra, nc ma chy trn cn
cha nhiu tp cht khc (du m, ho cht ri vi ...).
(2). Tc ng n mi trng khng kh trong giai on xy dng
- Trong giai on xy dng cng trnh, cht nhim khng kh ch yu l bi sinh
ra t qu trnh i t, bc d vt liu xy dng v khi hn c ch bi, CO, SOx, NOx,
hydrocarbon ; kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. Tc ng ca kh thi ln
cht lng khng kh giai on ny ph thuc vo quy m d n, thi tit ti khu vc
d n v ch mang tnh tm thi. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi nh gi chi tit xut
cc bin php gim thiu thch hp.
- Ting n pht sinh giai on ny ch yu l t cc my mc san i v cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti vi mc n ln ti 80-90 dBA.
(3). Tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on xy dng
Trong qu trnh xy dng Nh my nhit in, t b tc ng chnh do cng vic
o p v b xi mn. Vic o p nh hng trc tip n sn xut nng nghip v
lm nghip, cnh quan mi trng, ph hu thm thc vt. Xi mn s lm tng c,
tng tc bi lng ngun nc, gy tc nghn cng rnh thot nc dn n c th gy
ng ngp cc b, suy gim cht lng nc mt, nh hng n h sinh thi di nc.
V vy, cn phi nh gi chnh xc mc tc ng ca vic o t, p t v
xi mn i vi sc kho con ngi v ti nguyn sinh hc, t xut cc bin php
gim thiu cc tc ng xu ny.
(4). Cht thi rn trong giai on xy dng
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on xy dng ch yu l cc loi nguyn vt liu
xy dng ph thi nh gch ngi, xi mng, cp pha, st thp vn... Lng cht thi ny
ty thuc vo quy m ca tng cng trnh v trnh qun l d n. Ngoi ra, cn mt
khi lng khng ln rc sinh hot ca cng nhn.
3.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh
3.3.1. Cc ngun cht thi trong giai on vn hnh
Khi nh my nhit in c a vo vn hnh, cc ngun gy tc ng n mi
trng c trnh by trong bng 15.
Bng 15: Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi trong giai
on vn hnh.
Stt
I
01
02
03
Hot ng
Tc ng mi trng khng kh
Vn chuyn nguyn, nhin, vt liu
vo, ra nh my.
Qu trnh t than, du v nhin liu
khc cung cp nhit cho ni hi.
Qu trnh xp d nguyn vt liu ti
Ngun tc ng
- Kh thi t cc xe ti vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu, sn phm,
- Kh thi l t nhin liu
- Bi, kh thi giao thong t qu trnh
24
Stt
04
Hot ng
cng v vn chuyn v nh my.
Qu trnh bc d x than, bc d bn
thi t h thng x l kh thi
05
06
Hot ng ca cc tua bin

Qu trnh phn hu cht thi
II
01
Tc ng mi trng nc
Hot ng lm mt v tun hon nc
02
Hot ng ca nh my nhit in
03
Sinh hot ca cng nhn
04
Nc ma chy trn trn khu vc nh

my
III Tc ng do cht thi rn
01 Qu trnh t than, du v nhin liu
khc
02
Lc bi tnh in
03
04
X l nc thi pht sinh t nh my

Hot ng v sinh, bo dng thit b
05
Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn
Ngun tc ng
xp d, qu trnh vn chuyn,
- Bi, kh thi pht sinh t qu trnh
xp d v vn chuyn x than, bn
thi.
- Kh thi t Tua bin, m t,
- Mi hi t cc h ga, khu v sinh,
khu cha cht thi rn,
Nc thi t h thng lm mt, dy
chuyn ngng t hi nc.
- Nc thi t qu trnh kh lu
hunh;
- Nc thi t y bn cha du;
- Nc thi t hot ng v sinh ni
hi, thit b
- Nc thi t h thng ti sinh nha
lm mm nc cp cho ni hi.
- Nc thi t qu trnh x l kh thi
- Nc thi t hot ng sinh hot
ca cn b, cng nhn.
- Nc ma chy trn trn ton b b
mt d n.
- Tro kh sinh ra trong qu trnh t
than Bitum, du v cc nhin liu
khc
- Tro sinh ra t h thng lc bi tnh
in.
- Bn thi t h thng x l nc thi
- Du nht thi, ho cht thi, gi lao
dnh du nht,
- Cht thi rn nh: bao b, giy, cc
tng, ti nylon,
Chi tit v mc , phm vi tc ng c trnh by chi tit trong phn nh gi tc

ng (Cc mc 3.3.2-3.3.4 v 3.4).
3.3.2. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng vt l
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh
(1). Giai on xy dng
- Trong giai on xy dng cng trnh, cht nhim khng kh ch yu l bi sinh
ra t qu trnh i t, bc d vt liu xy dng v khi hn c cha bi, CO, SOx, NOx,
hydrocarbon ; kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. Tc ng ca kh thi ln
cht lng khng kh giai on ny ph thuc vo quy m d n, thi tit ti khu vc
25
d n v ch mang tnh tm thi. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi nh gi chi tit xut
cc bin php gim thiu thch hp.
- Ting n pht sinh giai on ny ch yu l t cc my mc san i v cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti vi mc n ln ti 80-90 dBA.
(2). Giai on hot ng
1). Tc ng ca kh thi
Cc ngun pht thi bi, kh c t nh my nhit in nh cp phn trn gm:
Kh thi l hi, kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn, nhim khng kh t qu trnh
bc xp nguyn vt liu v t cc ngun khc
Kh thi ca nh my nhit in c cha cc cht nhim c nng cao. Vic pht
tn kh thi s gp phn lm gia tng mc nhim khng kh ti khu vc d n, c
bit l nh hng n sc khe con ngi v cc h sinh thi. Do vy trong phn nh
gi tc ng ca kh thi n mi trng khu vc cn lm r cc ni dung sau:
- Cc ngun kh thi, lu lng kh thi ca tng ngun,
- Thnh phn, ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi, c bit ch
nh gi cc thng s: bi, SO2, CO, CO2, NO2, THC, Aldehyt.
- Tnh ton mc lan truyn cc cht nhim khng kh, nh hng ca cc cht
nhim khng kh theo thi gian v khng gian trn c s s dng cc m hnh lan truyn
kh (Sutton, Guass, Screen 3, IGM, ISCT ...).
2). Tc ng ca ting n v rung ng
Ting n v rung cng l ngun gy nhim khng kh kh quan trng v c th
gy ra cc nh hng xu n mi trng v trc ht l n sc kho ca ngi lao
ng trc tip, sau l ti khu vc ln cn. Ting n lm gim nng sut lao ng, lm
gim thnh lc, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. rung nh hng quan trng ti nng
lc v chnh xc trong tc nghip lao ng, gim th lc v thch lc, d gy ra s c
tai nn lao ng.
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my nhit in, ting n v rung ng pht sinh
t cc ngun sau y:
- Ting n, rung ng pht sinh t qu trnh va chm hoc chn ng, chuyn ng
qua li do s ma st ca cc thit b. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, ting n,
rung pht sinh ch yu t hot ng ca h thng cc my bm v m t in;
- Ting n, rung ng do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti l ting n pht ra t
ng c v do s rung ng ca cc b phn xe, ting n t ng x khi, ting n do
ng ca xe, ting rt phanh.
3). Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh
Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh c th hin qua bng 16 di y.
Bng 16: Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.
Stt
Cht nhim
01 Bi
Tc ng
- Kch thch h hp, x ho phi, ung th phi;
26
Stt
Cht nhim
02
Kh axt
(SOx, NOx)
03
Oxyt cacbon
(CO)
04
Kh cacbonic
(CO2)
05
Tng
hydrocarbon
Tc ng
- Gy tn thng da, gic mc mt, bnh ng tiu ho.
- Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu;
- SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong
mu;
- To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm thc
vt v cy trng;
- Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hu vt liu
b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca;
- nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zon.
- Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t chc,
t bo do CO kt hp vi hemoglobin v bin thnh
cacboxyhemoglobin.
- Gy ri lon h hp phi;
- Gy hiu ng nh knh;
- Tc hi n h sinh thi.
- Gy nhim c cp tnh: suy nhc, chng mt, nhc u,
ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong.
3.3.2.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc
(1). Giai on xy dng:
Ngun gy nhim nc trong giai on xy dng ch yu l nc thi sinh hot
ca cng nhn v nc ma chy trn trn b mt cng trng xy dng.
- Do tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng nn lng nc thi sinh hot thng ln
(bnh qun 60-80 l/ngi/ngy m), song cng thay i theo thi gian v ma trong
nm. Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht cn b, cht rn l lng, cht hu c, cc cht
dinh dng v vi sinh.
- Nc ma chy trn c lu lng ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc v
thng c c, hm lng cht rn l lng cao. Ngoi ra, nc ma chy trn cn
cha nhiu tp cht khc (du m, ho cht ri vi ...).
(2). Giai on hot ng ca nh my
Nc thi pht sinh trong giai on ny ca D n ch yu l nc thi sn xut,
nc thi sinh hot v nc ma chy trn.
1). Nc thi sn xut :
- Nc lm mt: Nh my nhit in s dng mt khi lng ln nc lm mt. Sau
khi s dng, nhit nc s tng ln, v vy, nc s c gii nhit trong thp lm
lnh trc khi thi ra mi trng hoc c ti s dng mt phn trong h thng x l
kh thi cha lu hunh (FGD). Nc thi c nhit cao s gy nh hng n cht
lng nc, gim nng xy ho tan trong nc (DO); nh hng n s a dng sinh
hc; nh hng n tc phn hu cc hp cht hu c trong nc.
- Nc thi t qu trnh x l kh thi cha lu hunh b nhim kim, cht rn l
lng (MgSO3, MgSO4) v c nhit cao. Nng cht rn l lng (SS) trong nc thi
27
ny khong 3.000 mg/l, nhu cu xy sinh ho (COD) khong 1.600 mg/l.

- Nc thi v sinh thit b ni hi: V sinh ni hi ra sch cn lng bng axt
clohydric c tin hnh nh k khng thng xuyn. Nc thi trong qu trnh v sinh
cha hp cht st v cc kim loi khc.
- Nc thi t qu trnh ti sinh cc ht nha trao i ion c cha axt hoc xt. Loi
nc thi ny nu khng c x l s lm thay i tnh cht ho l ca vng nc tip
nhn v gy nh hng n i sng thu sinh vt ti khu vc thi.
- Nc thi t sn l thu hi nhit, h thng thit b, bn cha du, thit b in,
xng sa cha, trm nn kh v tua bin : Nc thi loi ny c cha du m. Nu khng
c x l nc thi cha du m s to ra mng trn b mt nc lm gim s trao i
xy gia nc v khng kh. Mt khc du c khi lng phn t ln bm dnh vo ht
l lng trong ct nc v lng ng xung y sng rch gy nh hng n sinh vt
y.
2). Nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot ca Nh my nhit in c cha cc cht cn b, cht rn l
lng, cht hu c, cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh. Lu lng nc thi sinh hot c th
c tnh trn c s nhu cu s dng nc (khong 120 l/ngi/ngy m), t l nc thi
sinh hot bng 80% lu lng nc cp. Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong
nc thi sinh hot c c tnh trn c s h s nhim ca T chc Y t Th gii
hoc trn c s kt qu o thc t ti cc nh my nhit in c cng ngh tng t.
3). Nc ma chy trn
Nc ma chy trn c lu lng ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc. Nc
ma chy trn qua khu vc nh my, cc bi cha nguyn liu cun theo rc, t ct, du
m, ho cht ri vi ... xung ngun nc.
4). nh gi tc ng ca nc thi t D n nh my nhit in
Nc thi t D n nh my nhit in c tim nng gy nhim nc mt rt ln,
do vy cn thit phi xc nh r cc vn sau y :
- Lu lng nc thi sinh hot, sn xut (cc loi) sinh ra trong ngy, thng, nm.
- Thnh phn, ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi.
- V tr tip nhn nc thi, kh nng pha long ca cc ngun nc mt ti khu vc
d n.
- nh gi kh nng lan truyn v mc gy nhim nc (nhit cao, cht
nhim) thng qua phng php tnh ton m hnh cht lng nc.
3.3.2.3. Tc ng n mi trng t
(1). Giai on xy dng
Trong qu trnh xy dng Nh my nhit in, t b tc ng chnh do cng vic
o p v b xi mn. Vic o p nh hng trc tip n sn xut nng nghip v
lm nghip, cnh quan mi trng, ph hu thm thc vt. Xi mn s lm tng c,
tng tc bi lng ngun nc, gy tc nghn cng rnh thot nc dn n c th gy
ng ngp cc b, suy gim cht lng nc mt, nh hng n h sinh thi di nc.
28
V vy, cn phi nh gi chnh xc mc tc ng ca vic o t, p t v

