Bo de Thi HSG 6

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6
S I
Thi gian lm bi 120 pht
Cu 1 : (2 im) Cho biu thc
a 3 + 2a 2 1
A= 3
a + 2 a 2 + 2a + 1
a, Rt gn biu thc
b, Chng minh rng nu a l s nguyn th gi tr ca biu thc tm c ca cu
a, l mt phn s ti gin.
Cu 2: (1 im)
Tm tt c cc s t nhin c 3 ch s abc sao cho abc = n2 1 v cba = (n 2)2
Cu 3: (2 im)
a. Tm n n2 + 2006 l mt s chnh phng
b. Cho n l s nguyn t ln hn 3. Hi n2 + 2006 l s nguyn t hay l hp s.
Cu 4: (2 im)
a. Cho a, b, n N* Hy so snh
b. Cho A =
10 11 1
;
10 12 1
B=
a +n
b +n
10 10 +1
10 11 +1
a
b
. So snh A v B.
Cu 5: (2 im)
Cho 10 s t nhin bt k : a 1, a2, ....., a10. Chng minh rng th no cng c mt
s hoc tng mt s cc s lin tip nhau trong dy trn chia ht cho 10.
Cu 6: (1 im)
Cho 2006 ng thng trong bt k 2 ngthng no cng ct nhau. Khng c 3
ng thng no ng qui. Tnh s giao im ca chng.
P N S I
Cu 1:
Ta c: A =
a 3 + 2a 2 1
a 3 + 2 a 2 + 2a + 1
(a + 1)( a 2 + a 1) a 2 + a 1
=
(a + 1)( a 2 + a + 1) a 2 + a + 1
iu kin ng a -1 ( 0,25 im).

Rt gn ng cho 0,75 im.
b.Gi d l c chung ln nht ca a2 + a 1 v a2+a +1 ( 0,25 im).
V a2 + a 1 = a(a+1) 1 l s l nn d l s l
Mt khc, 2 = [ a2+a +1 (a2 + a 1) ] d
Nn d = 1 tc l a2 + a + 1 v a2 + a 1 nguyn t cng nhau. ( 0, 5 im)
Vy biu thc A l phn s ti gin. ( 0,25 im)
Cu 2:
abc
= 100a + 10 b + c = n2-1
(1)
2
cba
= 100c + 10 b + a = n 4n + 4
(2) (0,25 im)
T (1) v (2) 99(a-c) = 4 n 5 4n 5 99 (3) (0,25 im)
1

Mt khc: 100 [ n2-1 [ 999 101 [ n2 [ 1000 11 [ n[ 31 39 [ 4n 5
[ 119 (4) ( 0, 25 im)
T (3) v (4) 4n 5 = 99 n = 26
Vy: abc = 675 ( 0 , 25 im)
Cu 3: (2 im)
a) Gi s n2 + 2006 l s chnh phng khi ta t n 2 + 2006 = a2 ( a Z) a2
n2 = 2006 (a-n) (a+n) = 2006 (*) (0,25 im).
+ Thy : Nu a,n khc tnh cht chn l th v tri ca (*) l s l nn khng tha
mn (*) ( 0,25 im).
+ Nu a,n cng tnh chn hoc l th (a-n) 2 v (a+n) 2 nn v tri chia ht cho
4 v v phi khng chia ht cho 4 nn khng tha mn (*) (0,25 im).
Vy khng tn ti n n2 + 2006 l s chnh phng. (0,25 im).
b) n l s nguyn t > 3 nn khng chia ht cho 3. Vy n 2 chia ht cho 3 d 1 do
n2 + 2006 = 3m + 1 + 2006 = 3m+2007= 3( m+669) chia ht cho 3.
Vy n2 + 2006 l hp s. ( 1 im).
Bi 4: Mi cu ng cho 1 im
Ta xt 3 trng hp
a
b
=1
a
b
a
b
=1
>1
a
a+ n
a+ n
a=b
th
th
= =1.
b
b+ n
b+ n
a
TH1: b
a>b a+m > b+n.
a+ n
ab
M b + n c phn tha so vi 1 l b + n
a
a b
c phn tha so vi 1 l b , v ba+ bn
b
a
TH3: b <1 a<b a+n < b+n.
a b
a+ n
Khi b + n c phn b ti 1 l b ,
TH1:
a
b
< 1 (0,5 im).
(0 , v ,5 im).
>1
a b
b
<
a b
b
nn
a+ n
b+ n
<
b a
bb+ n
<
a
b
nn
(0,25 im).
a+ n
b+ n
> b (0,25
im).
b) Cho A =
10 11 1
;
10 12 1
r rng A< 1 nn theo a, nu
a
b
<1 th
a+ n
b+ n
>
a
b
A<
(10 11 1) +11 10 11 +10

=
(10 12 1) +11 10 12 +10
(0,5 im).
Do A<
10 11 +10
1012 +10
10 (10 10 +1)
10 10 +1
=
10 (10 11 +1)
10 11 +1
(0,5 im).
Vy A<B.
Bi 5: Lp dy s .
t B1 = a1.
B 2 = a1 + a2 .
B 3 = a1 + a2 + a3
2

...................................
B10 = a1 + a2 + ... + a10 .
Nu tn ti Bi ( i= 1,2,3...10). no chia ht cho 10 th bi ton c chng
minh.
( 0,25 im).
Nu khng tn ti Bi no chia ht cho 10 ta lm nh sau:
Ta en Bi chia cho 10 s c 10 s d ( cc s d { 1,2.3...9}). Theo nguyn
tc Di-ric- l, phi c t nht 2 s d bng nhau. Cc s Bm -Bn, chia ht cho 10

( m>n) PCM.
Cu 6: Mi ng thng ct 2005 ng thng cn li to nn 2005 giao im. M
c 2006 ng thng c : 2005x 2006 giao im. Nhng mi giao im c tnh
2 ln s giao im thc t l:
(2005x 2006):2 = 1003x 2005 = 2011015 giao im
------------------------------------------------------------------ S II
Cu1:
a. Tm cc s t nhin x, y. sao cho (2x+1)(y-5)=12
b.Tm s t nhin sao cho 4n-5 chia ht cho 2n-1
c. Tm tt c cc s B= 62xy427, bit rng s B chia ht cho 99
Cu 2.
a. chng t rng
12 n +1
30 n + 2
b. Chng minh rng :
l phn s ti gin.
1
1
1
1
<1
2 +
2 +
2 +...+
2
3
4
100 2
Cu3:
Mt bc nng dn mang cam i bn. Ln th nht bn 1/2s cam v 1/2 qu; Ln
th 2 bn 1/3 s cam cn liv 1/3 qu ; Ln th 3 bn 1/4s cam cn li v 3/4 qu.
Cui cung cn li 24 qu . Hi s cam bc nng dn mang i bn .
Cu 4:
Cho 101 ng thng trong bt c hai ng thng no cng ct nhau, khng c
ba ng thng no ng quy. Tnh s giao im ca chng.
P N S II
Cu1:
a.(1): Ta c 2x+1: y-5 L c ca 12
12= 1.12=2.6=3.4
(0,25)
do 2x+1 l => 2x+1 =1 hoc 2x+1=3 (0,25)
2x+1=1 => x=0; y-5=12 => y=17
hoc 2x+1=3=> x=1; y-5=4=>y=9 (0,25)
vy (x,y) = (0,17); (1,9)
(0,25)
b.(1)
3

Ta c 4n-5 = 2( 2n-1)-3
(0,25)
4n-5 chia ht cho2n-1 => 3 chia ht cho2n-1 (0,25)
=>* 2n-1=1 => n=1
*2n-1=3=>n=2
(0,25)
vy n=1;2
(0,25)
c. (1) Ta c 99=11.9
B chia ht cho 99 => B chia ht cho 11v B chia ht cho 99
(0,25)
*B chia ht cho 9 => ( 6+2+4+2+7+x+y) chia ht cho 9
(x+y+3) chia ht cho 9=> x+y=6 hoc x+y =15
B chia ht cho 11=> (7+4+x+6-2-2-y) chia ht cho11=> (13+x-y)chia ht cho 11
x-y=9 (loi) hoc y-x=2
(0,25)
y-x=2 v x+y=6 => y=4; x=2
(0,25)
y-x=2 v x+y=15 (loi) vy B=6224427
(0,25)
Cu2: a. Gi dl c ching ca 12n+1v 30n+2 ta c
5(12n+1)-2(30n+2)=1 chia ht cho d (0,5)
vy d=1 nn 12n+1 v 30n+2 nguyn t cng nhau
do
b. Ta
12 n +1
l phn s ti
30 n + 2
1
1
1 1
c 2 < 2.1 = 1 - 2
2
1
1
1 1
=
2 <
2.3 2 3
3
gin
(0,5)
...
1
1
1
1
=
2 <
99 .100
99 100
100
Vy
(0,5)
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1
+
+
...+
2 +
2 +...+
2 <
1 2 2 3
99 100
2
3
100
1
1
1
1
99
=
<1
2 +
2 +...+
2 <1100
100
2
3
100
(0,5)
Cu 3.S cam cn li sau ln bn th 2 l :

(24+3/4): 3/3 =33(qu)
(1)
S cam cn li sau ln bn th nht .
(33+1/3) : 2/3 =50 (qu) (1)
S cam bc nng dn mang i bn .
(50+1/2) : 1/2 =1001 ( qu) (1)
Cu 4(1)
. Mi ng thng ct 100 ng tng cn li to nn 100 giao im . c 101
ng thng nn c 101.100 giao im . nhng mi giao im c tnh hai ln nn
ch c 101.100:2= 5050 ( giao im)
4

-------------------------------------------------------- S III
Thi gian lm bi: 120

Bi 1:(1,5)
Tm x
a) 5x = 125;
b) 32x = 81 ;
c) 52x-3 2.52 = 52.3
Bi 2: (1,5)
Cho a l s nguyn. Chng minh rng: a < 5 5 < a < 5
Bi 3: (1,5)
Cho a l mt s nguyn. Chng minh rng:
a. Nu a dng th s lin sau a cng dng.
b. Nu a m th s lin trc a cng m.
c. C th kt lun g v s lin trc ca mt s dng v s lin sau ca mt s
m?
Bi 4: (2)
Cho 31 s nguyn trong tng ca 5 s bt k l mt s dng. Chng minh rng
tng ca 31 s l s dng.
Bi 5: (2)
Cho cc s t nhin t 1 n 11 c vit theo th t tu sau em cng mi s
vi s ch th t ca n ta c mt tng. Chng minh rng trong cc tng nhn c,
bao gi cng tm ra hai tng m hiu ca chng l mt s chia ht cho 10.
Bi 6: (1,5)
Cho tia Ox. Trn hai na mt phng i nhu c b l Ox. V hai tia Oy v Oz sao
cho gc xOy v xOz bng 1200. Chng minh rng:
a. xOy
= xOz
= yOz
b. Tia i ca mi tia Ox, Oy, Oz l phn gic ca gc hp bi hai tia cn li.
------------------------------------------------------ S IV
Cu 1. Tnh:
a. A = 4 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 +. . . + 2 20
b. tm x bit: ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) + . . . + ( x + 100) = 5750.
Cu 2.
a. Chng minh rng nu: (ab + cd + eg ) 11 th abc deg 11.
b. Chng minh rng: 10 28 + 8 72.
Cu 3.
Hai lp 6A;6B cng thu nht mt s giy vn bng nhau. Lp 6A c 1 bn thu c
26 Kg cn li mi bn thu c 11 Kg ; Lp 6B c 1 bn thu c 25 Kg cn li mi
5

bn thu c 10 Kg . Tnh s hc sinh mi lp bit rng s giy mi lp thu c trong
khong 200Kg n 300 Kg.
Cu 4.
Tm 3 s c tng bng 210, bit rng
6
7
s th nht bng 11 s th 2 v bng
2
3
s th 3.
Cu 5.
Bn im A,B,C,Dkhng nm trn ng thng a . Chng t rng ng thng a
hoc khng ct, hoc ct ba, hoc ct bn on thng AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD.
------------------------------------------------------------- S V

Bi 1 (3):
a) So snh: 222333 v 333222
b) Tm cc ch s x v y s 1x8 y 2 chia ht cho 36
c) Tm s t nhin a bit 1960 v 2002 chia cho a c cng s d l 28
Bi 2 (2):
Cho : S = 30 + 32 + 34 + 36 + ... + 32002
a) Tnh S
b) Chng minh S 7
Bi 3 (2):
Tm s t nhin nh nht, bit rng khi chia s ny cho 29 d 5 v chia cho 31 d 28
Bi 4 (3):
Cho gc AOB = 1350. C l mt im nm trong gc AOB bit gc BOC = 900
a) Tnh gc AOC
b) Gi OD l tia i ca tia OC. So snh hai gc AOD v BOD
----------------------------------------------- S VI.
Bi 1( 8 im
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau:
a) 571999
b) 931999
2. Cho A= 9999931999 - 5555571997. Chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5.
3 . Cho phn s
hay b hn
a
b
a
b
( a<b) cng thm m n v vo t v mu th phn s mi ln hn
4. Cho s 155 * 710 * 4 *16 c 12 ch s . chng minh rng nu thay cc du * bi cc

chc s khc nhau trong ba ch s 1,2,3 mt cch tu th s lun chia ht cho 396.
5. chng minh rng:
6

a)
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
+
+
< ;
2 4 8 16 32 64 3
b)
1 2
3
4
99 100
3
2 + 3 4 + ... + 99 100 <
3 3
16
3
3
3
3
Bi 2: (2 im )
Trn tia Ox xc nh cc im A v B sao cho OA= a(cm), OB=b (cm)
a) Tnh di on thng AB, bit b< a
b) Xc nh im M trn tia Ox sao cho OM =
1
2
(a+b).
------------------------------------------------------- S VII
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht.
A Phn s hc : (7 im )
Cu 1:( 2 im )
a, Cc phn s sau c bng nhau khng? V sao?
23
99
23232323
99999999
2323
9999
232323
999999
b, Chng t rng: 2x + 3y chia ht cho 17 9x + 5y chia ht cho 17

