B I Dư NG HSG Toán (

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www.mathvn.com - Bi tp bi dng HSG Ton 9 1
BI DNG HC SINH GII TON 9
THEO TNG DNG
DNG 1: RT GN TNH GI TR CA BIU THC
Bi 1: Cho biu thc
P =
( ) ( )
3
a 1
2
2
a
a 1 2
1
a 1 2
1
+
+

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm Min P.
Bi 2: Cho x, y l hai s khc nhau tha mn: x
2
+ y = y
2
+ x
Tnh gi tr biu thc : P =
1 - xy
xy
2
y
2
x + +

Bi 3: Tnh gi tr biu thc Q =
y x
y - x
+

Bit x
2
-2y
2
= xy v x 0; x + y 0
Bi 4: Cho biu thc
P =
3 x
3 x 2
x - 1
2 x 3
3 x 2 x
11 x 15
+
+
+
+

a) Tm cc gi tr ca x sao cho P =
2
1

b) Chng minh P
3
2

Bi 5: Cho biu thc
P =
a
2 a
2 a
1 a
2 a a
3 9a 3a
1

+
+
+
+
+

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca a P nguyn.
Bi 6: Cho biu thc
P =
2
a
16
a
8
- 1
4 - a 4 a 4 - a 4 a
+
+ +

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca a (a >8) P nguyn.
Bi 7: Cho biu thc
P =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 a
2
1 a
1
:
a a
1
1 a
a

a) Rt gn P.
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b) Tnh gi tr P khi a = 3 + 2 2
c) T m cc gi tr ca a sao cho P < 0.
Bi 8: Cho biu thc
P =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ x
2
x 2 x
1 x
:
x 4
8x
x 2
x 4

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tnh x P = -1
c) T m m vi mi gi tr x > 9 ta c m( x - 3)P > x + 1.
Bi 9: Cho biu thc
P =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ +
xy
y x
x xy
y
y xy
x
:
y x
xy - y
x
a) Tm x, y P c ngha.
b) Rt gn P.
c) Tm gi tr ca P vi x = 3, y = 4 + 2
3

Bi 10: Cho biu thc
P =
x
2007 x
1 x
1 4x x
1 x
1 - x
1 x
1 x
2
2
+

+
+
+
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

a) Tm x P xc nh.
b) Rt gn P.
c) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x P nguyn.
Bi 11: Rt gn P.
P =
2
2 2 4
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
b
b a a 4
:
b a a
b a a
b a a
b a a
+

+
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

Vi | a | >| b | > 0
Bi 12: Cho biu thc
P =
2
2
x 1
.
1 x 2 x
2 x
1 x
2 x
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+ +
+

a) Rt gn P.
b) Chng minh rng nu 0 < x < 1 th P > 0.
c) Tm GTLN ca P.
Bi 13: Chng minh gi tr ca biu thc
P =
6 x 5 x
10 x
3 x 4 x
1 x 5
2 x 3 x
2x
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ +

Khng ph thuc vo bin s x.
Bi 14: Chng minh gi tr ca biu thc
P =
x
x
x
+ +
+
+
5 2 . 5 4 9
3 4 7 . 3 2
4
6 3

Khng ph thuc vo bin s x.

Bi 15: Cho biu thc
P =
1 x
1 x x
x x
1 x x
x x
2 2
+ +
+
+
+ +

Rt gn P vi 0 x 1 .
Bi 16: Cho biu thc
P =
1 x
) 1 2(x
x
x 2x
1 x x
x x
2
+
+
+ +

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm GTNN ca P
c) Tm x biu thc Q =
P
x 2
nhn gi tr l s nguyn.
Bi 17: Cho biu thc
P =
1 x 2
x
1 x 2x
1 x
1 x
x x
1 x x
x x x 2x
+
+

+
|
|
.
|
\
|

a) Tm x P c ngha
b) Rt gn P.
c) Vi gi tr no ca x th biu thc P t GTNN v tm GTNN .

Bi 18: Rt gn biu thc
P =
5 3 10
5 3
5 3 10
5 3
+
+ +
+

Bi 19: Rt gn biu thc
a) A = 7 4 7 4 +
b) B = 5 2 10 4 5 2 10 4 + + + +
c) C = 5 3 2 15 4 15 4 + +
Bi 20: Tnh gi tr biu thc
P = 1 2 3 4 1 2 7 24 + + + + x x x x
Vi
2
1
x 5.
Bi 21: Chng minh rng:
P =
2 6
48 13 5 3 2
+
+ +

l mt s nguyn.
Bi 22: Chng minh ng thc:
1
2
3
1 1
2
3
1
2
3
1 1
2
3
1
=

+
+ +
+

Bi 23: Cho x =
3
7 2 5
3
7 2 5 +
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc f(x) = x
3
+ 3x
Bi 24: Cho E =
y x
xy 1
y x
xy 1
+
+