xi mn i vi sc kho con ngi v ti nguyn sinh hc, t xut cc bin php
gim thiu cc tc ng xu ny.
(2). Giai on hot ng
Bi, kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn pht sinh t nh my nhit in trong giai on
hot ng c th gy nhim t v nh hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy
trng. V vy, cn phi nh gi chnh xc mc tc ng ca bi, kh thi, nc thi,
cht thi rn ti cht lng t trong giai on hot ng ca D n, t xut cc
gii php phng nga v kim sot cc tc ng xu ny.
3.3.2.4. Cht thi rn
(1). Giai on xy dng
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on xy dng ch yu l cc loi nguyn vt liu
xy dng ph thi nh gch ngi, xi mng, cp pha, st thp vn... Lng cht thi ny
ty thuc vo quy m ca tng cng trnh v trnh qun l d n. Ngoi ra, cn mt
khi lng khng ln rc sinh hot ca cng nhn.
(2). Giai on hot ng
1). Cht thi rn cng nghip : Cht thi rn cng nghip pht sinh t hot ng ca
nh my nhit in ch yu t cc ngun sau:
- Tro kh sinh ra trong qu trnh t than, du hoc nhin liu khc cung cp
nhit cho ni hi;
- Tro kh t h thng lc bi tnh in;
- Tro t y ni hi;
- Bn kh t nh my x l nc thi sau khi x l kh thi;
- G, giy, gi lau.
2). Cht thi rn sinh hot : Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cc cn b, cng nhn lm
vic ti nh my nhit in c cc thnh phn gm: Ti nylon, carton, giy vn, thu
tinh, thc n tha, ... .
3). nh gi c mc tc ng ca cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi rn
sinh hot v cht thi nguy hi cn phi xc nh c khi lng, thnh phn v tnh
cht cu tng loi thi rn, CTNH pht sinh trong tng cng on sn xut ca nh my.
3.3.2.5. nhim nhit
nhim nhit trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my nhit in cn phi c nh
gi nhm xut cc bin php gim thiu. Nhit pht sinh ch yu t cc ngun sau
y:
- S truyn nhit t cc ni hi v ca cc my mc thit b s dng hi v ca h
thng ng ng dn hi, kh nng.
- S r r h thng ng ng dn hi, cc van, mi ni trn h thng ng ng.
29
Tng cc nhit lng ny ta ra khng gian nh xng rt ln lm nhit trong

xng tng cao hn so vi nhit bn ngoi, gy nh hng ti qu trnh h hp ca c
th con ngi, tc ng xu ti sc khe v nng sut lao ng ca cng nhn. Ngoi ra,
nhit cao cn c tim nng gy ra cc s c chy n.
3.3.3. Tc ng n cc h sinh thi
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my nhit in, vic pht thi cc cht nhim
nc, khng kh, cc cht thi rn vo mi trng tip nhn gy nn nhng tc ng c
hi ti cc h sinh thi. Ty theo dng cht thi v mi trng tip nhn m cc h sinh
thi c th b tc ng khc nhau, c th nh sau:
- H sinh thi di nc: Cc ngun nc thi t Nh my nhit in khi thi vo
ngun nc s lm cho cht lng b xu i (nhit tng, nng mt s cht nhim
gia tng, c bit l du m ...), gy nh hng ti s sng ca hu ht cc loi thy sinh
v thm ch gy cn kit mt s loi c gi tr kinh t (tm, c).
- H sinh thi trn cn: Bi, kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn pht sinh t Nh my
nhit in s c nhng nh hng nht nh n cc h sinh thi trn cn. Hu ht cc
cht nhim cha trong kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn v cc cht thi nguy hi u c
tc ng xu n i sng ca ng, thc vt ; lm cho cy trng chm pht trin, c
bit l cc kh axit gy tc hi n cc loi rau, u, la, ng, cc loi cy n tri v cc
loi cy cnh. Cc cht nhim khng kh nh bi than, SO2, NO2, CO, THC v
Aldehyt, ngay c nng thp cng lm chm qu trnh sinh trng ca cy trng,
nng cao lm vng l, hoa qu b lp, b nt, v mc cao hn cy s b cht.
Vi nhng tc ng bt li nh trn cn thit phi c nhng tnh ton, d bo v
mc tc ng t xut cc bin php gi thiu tc ng.
3.3.4. Tc ng n kinh t - x hi
3.3.4.1. Tc ng n x hi
D n Nh my nhit in c mt ngha kinh t x hi rt to ln cho khu vc ni
ring v cho t nc ni chung. D n s gp phn to ra cng n vic lm v nng cao
i sng ca nhn dn trong vng. Hot ng ca D n s thu ht mt s lng ln lao
ng v gii quyt cng n vic lm khng ch cho ngi dn a phng, m cn cho
t nc. Hot ng ca D n s thc y tin trnh th ha, cng nghip ho nhanh
hn. iu ny cng gp phn nng cao dn tr v thc vn minh th cho nhn dn ti
khu vc d n.
Nhng tc ng ny c th c nh gi nh lng thng qua cc tnh ton chi ph
li ch theo cc ni dung sau:
- Tng hp chi ph cho 1 nm
- Tng hp doanh thu cho 1 nm
- Tng hp cc chi tiu :Doanh thu, thu, thu thu nhp doanh nghip, li nhun
thun.
- Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t : Chi tiu hon vn tnh theo 2 mc: T khi dy chuyn
i vo hot ng v t khi nhn vay tin ; t sut li nhun thun ; im hon vn.
30
- Hiu qu kinh t x hi : To cng n vic lm ; nng cao trnh tay ngh, kh

nng qun l, iu hnh, nhn thc thc t v th trng trong v ngoi nc ; to sn
phm cho x hi...
3.3.4.2. Tc ng n c s h tng
(1). Tc ng ti giao thng vn ti
D n Nh my nhit in s gp phn gia tng mt giao thng trong khu vc,
gia tng nguy c tai nn giao thng, gy n tc giao thng ti khu vc d n, nh hng
n nhu cu i li ca nhn dn. Hot ng giao thng vn ti ca D n cn gp phn
lm suy gim cht lng ng x, cu cng ti khu vc d n v vng ln cn.
Tuy nhin, chnh s ra i ca D n cng s thc y qa trnh u t xy dng c
s h tng, trong c m rng, nng cp, xy mi cc cng trnh giao thng (cu,
ng, cng ...).
(2). Tc ng ti h thng cp thot nc
Nhu cu s dng nc ca Nh my nhit in thng kh ln, v vy cc d n
nhit in thng t gn cc ngun nc mt c lu lng ln. Tuy nhin, trong mt s
trng hp, ch u t c th phi khoan ging hoc o ging khai thc nc ngm
phc v cho sn xut v sinh hot ca nh my. Vic khai thc nc ngm c nguy c
gy nn s cn kit ngun nc ngm vo ma kh, dn c trong khu vc s khng
nc dng v t ko theo hng lot cc tc ng tiu cc khc.
Hot ng ca D n c th lm gia tng mc chu ti ca h thng thot nc tp
trung, dn n gy ngp lt hoc lm thay i ch thu vn, lm gia tng nhim cc
ngun tip nhn nc thi. V vy, cn phi nh gi kh nng tiu thot nc, kh nng
xy ra tnh trng ngp lt ... ti khu vc d n.
3.3.4.3. Tc ng ti cc cng trnh vn ho, lch s v kho c
Cc cng trnh vn ho, lch s v kho c trong khu vc thc hin d n c th b
tc ng. V vy cn phi nh gi c th cc tc ng ca d n theo cc kha cnh nh :
a im, loi cng trnh, nin i v gi tr tinh thn cng nh vt cht ca cng trnh.
Cc tc ng chnh ca d n i vi cc cng trnh vn ho lch s v kho c cn phi
cp l : mt t, gy nt n, ln st, gy n mn, lo ho cng trnh. Trn c s cc tc
ng c th, s xut cc bin php bo v cc cng trnh vn ho, lch s v kho c
ti khu vc d n.
3.3.4.4. Tc ng ti sc khe cng ng
Tt c cc ngun gy nhim trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my nhit in u
c th gy tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip n sc khe ca con ngi trong vng chu
nh hng ca D n. Ty thuc vo nng v thi gian tc ng ca cc cht nhim
m mc tc ng ti sc khe cng ng s khc nhau. Do vy cn nh gi mt cch
c th mc nh hng ca cht thi (kh thi, nc thi v cht thi rn, CTNH) n
sc kho con ngi, t xut cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi.
31
3.4. nh gi ri ro, s c
3.4.1. S c mi trng trong giai on chun b mt bng v xy dng
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Nhn chung, s c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trong bt k mt cng on thi
cng xy dng d n. Nguyn nhn ca cc trng hp xy ra s c tai nn lao ng trn
cng trng xy dng c xc nh ch yu bao gm:
- nhim mi trng xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng lm nh hng xu ti sc
kho ca cng nhn. Mt vi loi nhim cp tnh tu thuc theo thi gian v mc tc
dng c kh nng gy mt mi, chong vng hay ngt cho cng nhn trong khi lao ng;
- Cng vic lp rp, thi cng v qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vi mt xe,
ting n, rung cao c th gy ra cc tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng, ...
- Do tnh bt cn trong lao ng, thiu trang b bo h lao ng, hoc do thiu thc
tun th nghim chnh v ni quy an ton lao ng ca cng nhn thi cng.
(2). S c chy n
S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin liu,
hoc do s thiu an ton v h thng cp in tm thi, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v
ca trong qu trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau:
- Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu tm thi phc v cho thi cng, my mc, thit b
k thut (sn, xng, du DO, du FO...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c
th gy ra thit hi v ngi, kinh t v mi trng;
- H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c
git, chp, chy n, , gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn;
- Vic s dng cc thit b gia nhit trong thi cng (un, ri nha ng, ...) c th
gy ra chy, bng hay tai nn lao ng nu nh khng c cc bin php phng nga.
(3). S c tai nn giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng c th xy ra bt k lc no trong qu trnh thi cng, gy
thit hi v tnh mng v ti sn. Nguyn nhn c th do phng tin vn chuyn khng
m bo k thut hoc do cng nhn iu khin khng ch hoc khng tun th cc
nguyn tc an ton giao thng.
3.4.2. S c mi trng trong giai on vn hnh nh my
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi nh my nhit in ang hot ng. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l do:
- Bt cn ca cng nhn trong vn hnh my mc, thit b;
- Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt: Ng gt trong lc lm vic, lm vic
qu sc gy chong,
- Bt cn ca cng nhn trong qu trnh nhp xut nguyn, nhin, vt liu.
32
(2). S c r r, trn ho cht