Cu 2:( 2 im )
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau:
1
A=(7 +
1
23
1
1009
1
7
):( 23 +
1
1009
1
7
1
23
1
1009
) + 1:(30. 1009 160)
Cu 3 :( 2 im )
a, Tm s t nhin x , bit : (
1
1.2.3
b,Tm cc s a, b, c , d N , bit :
1
2.3.4
+...+
1
8.9.10
).x =
23
45
1
30
43
a+
1
b+
1
c+
1
d
Cu 4 : ( 1 im )
Mt s t nhin chia cho 120 d 58, chia cho 135 d 88. Tm a, bit a b nht.
B Phn hnh hc ( 3 im ) :
Cu1: ( 2 im )
Gc to bi 2 tia phn gic ca 2 gc k b, bng bao nhiu? V sao?
Cu 2: ( 1 im)
Cho 20 im, trong c a im thng hng. C 2 im, ta v mt ng thng.
Tm a , bit v c tt c 170 ng thng.
----------------------------------------------------------
S VIII
Thi gian lm bi : 120

Bi 1 : (3 )
Ngi ta vit cc s t nhin lin tip bt u t 1 n 2006 lin nhau thnh mt s
t nhin L . Hi s t nhin L c bao nhiu ch s .
Bi 2 : (3)
C bao nhiu ch s gm 3 ch s trong c ch s 4 ?
Bi 3 : (4)
Cho bng gm 2007 nh sau :
17
36
19
Phn u ca bng nh trn . Hy in s vo ch trng sao cho tng 4 s 4 lin

nhau bng 100 v tnh :
a) Tng cc s trn bng .
b) Tng cc ch s trn bng .
c) S in th 1964 l s no ?
------------------------------------------------------- S IX
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht

Bi 1:(1,5) Tm x, bit:
a) 5x = 125;
b) 32x = 81 ;
c) 52x-3 2.52 = 52.3
Bi 2 :(1,5) Cho a l s nguyn. Chng minh rng:
a < 5 5 < a < 5
Bi 3: (1,5) Cho a l mt s nguyn. Chng minh rng:

a) Nu a dng th s lin sau a cng dng.
b) Nu a m th s lin trc a cng m.
c) C th kt lun g v s lin trc ca mt s dng v s lin sau ca
mt s m?
Bi 4: (2) Cho 31 s nguyn trong tng ca 5 s bt k l mt s dng.
Chng minh rng tng ca 31 s l s dng.
Bi 5: (2). Cho cc s t nhin t 1 n 11 c vit theo th t tu sau em
cng mi s vi s ch th t ca n ta c mt tng. Chng minh rng trong cc
tng nhn c, bao gi cng tm ra hai tng m hiu ca chng l mt s chia ht
cho 10.
Bi 6: (1,5) Cho tia Ox. Trn hai na mt phng i nhu c b l Ox. V hai tia
Oy v Oz sao cho gc xOy v xOz bng 1200. Chng minh rng:
= xOz
= yOz
a) xOy
8

b) Tia i ca mi tia Ox, Oy, Oz l phn gic ca gc hp bi hai tia cn
li.
--------------------------------------- S X
Cu 1:
a- Chng t rng s:
101995 +
l mt s t nhin.
8
9
b- Tm 2 s t nhin c tng bng 432 v CLN ca chng l 36.
Cu 2: Tnh nhanh:
a35.34 + 35.86 + 65.75 + 65.45 ;
b21.72 - 11.72 + 90.72 + 49.125.16 ;
Cu 3: So snh:
920 v
2713
Cu 4: Tm x bit:
a,
|2x - 1| = 5 ;
b,
( 5x - 1).3 - 2 = 70 ;
Cu 5: Chng minh tng sau chia ht cho 7.
A = 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 +...+ 259 + 260
;
Cu 6:
chun b cho k thi hc sinh gii, mt hc sinh gii 35 bi ton. Bit rng c
mi bi t loi gii c thng 20 im, mi bi t loi kh, trung bnh c thng
5 im. Cn li mi bi yu, km b tr 10 im. Lm xong 35 bi em c thng
130 im.
Hi c bao nhiu bi loi gii, bao nhiu bi loi yu, km. Bit rng c 8 bi kh
v trung bnh.
Cu 7: Cho 20 im trong khng c 3 im no thng hng, c 2 im ta s v mt
ng thng. C tt c bao nhiu ng thng.
------------------------------------------------------------------------ S XI

I. TRC NGIM:
in du x vo thch hp:( 1 im)

Cu
ng
a. S -5 1 bng 5 + 1
5
b. S 11 3 bng 80
7
7
c. S -11 5 bng 11- 5
4
4
Sai
(0.25 im)
(0.25 im)
(0.25 im)
d. Tng -3 1 + 2 2 bng -1 13
5
3
15 (0.25 im)

II. T LUN:
Cu 1:Thc hin cc php tnh sau: (4 im)

2181 .729 + 243 .81 .27
3 .9 .234 + 18 .54 .162 .9 + 723 .729
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ +
+
1.2 2.3 3.4
98 .99 99 .100
1
1
1
1
+ 2 + 2 ++
<1
2
2
3
4
100 2
5.415 9 9 4.3 20 .8 9
5.2 9.619 7.2 29 .27 6
Cu 2: (2 im) Mt qung ng AB trong 4 gi. Gi u i c

AB. Gi th 2 i km gi u l
1
12
1
3
qung ng
qung ng AB, gi th 3 I km gi th 2
1
12
qung ng AB. Hi gi th t i my qung ng AB?

Cu 3: (2 im)
a. V tam gic ABC bit BC = 5 cm; AB = 3cm ;AC = 4cm.
b. Ly im 0 trong tam gic ABC ni trn.V tia A0 ct BC ti H, tia B0 ct
AC ti I,tia C0 ct AB ti K. Trong hnh c c bao nhiu tam gic.
Cu 4: (1 im)
a. Tm hai ch s tn cng ca cc s sau:
2100; 71991
b.Tm bn ch s tn cng ca s sau:
51992
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S XII
Bi 1( 8 im )
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau:
a) 571999
b) 931999
2. Cho A= 9999931999 - 5555571997. Chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5.
3 . Cho phn s
hay b hn
a
b
a
b
( a<b) cng thm m n v vo t v mu th phn s mi ln hn
4. Cho s 155 * 710 * 4 * 16 c 12 ch s . chng minh rng nu thay cc du * bi cc

chc s khc nhau trong ba ch s 1,2,3 mt cch tu th s lun chia ht cho 396.
5. Chng minh rng:
a)
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
+
+
<
2 4 8 16 32 64 3
b)
1 2
3
4
99 100
3
2 + 3 4 + ... + 99 100 <
3 3
16
3
3
3
3
Bi 2( 2 im )
Trn tia Ox xc nh cc im A v B sao cho OA= a(cm), OB=b (cm)
a) Tnh di on thng AB, bit b< a
10

b) Xc nh im M trn tia Ox sao cho OM =
1
2
(a+b).
----------------------------------------------------------- S XIII
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (khng k thi gian chp )

Bi 1( 3 im)
a, Cho A = 9999931999
b, Chng t rng:
1
41
- 5555571997. Chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5

+
1
42
1
43
+ +
1
79
1
80
>
7
12
Bi 2 ( 2,5 im)
Tng s trang ca 8 quyn v loi 1 ; 9 quyn v loi 2 v 5 quyn v loi 3 l 1980
trang. S trang ca mt quyn v loi 2 ch bng
2
3
s trang ca 1 quyn v loi 1. S
trang ca 4 quyn v loi 3 bng s trang ca 3 quyn v loi 2. Tnh s trang ca mi

quyn v mi loi.
Bi 3: (2 im).
Tm s t nhin n v ch s a bit rng:
1+ 2+ 3+ .+ n = aaa
Bi4 ; (2,5 im)
a, Cho 6 tia chung gc. C bao nhiu gc trong hnh v ? V sao.
b, Vy vi n tia chung gc. C bao nhiu gc trong hnh v.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- S XIV
Thi gian lm bi 120 pht (khng k thi gianchp )
Bi 1(3 im).
a.Tnh nhanh:
1.5.6 + 2.10.12 + 4.20.24 + 9.45.54

1.3.5 + 2.6.10 + 4.12.20 + 9.27.45
b.Chng minh : Vi k N* ta lun c :
A=
k ( k + 1) ( k + 2 ) ( k 1) k ( k + 1) = 3.k ( k + 1) .
p dng tnh tng :

S = 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ... + n. ( n + 1) .
Bi 2: (3 im).
a.Chng minh rng : nu ( ab + cd + eg ) M11 th : abc deg M11 .
b.Cho A = 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 260. Chng minh : A M3 ; 7 ; 15.
Bi 3(2 im). Chng minh :
1 1 1
1
+ 3 + 4 + ... + n < 1.
2
2 2 2
2
Bi 4(2 im).
11

a.Cho on thng AB = 8cm. im C thuc ng thng AB sao cho BC =
4cm. Tnh di on thng AC.
b.Cho 101 ng thng trong bt c hai ng thng no cng ct nhau
v khng c ba ng thng no cng i qua mt im. Tnh s giao im ca chng.
------------------------------------------------------------ S XV
Thi gian lm bi 120 pht (khng k thi gianchp )
Cu 1: Cho S = 5 + 52 + 53 + + 52006
a, Tnh S
b, Chng minh S M126
Cu 2. Tm s t nhin nh nht sao cho s chia cho 3 d 1; chia cho 4 d 2 ; chia
cho 5 d 3; chia cho 6 d 4 v chia ht cho 11.
Cu 3. Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca n phn s A =
3n + 2
c gi tr l s nguyn.
n 1
Cu 4. Cho 3 s 18, 24, 72.

a, Tm tp hp tt c cc c chung ca 3 s .
b, Tm BCNN ca 3 s
Cu 5. Trn tia cho 4 im A, B, C, D. bit rng A nm gia B v C; B nm gia C v
D ; OA = 5cm; OD = 2 cm ; BC = 4 cm v di AC gp i di BD. Tm di cc
on BD; AC.
------------------------------------------------------------ S XVI
Cu 1: (2 im)
Cho 2 to hp
A = {n N / n (n + 1) 12}.
B = {x Z / x < 3}.
a. Tm giao ca 2 tp hp.
b. c bao nhiu tch ab (vi a A; b B) c to thnh, cho bit nhng tch
l c ca 6.
Cu 2: ( 3 im).
a. Cho C = 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 3100 chng t C chia ht cho 40.
b. Cho cc s 0; 1; 3; 5; 7; 9. Hi c th thit lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s
chia ht cho 5 t su ch s cho.
Cu 3: (3 im).
Tnh tui ca anh v em bit rng 5/8 tui anh hn 3/4 tui em l 2 nm v 1/2 tui
anh hn 3/8 tui em l 7 nm.
Cu 4: (2 im).
a. Cho gc xoy c s o 1000. V tia oz sao cho gc zoy = 350. Tnh gc xoz
trong tng trng hp.
b. Din t trung im M ca on thng AB bng cc cch khc nhau.
12

--------------------------------------------------------------- S XVII
A/. BI
Cu 1: (2,5 im)
C bao nhiu s c 3 ch s trong c ng mt ch s 5?
Cu 2:
Tm 20 ch s tn cng ca 100! .
Cu 3:
Ngi ta th mt s Bo vo ao th sau 6 ngy bo ph kn y mt ao. Bit rng
c sau mt ngy th din tch bo tng ln gp i. Hi :
a/. Sau my ngy bo ph c na ao?
b/. Sau ngy th nht bo ph c my phn ao?
Cu 4:
Tm hai s a v b ( a < b ), bit:
CLN( a , b ) = 10 v BCNN( a , b ) = 900.
Cu 5:
Ngi ta trng 12 cy thnh 6 hng, mi hng c 4 cy. Hy v s v tr ca 12
cy .
-------------------------------------------------------------- S XVIII
Cu 1: (2) Vi q, p l s nguyn t ln hn 5 chng minh rng:
P4 q4 240
Cu 2: (2) Tm s t nhin n phn b
A=
8n +193
4n + 3
a. C gi tr l s t nhin
b. L phn s ti gin
c. Vi gi tr no ca n trong khong t 150 n 170 th phn s A rt gn c.
Cu 3: (2) Tm cc nguyn t x, y tha mn : (x-2)2 .(y-3)2 = - 4
Cu 4: (3) Cho tam gic ABC v BC = 5cm. im M thuc tia i ca tia CB sao cho
CM = 3 cm.
a. Tnh di BM
b. Cho bit gc BAM = 800 , gc BAC = 600 . Tnh gc CAM.
c. V cc tia Ax, Ay ln lt l tia phn gic ca gc BAC v CAM . Tnh gc xAy.
d. Ly K thuc on thng BM v CK = 1 cm. Tnh di BK.
Cu 5: (1)
Tnh tng: B =
2
2
2
2
+
+
+.... +
1.4 4.7 7.10
97 .100
---------------------------------------------------------------13

S XIX
Cu 1(1): Hy xc nh tp hp sau bng cch ch ra tnh cht c trng ca cc phn
t ca n.
1. M: Tp hp cc s t nhin chia ht cho 5 v b hn 30.
2. P: Tp hp cc s 1; 4; 9; 16; 25; 36; 49; 64; 81.
Cu 2(1): Chng minh rng cc phn s sau y bng nhau.
41 4141 414141
;
;
88 8888 888888
27425 27 27425425 27425
2.
;
99900
99900000
1.
Cu 3(1,5): Tnh cc tng sau mt cch hp l.

a)
1+ 6+ 11+ 16+ ...+ 46+ 51
b)
52
52
52
52
52
52
+
+
+
+
+
1.6 6.11 11.16 16.21 21.26 26.31
Cu 4(1,5): Tng kt t thi ua k nim ngy nh gio Vit Nam 20/11, lp 6A c 43 bn

c t 1 im 10 tr ln; 39 bn c t 2 im 10 tr ln; 14 bn c t 3 im 10 tr ln;
5 bn c 4 im 10, khng c ai trn 4 im 10. Tnh xem trong t thi ua lp 6A c
bao nhiu im 10.
Cu 5(1,5): Bn Nam hi tui ca b. B bn Nam tr li: Nu b sng n 100 tui th 6/7
ca 7/10 s tui ca b s ln hn 2/5 ca 7/8 thi gian b phi sng l 3 nm. Hi b ca
bn Nam bao nhiu tui.
Cu 6(2): Cho tam gic ABC c BC = 5cm. im M thuc tia i ca tia CB sao cho CM =
3cm.
a) Tnh di BM
b) Cho bit gc BAM = 800, gc BAC = 600. Tnh gc CAM
c) Tnh di BK nu K thuc on thng BM v CK = 1cm.
Cu 7(1,5): Cho tam gic MON c gc M0N = 1250; 0M = 4cm, 0N = 3cm
a)
Trn tia i ca tia 0N xc nh im B sao cho 0B = 2cm. Tnh NB.
b)
Trn na mt phng c cha tia 0M, c b l ng thng 0N, v tia 0A sao cho gc
M0A = 800. Tnh gc A0N.
---------------------------------------------------------------- S XX
Cu 1: (2)
Thay (*) bng cc s thch hp :
a) 510* ; 61*16 chia ht cho 3.
b) 261* chia ht cho 2 v chia 3 d 1
Cu 2: (1,5)
Tnh tng S = 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ... + 99.100
14