Tnh gi tr ca E bit:
x = 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . 8 4 + + + +
y =
45 27 2 18 3
20 12 2 8 3
+
+

Bi 25: Tnh P =
2008
2007
2
2008
2
2007
2
2007 1 +
+
+
Bi 26: Rt gn biu thc sau:
P =
5 1
1
+
+
9 5
1
+
+ ... +
2005 2001
1
+

Bi 27: Tnh gi ri ca biu thc:
P = x
3
+ y
3

- 3(x + y) + 2004 bit rng
x =
3
2 2 3
3
2 2 3 + +
y =
3
2 12 17
3
2 12 17 + +
Bi 28: Cho biu thc A = |
.
|
\
|

|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
a
a a
a
a
a
a 1
4
1
1
1
1

a) Rt gn A.
b) Tnh A vi a = (4 + 15 )( 10 - 6 ) 15 4
Bi 29: Cho biu thc
A =
( ) ( )
( )
|
.
|
\
|

+ +
1
1
1
1 4
1 4 1 4
2
x
x x
x x x x

a) x = ? th A c ngha.
b) Rt gn A.
Bi 30: Cho biu thc
P =
x x x
x
x x
x
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

a) Rt gn P.
b) So snh P vi
2
2
.
Bi 31: Cho biu thc
P =
1
2
1
3
1
1
+
+
+
+ x x x x x

a) Rt gn P.
b) Chng minh: 0 P 1.

Bi 32: Cho biu thc
P =
a
a
a
a
a a
a
+

3
1 2
2
3
6 5
9 2

a) Rt gn P.
b) a = ? th P < 1
c) Vi gi tr nguyn no ca a th P nguyn.
Bi 33: Cho biu thc
P =
x
x
y xy x x
x
y xy
x
1
1
2 2
2
2

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tnh P bit 2x
2
+ y
2
- 4x - 2xy + 4 = 0.
Bi 34: Cho biu thc
P =
x
x
y xy x x
x
y xy
x
1
1
2 2
2
2

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tnh P bit 2x
2
+ y
2
- 4x - 2xy + 4 = 0.
Bi 35: Cho biu thc
P =
y x xy
y y x x y x
y x y x y x
3 3
3 3
:
1 1 2 1 1
+
+ + +
+ +
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+

a) Rt gn P.
b) Cho xy = 16. Tm Min P.


DNG 2: BIN I NG NHT.

Bi 1: Cho a > b > 0 tha mn: 3a
2
+3b
2
= 10ab.
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: P =
b a
b a
+

Bi 2: Cho x > y > 0 v 2x
2
+2y
2
= 5xy
Tnh gi tr biu thc E =
y x
y x
+

Bi 3: 1) Cho a + b + c = 0
CMR: a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc
2) Cho xy + yz + zx = 0 v xyz 0
Tnh gi tr biu thc:
M =
2 2 2
z
xy
y
xz
x
yz
+ +

Bi 4: Cho a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
P = |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
a
c
c
b
b
a
1 1 1

Bi 5: a) Phn tch thnh nhn t:
(x + y + z)
3
- x
3
- y
3
-z
3

b) Cho cc s x, y, z tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 1 v x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
= 1 .
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: A = x
2007

+ y
2007
+ z
2007

Bi 6: Cho a + b + c = 0 v a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 14. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
P = a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4

Bi 7: Cho a, b l cc s thc dng tha mn:
a
100
+ b
100
=

a
101
+ b
101
= a
102
+ b
102

Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P = a
2007
+ b
2007

Bi 8: Cho
1 = +
b
y
a
x
v
2 =
ab
xy
. Tnh
3
3
3
3
b
y
a
x
+

Bi 9: Cho a + b + c = 0 . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc
P =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
c b a b c a a c b +
+
+
+
+

Bi 10: Cho
b a b
y
a
x
+
= +
1
4 4
; x
2
+ y
2
= 1. Chng minh rng:
a) bx
2
= ay
2
;
b)
1004 1004
2008
1004
2008
) (
2
b a b
y
a
x
+
= +

Bi 11: Chng minh rng nu xyz = 1 th:

xz z yz y xy x + +
+
+ +
+
+ + 1
1
1
1
1
1
= 1

Bi 12: Cho a + b + c = 0. Tnh gi tr biu thc:
A = (a b)c
3
+ (c a)b
3
+ (b c)a
3

Bi 13: Cho a, b, c i mt khc nhau. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
P =
) )( ( ) )( ( ) )( (
2 2 2
a c b c
c
a b c b
b
c a b a
a