S c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng hay kh khi xy ra s gy ra nhng mt s
tc hi gy c cho con ngi, ng thc vt, ... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit
hi v kinh t - x hi cng nh h sinh thi trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn.
- S c r r hi ho cht (hi axt HCl, NH3): S c r r hi axt nh hng n h
h hp ca cng nhn v gy n mn cc thit b, cng trnh.
- S c r r, trn ho cht: S s trn ho cht, r r t bn cha ra ngoi c kh
nng nh hng n mi trng nc trong khu vc.
- nh gi ri ro cc ho cht s dng (HCl, NaOH, NH3) bao gm ri ro i vi
sc kho v ri ro sinh thi.
(3). S c r r, trn nhin liu
S c r r nguyn, nhin liu dng lng hay kh khi xy ra s gy ra nhng tc hi
(nht l r r cc hp cht dng kh) nh gy c cho con ngi, ng thc vt, gy chy,
n, ... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit hi v kinh t - x hi cng nh h sinh thi
trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn. Ngun gc pht sinh loi s c ny l khu vc kho
cha nguyn, nhin liu phc v cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my nhit in .
(4). S c tai nn giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng gy thit hi v ti sn v tnh mng. Qu trnh vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu (v d : than, cht t ) s lm gia tng mt giao thng trn ng t
cng v nh my, dn n nguy c gia tng tai nn giao thng.
(5). S c chy n
S c chy n gy thit hi n cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin (t, nc,
khng kh) hn na gy thit hi v ti sn v c th nh hng n tnh mng ngi.
Ngun gc pht sinh loi s c ny c th do cc nguyn nhn sau:
- S c r r nguyn, nhin liu nu khng pht hin kp thi c th gy ra loi s c
ny;
- H thng cung cp in cho nh my c th chp, n,
- ng ng cp nhit c th b r r ng thi vi p lc ln ca h thng ng
ng gy ra n gy thit hi v kinh t, v ngi.
33
CHNG 4. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG

TIU CC CA D N NH MY NHIT IN N MI
TRNG T NHIN V KINH T - X HI
Yu cu : Cn c vo cc tc ng mi trng nu trong chng 3, xut mt cch
c th cc bin php qun l v k thut mang tnh kh thi cao nhm phng trnh,
gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin d n gy nn.
Cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng c hi c xut phi m bo cc nguyn
tc sau:
- Gim thiu ti a cc tc ng ca D n nhm m bo cc tiu chun v quy
chun mi trng trong giai on xy dng v hot ng.
- Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi iu kin thc t v ph
hp vi kh nng ti chnh ca ch u t.
- Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng phi c trin khai lin tc trong sut qu trnh
chun b mt bng, xy dng nh my v qu trnh hot ng ca nh my.
- xut vi cc c quan chc nng cc gii php ph hp nhm gim thiu cc tc
ng mi trng khng th khc phc hoc gim nh trong phm vi mt d n.
Nh phn tch chng 3, cc tc ng ca D n n mi trng vt l xut pht
t vic thi cc cht nhim vt qu tiu chun cho php vo mi trng v cc s
c pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n. Do vy, gim thiu cc tc ng
ca D n n mi trngvt l cn phi khng ch nhim do cc cht thi v hn
ch n mc thp nht kh nng xy ra s c. Vic khng ch v gim thiu nhim
do cht thi ca D n nh my nhit in c th c tin hnh bng cch kt hp 3
nhm bin php sau: Bin php phng nga nhim v s c mi trng; bin php
k thut khng ch nhim v x l cht thi ; bin php qun l v quan trc mi
trng.
4.1. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on chun b d n
Cc bin php phng nga rt quan trng nhm gim thiu khi lng cht thi pht
sinh ngay ti ngun, dn n hn ch c nhng nh hng bt li i vi mi trng
do cc cht nhim gy ra. C th nh sau :
(1). Quy hoch hp l tng mt bng ca D n : Trn c s xem xt cc yu t
mi trng c lin quan nh:
- La chn hng nh hp l s dng mt cch tt nht cc iu kin thng gi
t nhin gp phn ci thin mi trng lao ng bn trong nh my.
- Xc nh kch thc cc vng cch ly v sinh cng nghip gia cc hng mc cng
trnh trong nh my cng nh gia nh my v cc khu dn c m bo s thng
thong gia cc cng trnh, hn ch lan truyn nhim, m bo phng chy cha chy
v gim thiu nhng nh hng trc tip do cht thi i vi con ngi v cc cng trnh
xung quanh.
34
- B tr hp l cc cng on sn xut, cc khu ph tr, khu kho bi, khu hnh chnh
v c di cy xanh ngn cch c t l din tch cy xanh trn tng din tch t s dng
ca d n hp l (ti thiu 15%). Cc h thng thi kh, ng khi ca nh my cn b tr
cc khu vc thun li cho vic gim st v x l.
- Khu vc b tr khu x l nc thi tp trung, x l rc thi cn c t pha
cui hng gi ch o.
(2). p dng cng ngh tin tin, cng ngh sch, t cht thi
Vic la chn cng ngh tin tin, hin i, tiu th t nguyn vt liu, nc, nng
lng ; thi ra t cht thi s gp phn nng cao hiu qa sn xut, tit kim nguyn liu,
nng lng, gim tc ng bt li ti mi trng. Gii php ny cn phi c quan tm
ngay t khu la chn cng ngh, thit b v vt liu phc v cho sn xut giy v bt
giy.
4.2. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on xy dng d n
4.2.1. Cc bin php t chc thi cng xy dng
- p dng cc bin php thi cng thch hp, c gii ho cc thao tc v qu trnh thi
cng xy dng cng trnh;
- Lp cc t chc thi cng xy dng theo tng hng mc cng trnh c bn qun
l v chu trch nhim ton din trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng;
- p dng bin php thi cng cun chiu theo tng giai on xy dng c th, nhanh
gn theo trnh t trc - sau hp l gia vic thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh c bn
bo m rt gn thi gian thi cng, bo m an ton giao thng v hn ch cc tc ng
c hi do bi, kh thi, gia cc khu vc thi cng trn cng trng.
- Ch u t d n s yu cu n v thi cng xy dng p dng cc gii php c th
cho vic bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng hng mc cng trnh m nhim;
- B tr hp l ng vn chuyn v i li, trnh ng vn chuyn i ngang qua
khu vc dn c, cm vn chuyn v thi cng cc cng vic c mc n cao vo ban m,
hoc gim tc khi i qua khu vc dn c;
- Lp ro chn cch ly cc khu vc nguy him nh khu cha vt liu d chy n
(kho cha nhin liu xng du, ...);
- Thit k chiu sng cho nhng ni cn lm vic ban m, hoc nhng ni o su
lp t ng ng, ng dy;
- Cc cht thi rn xy dng, cc vt liu ph b c thu gom thng xuyn v vn
chuyn ra khi cng trng, tp trung vo cc khu x l chung ca a phng;
- Tin hnh kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn cc phng tin vn ti, cc my
mc thit b k thut thi cng, bo m tuyt i an ton trong thi cng;
- Lp t ng ng thot nc ma, hoc thng xuyn khi thng dng chy theo
a hnh t nhin nhm khng ch tnh trng ng, ngp ng, snh ly, che chn
nguyn vt liu trnh b nc ma cun tri trong qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng
trnh c bn ca d n.
35
4.2.2. Cc bin php kim sot nhim trong hot ng ca cng nhn
- Thu gom v chn lp hp v sinh rc thi sinh hot ti khu vc quy nh;
- Xy dng b t hoi tm thi hoc thu nh v sinh di ng ; lp t thng rc,
quy nh bi rc, ... trnh phng u, vt rc sinh hot ba bi gy nhim mi trng;
- u tin tuyn chn cng nhn xy dng gn khu vc d n gim lng cng
nhn trong ln tri, gim lng cht thi pht sinh v nhim, hn ch cc tc ng x
hi tiu cc ti khu vc d n;
- T chc ba n tp trung cho cng nhn ti cng trng, m bo cc yu cu v
v sinh, an ton thc phm.
4.2.3. Cc bin php an ton lao ng
- Quy nh cc ni quy lm vic ti cng trng, bao gm Ni quy ra, vo lm vic
ti cng trng; Ni quy v trang phc bo h lao ng; Ni quy s dng thit b nng
cu; Ni quy v an ton in; Ni quy an ton giao thng; Ni quy an ton chy n, ...
- T chc tuyn truyn, ph bin cc ni quy cho cng nhn bng nhiu hnh thc
khc nhau nh in ni quy vo bng treo ti cng trng, ln tri; t chc hc ni quy; t
chc tuyn truyn; thanh tra v nhc nh ti hin trng, ...
- T chc theo di tai nn lao ng, xc nh kp thi nguyn nhn tai nn v p
dng cc bin php khc phc kp thi nhm trnh xy ra tai nn tng t;
- Lp t bin cm ngi qua li khu lm vic ca thit b nng cu;
- Lp h thng bin bo ch dn ng, bin bo an ton giao thng ti khu vc
cng trng;
- Lp t bin bo cm la ti cc khu vc d gy ra chy n (kho xng du, kho
sn, dung mi, kho vt t d chy n, trm bin p, ...).
- Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ti cc kho (bnh bt, bnh CO2, ct, h nc,
cc khu mc git, ...).
- T chc tuyn truyn, kim tra, thanh tra cng tc phng chng chy n ti cc
kho, ln tri ca cc n v thi cng.
4.3. Cc bin gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc trong giai on hot ng d n
4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi trong giai on hot ng
Nh trnh by trong chng 4, nhim khng kh Nh my nhit in ch yu l
do kh thi t ni hi t than (hoc t du, t nhin liu khc ) v cc dng kh c
trng pht ra t dy chuyn cng ngh. Do vy gim thiu tc ng mi trng khng
kh c th p dng cc bin php sau y:
- Dng nhin liu (than hoc du) c hm lng lu hunh thp.
- p dng cng ngh tin tin.
- Xy dng ng khi c chiu cao ph hp trong mi tng quan vi lu lng,
nng kh thi, a hnh v iu kin kh hu khu vc.
- Trong cc phn xng ca nh my cn phi c thit k m bo iu kin v
sinh cng nghip, m bo thng thong v m bo ch vi kh hu bn trong cng
36
trnh nht l ti nhng v tr thao tc ca ngi cng nhn bng cch thit lp h thng
thng gi t nhin, h thng thng gi ht, thng gi chung v thng gi cc b.
- Ti cc ngun sinh ra kh thi c hi v bi: lp t cc thit b x l kh, bi c
cng sut ph hp m bo kh thi sau khi x l t tiu chun mi trng cho php.
Cc bin php khng ch nhim khng kh cn phi p dng i vi nh my nhit
in (v d : nhit in t than) bao gm :
(1). Kim sot kh thi t l hi t than
S h thng kim sot kh thi ca Nh my nhit in t than c trnh by
trong hnh 2.
Nc nng
MgO
Kh thi/
Thu hi nhit
B cha
Mg (OH)2
Lc bi
tnh in
H thng kh lu
hunh (FGD)
ng khi
Tro kh
Trm x l nc thi
tp trung ca nh
my in
Ngun tip nhn