Cu 3: (3,5 )
Trn con ng i qua 3 a im A; B; C (B nm gia A v C) c hai ngi i
xe my Hng v Dng. Hng xut pht t A, Dng xut pht t B. H cng khi hnh
lc 8 gi cng n C vo lc 11 gi cng ngy. Ninh i xe p t C v pha A, gp
Dng luc 9 gi v gp Hng lc 9 gi 24 pht. Bit qung ng AB di 30 km, vn tc
ca ninh bng 1/4 vn tc ca Hng. Tnh qung ng BC
Cu 4: (2)
Trn on thng AB ly 2006 im khc nhau t tn theo th t t A n B l
A1; A2; A3; ...; A2004. T im M khng nm trn on thng AB ta ni M vi cc im
A; A1; A2; A3; ...; A2004 ; B. Tnh s tam gic to thnh
Cu 5: (1)
Tch ca hai phn s l
56
15
8
15
. Thm 4 n v vo phn s th nht th tch mi l
. Tm hai phn s .
------------------------------------------------------------------ S XXI
Cu 1: (1.5)
Chng minh cc phn s sau y bng nhau:
25
53
2525
5353
252525
535353
Cu 2: (1,5)
Khng quy ng mu hyo snh hai phn s sau:
37
67
377
677
Cu 3: (2) Tm s t nhin x, bit:

( x 5)
30
20 x
=
+5
100
100
Cu 4: (3)
Tui trung bnh ca mt i vn ngh l 11 tui. Ngi ch huy l 17 tui. Tui
trung bnh ca i ang tp (tr ngi ch huy) l 10 tui. Hi i c my ngi.
Cu 5: (2)
Cho gc xOy v gc yOz l hai gc k b nhau. Gc yOz bng 300 .
a.V tia phn gic Om ca gc xOy v tia phn gic On ca gc yOz.
b.Tnh s o ca gc mOn.
--------------------------------------------------------------------- S XXII
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht.

Cu I : 3
Thc hin php tnh bng cch hp l :
15

1) A =
636363 .37 373737 .63

1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 2006
12 12 12
4
4
4
12 +
4+
+ +
6
19 37 53 :
17 19 2006
2) B= 1 .
1
3
3
5
5
5
41
5+
+ +
3+
3 37 53
17 19 2006
124242423
.
237373735
Cu II : 2
Tm cc cp s (a,b) sao cho : 4a5b 45
Cu III : 2
Cho A = 31 +32+33 + .....+ 32006
a, Thu gn A
b, Tm x 2A+3 = 3x
Cu IV : 1
So snh: A =
Cu V: 2
2005 2005 + 1
2005 2006 + 1
v B =
2005 2004 + 1
2005 2005 + 1
Mt hc sinh c quyn sch trong 3 ngy. Ngy th nht c c

ngy th 2 c c
3
5
2
5
s trang sch;
s trang sch cn li; ngy th 3 c c 80% s trang sch
cn li v 3 trang cui cng. Hi cun sch c bao nhiu trang?

----------------------------------- s xxiii
Thi gian lm bi:
120 pht
Bi 1 (1,5): Dng 3 ch s 3; 0; 8 ghp thnh nhng s c 3 ch s:

a. Chia ht cho 2
b. Chia ht cho 5
c. Khng chia ht cho c 2 v 5
Bi 2 (2):
a. Tm kt qu ca php nhn
A = 33 ... 3 x 99...9
50 ch s
50 ch s
b. Cho B = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100

Tm s t nhin n, bit rng 2B + 3 = 3n
Bi 3 (1,5 ): Tnh
a.
b.
101+ 100 + 99 + 98 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1

101 100 + 99 98 + ... + 3 2 + 1
3737.43 4343.37
D=
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100
C=
Bi 4 (1,5): Tm hai ch s tn cng ca 2100.

16

Bi 5 (1,5): Cho ba con ng a1, a2, a3 i t A n B, hai con ng b1, b2 i t B n
C v ba con ng c1, c2, c3, i t C n D (hnh v).
a1
a2
a3
b1
b2
c1
c2
c3
Vit tp hp M cc con ng i t A dn D ln lt qua B v C

Bi 6 (2): Cho 100 im trong khng c ba im no thng hng. C qua 2 im ta
v mt ng thng. c tt c bao nhiu ng thng.
------------------------------------------------------- S XXIV
Bi 1(2)
a. Tnh tng S =
b. So snh: A =
27 + 4500 + 135 + 550 .2

2 + 4 + 6 + .... 14 + 16 + 18
2006 2006 + 1
2006 2005 + 1
v
B
=
2007 2007 + 1
2006 2006 + 1
Bi 2 (2)
a. Chng minh rng: C = 2 + 22 + 2 + 3 + + 299 + 2100 chia ht cho 31
b. Tnh tng C. Tm x 22x -1 - 2 = C
Bi 3 (2)
Mt s chia ht cho 4 d 3, chia cho 17 d 9, chia cho 19 d 13. Hi s chia
cho1292 d bao nhiu
Bi 4 (2)
Trong t thi ua, lp 6A c 42 bn c t 1 im 10 tr ln, 39 bn c 2 im
10 tr ln, 14 bn c t 3 im 10 tr ln, 5 bn c 4 im 10, khng c ai c
trn 4 im 10. Tnh xem trong t thi ua lp 6A c bao nhiu im 10
Cu 5 (2)
Cho 25 im trong khng c 3 im thng hng. C qua 2 im ta v mt ng
thng. Hi c tt c bao nhiu ng thng?
Nu thay 25 im bng n im th s ng thng l bao nhiu.
---------------------------------------------------------- S XXV
1. Tnh cc gi tr ca biu thc.
a. A = 1+2+3+4+.........+100
17

1 3 3
4
4
4
) 4+
+
+
1
3 7 53 :
17 19 2003 .
-1 5 .
1 3
3
5
5
5
3+
5+
+
+
3 37 53
17 19 2003
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+ ... +
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5
99 .100
4(3 +
b. B =
c. C =
2. So snh cc biu thc :

a. 3200 v 2300
b. A =
121212
2
404
+
171717
17 1717
vi B =
10
17
3. Cho 1s c 4 ch s: *26*. in cc ch s thch hp vo du (*) c s c 4

ch s khc nhau chia ht cho tt c 4s : 2; 3 ; 5 ; 9.
4. Tm s t nhin n sao cho : 1! +2! +3! +...+n!. l s chnh phng?
5. Hai xe t khi hnh t hai a im A,B i ngc chiu nhau. Xe th nht khi hnh
t A lc 7 gi. Xe th hai khi hnh t B lc 7 gi 10 pht. Bit rng i c qung
ng AB . Xe th nht cn 2 gi , xe th hai cn 3 gi. Hi sau khi i 2 xe gp nhau
lc my gi?
=750 .
6. Cho gc xOy c s o bng 1200 . im A nm trong gc xOy sao cho: AOy
im B nm ngoi gc xOy m : BOx

=1350 . Hi 3 im A,O,B c thng hng khng?
V sao?
---------------------------------------------------------- S XXVI
1 1 1
1
+ 3 + ... + 100
2
3 3 3
3
Cu 1: Tnh tng A = +
Cu 2: Tm s t nhin a, b, c, d nh nht sao cho:

a 5 b 12 c 6
= ; = ; =
b 3 c 21 d 11
Cu 3: Cho 2 dy s t nhin 1, 2, 3, ..., 50

a-Tm hai s thuc dy trn sao cho CLN ca chng t gi tr ln nht.
b-Tm hai s thuc dy trn sao cho BCNN ca chng t gi tr ln nht.
Cu 4: Cho bn tia OA, OB, OC, OD, to thnh cc gc AOB, BOC, COD, DOA
khng c im chung. Tnh s o ca mi gc y bit rng: BOC

; COD
= 3 AOB
= 5 AOB
; DOA
= 6 AOB
----------------------------------------------------------
S XXVII
Cu 1: (3).
a. Kt qu iu tra mt lp hc cho thy: C 20 hc sinh thch bng , 17 hc
sinh thch bi, 36 hc sinh thch bng chuyn, 14 hc sinh thch bng v bi, 13 hc
18

sinh thch bi v bng chuyn, 15 hc sinh thch bng v bng chuyn, 10 hc sinh
thch c ba mn, 12 hc sinh khng thch mn no. Tnh xem lp hc c bao nhiu
hc sinh?
b. Cho s: A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 .58 59 60.
- S A c bao nhiu ch s?
- Hy xa i 100 ch s trong s A sao cho s cn li l:
+ Nh nht
+ Ln nht
Cu 2: (2).
a. Cho A = 5 + 52 + + 596. Tm ch s tn cng ca A.
b.Tm s t nhin n : 6n + 3 chia ht cho 3n + 6
Cu 3: (3).
a. Tm mt s t nhin nh nht bit rng khi chia s cho 3 d 2, cho 4 d 3,
cho 5 d 4 v cho 10 d 9.
b. Chng minh rng: 11n + 2 + 122n + 1 Chia ht cho 133.
Cu 4: (2). Cho n im trong khng c 3 im no thng hng . C qua hai im ta
v 1 ng thng. Bit rng c tt c 105 ng thng. Tnh n?
---------------------------------------------------------- S XXVIII
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Bi 1:(2,25 im) Tm x bit

a)
b)
c)
1 7
5 25
4 5
x- =
9 11
x+ =
(x-32).45=0
Bi 2:(2,25 im) Tnh tng sau bng cch hp l nht:

a) A = 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + ..+ 20.
b) B = 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + ..+ 25.
c) C = 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + ..+ 26.
Bi 3:(2,25 im) Tnh:
a)
b)
c)
5
5
5
5
+
+
+ ... +
11.16 16.21 21.26
61.66
1 1 1
1
1
1
B= + + + + +
2 6 12 20 30 42
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
+ ... +
C=
1.2 2.3
1989.1990
2006.2007
A=
Bi 4:(1 im)
19

102001 + 1
Cho: A= 2002 ;
10 + 1
Hy so snh A v B.
102002 + 1
B = 2003
.
10 + 1
Bi 5:(2,25 im)
Cho on thng AB di 7cm. Trn tia AB ly im I sao cho AI = 4 cm. Trn tia
BA ly im K sao cho BK = 2 cm.
a) Hy chng t rng I nm gia A v K.
b) Tnh IK.
------------------------------------------------------------ S XXIX
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Bi 1: ( 3 im)
a. Chng t rng tng sau khngm chia ht cho 10:
A = 405n + 2405 + m2 ( m,n N; n # 0 )
b. Tm s t nhin n cc biu thc sau l s t nhin:
B=
2n + 2 5n + 17
3n
+
n+2
n=2
n +2
c. Tm cc ch s x ,y sao cho: C =
Bi 2 (2 im )
x1995
chia ht cho 55
10
10
10
10
+
+
+ .... +
56 140 260
1400
3
3
3
3
3
+
+
+
+
. Chng minh
10 11 12 13 14
a. Tnh tng: M =
b. Cho S =
rng : 1< S < 2
Bi 3 ( 2 im)
Hai ngi i mua go. Ngi th nht mua go np , ngi th hai mua go t. Gi
go t r hn gi go np l 20%. Bit khi lng go t ngi th hai mua nhiu hn
khi lng go np l 20%. Hi ngi no tr tin t hn? t hn mya % so vi ngi
kia?
Bi 4 ( 3 im)
Cho 2 im M v N nm cng pha i vi A, nm cng pha i vi B. im M
nm gia A v B.
Bit AB = 5cm; AM = 3cm; BN = 1cm. Chng t rng:
a. Bn im A,B,M,N thng hng
b. im N l trung im ca on thng MB
c. V ng trn tm N i qua B v ng trng tm A i qua N, chng ct nhau
ti C, tnh chu vi ca CAN .
-----------------------------------------------------------
20
P N S III
Bi 1 (1,5)
a).5x = 125 5x = 53 => x= 3
b) 32x = 81 => 32x = 34 => 2x = 4 => x = 2
c). 52x-3 2.52 = 52.3
52x: 53 = 52.3 + 2.52
52x: 53 = 52.5
52x = 52.5.53
52x = 56 => 2x = 6 => x=3
Bi 2. V a l mt s t nhin vi mi a Z nn t a < 5 ta
=> a = {0,1,2,3,4}.
Ngha l a ={0,1,-1,2,-2,3,-3,4,-4}. Biu din trn trc s ccc s ny u ln hn -5 v
nh hn 5 do -5<a<5.
Bi 3.
a) Nu a dng th s lin sau cng dng.
Ta c: Nu a dng th a>0 s lin sau a ln hn a nn cng ln hn 0 nn l s
dng
b)Nu a m th s lin trc a cng m.
Ta c: Nu a m th a<0 s lin trc a nh hn a nn cng nh hn 0 nn l s m.
Bi 4 (2). Trong cc s cho t nht c 1 s dng v nu tri li tt c u l s
m th tng ca 5 s bt k trong chng s l s m tri vi gi thit.
Tch ring s dng cn 30 s chi lm 6 nhm. Theo bi tng cc s ca mi
nhm u l s dng nn tng ca 6 nhm u l s dng v do tng ca 31 s
cho u l s dng.
Bi 5 (2): V c 11 tng m ch c th c 10 ch s tn cng u l cc s t 0 , 1 ,
2, ., 9 nn lun tm c hai tng c ch s tn cng ging nhau nn hiu ca
chng l mt s nguyn c tn cng l 0 v l s chia ht cho 10.
Bi 6 (1,5).Ta c: x 'Oy = 600 , x 'Oz = 600 v tia Ox nm gia hai tia Oy, Oz nn
yOz = yOx ' + x 'Oz = 1200 vy xOy