+

+

Bi 14: Gi a, b, c l di ba cnh mt tam gic. Cho bit (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = 8abc
Chng minh: Tam gic cho l tam gic u.
Bi 15: Chng minh rng: Nu a,b,c khc nhau th:

a c c b b a b c a c
b a
a b c b
b c
c a b a
c b
=

+

+

2 2 2
) )( ( ) )( ( ) )( (

Bi 16: Cho bit a + b + c = 2p
Chng minh rng:
) )( )( (
1 1 1 1
c p b p a p p
abc
p c p b p a p
=

Bi 17: Cho a, b khc 0 tha mn a + b = 1. Chng minh :

3
) 2 ( 2
1 1
2 2 3 3
+
+
b a
ab
a
b
b
a

Bi 18: Cho 1 = + +
c
z
b
y
a
x
v 0 = + +
z
c
y
b
x
a

Tnh gi tr biu thc A =
2
2
2
2
2
2
c
z
b
y
a
x
+ +
Bi 19: Cho a, b, c i mt khc nhau v 0 =
+
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a

Tnh gi tr ca P =
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( c a
c
a c
b
c b
a

Bi 20: Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
a) x(y
2
z
2
) + y(z
2
x
2
) + z(x
2
y
2
)
b) x(y + z)
2
+ y(z + x)
2
+ z(x + y)
2
4xyz
Bi 21: Cho ba s phn bit a, b,c. Chng minh rng biu thc
A = a
4
(b c) + b
4
(c a) + c
4
(a b) lun khc 0.
Bi 22: Cho bn s nguyn tha mn iu kin: a + b = c + d v ab + 1 = cd
Chng minh: c = d.
Bi 23: Cho x , y l cc s dng tha mn iu kin: 9y(y x) = 4x
2
.
Tnh gi tr biu thc: A =
y x
y x
+

Bi 24: Cho x, y l cc s khc khc 0 sao cho 3x
2
y
2
= 2xy.
Tnh gi tr ca phn thc A =
2 2
6
2
y xy x
xy
+ +

Bi 25: Cho x, y, z khc 0 v a, b, c dng tho mn ax + by + cz = 0 v a + b +c = 2007.
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: P =
2 2 2
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( y x ab z x ac z y bc
cz by ax
+ +
+ +

Bi 26: Cho x, y, z khc 0 v x + y + z = 2008.
Tnh gi tr biu thc:
P =
) )( ( ) )( ( ) )( (
3 3 3
x z y z
z
z y x y
y
z x y x
x

+

+

Bi 27: Cho
= + +
= + +
= + +
1
1
1
3 3 3
2 2 2
z y x
z y x
z y x

Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: P = x
2007

+ y
2007

+ z
2007
.

Bi 28: Cho a, b, c l di cc cnh ca mt tam gic. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
P =
| |
| |
2 2
2 2
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
b c a c b a
c b a c b a
+ +
+ +

Bi 29: Cho biu thc P = (b
2
+ c
2
a
2
)
2
4b
2
c
2
.
Chng minh rng nu a, b, c l ba cnh ca mt tam gic th P < 0.
Bi 30: Cho cc s dng x, y ,z tha mn:

= + +
= + +
= + +
15
8
3
z x zx
z y yz
z y xy

Tnh gi tr biu thc: P = x + y + z.
Bi 31: Cho cc s x, y, z tha mn h phng trnh:

= + +
= + +
1
1
3 3 3
2 2 2
z y x
z y x

Tnh gi tr biu thc P = xyz. ( thi HSG tnh 2003)
Bi 32: a) Thu gn biu thc: P =
4 3 2
4 8 6 3 2
+ +
+ + + +

b) Tnh gi tr biu thc: Q =
y x
y x
+

Bit x
2
2y
2
= xy v y 0 , x + y 0. ( thi HSG tnh 2004-2005)
Bi 33: Chng minh rng nu: x + y + z = 0 th:
2(x
5
+ y
5
+ z
5
) = 5xyz(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
) ( thi HSG tnh 2005-2006)
Bi 34: Cho a, b, c l ba s dng tha mn iu kin: a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
.
a) So snh a v b + c.
b) So snh a
3
v b
3
+ c
3
. ( thi HSG tnh 2006-2007)
Bi 35: 1) Gii phng trnh: x
3
-6x 40 = 0
2) Tnh A =
3 3
2 14 20 2 14 20 + + ( thi HSG tnh 2006-2007)

DNG 3: PHNG TRNH BC HAI.