nc thi
Bnh bn
Hnh 2: S H thng kim sot kh thi Nh my nhit in

c tnh k thut ca cc thit b kim sot kh thi nh sau :
- Thit b lc bi tnh in: Kh thi ra trong qu trnh t than ni hi c truyn
qua thit b lc tnh in tch bi. Bi c lm lnh v lu gi trong bn cha, sau
vn chuyn bn cho nh my xi mng ti s dng nh l nguyn liu sn xut
clinke hoc bn cho nh my b tng trn sn. Hiu sut tch bi c th t trn 99,7%;
- H thng x l kh thi cha lu hunh (FGD): Do than hoc du FO c lu
hunh, nn cn p dng bin php kim sot nhim do SO2 . H thng kh lu hunh
trong kh thi c lp t tch oxit lu hunh. Cht hp ph l Magnh hydroxit
(Mg(OH)2) (nng 20%) - c to ra bng cch ho MgO vo nc nng. Hiu sut
tch lu hunh c th t 95%;
- Kim sot kh thi: H thng kim sot kh thi lin tc v t ng (CEMS) c
lp t ti nh ng khi kim sot lng kh thi ra. H thng ny bo ng nu thnh
phn kh thi vt qu tiu chun v t ng thng bo cho ngi vn hnh gim bt
nng lng thi hoc sa cha thit b ngay gim thiu nhim.
37
Do yu cu nghim ngt hn trong tiu chun mi ban hnh nm 2005 (TCVN 7440
- 2005; TCVN 5939 - 2005 v TCVN 5940 - 2005) nn h thng kim sot kh thi ca
Nh my nhit in cn phi b sung thm thit b kh chn lc NOx bng xc tc SCR
(Xem Hnh 3). Thnh phn chnh ca xc tc l Oxit Titan (TiO2), tc nhn kh b sung
l NH3/O2. Thit b SCR c b tr trc khi dng kh thi i vo thit b lc bi tnh
in. Hiu sut kh NOx ca thit b SCR c th t trn 80%.
Kh thi/
Thu hi nhit
H thng kh
NOX bng
xc tc SCR
Nc nng
MgO
B cha
Mg (OH)2
Lc bi
tnh in
H thng kh lu
hunh (FGD)
ng
khi
Tro kh
Trm x l nc thi
tp trung ca nh
my in
Sng
Th Vi
Bnh bn
Hnh 3: Thit b kh NOx trong h thng kim sot kh thi nh my nhit in
Kh thi sau x l ti ng khi ca Nh my nhit in c th t tiu chun kh thi
ngnh cng nghip nhit in TCVN 7440 - 2005 (t than) v tiu chun TCVN 5939 2005 (ct B).
Kh thi sau x l s c pht tn qua ng khi c chiu cao ph hp.
(2). Kim sot bi trong qu trnh bc xp
Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh bc xp s c kim sot bng cc bin php sau y:
- Thng xuyn phun nc trong khu vc bc xp c bit l trong ma kh;
- Ra sch xe vn chuyn khi xe ri khi khu vc bc xp;
- Ph kn thng xe;
- S dng loi kho vm kn cha than.
(3). Kim sot kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng
Bin php qun l mc nhim kh thi t cc phng tin nh sau:
- Thc hin cng tc bo dng xe ng nh k;
- S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c;
- Vn chuyn than t cng n Nh my bng xe container kn.
- Kim sot s pht tn bi khi vn chuyn tro gia khu vc D n v khu vc ti s
dng bng cch tng m ca tro, che ph xe ti vn chuyn bng vi bt v ra sch
38
bnh xe mi khi vo trong khu vc d n.

(4). Cc bin php khng ch nhim ting n
Cc bin php khng ch nhim do ting n p dng cho nh my nhit in nh
sau:
- Thit k v lp t h thng kim sot t ng gim s cng nhn lm vic
cc khu vc n v rung;
- Bo dng my mc trong iu kin tt;
- Cung cp nt bo v tai cho cng nhn cc khu vc c n cao;
- nh k lun chuyn cng nhn trong cc khu vc c n cao nhm gim thiu
tc ng.
(5). Cc bin php bo m vi kh hu
Vn khng ch nhim nhit bao gm vic kim sot qu trnh pht tn nhit
trong cc nh xng sn xut, l hi v bo m cc iu kin vi kh hu thun li trong
mi trng lao ng ca cng nhn.
Cc bin php khng ch ch yu l:
- B tr hp l chiu cao nh xng, cc ca mi thng gi t nhin tt, b tr
hng nh hp l nhm s dng ti a kh nng thng gi t nhin;
- p dng cc bin php thng gi cng bc trong h thng nh xng, lp t trn
mi cch nhit, chp thot gi t nhin hay c kh thot nhit, xy dng cc h thng
thng gi lm mt phc v cho cng nhn nhng khu vc c nhit cao, mt nhn
lc cao v c nhiu kh c;
- Trang b h thng iu ho, lm mt khng kh trong cc nh xng sn xut, khi
c nhu cu cn thit;
- Tng cng trng cy xanh trn cc khu vc bao quanh cc phn xng sn xut
ci thin iu kin vi kh hu v cht lng mi trng khng kh.
4.3.2. Gim thiu tc ng do nc thi
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng do nc thi bao gm :
- Phn lung dng thi bao gm: cc loi nc quy c sch, nc nhim c hc,
nc nhim do ho cht v nc nhim do du m, cht rn l lng... Bin php ny
va mang tnh k thut, va mang tnh qun l rt hu hiu v kinh t gim bt nh
mc tiu hao nc cho sn xut, tit kim vt t, ho cht, nng lng, ng thi gim i
mt lng ng k nc thi cn x l.
- Tun hon ti s dng nc lm mt.
- Khi thng h thng thot nc thi, b tr h ga v t thng thu gom cht thi
rn.
gim thiu ti a cc tc ng mi trng bt li do nc thi ca nh my nhit
in cn p dng mt cch ng b cc bin php qun l ni vi (bn trong d n) v cc
bin php cng ngh ph hp i vi vic x l nc thi trc khi thi ra mi trng
xung quanh, cn m t cc bin php gim thiu nhim c p dng i vi d n.
39
Mt s bin php x l nc thi ph bin nht nhm gim thiu tc ng mi

trng i vi nh my nhit in nh sau :
(1). Nc thi sn xut:
Nc thi t nh my in gm nhiu ngun pht sinh khc nhau, nhng c th
phn thnh 02 loi chnh: Nc thi t h thng kh lu hunh (FGD) v nc thi t
cc ngun khc. Nc thi t h thng kh lu hunh c hm lng cht rn l lng v
nhit cao (khong 540C) nn cn x l bng keo t, lng v lm gim nhit . Nc
thi t cc ngun khc pha trn vi nhau cho thy ch c pH l khng t tiu chun, nn
cn trung ho trc khi thi ra ngun. Chc nng ca tng cng trnh n v x l nc
thi nh sau :
- B cn bng: B cn bng c nhim v iu ho lu lng v nng nc thi,
nhm m bo ch vn hnh n nh cho cc cng trnh n v pha sau;
- B trn: B trn ny c cu to ziczac nhm thay i dng chy, tng kh nng xo
trn gia nc thi v nhm sunfat;
- B trn nhanh: Chc nng ca b trn nhanh l tng cng kh nng phi trn
gia nhm sunfat v nc thi, cng nh to c ch phn ng trong b trn chm pha
sau;
- B trn chm: Chc nng ca b trn chm l tng cng kh nng phi trn gia
cht tr lng v nc thi, nhm lin kt cht rn l lng thnh dng khi m bo
hiu qu lng cao;
- B lng: Thc hin nhim v tch cc cht rn ra khi nc thi bng trng lc.
Lng cht rn lng xung y b to thnh lp bn;
- My p bn trc vt: C nhim v tch nc ra khi bn, to thnh bn c dng
bnh d tn tr v vn chuyn;
- Thp lm ngui: C nhim v lm ngui nc thi n nhit cho php;
- B n nh: C nhim v n nh nng v nhit nc thi sau x l, m bo
lu lng thi n nh.
Ngoi h thng ng ng v bm, ti cc b trn s c my khuy nhm tng kh
nng xo trn. Thit b chnh pH t ng cng c lp t nhm iu khin qu trnh x
l tt hn.
Nng cc cht nhim sau h thng x l phi t tiu chun cho php (TCVN
5945 - 2005) trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
(2). Nc thi sinh hot:
i vi cc ngun nc thi sinh hot (nc tm ra, nc thi v sinh cng cng,
) c thu gom vo cc h ga, dn chuyn n cc b t hoi xy dng ti cc khu vc
khc nhau ca d n.
B t hoi l cng trnh ng thi lm 2 chc nng gm: Lng v phn hu cn
lng. Cn lng c gi li trong b t 6 - 8 thng, di nh hng ca cc vi sinh vt k
kh, cc cht hu c s b phn hu t t. Cc s liu thng k thc t cho thy mi ngi
cn khong 0,2 - 0,3 m3 b t hoi.
40
Sau khi qua b t hoi nc thi sinh hot s thu gom, dn chuyn v Trm x l
nc thi cc b ca d n x l cng nc thi sn xut ca Nh my.
(3). Nc ma chy trn:
H thng thot nc ma v nc thi cn phi tch ring. H thng thot nc
ma c xy dng dc hai bn ng giao thng ni b, b tr cc h ga c song chn
rc, nc ma lng lc t nhin v c cc ging kim tra. Cc h ga s c nh k no
vt loi b nhng rc ri, cn lng. Bn thi c x l theo chn lp hp v sinh.
Sau khi i qua khu vc d n, h thng thot nc ma ca d n c u ni vo h
thng thot nc ma ca khu vc chy ra ngun nc tip nhn.
4.3.3. Gim thiu tc ng mi trng ca cht thi rn
Cc bin php khng ch nhim do cht thi rn s p dng cho nh my nhit
in nh sau :
(1). Bin php chung:
H thng qun l cht thi rn c th p dng ti Nh my nhit in c tm tt
trong hnh 4.
Tro t y ni
hi
Bi tro t h thng
lc tnh in
Nguyn liu th sn
xut gch, xi mng
Bnh bn t h
thng FGD
Cht thi nhim du
Cht thi
sinh hot
t trong l t
Chn lp
ti bi rc cng cng
Hnh 4 : H thng qun l cht thi rn ti nh my nhit in.

(2). Cht thi rn cng nghip
Cht thi rn cng nghip pht sinh t nh my nhit in bao gm nguyn vt liu
th nh thanh kim loi, tro, bao b dnh du, vi, du m, ho cht s dng, ... Cc loi
cht thi ny s c phn loi ti ngun v k hp ng vi n v chc nng thu gom,
vn chuyn, x l nh sau:
- X tro t y ni hi c vn chuyn n cc nh my gch lm nguyn liu
sn xut gch hoc nguyn vt liu lm ng;
41
- Bi tro t h thng lc tnh in cha ch yu cc cht v c khng c hi c