= yOz = zOx
Do tia Ox nm gia hai tia Oy, Oz v x 'Oy = x 'Oz nn Ox l tia phn gic ca gc
hp bi hai tia Oy, Oz.
21

Tng t tia Oy (tia i ca Oy) v tia Oz (tia i ca tia Oz) l phn gic ca gc
xOz v xOy.
P N S IV
Cu 1. a). 2A = 8 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 21.
=> 2A A = 2 21 +8 ( 4 + 2 2 ) + (2 3 2 3) +. . . + (2 20 2 20). = 2 21.
b).
=>
(x + 1) + ( x + 2 ) + . . . . . . . . + (x + 100) = 5750
x + 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 + . . . . . . .. . .. . . . + x + 100
= 5750
=> ( 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 100) + ( x + x + x . . . . . . . + x ) = 5750

101 x 50
Cu 2. a)
abc deg
=10000
ab +100
100 x
100 x + 5050
100 x
100 x
x
cd +eg = 9999 ab
= 5750
= 5750
= 5750 5050
= 700
= 7
+99 cd + (ab + cd
+ eg
11.
b). 10 28 + 8 9.8 ta c 10 28 + 8 8 (v c s tn cng l 008)
nn 10 28 + 8 9.8 vy 10 28 + 8 72
Cu 3. Gi s giy mi lp thu c l x (Kg) th ( x-26) 11 v ( x-25) 10.
Do (x-15) BC(10;11) v 200 x 300 => x-15 = 220 => x = 235.
S hc sinh lp 6A l: (235 26) : 11 + 1 = 20. hs
S hc sinh lp 6B l: (235 25) : 10 + 1 = 22 hs.
9
6
21
:
=
(s th hai)
11
7
22
9
2
27
S th ba bng: 11 : 3 = 22 (s th hai)
22 + 21 + 27
70
Tng ca 3 s bng
(s
th
hai)
=
(s th hai)
22
22
70
21
27
th hai l : 210 : 22 = 66 ; s th nht l: 22 . 66 = 63 ; s th 3 l: 22
Cu 4. S th nht bng:
.66 = 81
Cu5: ng thng a chia mt phng ra hai na mt phng

Xt 3 trng hp
a). Nu c 4 im A, B, CD thuc cng mt na mt phng th a khng ct on
thng no.
b). Nu c 1 im ( Chng hn im A thuc na mt phng) ba im B, C, D
thuc na mt phng i th ng thng a ct ba on thng AB, AC, AD
22

c). Nu c 2 im chng hn (A v B) thuc mt na mt phng hai im kia (C
v D) thuc mi mt phng i th a ct bn on thng AC, AD, BC, BD
HNG DN S V
Bi 1 (3):
a) Ta c 222333 = (2.111)3.111 = 8111.(111111)2.111111 (0,5)
333222 = (3.111)2.111 = 9111.(111111)2 (0,5)
Suy ra: 222333 > 333222
b) s 1x8 y 2 36 ( 0 x, y 9 , x, y N )
(1 + x + 8 + y + 2)9
y24
(0,5)
y 2 4 y ={1;3;5;7;9}
(x+y+2) 9 => x+y = 7 hoc x+y = 16 => x = {6;4;2;0;9;7} (0,25)

Vy ta c cc s: 16812; 14832; 12852; 10872; 19872; 17892 (0,25)
c) Ta c a > 28 => ( 2002 - 1960 ) a => 42 a (0,5)
=> a = 42
(0,5)
Bi 2 (2):
a) Ta c 32S = 32 + 34 + ... + 32002 + 32004 (0,5)
Suy ra: 8S = 32004 - 1 => S =
3 2004 1
8
(0,5)
b) S = (30 + 32 + 34 ) + 36(30 + 32 + 34 ) + ... + 31998(30 + 32 + 34 ) =

= (30 + 32 + 34 )( 1 + 36 + ... + 31998 )
= 91( 1 + 36 + ... + 31998 ) (0,75) suy ra: S 7 (0,25)
Bi 3 (2): Gi s cn tm l: a
Ta c a = 29q + 5 = 31p +28 (0,5) <=> 29(q - p) = 2p + 23
V 2p + 23 l nn( q - p) l => q - p 1. (0,75)
V a nh nht hay q - p = 1 => p = 3; => a = 121 (0,5)
Vy s cn tm l 121 (0,25)
Bi 4 (3):
a) theo gi thit C nm trong gc
nn
tia OC nm gia hai tia OB v OA
=> gc AOC + gc BOC = gc AOB
=> gc AOC = gc AOB - gc BOC
=> gc AOC = 1350 - 900 = 450
AOB
23

b) v OD l tia i ca tia OC nn C, O, D thng hng. Do gc DOA + gc
AOC = 1800 (hai gc k b)
=> gc AOD = 1800 - gc AOC = 1800 - 450 => gc AOD = 1350
gc BOD = 1800 - 900 = 900
Vy gc AOD > gc BOD
P N S VI
Bi 1:
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau: ( 1 im )
tm ch s tn cng ca cc s ch cn xt ch s tn cng ca tng s :
a) 571999 ta xt 71999
Ta c: 71999 = (74)499.73 = 2041499. 343 Suy ra ch s tn cng bng 3 ( 0,25 im )
Vy s 571999 c ch s tn cng l : 3
b) 931999 ta xt 31999
Ta c: 31999 = (34)499. 33 = 81499.27
Suy ra ch s tn cng bng 7
(0,25 im )
1999
1997
2. Cho A = 999993 - 555557 . chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5
chng minh A chia ht cho 5 , ta xt ch s tn cng ca A bng vic xt ch s tn
cng ca tng s hng.
Theo cu 1b ta c: 9999931999 c ch s tn cng l 7
Tng t cu 1a ta c: (74)499.7 =2041499.7 c ch s tn cng l 7 ( 0,25 im )
Vy A c ch s tn cng l 0, do A chia ht cho 5.
( 0,25 im )
3 (1 im )Theo bi ton cho a <b nn am < bm ( nhn c hai v vi m) ( 0,25 im )
ab +am < ab+bm ( cng hai v vi ab)
( 0,25 im )
a(b+m) < b( a+m)
a a +m
<
b b +m
4.(1 im )
Ta nhn thy , v tr ca cc ch s thay th ba du sao trong s trn u hng chn v
v ba ch s i mt khc nhau, ly t tp hp {1;2;3} nn tng ca chng lun
bng 1+2+3=6.
Mt khc 396 = 4.9.11 trong 4;9;11 i mt nguyn t cng nhau nn ta cn chng
minh
A = 155 * 710 * 4 *16 chia ht cho 4 ; 9 v 11.
Tht vy :
+A 4 v s to bi hai ch s tn cng ca A l 16 chia ht cho 4
( 0,25 im )
+ A 9 v tng cc ch s chia ht cho 9 :

1+5+5+7+1+4+1+6+(*+*+*)=30+6=36 chia ht cho 9
( 0,25 im )
+A
11 v hiu s gia tng cc ch s hng chn v tng cc ch s hng l l 0,
chia ht cho 11.
{1+5+7+4+1)-(5+1+6+(*+*+*)}= 18-12-6=0
( 0,25 im )
24

Vy A 396
5(4 im )
1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
+ +
= 2 + 3 4 + 5 6
2 4 8 16 32 64 2 2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
2A= 1 + 2 3 + 4 5
2 2
2
2
2
6
1
2 1
2A+A =3A = 1- 6 = 6 <1
2
2
a) (2 im ) t A=
(0,25 im )
(0,5 im )
(0,75
im )
3A < 1 A <
1
3
(0,5 im )
1 2
3
4
99 100
2 + 3 4 + ... + 99 100 3A=
3 3
3
3
3
3
2 3
3
4
99 100
1- 2 + 3 3 + ... + 98 99
3 3
3
3
3
3
b) t
A=
(0,5 im )
1 1
1
1
1 100
1 1
1
1
1
4A = 1- + 2 3 + ... + 98 99 100 4A< 1- + 2 3 + ... + 98 99
3 3
3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(1)
(0,5
im )
1
3
t B= 1- +
1
1
1
1
3 + ... + 98 99
2
3
3
3
3
3B= 2+
1 1
1
1
2 + ... + 97 98
3 3
3
3
(0,5
im )
4B = B+3B= 3-
1
3
(2)
99 < 3 B <
4
3
T (1)v (2) 4A < B <
3
A
4
<
3
16
(0,5 im )
Bi 2 ( 2 im )
a) (1 im )V OB <OA ( do b<a) nn trn tia Ox th im B nm gia im O v im
A. Do : OB +OA= OA
T suy ra: AB=a-b.
O
b)(1 im )V M nm trn tia Ox v OM =

= OB +
OA OB
1
= OB + AB
2
2
1
a + b 2b + a b
a b
( a + b) =
=
=b+
=
2
2
2
2
M chnh l im thuc on thng AB sao cho AM = BM
P N S VII
A. PHN S HC
25

23 23 .101 2323
=
=
99 99 .101 9999
23232323
=
99999999
232323
23232323
=
=
999999
99999999
23 23 .10101
232323
=
=
99 99 .10101
999999
Cu 1: a, Ta thy;
23 23 .1010101
=
99 99 .1010101
23 2323
Vy; 99 = 9999
b, Ta phi chng minh , 2. x + 3 . y chia ht cho 17, th 9 . x + 5 . y chia ht cho 17

Ta c 4 (2x + 3y ) + ( 9x + 5y ) = 17x + 17y chia ht cho 17
Do vy ; 2x + 3y chia ht cho 17
4 ( 2x +3y )
chia ht cho 17
9x + 5y chia ht cho 17
Ngc li ; Ta c 4 ( 2x + 3y ) chia ht cho 17 m ( 4 ; 17 ) = 1
2x + 3y chia ht cho 17
Cu 2 ; Ta vit li A nh sau :
1
1
1
+
). 23 .7.1009
1
23 7 1009
A= 1 1
+
(
23
+
7
).
1009
161 +1
1
1 1 1
(
+
+
. .
). 23 .7.1009
23 7 1009
23 7 1009
7.1009 + 23 .1009 23 .7
1
= 7.1009 + 23 .1009 23 .7 +1 + 23 .1009 + 7.1009 23 .7 +1 = 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
23
Cu 3; a, 2 ( 1.2 2.3 + 2.3 3.4 +... + 9.10 ) . x = 45
1 1
1
23
.( +
) .x=
x=2
2 2 90
45
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
43
13
1
1
1+
1+
1+
30
4
1
b, 43 = 30
30
2+
2+
1
13
3+
4
(
=> a =1 ; b = 2 ; c = 3
Cu 4;
Ta c
d=4
a = 1 2 .0q1 + 5 8
a = 1 3 .5q2 + 8 8
(q1, q2 N )
T ( 2 ) , ta c 9 . a = 1080 . q2 + 704 + a
(3)
Kt hp ( 1 ) vi ( 2 ) , ta c a = 1080 . q 180
V a nh nht, cho nn, q phi nh nht
=> q = 1
=> a = 898
B- PHN HNH HC
Cu 1; Gi Ot , Ot, l 2tia phn gic ca 2
t,
k b gc xOy v yOz
Gi s , xOy = a ; => yOz = 180 a
Khi ; tOy =
1
2
9 a = 1 0 8q01 + 5 2 2
8 a = 1 0 8. q02 + 7 0 4
t,Oy =
1
2
( 180 a)
x
26

=> tOt, =
1
1
a + (180 a )
2
2
= 900
Cu 2; Gi s trong 20 im, khng c 3 im no thng hng. Khi , s ng thng

v c l; 19 . 20:2 = 190
Trong a im, gi s khng c 3 im no thng hng.S ng thng v c l ; (a
1 ) a : 2 . Thc t, trong a im ny ta chi v c 1 ng thng. Vy ta c ; 190
( a- 1)a : 2 + 1 = 170
=> a = 7
P N S VIII
Bi 1 : C 9 s c 1 ch s t 1 n 9 ( 0.25)
C 90 s c 2 ch s t 10 n 99 (0.5)
C 900 s c 3 ch s t 100 n 999 (0.5)
Cc s c 4 ch s l t 1000 n 2006 c :
2006 - 1000 + 1 = 1007 s (0.5)
S ch s ca s t nhin L l :
9 + 90.2 + 900.3 + 1007.4 = 6917 (ch s ) (1.25)
Bi 2 : C 900 s c 3 ch s t 100 n 999 (0.25)
Ta chia 900 s thnh 9 lp , mi lp c 100 s (0.25) c cng ch s hng trm .
Lp th nht gm 100 s t 100 n 199
Lp th hai gm 100 s t 200 n 299
Lp th 9 gm 100 s t 900 n 999

(05)
Xt 9 lp th lp th 4 c 100 s u c ch s 4 hng trm .
8 lp cn li hng trm khc 4 nn ch s 4 nu c th hng chc v hng n v
(0.25) .
Xt lp th nht th cc s c ch s 4 lm hng n v gm : 104, 114194 (c 10
s ) (05)
cc s c 4 ch s lm hng chc l
140,141,142,..149 (c 10 s) (0.5)
Nhng s 144 c mt trong c 2 trng hp vy lp th nht s lng s c ch s 4 l
:
10 + 10 - 1 = 19 (s)
(0.25)
By lp cn li cng theo quy lut y . Vy s lng s c 3 ch s c ch s 4 l :
100 + 19.8 = 252 s
(0.5)
Bi 3 : Ta dng cc s 1; 2; 3 . nh s cho cc phn u bng (0.25) .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
27

28
17
19
36
28
17
19
36
28
17
V cc s 4; 5; 6; 7 v 3; 4; 5; 6 nn s s 3 v s 7 bng nhau s 3 l 19
(0.5)
100 - (17 + 19 + 36) = 28
Vy s 1 l s 28 ( 0.25)
100 - (17 + 19 + 36) = 28 . Vy s in th 5 l s 28 ( 0.25)
s in s 6 cng l s 17 (0.25)
Ta c : 2007 = 501.4 + 3
Vy ta c 501 nhm 4 , d 3 cui l th 2005; 2006; 2007 vi cc s 28; 17; 19
(0.5)
a) Tng cc s trn bng l :
100.501 + 28 +17 +19 = 50164
(1)
b) Tng cc ch s mi nhm l :
2 + 8 +1 + 7 +1 +9 + 3 + 6 = 37
(0.5)
Tng cc ch s trn bng l :
37.501 + 2 + 8 + 1 + 7 +1 +9 = 18567
c) 1964 4 . vy s in th 1964 l s 36 .
(0.5)
..
P N S IX:
Bi 1 (1,5)
a).5x = 125 5x = 53 => x= 3
b) 32x = 81 => 32x = 34 => 2x = 4 => x = 2
c). 52x-3 2.52 = 52.3
52x: 53 = 52.3 + 2.52
52x: 53 = 52.5
52x = 52.5.53
52x = 56 => 2x = 6 => x=3
Bi 2. V a l mt s t nhin vi mi a Z nn t a < 5 ta
=> a = {0,1,2,3,4}.
Ngha l a ={0,1,-1,2,-2,3,-3,4,-4}. Biu din trn trc s ccc s ny u ln hn
-5 v nh hn 5 do -5<a<5.
Bi 3.
b)Nu a dng th s lin sau cng dng.
28

Ta c: Nu a dng th a>0 s lin sau a ln hn a nn cng ln hn 0 nn l
s dng
b)Nu a m th s lin trc a cng m.

Ta c: Nu a m th a<0 s lin trc a nh hn a nn cng nh hn 0 nn l s
m.
Bi 4 (2). Trong cc s cho t nht c 1 s dng v nu tri li tt c u l
s m th tng ca 5 s bt k trong chng s l s m tri vi gi thit.
Tch ring s dng cn 30 s chi lm 6 nhm. Theo bi tng cc s ca
mi nhm u l s dng nn tng ca 6 nhm u l s dng v do tng
ca 31 s cho u l s dng.
Bi 5 (2): V c 11 tng m ch c th c 10 ch s tn cng u l cc s t
0 , 1 ,2, ., 9 nn lun tm c hai tng c ch s tn cng ging nhau nn
hiu ca chng l mt s nguyn c tn cng l 0 v l s chia ht cho 10.
Bi 6 (1,5).Ta c: x 'Oy = 600 , x 'Oz = 600 v tia Ox nm gia hai tia Oy, Oz nn
yOz = yOx ' + x 'Oz = 1200 vy xOy

= yOz = zOx
Do tia Ox nm gia hai tia Oy, Oz v x 'Oy = x 'Oz nn Ox l tia phn gic ca
gc hp bi hai tia Oy, Oz.
Tng t tia Oy (tia i ca Oy) v tia Oz (tia i ca tia Oz) l phn gic ca
gc xOz v xOy.
-------------------------------------------------------------------P N S XI:
I - T LUN.
Cu 1: Thc hin cc php tnh.

Cu a.
2181 .729 + 243 .3 81 .9
3 2.9 2 .243 + 9 3.2.6.162 + 723 .729

729 ( 2181 + 729 )
729 .2910
=
=
=1
729 ( 243 +1944 + 723 ) 729 .2910
2181 .729 + 729 2

729 .243 + 729 .1944 + 723 .729
Cu b.
Ta c:
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= ;
= ;
= ; ..;
=
;
=
1. 2 1 2
2 .3 2 3
3.4 3 4
98 .99 98 99 99 .100
99 100
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Vy 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + + 98 .99 + 99 .100 = 1 2 + 2 3 + 3 4 + + 98 99 + 99 100 =
1
99
1
=
.
100
100
Cu c.
Ta c:
29

1
1
1 1
<
= ;
2
2
1.2 1 2
Vy
1
1
1 1
<
= ;
2
3
2.3 2 3
1 1 1
1
+
+
+
+
<
22 32 42
1 0 02
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ +
=
1.2 2.3 3.4
99 .100
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
= 1 + + +L +
2 2 3 3 4
99 100
Cu d:
1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
<
=
;...;
<
=
42 3.4 3 4 1 0 02 9 9.1 0 0 9 9 1 0 0;
= 1
1 99
=
< 1.
2 100
30 18
2 20 27
9 18
5.2 .3
2.3
.2
2 2.3
(5.2 3)
=
9 19 19
29 18
28 18
5.2.2 .3 7.2
.3
2 .3 (5.3
7.2)
Cu 2: Qung ng i c trong 3 gi u l:
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + = + + + + = 1
3 3 12 3 12 12
4
3 3 3 12 12 12
Qung ng i trong gi th t l
1
4
qung ng
Cu 3:
A
I
K
a. V on thng BC=5cm
0
V cung trn (B;3cm)
B
C
V cung trn (C;4cm)
H
Ly giao Im A ca hai cung trn.
V cc on thng AB, AC ta c tam gic ABC.
b. C 6 tam gic n l AOK; AOI; BOK; BOH; COH; v COI.
C 3 tam gic Ghp I l AOB; BOC; COA.
C 6 tam gic Ghp ba L ABH; BCI; CAK; ABI; BCK; CAH.
C mt tam gic Ghp 6 l tam gic ABC.
Vy trong hnh c tt c 6+3+1+6 = 16(Tam gic).
Cu 4:
a.Tm hai s tn cng ca 2100.
210 = 1024, bnh phng ca hai s c tn cng bng 24 th tn cng bng 76, c s tn
cng bng 76 nng ln ly tha no( khc 0) cng tn cng bng 76. Do :
2100 = (210)10= 1024 = (10242)5 = (76)5 = 76.
Vy hai ch s tn cng ca 2100 l 76.
* Tm hai ch s tn cng ca 71991.
Ta thy: 74=2401, s c tn cng bng 01 nng ln ly tha no cng tn cng bng 01.
Do :
71991 = 71988. 73= (74)497. 343 = (01)497. 343 = (01) x 343 =43
Vy 71991 c hai s tn cng l 43.
30

Tm 4 s tn cng ca 51992.
51992 = (54)498 =0625498=0625
---------------------------------------------------------------------------P N S XII
Bi 1:
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau: ( 1 im )
tm ch s tn cng ca cc s ch cn xt ch s tn cng ca tng s :
a) 571999 ta xt 71999
Ta c: 71999 = (74)499.73 = 2041499. 343 Suy ra ch s tn cng bng 3 ( 0,25 im )
Vy s 571999 c ch s tn cng l : 3
b) 931999 ta xt 31999
Ta c: 31999 = (34)499. 33 = 81499.27
Suy ra ch s tn cng bng 7
(0,25 im )
1999
1997
2. Cho A = 999993 - 555557 . chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5
chng minh A chia ht cho 5 , ta xt ch s tn cng ca A bng vic xt ch s tn
cng ca tng s hng.
Theo cu 1b ta c: 9999931999 c ch s tn cng l 7
Tng t cu 1a ta c: (74)499.7 =2041499.7 c ch s tn cng l 7 ( 0,25 im )
Vy A c ch s tn cng l 0, do A chia ht cho 5.
( 0,25 im )
3 (1 im )Theo bi ton cho a <b nn am < bm ( nhn c hai v vi m) ( 0,25 im )
ab +am < ab+bm ( cng hai v vi ab)
( 0,25 im )
a(b+m) < b( a+m)
a a +m
<
b b +m
4.(1 im )
Ta nhn thy , v tr ca cc ch s thay th ba du sao trong s trn u hng chn v
v ba ch s i mt khc nhau, ly t tp hp {1;2;3} nn tng ca chng lun
bng 1+2+3=6.
Mt khc 396 = 4.9.11 trong 4;9;11 i mt nguyn t cng nhau nn ta cn chng
minh
A = 155 * 710 * 4 *16 chia ht cho 4 ; 9 v 11.
Tht vy :
+A 4 v s to bi hai ch s tn cng ca A l 16 chia ht cho 4
( 0,25 im )
+ A 9 v tng cc ch s chia ht cho 9 :

1+5+5+7+1+4+1+6+(*+*+*)=30+6=36 chia ht cho 9
( 0,25 im )
+A
11 v hiu s gia tng cc ch s hng chn v tng cc ch s hng l l 0,
chia ht cho 11.
{1+5+7+4+1)-(5+1+6+(*+*+*)}= 18-12-6=0
( 0,25 im )
Vy A 396
5(4 im )
31

1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
+ +
= 2 + 3 4 + 5 6
2 4 8 16 32 64 2 2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
2A= 1 + 2 3 + 4 5
2 2
2
2
2
6
1
2 1
2A+A =3A = 1- 6 = 6 <1
2
2
a) (2 im ) t A=
(0,25 im )
(0,5 im )
(0,75
im )
3A < 1 A <
b) t
1
3
(0,5 im )
1 2
3
4
99 100
2 3
3
4
99 100
2 + 3 4 + ... + 99 100 3A= 1- 2 + 3 3 + ... + 98 99
3 3
3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
A=
(0,5 im )
1
3
4A = 1- +
1
1
1
1 100
1 1
1
1
1
3 + ... + 98 99 100 4A< 1- + 2 3 + ... + 98 99
2
3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(1)
(0,5
im )
1
3
t B= 1- +
1
1
1
1
3 + ... + 98 99
2
3
3
3
3
3B= 2+
1 1
1
1
2 + ... + 97 98
3 3
3
3
(0,5
im )
4B = B+3B= 3-
1
3
(2)
99 < 3 B <
4
3
T (1)v (2) 4A < B <
3
A
4
<
3
16
(0,5 im )
Bi 2 ( 2 im )
a) (1 im )V OB <OA ( do b<a) nn trn tia Ox th im B nm gia im O v im
A. Do : OB +OA= OA
T suy ra: AB=a-b.
O
b)(1 im )V M nm trn tia Ox v OM =

= OB +
OA OB
1
= OB + AB
2
2
1
a + b 2b + a b
a b
( a + b) =
=
=b+
=
2
2
2
2
M chnh l im thuc on thng AB sao cho AM = BM
-------------------------------------------------------P N S XIII
Bi1:
a, 1,5 im.
chng minh A ta xt ch s tn cng ca A bng vic xt ch
s tn cng ca tng s hng
Ta c: 31999 = ( 34)499 . 33 = 81499 . 27
Suy ra: 31999 c tn cng l 7
32
7 = ( 74)499 .7 = 2041499 . 7 7 1997 C tn cng l 7

Vy A c tn cng bng 0 A 5
1997
1
c 40 phn s.
80
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
+
+
41 42 43
78 79 80
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+ ...... +
+
+
+ .+
+
+
41 42
59 60
61 62
79 80
b, (1,5 im) Ta thy:

Vy
=
V
1
41
1 1
1
> . > ..> 60 v
41 42
Ta c
=
1
1
+
+ .+
60 60
20 20 1 1
+
= + =
60 80 3 4
1
61
>
1
1
+
60 60
4 +3 7
=
12
12
1
62
>>
1
80
(1)
1
80
(2)
+ 80 +.+ 80
1
80
(3)
T (1) , (2), (3) Suy ra:

1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
+
+
41 42 43
78 79 80
> 12
Bi 2: V s trang ca mi quyn v loi 2 bng
2
3
s trang ca 1 quyn loi 1. Nn s
trang ca 3 quyn loi 2 bng s trang ca 2 quyn loi 1

M s trang ca 4 quyn loi 3 bng 3 quyn loi 2.
N s trang ca 2 quyn loi 1 bng s trang ca 4 quyn loi 3
Do s trang ca 8 quyn loi 1 bng :
4 .8 : 2 = 16 ( quyn loi 3)
S trang ca 9 quyn loi 2 bng
9 .4 : 3 = 12 (qun loi 3)
Vy 1980 chnh l s trang ca 16 + 12+ 5 = 33(quyn loi 3)
Suy ra: S trang 1 quyn v loi 3 l 1980 : 33 = 60 ( trang)
S trang 1 quyn v loi 2 l
S trang 1 quyn v loi1 l;
60 .4
= 80
3
80 .3
= 120
2
(trang)
( trang)
Bi 3:
T 1; 2; ; n c n s hng
Suy ra 1 +2 ++ n =
( n +1). n
2
M theo bi ra ta c 1 +2 +3+..+n =
Suy ra
( n +1). n
2
aaa
aaa
= a . 111 = a . 3.37
Suy ra: n (n+1) = 2.3.37.a

V tch n(n+1) Chia ht cho s nguyn t 37 nn n hoc n+1 Chia ht cho 37
V s
( n +1). n
2
+) Vi n= 37 th
c 3 ch s Suy ra n+1 < 74 n = 37 hoc n+1 = 37

37 .38
= 703
2
( loi)
33

36 .37
= 666
2
+) Vi n+1 = 37 th
( tho mn)
Vy n =36 v a=6 Ta c: 1+2+3+..+ 36 = 666

Bi 4 :
A, 1,5 im
V mi tia vi 1 tia cn li to thnh 1 gc. Xt 1 tia, tia cng vi 5 tia cn li
to thnh 5 gc. Lm nh vy vi 6 tia ta c 5.6 gc. Nhng mi gc c tnh 2
ln do c tt c l
5.6
= 15
2
gc
n 1
)
2
B, 1 im . T cu a suy ra tng qut. Vi n tia chung gc c n(
(gc).
----------------------------------------------------------
P N S XIV
Bi 1.
a.
1.5.6 ( 1 + 2.2.2 + 4.4.4 + 9.9.9 ) 1.5.6

1.5.6 + 2.10.12 + 4.20.24 + 9.45.54
= 1.3.5 1 + 2.2.2 + 4.4.4 + 9.9.9 = 1.3.5 = 2 .
(
)
1.3.5 + 2.6.10 + 4.12.20 + 9.27.45
b.Bin i :
k ( k + 1) ( k + 2 ) ( k 1) k ( k + 1) = k ( k + 1) ( k + 2 ) ( k 1) = 3k ( k + 1)
p dng tnh :
3. ( 1.2 ) = 1.2.3 0.1.2.
3. ( 2.3) = 2.3.4 1.2.3.
3. ( 3.4 ) = 3.4.5 2.3.4.