lu gi trong cc b cha. Bi tro s c chuyn n cc nh my b tng v nh my
xi mng s dng nh l ph gia.
- Bnh bn x l kh thi cha lu hunh trong qu trnh x l nc thi c
chuyn n cc nh my xi mng s dng nh l ph gia;
- Bao b, ho cht s dng, c vn chuyn x l ng quy nh.
(3). Cht thi rn sinh hot
Cht thi rn sinh hot s c thu n v c chc nng thu gom v x l ti khu
vc c quy hoch.
4.3.4. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc n cc h sinh thi
D n Nh my nhit in s gy tc ng rt ln n cc h sinh thi ti khu vc v
cc hot ng nh xy dng h thng giao thng, cng trnh ngm, h tng c s v cht
thi sinh ra trong qu trnh hot ng. Do vy cn c nhng bin php gim thiu thch
hp nh:
- Trong qu trnh la chn a im cn quan tm n cc h sinh thi c th b tc
ng bi d n trn c s so snh nh gi li hi gia cc v tr c a ra nhm chn
c v tr ti u cho D n, t tc ng nht ti cc h sinh thi.
- Khng ch nhng tc ng c hi ti cc h sinh thi bng cc gii php hn ch
nhim nh trnh by trn.
- Trin khai cc bin php bo v, qun l v phc hi cc h sinh thi b tc ng.
4.3.5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc n mi trng kinh t - x hi
- nhn vn
Nh trn trnh by, cc tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi v nhn vn c
th xy ra. Do vy cn phi c cc bin php thch hp gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t
x hi. Cc bin php c th l :
- Mi loi tc ng xu ti kinh t, x hi xc nh trong giai on xy dng v
hot ng ca D n u phi c km theo bin php gim thiu tng ng, c l gii r
rng v hiu qu gim thiu tc ng kinh t x hi.
- Phi xut phng n n b, gii to, ti nh c; h tr di di, gii to nh ca,
m m, cc cng trnh lch s, vn ho, tn gio; h tr o to chuyn i ngh nghip,
h tr vic lm cho nhng i tng b tc ng. Cc gii php phi c th, kh thi,
tun th cc quy nh hin hnh, km theo d tr kinh ph, tin thc hin v c quan
thc hin, c quan gim st thc hin.
- Phi xut cc bin php nhm qun l cng nhn, gii quyt mu thun gia
cng nhn v ngi a phng ni thc hin d n; phng nga ly lan bnh dch (V d
: HIV/AIDS); h tr cho cc hot ng ca a phng trong qu trnh xy dng v
hot ng ca d n.
4.4. Bin php gim thiu, phng nga v ng ph cc s c mi trng
Cc bin php phng chng, khng ch s c mi trng i vi cc nh my nhit
42
in nh sau:
4.4.1. Phng chng chy n
Cc bin php phng chng chy n c th p dng cho nh my nhit in l :
- Cc my mc, thit b lm vic nhit , p sut cao c qun l thng qua cc
h s l lch c kim tra, ng kim nh k ti cc c quan chc nng nh nc. Cc
thit b ny c lp t cc ng h o nhit , p sut, mc dung dch trong thit b,
... nhm gim st cc thng s k thut;
- H thng cu ho c lp t gia khong cch ca cc cng trnh xy dng ln
hn 10m iu kin cho ngi v phng tin di chuyn khi c chy, gi khong rng
cn thit ngn cch m chy lan rng. Cc hng ly nc cu ho b tr u khp phm
vi nh my, kt hp cc dng c cha chy nh bnh CO2, bnh bt, ... trong tng b
phn sn xut v t nhng a im thao tc thun tin. H thng phun nc cha
chy t ng theo gii hn nhit 700C b tr u trn mi ca nh my, kt hp h
thng bm iu khin bng p lc trong ng ng hoc t b d tr nc trn cao;
- Trong cc v tr sn xut cn thc hin nghim ngt quy phm an ton i vi tng
cng nhn trong sut thi gian lm vic;
- Cc loi dung mi v nhin liu d chy c lu tr trong cc kho cch ly ring
bit, trnh xa cc ngun c kh nng pht la v tia la in, cc bn cha dung mi
c lp t cc van an ton, cc thit b theo di nhit , cc thit b bo chy, cha
chy t ng;
- Trong cc khu sn xut, kho nguyn liu v thnh phm c lp t h thng bo
chy, h thng thng tin, bo ng. Cc phng tin PCCC c kim tra thng xuyn
v trong tnh trng sn sng hot ng;
- Ban hnh ni quy v vic cm cng nhn khng c ht thuc, khng mang bt
la, dim qut, cc dng c pht ra la do ma st, tia la in, trong khu vc c th
gy chy.
- Thnh lp i phng chng chy n m nhim cng tc PCCC cho nh my ;
- Cng nhn lm vic trc tip trong cc nh xng sn xut, kho cha nhin liu
c tp hun, hng dn cc phng php phng chng chy n;
- u t cc thit b chng chy n ti cc khu vc kho cha hng ho nhin liu.
B tr h thng chng chy n ti xung quanh khu vc d n;
- Trang b cc thit b phng chng chy nhm cu cha kp thi khi s c xy ra;
- B tr cc hng ly nc cha chy v cung cp nc thch hp.
4.4.2. H thng chng st
Cc bin php chng st c th p dng ti nh my nhit in l :
- Lp h thng chng st cho cc v tr cao ca khu vc d n;
- Lp t h thng thu st, thu tnh in tch t v ci tin h thng theo cc cng
ngh mi nhm t an ton cao cho cc hot ng ca d n;
- Lp t in tr tip t xung kch < 10 khi in tr sut ca t < 50.000
43
/cm2. in tr tip t xung kch >10 khi in tr sut ca t > 50.000 /cm2;
- Lp t h thng chng st chung cho ton b khu vc Nh my nhit in v tng
nh xng, cng trnh kho tng;
- Lp t cc loi thit b chng st tch cc, cc tr chng st c b tr bo v
khp d n vi cao bo v tnh ton l 10 - 14m;
4.4.3. Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu
phng chng v cp cu s c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng hay kh pht
sinh t nh my nhit in, ch u t cn phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng kim tra
nghim ngt cc h thng k thut trong kho cha, phng tin vn ti v lp phng n
ng cu s c, c th nh sau:
4.4.3.1. H thng kho b cha
H thng kho cha nguyn nhin liu ca nh my nhit in phi p ng y
cc tiu chun Vit Nam v k thut, an ton (bao gm cc h thng lm mt, van thot
hi, h thng chng st, h thng cu ho, ...).
4.4.3.2. Vn ti v qu trnh nhp xut nhin liu
Cc bin php phng chng r r trong qu trnh vn ti v xut nhp nhin liu c
th p dng nh sau :
- Thc hin nghim ngt qui nh k thut, an ton trong qu trnh nhp xut nhin
liu;
- Cc phng tin vn chuyn xng du, nguyn liu lng, ... (nh xe bn, ...) c
t cch php nhn, cng nh p ng tiu chun an ton, k thut khi vn chuyn trn
ng giao thng.
4.4.3.3. Phng n x l s c r r
Ch u t d n cn phi phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng lp phng n cp
cu x l s c r r, trn du t nh my nhit in, t chc din tp cng tc cp cu
khi xy ra s c thng xuyn.
4.4.3.4. Qun l ri ro ca cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut
Cc bin php qun l ri ro cc ho cht s s dng trong qu trnh vn hnh nh
my nhit in c trnh by bng 17.
Bng 17 : Cc phng php qun l ri ro ca cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut
Stt
Tn ho cht
Quy nh php
lut (Thng t
08/2001/TTBCN)
Bin php an ton
Phng nga s c r r, chy

n
Nhp khu c S dng knh bo h, gng - Khng ln vi cc kh v
iu kin
tay plastic kh ro
cht c th chy, cc cht xy
ho mnh, cc baz mnh, kim
loi;
- trong phng thng gi
Khi tip xc, s dng
01
Axt Clohydric
(HCl)
44
02
Natri
hydroxide
(NaOH)
03
Amonic
(NH3)
tt;
- Bo qun mt.
Khng quy nh S dng knh bo h, gng - trong chai, l chuyn
tay plastic kh ro
dng, ng cht nt chai.
- Trnh xa cc acid mnh, kim
loi.
- Bo qun ni kh ro, thong
mt
Nhp khu c S dng knh bo h, gng - Khng chy;
iu kin
tay plastic kh ro
- Khng ln vi cc cht
oxi ho, acid, halogen. Bo
qun mt.
- trong phng thng gi
tot.
45
CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V QUAN TRC,

GIM ST MI TRNG
Yu cu : Phn ni dung ny phi xut c cc bin php qun l v gim st ,

quan trc mi trng nhm m bo thc hin c hiu qu cc bin php bo v mi
trng c nu trong chng 4 ng thi kp thi pht hin nhng kim khuyt
trong qu trnh thc hin cng nh nhng biu hin suy thoi, nhim mi trng do
D n gy ra iu chnh, ngn chn.
Do vy nhng xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau :
- Nhng xut di gc qun l mi trng phi ht sc c th v ph hp vi
trnh t chc, qun l c s.
- Nhng xut v gim st mi trng ch nn tp trung vo nhng thnh phn mi
trng, nhng ch tiu mi trng chu tc ng ca D n.
iu cn lu l D n phi chu hon ton kinh ph cho nhng hot ng ni trn,
nn trong phn ny cng cn nu ln nhng d ton kinh ph cn thit nhm m bo
cho cc hot ng ny.
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng

Chng trnh qun l mi trng (EMP) l k hoch p dng cc bin php gim
thiu tc ng c hi v yu cu gim st d n. Mc tiu ca EMP l trin khai cc bin
php gim thiu tc ng xut v gim st hiu qu ca bin php gim thiu, xc
nh cc tc ng thc t ca d n.
ra mt chng trnh nhm qun l cc vn mi trng trong qu trnh xy
dng cc cng trnh ca d n v trong qu trnh d n i vo vn hnh trong thc t.
Chng trnh qun l mi trng c xy dng trn c s tng hp t cc chng 1, 3,
4 di dng 1 ma trn bao gm: hot ng ca d n trong qu trnh xy dng v hot
ng, cc tc ng mi trng, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng c hi, kinh ph thc
hin, thi gian thc hin, c quan thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng v c quan
gim st thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng.
5.2. Chng trnh quan trc, gim st mi trng
Theo di din bin cht lng mi trng v kim sot nhim ca D n s do
Ch u t d n thc hin vi s kt hp vi cc c quan chuyn mn c chc nng.
Vic gim st mi trng cn phi c tin hnh mt cch lin tc trong sut qu trnh
xy dng v hot ng ca D n. Chng trnh gim st, quan trc mi trng cn xc
nh r:
- i tng, ch tiu quan trc mi trng.
- Thi gian v tn sut quan trc.
46
- Nhu cu, thit b quan trc.

- Nhn lc phc v cho quan trc.
- D tr kinh ph cho quan trc mi trng.
Cc im quan trc, gim st mi trng phi c th hin trn bn GIS, s liu
quan trc mi trng phi c cp nht, lu gi.
5.3.1. i tng, ch tiu quan trc, gim st mi trng
Chng trnh gim st mi trng cn tp trung vo cc i tng chnh sau : khng
kh, ting n, nc mt, nc ngm, t v sc khe cng ng.
5.3.1.1. Gim st cht thi
Ch d n cn phi kt hp vi cc c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng tin
hnh gim st nh k cht lng mi trng, nhm mc ch kim sot, bo v v gim
st nhim mi trng. Tnh trng mi trng s c thng xuyn theo di, s liu s
c lu tr.
(1). Gim st kh thi
- Thng s chn lc: Bi tng cng, kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC.
- a im t v tr gim st: ti cc ng khi l hi.
- Tn s thu mu v phn tch: 3 thng /ln;
- Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun;
- Tiu chun so snh: Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (TCVN 5939 - 2005, TCVN
5940 - 2005 v TCVN 7440 - 2005).
(2). Gim st nc thi
- Thng s chn lc: pH, BOD5, COD, SS, NH4+, tng Nit, tng Photpho, du m
khong, Tng Phenol, Ch, E.Coli, Tng Coliform;
- a im gim st: ti thiu 3 im gim st (1 im trc khi vo h thng x l
ca nh my nhit in, 1 im nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l ca nh my nhit
in v 1 im x nc lm ngui).
- Tn sut gim st: 3 thng /ln;
- Tiu chun so snh: Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (TCVN 5945 - 2005).
(3). Gim st cht thi rn
Khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot, sn xut s c thng k hng ngy. nh k (3
thng/ln) v bo co cho c quan qun l mi trng.
5.3.1.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh
(1). Gim st cht lng khng kh, ting n
- Thng s chn lc: Bi tng cng, kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC, ting n.
- a im t v tr gim st: trong v ngoi khu vc nh my nhit in.
47
- Tn s thu mu v phn tch: 6 thng /ln;

- Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch : Phng php tiu chun;
- Tiu chun so snh: Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (TCVN 5937 - 2005, TCVN
5938 - 2005, TCVN 5949 - 1998).
(2). Gim st cht lng nc mt
- Thng s chn lc: pH, BOD5, COD, DO, SS, Amonia, Nitrit, Nitrat, Sunfat,
Florua, tng st, ch, du m, tng phenol, tng nit, Mangan, E.Coli, Tng Coliform;
- S im gim st: ti thiu ti im x nc thi, thng lu v h lu so vi im
x nc thi.
- Tn s kho st: 6 thng /ln;
- Tiu chun so snh: Quy chun k thut Vit Nam v mi trng (QCVN 08/
2008/BTNMT).
(3). Gim st cht lng nc ngm
- Thng s chn lc: pH, mu, cng, TDS, Clorua, Florua, Nitrat, Nitrit,
Sunfat, Mangan, tng St, Ch, Thu ngn, Km, E.Coli, Tng Coliform;
- S im gim st: xung quanh khu vc d n;
- Tn s kho st: 06 thng /ln.
- Tiu chun so snh: Quy chun k thut Vit Nam v mi trng (QCVN 09/
2008/BTNMT) v Tiu chun nc sch km theo Quyt nh s 09/2005/Q-BYT ngy
11/3/2005 ca B trng B Y t).
(4). Gim st mi trng t
- La chn v tr gim st mi trng t ti vng t b nhim do bi than, kh
c hoc vng t b ngp bi nc thi.
- Yu t gim st: hm lng mn, kim loi nng v du m.
- Tn sut gim st : 02 t/nm.
- Tiu chun so snh : Quy chun k thut Vit Nam v mi trng (QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT).
(5) Gim st khc:
Ch phi gim st cc yu t: xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; xi l b sng, b sui,
b h, b bin; bi lng lng sng, lng sui, lng h, y bin; thay i mc nc mt,
nc ngm; xm nhp mn; xm nhp phn; v cc ngun gy tc ng khc (nu c)
trong trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim st chung
ca c quan nh nc, vi tn sut ph hp nhm theo di c s bin i theo khng
gian v thi gian ca cc yu t ny. Cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s
vi ch gii r rng.
S cc v tr gim st cht lng mi trng phi c th hin trn bn GIS.
48
5.3.2. D tr kinh ph cho gim st, quan trc mi trng

Vic d tr kinh ph cho hot ng quan trc mi trng ca c s l cn thit v
khng th thiu, do vy trong phn ni dung ny phi xut rt c th, r rng nhng
khong kinh ph d tr cho hot ng quan trc tng thnh phn mi trng nu trn.
49
CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG

Yu cu : Phn ny phi tng hp c nhng kin tn thnh, khng tn thnh ca
y ban nhn dn, y ban Mt trn T quc cp x, ca i biu tham gia i thoi.
Mc tiu ca tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin l huy ng cng ng tham
gia tch cc vo qu trnh TM nhm xc nh cc tc ng ca d n trong giai on
gim st tun th d n.
6.1. nh ngha v cng ng
Cng ng c xc nh nh ton b tp hp nhng ngi c kh nng b tc ng
bi d n, bao gm ngi ni tr, ngi bun bn, ngi s dng t v ngi lm vic
trong lnh vc cng nghip. Theo Lut BVMT 2005, i din ca cng ng l UBND v
UBMTTQ cp x.
Cch tip cn nhm thc hin tham vn cng ng l khuyn khch s tham vn
cng ng t giai on u tin ca qu trnh TM- Giai on nghin cu tin kh thi tip xc vi cng cc i din ca cng ng trong sut qu trnh TM. Bng cch ny
cng ng tr thnh b phn b sung vo i ng thc hin TM.
6.2. Hng dn v tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin
Theo Mc 8, iu 20 ca Lut BVMT 2005 kin ca U ban nhn dn x,
phng, th trn (sau y gi chung l U ban nhn dn cp x), i din cng ng dn
c ni thc hin d n; cc kin khng tn thnh vic t d n ti a phng hoc
khng tn thnh i vi cc gii php bo v mi trng phi c nu trong bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng.
Ngh nh 21/2008.N-CP4 b sung "iu 6a. Ly kin y ban nhn dn x,
phng, th trn v i din cng ng dn c trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng nh sau
(1). y ban Mt trn T quc x, phng, th trn (sau y gi l y ban Mt trn
T quc cp x) i din cho cng ng dn c tham gia kin trong qu trnh lp bo
co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n u t trn a bn.
(2). Ch d n gi vn bn thng bo v cc hng mc u t chnh, cc vn mi
trng, cc gii php bo v mi trng ca d n v ngh y ban nhn dn, y Mt
trn T quc cp x ni thc hin d n tham gia kin.
(3). Trong thi hn mi lm ngy (15) lm vic, k t ngy nhn c vn bn
ngh tham gia kin, y ban nhn dn v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x c trch
nhim tr li ch d n bng vn bn kin ca mnh v cng b cng khai nhn dn
bit.
Qu thi hn nu trn, nu khng nhn c vn bn tr li th c xem l y ban
nhn dn cp x v i din cng ng dn c ng vi ch d n.
50
(4). Cc d n sau y khng phi ly kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x v i

din cng ng dn c ni thc hin d n trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng
mi trng:
a). D n u t nm trong khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao trong
trng hp d n xy dng kt cu h tng ca khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng
ngh cao c c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt bo co nh
gi tc ng mi trng.
Trng hp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n xy dng kt cu h
tng khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao c ph duyt sau ngy 01
thng 7 nm 2006 th phi c c quan nh nc v bo v mi trng c thm quyn
theo quy nh ca php lut kim tra, xc nhn l thc hin y cc ni dung bo v
mi trng nu trong Quyt nh ph duyt v bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.
b). D n trn vng bin khng xc nh c trch nhim qun l hnh chnh ca
y ban nhn dn cp x ly kin trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng.
c). Cc d n u t thuc lnh vc an ninh, quc phng lin quan n b mt quc
gia".
Theo Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ca B TN-MT, qu trnh thc hin tham vn
kin cng ng c trin khai nh sau :
(1). Ch d n gi vn bn thng bo v cc hng mc u t chnh, cc vn mi
trng, cc gii php bo v mi trng ca d n v ngh y ban nhn dn, y ban
Mt trn T quc cp x ni thc hin d n tham gia kin. Ni dung c th ca thng
bo bao gm: nhng ni dung chnh ca d n, nhng tc ng tiu cc ca d n n
mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi (trong cn ch r chng loi km theo nng ,
thi lng cc loi cht thi), nhng bin php gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc s p
dng v nhng cam kt khc ca ch d n v bo v mi trng (trong cn ch r
cng ngh, thit b v cng trnh x l cht thi, mc x l theo cc thng s c
trng ca cht thi so vi tiu chun, quy chun quy nh v cc bin php khc v bo
v mi trng) km theo nhng s (bn , bn v) th hin r v tr ca d n trong
mi lin h vi cc i tng t nhin v kinh t - x hi xung quanh, s (bn v)
tng mt bng ca d n vi cc hng mc cng trnh chnh ca d n v cc cng trnh
x l v qun l cht thi ca d n, cc cng trnh bo v mi trng i vi cc yu t
khc ngoi cht thi (th hin r cc im u ni h tng c s, k c cc cng trnh x
l v qun l cht thi ca d n vi h thng h tng c s v cc i tng t nhin bn
ngoi hng ro khu vc d n).
(2). Trong thi hn c quy nh ti khon 4 iu 1 Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP,
y ban nhn dn v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x c trch nhim:
- Cng b cng khai nhn dn bit v tr li ch d n bng vn bn c lp
theo mu quy nh ti Ph lc 5 ban hnh km theo Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT.
- Thng bo bng vn bn yu cu ch d n phi hp thc hin i thoi i vi
trng hp cn thit. Kt qu i thoi gia ch d n, y ban nhn dn, y ban Mt
trn T quc cp x v cc bn c lin quan c ghi thnh bin bn, trong c danh
sch i biu tham gia v phn nh y nhng kin tho lun, kin tip thu
51
hoc khng tip thu ca ch d n; bin bn c ch k (ghi h tn, chc danh) ca i

din ch d n v i din cc bn lin quan tham d i thoi.
(3). Nhng kin tn thnh, khng tn thnh ca y ban nhn dn, y ban Mt trn
T quc cp x, ca i biu tham gia i thoi phi c tng hp v th hin trung
thc trong ni dung bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.
(4). Cc vn bn tham vn cng ng ca ch d n, vn bn gp kin ca y ban
nhn dn, y ban Mt trn T quc cp x, bin bn cuc i thoi v cc vn bn tham
vn cng ng khc (nu c) phi c sao v nh km trong phn ph lc ca bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng.
(5). Cc trng hp khng phi ly kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x v i din
cng ng dn c ni thc hin d n trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng c quy nh ti khon 4 iu 1 Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP.
52
CHNG 7. CU TRC CA BO CO NH GI TC NG
MI TRNG
Yu cu : Cu trc bo co TM phi da trn hng dn ti Ph lc 4, Thng t s

05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam
kt bo v mi trng
Cu trc v ni dung bo co TM d n nh my nhit in c m t chi tit
da theo Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng
mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng, c th nh sau:
53
M U
1. Xut x ca d n:
- Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i ca d n u t, trong nu r l loi d n mi, d
n b sung, d n m rng, d n nng cp hay d n loi khc.
- C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t (bo co u t/bo co kinh
t - k thut/d n u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n).
- Mi quan h ca d n vi cc quy hoch pht trin do c quan qun l nh nc c
thm quyn thm nh v ph duyt (nu r hin trng ca cc quy hoch pht trin c
lin quan n d n: c ph duyt th nu y tn gi ca quyt nh ph duyt
hoc ang trong giai on xy dng trnh cp c thm quyn thm nh v ph
duyt).
- Nu r d n c nm trong khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu ch
xut hay khng? Nu c th nu y tn gi v nh km bn sao cc vn bn sau
vo Ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng:
+ Quyt nh ph duyt (nu c) bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n u
t xy dng kt cu h tng ca khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip, khu
ch xut do c quan c thm quyn cp;
+ Vn bn xc nhn (nu c) thc hin/hon thnh cc ni dung ca bo co v yu
cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do c quan c
thm quyn cp (i vi trng hp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao c ph
duyt sau ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2006).
2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng m
trng (TM):
- Lit k cc vn bn php lut v vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM
v lp bo co TM ca d n, trong nu y , chnh xc m s, tn, ngy ban
hnh, c quan ban hnh ca tng vn bn.
- Lit k cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng bao gm cc Tiu chun Vit Nam, Quy
chun Vit Nam; tiu chun, quy chun ngnh; cc tiu chun, quy chun quc t hoc
cc tiu chun, quy chun khc c nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
ca d n.
- Lit k cc ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi
trng (tn gi, xut x thi gian, tc gi, ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu), bao gm:
+ Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho;
+ Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp.
3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM:
Lit k y cc phng php s dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM v lp bo
co TM, bao gm cc phng php TM, cc phng php iu tra, kho st, nghin
cu, th nghim v cc phng php khc.
4. T chc thc hin TM:
- Nu tm tt v vic t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n, trong
54
ch r vic c thu hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM. Trng hp c