...................................
3.n ( n + 1) = n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 ) ( n 1) n ( n + 1)
Cng li ta c :
3.S = n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 ) S =
Bi 2. a.Tch nh sau :
n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 )
3
) (
abc deg = 10000ab + 100cd + eg = 9999ab + 99cd + ab + cd + eg .
Do 9999M11;99M11 ( 9999ab + 99cd ) M11
M : ( ab + cd + eg ) M11 (theo bi ra) nn : abc deg M11.

b.Bin i :
2
3
4
3
4
59
60
3
59
*A = ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 ) + ... + ( 2 + 2 ) = 2 ( 1 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1 + 2 ) + ... + 2 ( 1 + 2
3
59
= 3 ( 2 + 2 + ... + 2 ) M3.
2
3
4
5
6
58
59
60
*A = ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) + ... + ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) =
2
4
2
58
2
4
58
= 2. ( 1 + 2 + 2 ) + 2 . ( 1 + 2 + 2 ) + ... + 2 . ( 1 + 2 + 2 ) = 7 ( 2 + 2 + ... + 2 ) M7 .
34

*A = ( 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) + ... + ( 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) =
= 2 ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) + ... + 2 ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 ) =
=15. ( 2 + 2 + ... + 2 ) M15.
2
57
57
58
59
60
57
1
1
1
1
<
=
.
2
n
n ( n 1) n 1 n
1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
.
p dng : 2 < 1 ; 2 < ;...; 2 <
2
2 3
2 3
n
n 1 n
1 1 1
1
1
2 + 3 + 4 + ... + n < 1 < 1.
2 2 2
2
n
Bi 3. Ta c :
Bi 4. a.Xt hai trng hp :

C
B
*TH 1: C thuc tia i ca tia BA. A
Hai tia BA, BC l hai tia i nhau B nm gia A v C
AC = AB + BC = 12 cm.
C
A
B
*TH 2 : C thuc tia BA.
C nm gia A v B (V BA > BC) AC + BC = AB AC = AB - BC = 4 cm.
b. - Mi ng thng ct 100 ng thng cn li nn to ra 100 giao im.
- C 101 ng thng nn c : 101.100 = 10100 giao dim.
-Do mi giao im c tnh hai ln nn s giao im l :
10100 : 2 = 5050 giao im.
Lu : Hc sinh gii cch khc ng vn cho im ti a. Bi hnh khng v hnh
khng chm im.
--------------------------------------------------------------P N S XV
Cu 1. (2).
a, Ta c
5S = 52 + 53 +54 ++52007
5S S = (52 + 53 +54 ++52007) (5 + 52 + 53 + + 52006)
4S = 52007-5
52007 5
Vy S =
4
b, S = (5 + 54) + (52 + 55) +(53 + 56) +.. + (52003 +52006)

Bin i c S = 126.(5 + 52 + 53 ++ 52003)
V 126 M126 S M126
Cu 2. (3)
Gi s phi tm l x.
Theo bi ra ta c x + 2 chia ht cho 3, 4, 5, 6.
x + 2 l bi chung ca 3, 4, 5, 6
BCNN(3;4;5;6) = 60 . nen x + 2 = 60.n
Do x = 60.n 2 (n = 1;2;3..)
Mt khc x M
11 ln lt cho n = 1;2;3.
Ta thy n = 7 th x = 418 M
11
35

Vy s nh nht phi tm l 418.
3n + 2 3n 3 + 5 3(n 1) + 5
5
=
=
= 3+
n 1
n 1
n 1
n 1
5
A c gi tr nguyn
nguyn.
n 1
5
M
nguyn 5 M
(n-1) hay n-1 l c ca 5
n 1
Cu 3. (1). Ta c
Do 5 = { 1; 5}
Ta tm c n =2
n =0
n =6
n = -4
Cu 4 (2)
A, Tm c cc (18); (24) ; (72) ng cho 0,5
C (18;24;72)= {1; 2; 3; 6}
b, Ta c 72 B(18)
72 B(24)
BCNN (18;24;72) = 72.
Cu 5. (2)
O
D
B
A
C
V A nm gia B v C nn BA +AC = BC BA +AC =4 (1)

Lp. lun B nm gia A v D.
Theo gt OD < OA D nm gia O v A.
(0,5)
M OD + DA = OA 2 + DA =5 DA =3 cm
Ta c DB + BA = DA DB +BA =3 (2)
(0,25)
(1) (2) AC DB = 1 (3)
(0,25)
theo ra : AC = 2BD thay v (3)
Ta c 2BD BD = 1 BD = 1
(0,25)
AC = 2BD AC = 2 cm
(0,25)
--------------------------------------------------------
P N S XVI
Cu 1: Lit k cc phn t ca 2 tp hp
a.
A = { 0, 1, 2, 3}
B = { - 2, -1, 0, 1, 2, }
A B = { 0, 1, 2,}
b. C 20 tch c to thnh
-2
-1
0
0
0
0
0
1
-2
-1
0
2
-4
-2
0
0,5 im
0,5 im.
1
0
1
2
2
0
2
4
36

3
-6
-3
Nhng tch l c ca 6: +1;

+2 +3 +6
Cu 2:
a. B = (3 + 32 + 33+ 34) ++ (397+398+399+3100)
= 3 (1 + 3 + 32+33)+.+ 397(1+3+32+33)
(3 + 35 +39 ++397 ): 40
6
0,5 im
0,5 im
= 40.
0,5 im
b. Mi s c dng abc0,
abc5.
Vi abc0
- C 5 cch chn ch s hng nghn (v ch s hng nghn khng phi l s 0).
- C 6 cch chn ch s hng trm.
- C cch chn ch s hng chc.
Vy 5 . 6 . 6 = 180 s.
Vi abc5 Cch chn tng t v cng c 180 s. Vy ta thit lp c 360 s c 4
ch s chia ht cho 5 t 6 ch s cho
0,5 im.
Cu 3: 1/2 tui anh th hn 3/8 tui em l 7 nm. Vy tui anh hn 6/8 tui em l 14
nm
0,5 im.
M 5/8 tui anh ln hn 3/4 tui em l 2 nm,
nn 1-5/8 = 3/8 tui anh = 14-2 = 12 nm.
1 im
Vy tui anh l: 12:3/8 = 32 tui.
0,5 im
3/4 tui em = 32 14 = 18 tui
0,5 im
Tui em l: 18:3/4 = 24 tui
0,5 im
Cu 4:
a, C 2 cch v tia OZ (c hnh v)
Gc XOZ = 650 hoc 1350
1 im
b, C th din t trung im M ca on thng AB bng 3 cch khc nhau
M l trung im
MA+MB=AB
MA=MB=AB/2
Ca on thng AB
MA=MB
------------------------------------------------------P N S XVII
Cu 1: (2,5 im)
Chia ra 3 loi s:
* 5ab . Trong s a c 9 cch chn ( t 0 n 9, tr s 5 ). S b cng vy.Nn
cc s thuc loi ny c : 9.9 = 81 ( s )
(1 im)
* a5b . Trong s a c 8 cch chn ( t 1 n 8, tr s 5 ).S b c 9 cch chn.
Nn cc s thuc loi ny c: 9.8 = 72 ( s )
(0,5 im)
* ab5 . Trong s a c 8 cch chn , s b c 9 cch chn.Nn cc s thuc loi
ny c : 8.9 = 72 ( s )
(0,5 im) V 3 dng
37

trn bao gm tt c cc dng s phI m v 3 dng l phn bit.Nn s lng cc s t
nhin c 3 ch s trong c ng mt ch s 5 l:
81 + 72 + 72 = 225 ( s )
p s: 225 ( s )
(0,5 im)
Cu 2: ( 2,5 im)
* Cc tha s 5 trong 100! ( khi phn tch cc tha s chia ht cho 5 ) l:
100 100
+
= 24 ( tha s)
5
25
(1 im)
* Cc tha s 2 c trong 100! l:

100 100 100 100 100 100
+
+
+
+
+
2
4 8 16 32 64
= 50 + 25 + 12 + 6 + 3 + 1
= 97 ( s )
(1 im)
Tch ca mi cp tha s 2 v 5 tn cng bng mt ch s 0. Do : 100! C tn cng
bng 24 ch s 0.
Vy 20 ch s tn cng ca 100! l 20 ch s 0.
Cu 3: (1,5 im)
a/. V 6 ngy bo ph kn ao v c sau 1 ngy din tch bo tng ln gp i nn
ph kn na ao th phI sau ngy th 5.
(0,5 im)
b/. Sau ngy th x s phn ao b che ph l:
1
2
1
1
:2=
2
4
1
1
:2=
4
8
1
1
:2=
8
16
1
1
:2=
16
32
Vi x = 5, ta c: 1 : 2 =
(ao)
Vi x = 4, ta c:
(ao)
Vi x = 3, ta c:
Vi x = 2, ta c:
Vi x = 1, ta c:
(ao)
(ao)
(ao)
Vy sau ngy th nht th bo ph c:
1
(ao)
32
Cu 4: (1,5 im)
V CLN( a, b)= 10, suy ra : a = 10x ; b = 10y
(vi x < y v CLN(x, y)= 1 )
Ta c : a.b = 10x . 10y = 100xy
(1)
Mt khc: a.b = CLN(a, b) . BCNN(a, b)
a.b = 10 . 900 = 9000
(2)
(1) v (2), suy ra: xy = 90
Ta c cc trng hp sau:
(0,5 im)
(0,5 im)
(0,5 im)
(0,5 im) T
38

X 1
2
3
5
9
y
90 45
30 18
10
T suy ra a v b c cc trng hp sau:
a
y
10 20
900 450
30 50
300 180
90
100
Cu 5: (1 im)
Ta c s :
----------------------------------------------------------------P N S XVIII
Cu 1: (2) Ta c: p4 - q4 = (p4 1 ) (q4- 1); 240 = 8 .2.3.5
Chng minh p4 1 240
- Do p >5 nn p l s l (0,25)
+ Mt khc: p4 1 = (p-1) (p+1) (p2 +1) (0,25)
--> (p-1 v (p+1) l hai s chn lin tip => (p-1) (p+1) 8 (0,25)
+ Do p l s l nn p2 l s l -> p2 +1 2 (0,25)
- p > 5 nn p c dng:
+ p = 3k +1 --> p 1 = 3k + 1 1 = 3k 3 --> p4 1 3
+ p = 3k + 2 --> p + 1 = 3k + 2 + 1 = 3k +3 3 --> p4 -1 3 (0,25)
- Mt khc, p c th l dng:
+ P = 5k +1 --> p 1 = 5k + 1 - 1 = 5k 5 --> p4 - 1 5
+ p = 5 k+ 2 --> p2 + 1 = (5k +2)2 +1 = 25k2 + 20k +5 5 --> p4 - 1 5 (0,25 )
+ p = 5k +3 --> p2 +1 = 25k2 + 30k +10 --> p4 1 5
+ p = 5k +4 --> p + 1 = 5k +5 5 --> p4 1 5 (0,25)
Vy p4 1 8 . 2. 3 . 5 hay p4 1 240
Tng t ta cng c q4 - 1 240 (0,25)
Vy: (p4 - 1) (q4 1) = p4 q4 240
Cu 2: (2)
a.
8n +193 2( 4n + 3) +187
187
=
=2+
4n + 3
4n + 3
4n + 3
A N th 187 4n + 3 => 4n +3
A=
{17 ;11 ;187 } (0,5)
+ 4n + 3 = 11 -> n = 2
+ 4n +3 = 187 --> n = 46
+ 4n + 3 = 17 -> 4n = 14 -> khng c n N (0,5)
Vy n = 2; 46
b.A l ti gin khi 187 v 4n + 3 c UCLN bng 1
-> n 11k + 2 (k N)
-> n 17m + 12 (m N) (0,5)
39

c) n = 156 ->
n = 165 ->
n = 167 ->
77
;
19
89
A=
39
139
A=
61
A=
(0,5)
Cu 3: (2)
Do 4 = 12 . (- 4) = 22.(-1) n c cc trng hp sau:
(x 2 = 1) x 2= 1 x= 3

y = 43 y= 1 y= 1
2
a.
(0,5)
hoc
(x 2 = 2) x = 22 x= 4

y = 13 y= 2 y= 2
x 2 = 1 x = 1

y = 1 y = 1
(0,5)
22
b.
(0,5)
40
hoc
x 2 = 2 x = 0

y= 2 y= 2
(0,5)
Cu 4: (3)
a. M, B thuc 2 tia i nhau CB v CM
-> C nm gia B v M.
->BM = BC + CM = 8 (cm) (0,5)
B
x
b. C nm gia B,M -> Tia AC nm gia tia AB, AM -> CAM = BAM - BAC
= 200 (0,75)
c. C xAy = x AC + CAy =
=
1
2
1
2
( BAC + CAM) =
BAC +
1
2
1
2
BAM =
d. + Nu K tia CM -> C nm gia B v K1

-> BK1 = BC + CK1 = 6 (cm) (0,5)
+ Nu K tia CB -> K2 nm gia B v C
-> BK2 = BC = CK2 =4 (cm) (0,5 )
Cu 5: (1)
1
1 1 1
2
2 1 1
2
2 1 1
= ( )
= ( )
= ( );
Ta c
1.4
3 1
1.4
3 1
4.7
CAM
3 4
1
2
.80 = 400 (0,75)
2
2 1
1
= ( );....
7.10
3 7 10
2
2 1
1
= (
) (0,5)
97 .100
3 99 100
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
B= 3 (1 4 + 4 7 + 7 10 +..... + 99 100 )
2 1
1
2 99
33
B= 3 (1 100 ) = 3 . 100 = 50 (0,5)
......;
-------------------------------------------------------------P N S XX
Cu 1
a) 510* ; 61*16 chia ht cho 3 th:
5 + 1 + 0 + * chia ht cho 3; t tm c * = 0; 3; 6; 9
b) 261* chia ht cho 2 v chia 3 d 1 th:
(1)
41

* chn v 2 + 6 + 1 + * chia 3 d 1; t tm c * = 4
(1)
Cu 2
S = 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ... + 99.100
3.S = (1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ... + 99.100).3
(0,5)
= 1.2.3 + 2.3.3 + 3.4.3 + ... + 99.100.3
= 1.2.3 +2.3.(4 - 1) + 3.4.(5 - 2) + ... + 99.100.(101 - 98)
(0,5)
= 1.2.3 - 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 - 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 - ... - 98.99.100 + 99.100.101
S = 99.100.101: 3 = 33. 100 . 101 = 333300
(0,5)
Cu 3
Thi gian i t A n C ca Hng l: 11 - 8 = 3 (gi)
Thi gian i t B n C ca Dng l: 11 - 8 = 3 (gi)
0,5
Qung ng AB l 30 km do c 1 gi khong cch ca Hng v Dng bt i
10 km. V vy lc 9 gi Hng cn cch Dng l 20 km, lc Ninh gp Dng nn Ninh
cng cch Hng 20 km.
1
n 9 gi 24 pht, Ninh gp Hng do tng vn tc ca Ninh v Hng
l:
24 20 .60
1
=
= 50 ( km / h)
20 :
60
24
Do vn tc ca Ninh bng 1/4 vn tc ca Hng nn vn tc ca Hng l:

[50 : (1 + 4)] . 4 = 40 (km/h)
0,5
T suy ra qung ng BC l:
40 . 3 - 30 = 90 (km)
0,5
p s: BC = 90 km
Cu 4: (2)
Trn on thng AB c cc im A; A1; A2; A3; ...; A2004 ; B do , tng s im
trn AB l 2006 im suy ra c 2006 on thng ni t M n cc im .
Mi on thng (v d MA) c th kt hp vi 2005 on thng cn li v cc
on thng tng ng trn AB to thnh 2005 tam gic.
Do 2006 on thng s to thnh 2005 . 2006 = 4022030 tam gic (nhng lu
l MA kt hp vi MA1 c 1 tam gic th MA1 cng kt hp vi MA c 1 tam
gic v hai tam gic ny ch l 1)
Do s tam gic thc c l: 4022030 : 2 = 2011015
Cu 5: (1)
Tch ca hai phn s l
56
15
8
15
. Thm 4 n v vo phn s th nht th tch mi l
56
15
48
12
:
4
=
=
15
15
8
4
nht l: 15 : 5
suy ra tch mi hn tch c l
Suy ra phn s th hai l

T suy ra phn s th
8
15
4
5
48
15
y chnh l 4 ln phn s th hai.
.
2
3
----------------------------------------------------------42

P N S XXI
Cu 1:
Vy
2525
25 .101 25
=
=
5353
53 .101 53
252525
25 .10101
25
=
=
535353
53 .10101
53
25 2525 252525
=
=
53 5353 535353
(0.5)
(0.5)
(0.5)
Cu 2:
300
300
300 30
30 300
>
=
>
m
670
677
670 67
67 677
37
30
377
300
Ta c : 1 67 = 67 v 1 677 = 677
377
37
T (1) v (2) 677 > 67
(1)
(0.5)
(2)
(0.5)
(0.5)
Cu 4:
Gi s i vn ngh c n ngi. Tng s tui i vn ngh tr ngi ch huy l m.
Ta c:
m +17
= 11
n
(1) v
m
=10
n 1
(2)
(1)
T (1) m = 11n 17 (3)

(2) m = 10n 10 (4)
T (3) v (4) 11n 17 = 10n 10 <=> n =7
p s: S ngi trong i vn ngh l: 7
Cu 5:
a.Tnh c yOn = 150 ; mOy = 750
Ch ra cch v v v ng.
b.Tnh c mOn = 900
(1)
(1)
(1)
(0.5)
(0.5)
y
x
O
------------------------------------------------------------------
P
N
S
X
X
II
n
z
CU I : 1) 1,5
A=
63 .(10101 .37 ) 37 .(10101 .63 )

37 .63 .(10101 10101 )
636363 .37 373737 .63
=0
=
=
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 2006
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 2006
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 2006
12 12 12
4
4
4
12 +
4+
+ +
6
19 37 53 :
17 19 2006
2) B = 1 .
1
3
3
5
5
5
41
5+
+ +
3+
3 37 53
17 19 2006
124242423
.
237373735
43

1
1
1
1
1
1
12.1 +
41 + + +
47 19 37 53 17 19 2006 41.3.1010101
:
.
= .
1
1
1
1
1
1 47.5.1010101
41
51 +
31 +
17 19 2006
19 37 53
47
5 41 .3
.( 4. ).
=3
41
4 47 .5
(1,5)
CU 2: 2
- b=0 => 9+a 9 => a = 0
- B =5 => 14+a 9 => a = 4
CU III: 2
a) A = 31 +32+33 + .....+ 32006 3A =32+33 +34+ .....+ 32007 3A A = 32007 -3 A =
3 2007 3
2
b) Ta c : 2.
(1)
3 2007 3
+3 = 3x =>
2
32007 -3 +3 = 3x => 32007 = 3x => x = 2007 (1)

CU IV: 1
A=
2005 (2005 2004 +1)

2005 2005 + 1
2005 2005 + 1 + 2004
2005 2004 + 1
<
=
=
= B Vy A < B
2005 ( 2005 2005 +1)
2005 2006 + 1
2005 2006 + 1 + 2004
2005 2005 + 1
CU V : 2
Gi x l s trang sch, x N
2
x trang
5
2
3
S trang cn li l x- x = x trang
5
5
3 3
9
x trang
Ngy 2 c c l x. =
5 5
25
3
9
6
x =
x trang
S trang cn li l x 5
25
25
6
24 x
x .80% +30 =
Ngy th 3 c c l :
+ 30
25
125
2
9
24 x
x+
Hay : x +
+ 30 =x => x =625 trang
5
25
125
Ngy 1 c c l
S 625 trang
----------------------------------------------------------------P N S XXIII
Bi 1 (1,5):
a. 308;
b. 380
c. 803
Bi 2 (2):
a) (1)
380; 830
830
(0,5)
(0,5)
44
- 33...3
1 2 3 x 1 00..0
{ {
{
- 1 = 33...300...0
= 333...3
{
50 chu so 50 chu so
50 chu so
50 chu so
33 ... 33 00 ... 00
33 ... 33
33
{...32 66
1 2...36 7
49 chu so
50 chu so
(0,5)
{...32 66
1 2...36 7 (0,25)
(0,25). Vy A = 33
49 chu so
49 chu so
49 chu so
B = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 399 + 3100

3B =
32 + 33 + ... + 3100 + 3101
Ly (2) tr (1) ta c: 2B = 3101 - 3
Do : 2B + 3 = 3101
Theo bi 3B + 3 = 3n . Vy n = 101
Bi 3 (1,5):
a) (0,75)
b) (1 )
C=
(1)
(2) (0,25)
(0,25)
(0,25)
(0,25)
101+ 100 + 99 + 98 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1

101 100 + 99 98 + ... + 3 2 + 1
Ta c:
*,
101 + (100 + 99 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1)
=101 + 101.100 : 2 = 101 + 5050 = 5151
*,
101 - 100 + 99 - 98 + ... + 3 - + 1
(0,25)
(101 - 100) + (99 - 98) + ... + (3 - 2) + 1

= 1 4 4 4 4 4 4502cap4 4 4 4 4 4 3
= 50 + 1 = 51
Vy C =
5151
= 101
51
b) (0,75)
B=
Ta c:
(0,25)
(0,25)
3737.43 4343.37
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100
3737.43 - 4343.37 = 34.43.101 - 43.101.37 = 0

(0,5)
Vy B = 0 ( v 2 = 4 + 6 + ...+ 100 0)
(0,25)
Bi 4 ( 1,5):
Ta c: 210 = 1024
(0,25)
10
5
10
2
2100 = ( 2 ) = 102410 = ( 1024 )
(0,75)
=(......76)5 = ....76
(0,5)
100
Vy hai ch s tn cng ca 2 l 76
Bi 5 (1,5):
Nu i t A n D bng con ng a1:
a1 b1 c1; a1 b1 c2; a1 b1 c3; a1 b2 c1; a1 b2 c2; a1 b2 c3; (0,5)
i t A n D bng con ng a2:
i t A n D bng con ng a3:
45

Vy tp hp M:
M = { a1 b1 c1; a1 b1 c2; a1 b1 c3; a1 b2 c1; a1 b2 c2; a1 b2 c3; a2 b1 c1;
a2 b1 c2; a2 b1 c3; a2 b2 c1; a2 b2 c2; a2 b2 c3; a3 b1 c1; a3 b1 c2;
a3 b1 c3; a3 b2 c1; a3 b2 c2; a3 b2 c3;}
Bi 6 ( 2):
Chn mt im. Qua im v tng im trong 99 im cn li, ta v c 99
ng thng
(0,5)
Lm nh vy vi 100 im ta c 99.100 ng thng (0,5)
Nhng mi ng thng c tnh 2 ln, do tt c c 99.100 : 2 = 4950 ng
thng (1)
--------------------------------------------------------P N S XXIV
Bi 1
270.450 + 270.550 270(450 + 550) 270000

=
=
= 3000
(2 + 18).9
a. S =
90
90
2
a
a a+n
20062006 + 1 20062006 + 1 + 2005
*
<
1
<
(
n
N
)
A
=
<
b. Ta c nu
th
b
b b+n
20062007 + 1 20062007 + 2005 + 1
20062006 + 2006 2006(20062005 + 1) 20062005 + 1
=
=
=
=B
20062007 + 2006 2006(20062006 + 1) 20062006 + 1
Vy A < B
Bi 2
a. C = 2 + 22 + 23 + .. + 299 + 2100
= 2(1 +2 + 22+ 23+ 24) + 26(1 + 2 + 22+ 23+ 24)++ (1 + 2 + 22+ 23+ 24).296
= 2 . 31 + 26 . 31 + + 296 . 31 = 31(2 + 26 ++296). Vy C chia ht cho 31
b. C = 2 + 22 + 23 + .. + 299 + 2100 2C = 22 + 23 + 24 + + 2100 + 2101
Ta c 2C C = 2101 2 2101 = 22x-1 2x 1 = 101 2x = 102 x = 51
Bi 3:
Gi s cn tm l A:
A = 4q1 + 3 = 17q2 + 9 = 19q3 + 13 (q1, q2, q3 thuc N)
A + 25 = 4(q1 +7) = 17(q2 +2) = 19(q3 + 2)
A + 25 chia ht cho 4; 17; 19 A + 25 =1292k
A = 1292k 25 = 1292(k + 1) + 1267
khi chia A cho 1292 d 1267
Bi 4
Tng s im ca 10 lp 6A l
(42 - 39) . 1 + (39 - 14) . 2 + (14 - 5) . 3 + 5 . 4 = 100(im 10)
Bi 5:
C
24 25
n(n 1)
= 300 ng thng. Vi n im c
ng thng
2
2
46

---------------------------------------------------P N S XXV
Cu 1 : Tnh gi tr biu thc :
a) Tng : S =1 +2 +3 +...+100 c 100 s hng .
S = ( 1+ 100) + (2 +99) + (3 + 98) + ... + 950 + 51) c 50 cp .
= 50 . 10 = 5050
1 3
3
4
4
4
) 4+
+
+
1
3 37 53 :
17 19 2003
b) A = 1 5 .
1 3
3
5
5
5
(3 +
) 5+
+
+
3 37 53
17 19 2003
1
1
1
4(1 +
+
+
)
6 4
6 4 4
6 4.5
17 19 2003
.
:
. : = .
= 6
Ta c : A = - 5 1
=
1
1
1
5
1
5
5
4
5(1 +
+
+
)
17 19 2003
1
1
1
1
1
c). B = 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + 5.6 +............+ 99 .100
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
Ta c : B = 1 - 2 + 2 - 3 + 3 - 4 +........+ 99 - 100 = 1 - 100
4(3 +
99
100
2) Cu2. So snh .
a) Ta c : 3200 =(32)100 = 9100
2300 =(23)100 =8100
V 9100 > 8100 Nn 3200 > 2300
121212
2
404 121212 : 10101
2
404 : 101
12 2
4 12 + 2 4
+
+
+
A=
+
=
171717 17 1717 171717 : 10101 17 1717 : 101
17 17 17
17
10
10
A = 17 hay A =B = 17
b) A =
Vy
3). Bi 3. s c 4 ch s *26* , 4ch s khc nhau m 4 ch s *26* chia ht cho

c 4 s 2; 5;3;9 .Ta cn tho mn : S m bo chia ht cho 2 nn s l s chn.
S chia ht cho 5 nn s phi c ch s tn cng l s 0 hoc 5.S va chia ht
cho 3 v9 .Nn s phi c tng cc ch s chia ht cho 9.
Vy : Ch s tn cng ca s l 0 *260 . Ch s u l s 1
Do s cho l 1260
4 ) Bi 4. Tm s t nhin n . M 1! +2!+3! +...+n! l bnh phng ca mt s t nhin.
Xt : n = 1 1! = 12
n = 2 1! +2! = 3
n=3 1! + 2! + 3! = 9 =32
n = 4 1!+ 2! +3! + 4! =33
Vi n >4 th n! = 1.2.3.........n l mi s chn .Nn 1!+2!+......+n! =33 cng vi mt s
chn bng sc ch s tn cng ca tng l ch s 3 .Nn n khng phi l s chnh
phng.
Vy ch c hai gi tr n=1 hoc n=3 th 1! +2! + 3! +4! +.......+n!l s chnh phng.
5)
Gii
47

1
2
1 gi xe th nht i c
1 gi xe th 2 i c
1 gi c 2 xe i c
Sau 10 pht =
1
6
1
3
1
2
gi
qung ng AB.
qung ng AB .
1
+3=
5
6
qung ng AB.
: Xe th nht i c
1
6
1
2
1
12
qung ng AB.
Qung ng cn li l:
1-
1
=
12
11
12
(ca AB)
Thi gian hai xe cng i qung ng cn li l:

11
12
:6 =
11
10
gi = 1 gi 6 pht.
Hai xe gp nhau lc 7 gi 10 pht + 1 gi 6 pht = 8 gi 16 pht .

p n : 8 gi 16 pht. (0,25)
6) Hnh hc. (t v hnh) (2)
V : xOy
= 1200 , AOy
= 750, im A nm trong gc xOy nn tia OA nm gia hai tia
Ox v Oy.
= xOy
- AOy
=1200 - 750 = 450
Ta c : xOA
im B c
th hai v tr : B v B .
(0,75)
+, Ti B th tia OB nm ngoi hai tia Ox, OA nn BOx