thu dch v t vn, nu r tn c quan cung cp dch v; h v tn ngi ng u c
quan cung cp dch v; a ch lin h ca c quan cung cp dch v;
- Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM ca d n (bao gm cc
thnh vin ca ch d n v cc thnh vin ca c quan t vn, nu r hc v, chuyn
ngnh o to ca tng thnh vin).
Chng 1: M T TM TT D N
1.1. Tn d n:
Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co u t/bo co kinh t - k thut/d n u t
hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n.
1.2. Ch d n:
Nu y : tn ca c quan ch d n, a ch v phng tin lin h vi c quan ch
d n; h tn v chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n.
1.3. V tr a l ca d n:
M t r rng v tr a l (gm c ta theo quy chun hin hnh, ranh gii ) ca
a im thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng
ng giao thng; h thng sng sui, ao h v cc vc nc khc; h thng i ni
...), cc i tng kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut - kinh
doanh - dch v, cc cng trnh vn ho - tn gio, cc di tch lch s ...) v cc i
tng khc xung quanh khu vc d n, km theo s v tr a l th hin cc i
tng ny, c ch gii r rng.
1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n:
M t ni dung ch yu ca d n theo cc giai on (chun b, xy dng v vn hnh)
ca d n, gm:
- Lit k y , m t chi tit v khi lng v quy m (khng gian v thi gian) ca
tt c cc hng mc cng trnh cn trin khai trong qu trnh thc hin d n, km theo
mt s , bn v mt bng tng th b tr tt c cc hng mc cng trnh hoc cc s
, bn v ring l cho tng hng mc cng trnh. Cc cng trnh c phn thnh 2
loi sau:
+ Cc cng trnh chnh: cng trnh phc v mc ch sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v ca
d n;
+ Cc cng trnh ph tr: cng trnh h tr, phc v cho hot ng ca cng trnh
chnh, nh: giao thng vn ti, bu chnh vin thng, cung cp in, cung cp nc,
thot nc ma, thot nc thi, di dn ti nh c, cy xanh phng h mi trng,
trm x l nc thi, ni x l hoc trm tp kt cht thi rn (nu c) v cc cng
trnh khc.
- M t chi tit, c th v cng ngh thi cng, cng ngh sn xut, cng ngh vn hnh
tng hng mc cng trnh ca d n, km theo s minh ha. Trn cc s minh
ha ny phi ch r cc yu t mi trng c kh nng pht sinh, nh: ngun cht thi
v cc yu t gy tc ng khc (nu c).
- Lit k y cc loi my mc, thit b cn c ca d n km theo ch dn v nc
sn xut, nm sn xut v hin trng mi hay c, cn bao nhiu phn trm (nu c).
55
- Lit k y thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc loi nguyn, nhin, vt liu (u vo)
v cc chng loi sn phm (u ra) ca d n km theo ch dn v tn thng hiu v
cng thc ho hc (nu c).
- M t chi tit v tin thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t khi bt u
cho n khi hon thnh v i vo vn hnh chnh thc.
- Tng mc u t v ngun vn u t ca d n, trong , ch r mc u t cho hot
ng bo v mi trng ca d n.
- T chc qun l v thc hin d n.
Chng 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X
HI
2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng:
- iu kin v a l, a cht: ch cp v m t nhng i tng, hin tng, qu
trnh b tc ng bi d n (i vi d n c lm thay i cc yu t a l, cnh quan;
d n khai thc khong sn v d n lin quan n cc cng trnh ngm th phi m t
mt cch chi tit); ch dn ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.
- iu kin v kh tng thu vn/hi vn:
+ iu kin kh tng: trnh by r cc c trng kh tng c lin quan n d n
(nhit khng kh, m, vn tc gi, hng gi, tn sut gi, nng v bc x, lng
ma, bo v cc iu kin v kh tng d thng khc); ch r di chui s liu;
ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng;
+ iu kin thu vn/hi vn: trnh by r cc c trng thu vn/hi vn c lin quan
n d n (mc nc, lu lng, tc dng chy v cc iu kin v thy vn/hi vn
khc); ch r di chui s liu; ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, s dng.
- Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin: ch cp v m t nhng thnh
phn mi trng b tc ng trc tip bi d n, nh: mi trng khng kh tip nhn
trc tip ngun kh thi ca d n (lu hn n nhng vng b nh hng theo cc
hng gi ch o), ngun nc tip nhn trc tip nc thi ca d n, t, trm tch
v h sinh vt chu nh hng trc tip bi cht thi v cc yu t khc ca d n.
i vi mi trng khng kh, nc, t v trm tch i hi nh sau:
+ Ch dn r rng cc s liu o c, phn tch ti thi im tin hnh TM v cht
lng mi trng (lu : cc im o c, ly mu phi c m s, c ch dn v thi
gian, a im, ng thi, phi c th hin bng cc biu, bng r rng v c minh
ha bng s b tr cc im trn nn bn khu vc. Cc im o c, ly mu t
nht phi l cc im b tc ng trc tip bi d n. Vic o c, phn tch phi tun
th quy trnh, quy phm quan trc, phn tch mi trng; kt qu quan trc, phn tch
mi trng phi c hon thin v c xc nhn ca cc n v c chc nng theo
quy nh ca php lut);
+ Nhn xt v mc nhim khng kh, nc, t v trm tch so vi tiu chun, quy
chun k thut mi trng. Nhn nh v nguyn nhn, ngun gc nhim. Trong
trng hp c c s d liu v mi trng, nh gi s b v sc chu ti ca mi
trng khu vc d n theo tiu chun, quy chun k thut mi trng.
2.2. iu kin kinh t x hi:
56
- iu kin v kinh t: ch cp n nhng hot ng kinh t (cng nghip, nng

nghip, giao thng vn ti, khai khong, du lch, thng mi, dch v v cc ngnh
khc) trong khu vc d n v vng k cn b tc ng bi d n; ch dn ngun ti liu,
d liu tham kho, s dng.
- iu kin v x hi: ch cp n nhng cc cng trnh vn ho, x hi, tn gio, tn
ngng, di tch lch s, khu dn c, khu th v cc cng trnh lin quan khc trong
vng d n v cc vng k cn b tc ng bi d n; ch dn ngun ti liu, d liu
tham kho, s dng.
Chng 3: NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. nh gi tc ng:
- Vic nh gi tc ng ca d n ti mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi c
thc hin theo tng giai on (chun b, xy dng v vn hnh) ca d n v phi c
c th ho cho tng ngun gy tc ng, n tng i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng
u phi c nh gi mt cch c th, chi tit v mc , v quy m khng gian v
thi gian (nh gi mt cch nh tnh, nh lng, chi tit v c th cho d n ,
khng nh gi mt cch chung chung) v so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy
chun, quy nh hin hnh. Trong :
+ Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi: tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht
sinh cc loi cht thi rn, lng, kh cng nh cc loi cht thi khc trong qu trnh
trin khai thc hin d n;
+ Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi: tt c cc ngun gy tc ng
khng lin quan n cht thi, nh: xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; xi l b sng, b
sui, b h, b bin; bi lng lng sng, lng sui, lng h, y bin; thay i mc
nc mt, nc ngm; xm nhp mn; xm nhp phn; bin i vi kh hu; suy thoi
cc thnh phn mi trng; bin i a dng sinh hc v cc ngun gy tc ng khc;
+ i tng b tc ng: tt c cc i tng t nhin, kinh t, vn ho, x hi, tn
gio, tn ngng, di tch lch s v cc i tng khc trong vng d n v cc vng k
cn b tc ng bi tng ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi, tng ngun gy
tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong cc giai on ca d n (chun b, xy
dng v vn hnh) v bi cc ri ro, s c mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v vn
hnh ca d n.
- D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra: ch cp n nhng ri ro, s c
c th xy ra bi d n trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh ca d n.
3.2. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi:
Nhn xt khch quan v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi v cc tc ng
mi trng, cc ri ro, s c mi trng c kh nng xy ra khi trin khai d n v khi
khng trin khai d n. i vi nhng vn cn thiu tin cy cn thit, phi nu r
cc l do khch quan v cc l do ch quan (nh thiu thng tin, d liu; s liu, d
liu hin c b lc hu; s liu, d liu t to lp cha c chnh xc, tin cy;
thiu hoc tin cy ca phng php nh gi c hn; trnh chuyn mn ca i
ng cn b v TM c hn; cc nguyn nhn khc).
Chng 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA
V NG PH S C MI TRNG
57
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng phi

c th hin i vi tng giai on (chun b, xy dng v vn hnh) ca d n, tng
i tng b tc ng nh nu trong mc 3.1 v phi l cc bin php c th, c tnh
kh thi s c p dng trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n.
4.1. i vi cc tc ng xu:
- Mi loi tc ng xu n cc i tng t nhin v kinh t - x hi xc nh u
phi c km theo bin php gim thiu tng ng, c l gii r rng v u im, nhc
im, mc kh thi, hiu sut/hiu qu x l. Trong trng hp vic trin khai cc
bin php gim thiu ca d n lin quan n nhiu c quan, t chc, phi kin ngh c
th tn cc c quan, t chc v xut phng n phi hp cng gii quyt.
- Phi chng minh c rng, sau khi p dng bin php gim thiu, cc tc ng xu s
c gim n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh
hin hnh. Trng hp bt kh khng, phi nu r l do v c nhng kin ngh c th
cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh.
4.2. i vi s c mi trng:
xut mt phng n chung v phng nga v ng ph s c, trong nu r:
- Ni dung, bin php m ch d n ch ng thc hin trong kh nng ca mnh; nhn
xt, nh gi v tnh kh thi v hiu qu;
- Ni dung, bin php cn phi c s hp tc, gip ca cc c quan nh nc v cc
i tc khc;
- Nhng vn bt kh khng v kin ngh hng x l.
Chng 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng:
ra mt chng trnh nhm qun l cc vn v bo v mi trng trong qu trnh
chun b, xy dng cc cng trnh ca d n v trong qu trnh d n i vo vn hnh.
Chng trnh qun l mi trng c xy dng trn c s tng hp t cc chng 1,
3, 4 di dng bng, bao gm cc thng tin v: cc hot ng ca d n trong qu trnh
chun b, xy dng v vn hnh; cc tc ng mi trng; cc bin php gim thiu tc
ng c hi (cc cng trnh x l v qun l cht thi km theo ch dn c th v chng
loi v c tnh k thut; cng trnh x l mi trng i vi cc yu t khc ngoi
cht thi; cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng; cc bin php phc hi mi
trng nu c; chng trnh gio dc, o to v mi trng v cc bin php gim
thiu cc tc ng c hi khc); kinh ph thc hin; thi gian biu thc hin v hon
thnh; c quan thc hin v c quan gim st thc hin chng trnh qun l mi
trng.
5.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng:
ra chng trnh nhm gim st cc cht thi pht sinh trong sut qu trnh chun b, xy
dng v vn hnh ca d n:
5.2.1. Gim st cht thi: i hi phi gim st lu lng/tng lng thi v gim st nhng
thng s nhim c trng cho cht thi ca d n theo tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh ca
Vit Nam, vi tn sut ti thiu 03 (ba) thng mt ln. Cc im gim st phi c th hin
c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy chun hin hnh.
58
i vi cc d n pht sinh ngun nc thi, kh thi ln, tim n nguy c gy nhim mi

trng mc cao, phi c phng n thit k v lp t cc thit b o lu lng v quan
trc t ng, lin tc cc thng s nhim c trng trong cht thi c quan thm nh v
ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng xem xt, quyt nh.
5.2.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh: ch phi gim st nhng thng s nhim c
trng cho d n theo tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong
trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim st chung ca c
quan nh nc, vi tn sut ti thiu 06 (su) thng mt ln. Cc im gim st phi
c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy chun hin hnh.
5.2.3. Gim st khc: ch phi gim st cc yu t: xi mn, trt, st, l, ln t; xi
l b sng, b sui, b h, b bin; bi lng lng sng, lng sui, lng h, y bin;
thay i mc nc mt, nc ngm; xm nhp mn; xm nhp phn; v cc tc ng
ti cc i tng t nhin v kinh t - x hi khc (nu c) vi tn sut ph hp nhm
theo di c s bin i theo khng gian v thi gian ca cc yu t ny. Cc im
gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng v ta theo quy
chun hin hnh.
Chng 6: THAM VN KIN CNG NG
6.1. kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x.
6.2. kin ca y ban Mt trn T quc cp x.
(Cc im 6.1 v 6.2 ny c th hin theo yu cu nu ti mc 2 Phn III ca Thng
t ny).
6.3. kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca y ban
nhn dn cp x v y ban Mt trn T quc cp x:
i vi tng ni dung kin, yu cu ca y ban nhn dn cp x v y ban Mt trn
T quc cp x, ch d n cn nu r quan im ca mnh ng hay khng ng ;
trng hp ng th cn nu r cc cam kt ca ch d n p ng kin, yu cu
ny c trnh by ni dung (chng, mc) no ca bo co; trng hp khng ng
th cn nu r l do ti sao.
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT
1. Kt lun:
Phi c kt lun v nhng vn , nh: nhn dng v nh gi c ht nhng tc
ng cha, nhng vn g cn cha d bo c; nh gi tng qut v mc , quy
m ca nhng tc ng xc nh; mc kh thi ca cc bin php gim thiu tc
ng xu v phng chng, ng ph cc s c, ri ro mi trng; nhng tc ng tiu
cc no khng th c bin php gim thiu v vt qu kh nng cho php ca ch d
n v nu r l do.
2. Kin ngh:
Kin ngh vi cc cp, cc ngnh lin quan gip gii quyt nhng vn vt kh nng
gii quyt ca d n.
3. Cam kt:
Cc cam kt ca ch d n v vic thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng, chng
trnh gim st mi trng nh nu trong Chng 5 (bao gm cc tiu chun, quy
chun k thut mi trng m d n bt buc phi p dng); thc hin cc cam kt vi
59
cng ng nh nu ti mc 6.3 Chng 6 ca bo co TM; tun th cc quy nh

chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan n cc giai on ca d n, gm:
- Cc cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng s thc hin v hon
thnh trong cc giai on chun b v xy dng n thi im trc khi d n i vo
vn hnh chnh thc;
- Cc cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng s c thc hin trong
giai on t khi d n i vo vn hnh chnh thc cho n khi kt thc d n;
- Cam kt v n b v khc phc nhim mi trng trong trng hp cc s c, ri
ro mi trng xy ra do trin khai d n;
- Cam kt phc hi mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng sau
khi d n kt thc vn hnh.
PH LC
nh km trong Ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cc loi ti liu sau
y:
- Bn sao cc vn bn php l lin quan n d n;
- Cc s (bn v, bn ) khc lin quan n d n nhng cha c th hin trong
cc chng ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;
- Cc phiu kt qu phn tch cc thnh phn mi trng (khng kh, ting n, nc,
t, trm tch, ti nguyn sinh hc ) c ch k km theo h tn, chc danh ca Th
trng c quan phn tch v ng du;
- Bn sao cc vn bn lin quan n tham vn cng ng v cc phiu iu tra x hi
hc (nu c);
- Cc hnh nh lin quan n khu vc d n (nu c);
- Cc ti liu lin quan khc (nu c).
60
TI LIU THAM KHO

[01]. Quyt nh s 95/2001/Q-TTg ngy 22 thng 6 nm 2001 ca Th tng
Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin in lc Vit Nam giai on 2001 - 2010 c
xt trin vng n nm 2020
[02]. PGS.TS Trn Hu Uyn, Nng lng v mi trng, Tp ch Xy dng, s 5
/1998.
[03]. Hin trng cc nh my nhit in t than Vit Nam, Website B Khoa hc
v Cng ngh, ngy 03/09/2008.
[04]. Bo co kt qu gim st mi trng t 7. D n Nh my nhit in Mn,
do Vin K thut Nhit i v Bo v Mi trng thc hin, Thng 07/2008.
[05]. Bo co Kim sot nhim mi trng nm 2008 ti Cng ty TNHHNN 1
Thnh vin Nhit in Th c, 09/2006.
[06]. Bo co Kim sot nhim mi trng nm 2008 ti Cng ty TNHHNN 1
Thnh vin Nhit in Cn Th, 06/2008.
[07]. Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho D n u t T my 2, Nh my
nhit in Formosa do Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng (RNTEC) thc hin, thng
09/2007.
61
PH LC
PH LC I. PHIU IU TRA KINH T - X HI
1. Khu vc iu tra:
- Tn khu vc iu tra: ................................................................................
- S h dn: ..... (h). Tng s dn: ..........(ngi). Bnh qun:........ ngi/h.
- T l tng dn s trung bnh: ................. %.
2. Tnh trng t ai:
- Tng din tch t:............... (ha). Trong t nng nghip: ............. (ha).
- t cng nghip: ..................(ha). t khc: ....................................... (ha).
3. Tnh hnh kinh t:
- S h lm nng nghip: .............. (h). Phi nng nghip: (h)
- S ngi lm trong cc x nghip cng nghip ti a phng: (ngi)
- Thu nhp: Bnh qun:......... /thng.
Cao nht: ................../thng
Thp nht: ................/thng
- S h giu: ............................ (h). S h ngho: (h)
4. Cc cng trnh cng cng, h tng c s trong khu vc:
- C quan, Trng hc, Vin nghin cu: ................(c s)
- Nh my, X nghip cng nghip: ..........................(c s)
- Bnh vin, Trm Y t: ............................................(c s)
- Ch: ..................... (c s). Ngha trang: ................(c s)
- nh, cha, nh th: ................................(c s)
- Trnh trng giao thng, ng:
+ ng t:........................ %. + ng cp phi: ................%
+ ng b tng: ................ %. + ng gch:....................... %
- Tnh trng cp in, nc:
+ S h c cp in: ............. (h). + S h c cp nc: .......... (h)
5. Tnh hnh sc kho:
- S ngi mc bnh truyn nhim: ....... (ngi).
- Bnh mn tnh: ................(ngi)
- Bnh ngh nghip: ................(ngi)
6. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca a phng v D n:
Xc nhn ca chnh quyn a phng
Ngy... thng.... nm
Ngi iu tra
62
PH LC II. CC PHNG PHP NH GI TC NG MI TRNG S

DNG CHO LOI HNH D N
Cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng s dng trong qu trnh lp bo co
TM ni chung v i vi cc D n nh my nhit in ni ring l :
- Phng php thng k : Nhm thu thp v x l cc s liu v iu kin kh tng,
thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc xy dng D n.
- Phng php lp bng lit k (Checklist): c s dng lp mi quan h gia
cc hot ng ca D n v cc tc ng mi trng.
- Phng php ma trn (Matrices) : Phng php ny cho php phn tch, nh gi
mt cch tng hp tc ng tng h a chiu ng thi gia cc hot ng ca d n
n tt c cc yu t ti nguyn v mi trng trong vng d n.
- Phng php mng li (Networks) : Mc ch ca phng php ny l phn tch,
nh gi cc tc ng song song v ni tip do cc hot ng d n gy ra v c din
gii theo nguyn l nguyn nhn - h qu. Phng php ny c s dng nh gi
cc tc ng s cp (bc 1) v chui cc tc ng th cp (bc 2, 3, 4 ).
- Phng php so snh : Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s cc Tiu chun,
quy chun mi trng Vit Nam;
- Phng php chuyn gia : S dng i ng cc chuyn gia nh gi cc tc
ng mi trng.
- Phng php nh gi nhanh theo h s nhim do Vit Nam v cc t chc quc
t (V d : T chc Y t Th gii (WHO)) thit lp nhm c tnh ti lng cc cht
nhim t cc hot ng ca D n.
- Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim:
nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng khng kh, nc, n ti khu t
D n v khu vc xung quanh.
- Phng php m hnh ha mi trng : M phng cc qu trnh thc t di dng
cc phng trnh ton hc cho tng i lng. Dng cc phng php s gii cc
phng trnh ny trn my tnh s tm c cc tham s (hoc i lng) cn bit ti cc
thi im v cc im khng gian khc nhau.
- Phng php phn tch chi ph, li ch : l mt phng php nh gi s mong
mun tng i gia cc phng n cnh tranh nhau, khi s la chn c o lng
bng gi tr kinh t to ra cho ton x hi.
- Phng php tham vn cng ng : Phng php ny s dng trong qu trnh
phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin D n.
- Phng php vin thm v GIS :Trn c s gii on cc nh v tinh ti khu vc
d n, kt hp s dng cc phn mm GIS (Acview, Mapinfor, ...) c th nh gi c
mt cch tng th hin trng ti nguyn thin nhin, hin trng thm thc vt, cy trng,
t v s dng t cng vi cc yu t t nhin v cc hot ng kinh t khc.
- Nhng phng php khc (Phng php phng vn c nhn; phng php nh
gi nng thn c s tham gia ca cng ng (PRA) ...).
63
64

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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

3.3.2.3. Tc ng n mi trng t ....................................................................28

4.4.2. H thng chng st ..........................................................................................43

CHNG 1. GII THIU TM TT D N NH MY NHIT IN

S quy trnh cng ngh ca d n Nh my nhit in c trnh by trong hnh

Hnh 1: S cng ngh ca D n nh my nhit in.

Chi tit k thut

Chi tit k thut

Chi tit k thut

1.2.3.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, ho cht, nhin liu, din, nc phc v nh my

Bng 3: Nhu cu v nguyn vt liu cung cp cho cng an x l nc cp

1.2.3.5. Phng thc vn chuyn, cung cp v bo qun nguyn, nhin vt liu

CHNG 2. THU THP S LIU, KHO ST V NH GI

Yu cu : Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu

Hin trng mi trng t nhin, KT-XH ti khu vc D n nh my nhit in v

Phng php kho st v

Theo s liu thng k ca

Thu thp thng tin, t liu

- Phng php trc quang

Din tch cc loi t (ha)

Hm lng kim loi nng, du m v tng phenol trong t ti khu vc d n s

Kim loi nng

Ghi ch : V tr ly mu: im W1, W2

Ghi ch : V tr ly mu: im GW1, GW2

Ghi ch : im o: KK1, KK2, KK3

rung s c o theo 3 thng s (Gia tc, vn tc v tn sut) ti cc im o

Phng php kho st v

tra, phng vn khi kho

Yu cu : Phn ni dung ny cn phi ch ra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng

- Bi, kh thi t my o t, xe i san lp nn

Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong qu trnh xy dng v lp

Ngun gy nhim nc trong giai on xy dng ch yu l nc thi sinh hot

- Nc ma chy trn c lu lng ph thuc vo ch ma ca khu vc v

Hot ng ca cc tua bin

Sinh hot ca cng nhn

Nc ma chy trn trn khu vc nh

X l nc thi pht sinh t nh my

Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn

Chi tit v mc , phm vi tc ng c trnh by chi tit trong phn nh gi tc

ny khong 3.000 mg/l, nhu cu xy sinh ho (COD) khong 1.600 mg/l.

V vy, cn phi nh gi chnh xc mc tc ng ca vic o t, p t v

Tng cc nhit lng ny ta ra khng gian nh xng rt ln lm nhit trong

- Hiu qu kinh t x hi : To cng n vic lm ; nng cao trnh tay ngh, kh

(2). S c r r, trn ho cht

CHNG 4. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG

Ngun tip nhn

Hnh 2: S H thng kim sot kh thi Nh my nhit in

bnh xe mi khi vo trong khu vc d n.

Mt s bin php x l nc thi ph bin nht nhm gim thiu tc ng mi

Hnh 4 : H thng qun l cht thi rn ti nh my nhit in.

- Bi tro t h thng lc tnh in cha ch yu cc cht v c khng c hi c

Bin php an ton

Phng nga s c r r, chy

CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V QUAN TRC,

Yu cu : Phn ni dung ny phi xut c cc bin php qun l v gim st ,

5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng

- Nhu cu, thit b quan trc.

- Tn s thu mu v phn tch: 6 thng /ln;

5.3.2. D tr kinh ph cho gim st, quan trc mi trng

CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG

(4). Cc d n sau y khng phi ly kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x v i

hoc khng tip thu ca ch d n; bin bn c ch k (ghi h tn, chc danh) ca i

Yu cu : Cu trc bo co TM phi da trn hng dn ti Ph lc 4, Thng t s

ch r vic c thu hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM. Trng hp c