+ xOA
= 1350 + 450 = 1800 . Do
BOA = BOx
+ xOA
=1800 . Nn 3 im A,O,B thng hng. (0,75)
+, Cn ti B th : xOB'
= 1350 < 1800, AOB'
= xOB'
- xOA
= 1350 - 450 = 900 . Nn 3
im A,O, B khng thng hng.(0,5)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------HNG DN GII S XXVI
Cu 1: Ta c
3A = 1 + 1/3 + 1/32 + ... + 1/399
vy: 3A-A = (1 + 1/3 + 1/32 + ... + 1/399)-(1/3 + 1/32 + ... + 1/3100)
2A= 1-1/3100 = (3100-1)/ 3100
suy ra
A= (3100-1) )/ 2.3100
Cu 2: Ta c 12/21= 4/7, cc phn s 3/5, 4/5, 6/11 ti gin nn tn ti cc s t nhin
k, l, m sao cho a=3k, b=5k, b=4n, c=7n, c= 6m, d=11m. T cc ng thc 5k=4n, v 7k
= 6m ta c 4n5 v 7n 6 m (4,5)=1; (7,6)=1 nn
n5, n 6 mt khc (5,6) =1 do n 30
cc s t nhin a, b, c, d nh nht v phi khc 0 , ta chn n nh nht bng 30 suy ra:
k =24, m=35
vy a=72, b=120, c=210, d=385.
cu 3: Gi a v b l hai s bt k thuc dy 1, 2, 3, ..., 50. Gi s a>b.
48

a.Gi d thuc C(a,b) th a-b d ta s chng minh d 25 tht vy gi s d>25
th b>25 ta c a 50 m b>25 nn 0< a-b < 25, khng th xy ra
a-b d ; d=25 xy ra khi a=50; b=25
vy hai s c CLN t gi tr ln nht l 50 v 25
b. BCNN(a,b) a.b 50.49=2450 vy hai s c BCNN t gi tr ln nht l 50
v 49
cu 4: (Hc sinh t v hnh)
Ta thy : AOB
+ BOC
+ AOD
>1800
v nu tri li th gc AOD c im trong chung vi ba gc kia. t AOB

=
0
0
0
ta c: AOB + BOC + AOD + COD = 360

+3+5+6=360
= 24 .
0
0
0
0
= 24 ; BOC
=72 ; COD
= 120 ; DOA
= 144
Vy: AOB
---------------------------------------------------------P N S XXVII
Cu 1: (3).
a. V c s cho (1,5).
- S hc sinh thch ng 2 mn bng v bi: 14 10 = 4 (hs)
- S hc sinh thch ng hai mn bi v bng chuyn: 13 10 = 3 (hs).
- S hc sinh thch ng hai mn bng v bng chuyn: 15 10 = 5 (hs)
- S hc sinh ch thch bng : 20 (4 + 10 + 5) = 1 (hs)
- S hc sinh ch thch bi: 17 (4 + 10 + 3) = 0 (hs).
- S hc sinh ch thch bng chuyn: 36 (5 + 10 + 3) = 18 (hs).
Vy: S hc sinh ca lp l: 1 + 0 + 18 + 4 + 10 + 5 + 3 + 12 + = 53 (hs).
b. (1,5 )
A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 58 59 60.
* T 1 n 9 c : 9 ch s
T 10 n 60 c: 51 . 2 = 102 ch s.
Vy: S A c 9 + 102 = 111 ch s. (0,5)
* Nu xa 100 ch s trong s A th s A cn 11 ch s. Trong s A c 6 ch s 0
nhng c 5 ch s 0 ng trc cc ch s 51 52 53 . 58 59 60.
Trong s nh nht c 5 ch s 0 ng trc s nh nht l s c 6 ch s.
S nh nht l 00000123450 = 123450 (0,5).
* Trong s A c 6 ch s 9. Nu s ln nht c 6 ch s 9 ng lin nhau th s l:
99999960
S ny ch c 8 ch s khng tha mn.
S ln nht ch c 5 ch s 9 lin nhau s c dng 99999.
Cc ch s cn li 78 59 60.
Vy s ln nht: 99999785860.
Cu 2: (2,5).
a.(1,5).
A = 5 + 52 + + 596 5A =52 + 53 + + 596 + 597
49

5A A = 5
97
597 - 5
- 5 A =
4
Tac: 597 c ch s tn cng l 5 597 5 c ch s tn cng l 0.

Vy: Ch s tn cng ca A l 0.
b. (1).
C: 6n + 3 = 2(3n + 6) 9
6n + 3 chia ht 3n + 6
2(3n + 6) 9 chia ht 3n + 6
9 chia ht 3n + 6
3n + 6 = 1 ; 3 ; 9
3n + 6
-9
-3
-1
1
3
n
-5
-3
- 7/3
- 5/3
-1
Vy; Vi n = 1 th 6n + 3 chia ht cho 3n + 6.
Cu 3: (2,5).
a. (1).
Gi s t nhin cn tm l a (a > 0, a N)
Theo bi ra ta c:
- a chia cho 3 d 2 a 2 chia ht cho 3
a = BCNN(3, 4, 5, 10) = 60.
b.(1,5).
11n + 2 + 122n + 1 = 121 . 11n + 12 . 144n
=(133 12) . 11n + 12 . 144n = 133 . 11n + (144n 11n) . 12
Tac: 133 . 11n chia ht 133; 144n 11n chia ht (144 11)
144n 11n chia ht 133 11n + 1 + 122n + 1
Cu 4: (2).
S ng thng v c qua n im:
9
1
n ( n 1)
= 105
2
n .(n 1) = 210 = 2 . 5 . 3 . 7 = 10 . 14
n. (n 1) = 6 . 35 = 15 . 14.
V n v n 1 l 2 s t nhin lin tip nn: n = 14
Vy n = 14.
----------------------------------------------------P N S XXVIII
Bi 1:(2,25 im)
a) x=
7 1 2
=
25 5 25
b) x=
5 4 45 +
44 89
=
=
11 9
99
99
c) x = 32
Bi 2:(2,25 im) Tnh tng sau bng cch hp l nht:

50

a) A = (11 + 20) + (12 + 19) + (13 + 18) + (14 + 17) + (15+ 16)
= 31 + 31 + 31
+31+ 31 = 31.5= 155
b)
B = (11+25)+(13+23)+(15 + 21)+(17 +19) = 36.4 = 144.
c)
C = (12 +26)+(14+24)+(16 +22)+(18 +20) = 38.4 = 152.
Bi 3:(2,25 im) Tnh:
a)
b)
c)
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1
5
+ +
+... +
=
=
11 16 16 21 21 26
61 66 11 66 66
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 6
B= 1 + + + + + =1 =
2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7
7 7
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
2006
+ ... +
=1
=
C = 1 + + ... +
2 2 3
1989 1990
2006 2007
2007 2007
A=
Bi 4:(1 im)
102002 + 10
9
= 1 + 2002
Ta c:
10A = 2002
(1)
10 + 1
10 + 1
102003 + 10
9
= 1 + 2003
Tng t: 10B = 2003
(2)
10 + 1
10 + 1
9
9
T (1) v (2) ta thy : 2002 > 2003 10A > 10B A > B
10 + 1 10 + 1
Bi 5:(2,25 im)
A
a) Trn tia BA ta c BK = 2 cm. BA = 7cm nn BK< BA do im K nm gia
A v B. Suy ra AK + KB = AB hay AK + 2 = 7 AK = 5 cm. Trn tia AB c im I
v K m AI < AK (v 4 <5) nn im I nm gia A v K
b) Do I nm gia A v K nn AI + IK = AK. Hay 4 + IK = 5 IK = 5- 4 = 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------P N S XXIX
Bi 1 ( 3 im)
a.(1 im)
Ta c 405n = .5 ( 0,25 im)
2405 = 2404. 2 = (.6 ).2 = .2 ( 0,25 im)
m2 l s chnh phng nn c ch s tn cng khc 3. Vy A c ch s tn
cng khc khng A 10
b. ( 1im)
B=
2n + 9
5 n +17
3n
2n + 9 + 5n +17 3n
4n + 26
+
=
=
n +2
n +2
n +2
n +2
n +2
B=
4n + 26 4(n + 2) + 18
18
=
= 4+
n+2
n+2
n+2
B l s t nhin th
18
n+2
( 0,25 im)
(0,25 im )
l s t nhin
51
=> n+2 ( 18) = {1;2;3;6;9;18 }

(0,25 im)
+, n + 2= 1 n= - 1 (loi)
+, n + 2= 2 n= 0
+, n + 2= 3 n= 1
+, n + 2= 6 n= 4
+, n + 2= 9 n= 7
+, n + 2= 18 n= 16
Vy n {0;1;4;7;16 } th B N
(0,25im )
c. (1 im)
Ta c 55 =5.11 m (5 ;1) = 1
(0,25 im)
18
(n+2)
Do C =
x1995
55 <=>
(1)
C 5
C 11
(0.25 im)
(2)
(1) => y = 0 hoc y = 5

+, y= 0 : (2) => x+ 9+5 ( 1+9 +0)
11 => x = 7
+, y =5 : (2) = > x+9 +5 (1+9+5 ) 11 => x = 1
(0,25 im)
(0,25 im)
Ba 2 (2 im)
a( 1im)
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
+
+
+ ... +
+
+
+ ... +
=
56 140 260
1400
4.7 7.10 10 .13
25 .28
5 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
= 3 . 4 7 + 7 10 + 10 13 + ... + 25 28
( 0, 25 im)
5 1
1 5 6
5
= 3 . 4 28 = 3 . 28 = 14
( 0,5 im)
M=
(0,25 im)
b. (1 im)
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15
+ +
+
+
>
+
+
+
+
=> S > 15 = 1
10 11 12 13 14 15 15 15 15 15
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15 20
+ +
+
+
<
+
+
+
+
<
=2
=>
S
<
10 11 12 13 14 10 10 10 10 10
10 10
S=
(1) ( 0,5im) S=
(2) ( 0,5 im)
T (1) v (2) => 1 < S < 2

Bi 3:
Gi gi go np l a (ng/kg) ; khi lng go np mua l b (kg) (0,25 im)
Suy ra gi go t l
80
.a
10
; khi lng go t mua l
120
.b
100
S tin ngi th nht phi tr l a.b (ng)

S ting ngi th hai phi tr l
80
120
96
.a.
.b. =
100
100
100
( 0,25 im)
(0,25 im)
a.b
(0.75im)
Vy ngi th hai tr t tin hn ngi th nht . T l % t hn l:

96
.a.b : a.b = 4%
a.b
100
(0,5 im)
BI 4
V hnh chnh xc (0,5 im)
52

a. Bn im A,B, M, N thng hng v chng cng nm trn ng thng MN (0,5
im)
b. (1 im)
BM = AB AM = 2 (cm)
(0,25im)
M,N tia AB m BM > BN ( 2 > 1) => N nm gia B v M.

( 0,25 im)
MN = BM BN = 1 cm = BN.=> N l ng trung im ca BM .
(0,5 im).
c. ng trn tm N i qua B nn CN = NB = 1 cm
(0,25 im)
ng trn tm A i qua N nn AC = AN = AM + MN = 4 cm
(0.25 im)
Chu vi CAN = AC + CN = NA = 4 + 4+1= 9 (cm)
(0,5 im)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
53

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Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

iu kin ng a -1 ( 0,25 im).

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

< 1 (0,5 im).

r rng A< 1 nn theo a, nu

(10 11 1) +11 10 11 +10

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

tc Di-ric- l, phi c t nht 2 s d bng nhau. Cc s Bm -Bn, chia ht cho 10

b. Chng minh rng :

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Cu 3.S cam cn li sau ln bn th 2 l :

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Thi gian lm bi: 120

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

s th nht bng 11 s th 2 v bng

Thi gian lm bi 120 pht

( a<b) cng thm m n v vo t v mu th phn s mi ln hn

4. Cho s 155 * 710 * 4 *16 c 12 ch s . chng minh rng nu thay cc du * bi cc

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

b, Chng t rng: 2x + 3y chia ht cho 17 9x + 5y chia ht cho 17

) + 1:(30. 1009 160)

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Phn u ca bng nh trn . Hy in s vo ch trng sao cho tng 4 s 4 lin

Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht

Bi 3: (1,5) Cho a l mt s nguyn. Chng minh rng:

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht

in du x vo thch hp:( 1 im)

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Cu 1:Thc hin cc php tnh sau: (4 im)

Cu 2: (2 im) Mt qung ng AB trong 4 gi. Gi u i c

qung ng AB. Hi gi th t i my qung ng AB?

( a<b) cng thm m n v vo t v mu th phn s mi ln hn

4. Cho s 155 * 710 * 4 * 16 c 12 ch s . chng minh rng nu thay cc du * bi cc

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht (khng k thi gian chp )

- 5555571997. Chng minh rng A chia ht cho 5

s trang ca 1 quyn v loi 1. S

trang ca 4 quyn v loi 3 bng s trang ca 3 quyn v loi 2. Tnh s trang ca mi

1.5.6 + 2.10.12 + 4.20.24 + 9.45.54

p dng tnh tng :

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Cu 4. Cho 3 s 18, 24, 72.

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Cu 3(1,5): Tnh cc tng sau mt cch hp l.

Cu 4(1,5): Tng kt t thi ua k nim ngy nh gio Vit Nam 20/11, lp 6A c 43 bn

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

. Thm 4 n v vo phn s th nht th tch mi l

Cu 3: (2) Tm s t nhin x, bit:

Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht.

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

636363 .37 373737 .63

Mt hc sinh c quyn sch trong 3 ngy. Ngy th nht c c

s trang sch cn li; ngy th 3 c c 80% s trang sch

cn li v 3 trang cui cng. Hi cun sch c bao nhiu trang?

Thi gian lm bi:

Bi 1 (1,5): Dng 3 ch s 3; 0; 8 ghp thnh nhng s c 3 ch s:

b. Cho B = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3100

101+ 100 + 99 + 98 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1

Bi 4 (1,5): Tm hai ch s tn cng ca 2100.

Tuyn chn thi hc sinh gii ton 6

Vit tp hp M cc con ng i t A dn D ln lt qua B v C

4. Cho s 155 * 710 * 4 16 c 12 ch s . chng minh rng nu thay cc du bi cc

3. Cho 1s c 4 ch s: 26. in cc ch s thch hp vo du (*) c s c 4