Bi 1: Cho phng trnh n s x: x
2
2(m 1)x 3 m = 0 (1)
a) Gii phng trnh khi m = 2.
b) Chng t rng phng trnh c nghim s vi mi m.
c) Tm m sao cho nghim s x
1,
x
2
ca phng trnh tha mn
iu kin
2
1
x +
2
2
x > 10.
Bi 2: Cho cc s a, b, c tha iu kin:
( )
+ < +
>
ac bc ab a c
c
2
0
2

Chng minh rng phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 lun lun c nghim.
Bi 3: Cho a, b, c l cc s thc tha iu kin: a
2
+ ab + ac < 0.
Chng minh rng phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 c hai nghim phn bit.
Bi 4: Cho phng trnh x
2
+ px + q = 0. Tm p, q bit rng phng trnh c hai
nghim x
1
, x
2
tha mn:
=
=
35
5
3
2
3
1
2 1
x x
x x

Bi 5: CMR vi mi gi tr thc a, b, c th phng trnh
(x a)(x b) + (x c)(x b) + (x c)(x a) = 0 lun c nghim.
Bi 6: CMR phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ( a = 0) c nghim bit rng 5a + 2c = b
Bi 7: Cho a, b, c l di cc cnh ca mt tam gic. CMR phng trnh sau c nghim:
(a
2
+ b
2
c
2
)x
2
- 4abx + (a
2
+ b
2
c
2
) = 0
Bi 8: CMR phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ( a = 0) c nghim nu 4
2
+ >
a
c
a
b

Bi 9: Cho phng trnh : 3x
2
- 5x + m = 0. Xc nh m phng trnh c hai nghim tha
mn:
2
1
x -
2
2
x =
9
5

Bi 10: Cho phng trnh: x
2
2(m + 4)x +m
2
8 = 0. Xc nh m phng trnh c hai
nghim x
1
, x
2
tha mn:
a) A = x
1
+ x
2
-3x
1
x
2
t GTLN
b) B = x
1
2
+ x
2
2
- t GTNN.
c) Tm h thc lin h gia x
1
,

x
2
khng ph thuc vo m.
Bi 11: Gi s x
1
,

x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh bc 2:
3x
2
- cx + 2c - 1 = 0. Tnh theo c gi tr ca biu thc:
S =
3
2
3
1
1 1
x x
+
Bi 12: Cho phng trnh : x
2
- 2 3 x + 1 = 0. C hai nghim l x
1
,

x
2.
Khng gii phng
trnh trn hy tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
A =
2
3
1
3
2 1
2
2 2 1
2
1
4 4
3 5 3
x x x x
x x x x
+
+ +

2
2(a - 1)x + 2a 5 = 0 (1)
1) CMR phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim vi mi gi tr ca a.
2) Tm gi tr ca a pt (1) c hai nghim x
1
,

x
2
tha mn iu kin:
x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= 6.
3) Tm gi tr ca a phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
,

x
2
tha mn iu kin:
x
1
< 1 <

x
2
.
2
2(m - 1)x + m 3 = 0 (1)
a) CMR phng trnh (1) c nghim vi mi gi tr ca m.
b) Gi x
1
,

x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh (1) .
Tm GTNN ca M = x
1
2
+ x
2
2

Bi 15: Cho a, b l hai s thc tha mn iu kin:

2
1 1 1
= +
b a

CMR t nht mt trong hai phng trnh sau phi c nghim:
x
2
+ ax + b = 0 v x
2
+ bx + a = 0.
2
2(m + 1)x + 2m +10 = 0 (1)
a) Gii v bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh (1) theo m.
b) Tm m sao cho 10x
1
x
2
+ x
1
2
+ x
2
2
t GTNN. Tm GTNN .
Bi 17: Chng minh rng vi mi s a, b, c khc 0, tn ti mt trong cc phng trnh
sau phi c nghim:
ax
2
+ 2bx + c = 0 (1)
bx
2
+ 2cx + a = 0 (2)
cx
2
+ 2ax + b = 0 (2)
2
(m - 1)x + m
2
+ m 2 = 0 (1)
a) CMR phng trnh (1) lun lun c nghim tri du vi mi gi tr ca m.
b) Vi gi tr no ca m, biu thc P = x
1
2
+ x
2
2
t GTNN.
2
2(m - 1)x 3 - m = 0 (1)
1) CMR phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim vi mi gi tr ca m.
2) Tm gi tr ca m pt (1) c hai nghim x
1
,

x
2
tha mn iu kin:
x
1
2
+ x
2
2
> 10.
3) Xc nh gi tr ca m phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
,

x
2
tha mn iu kin:
E = x
1
2
+ x
2
2
t GTNN.
Bi 20: Gi s phng trnh bc 2: x
2
+ ax + b + 1 = 0 c hai nghim nguyn dng.
CMR: a
2
+ b
2
l mt hp s.


DNG 4: PHNG TRNH BC CAO.
Gii phng trnh:
Bi 1: x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 2 2 x + 2 2 .
Bi 2: (x + 1)
4
= 2(x
4
+ 1)
Bi 3: 4(x + 5)(x + 6)(x + 10)(x + 12) = 3x
2

Bi 4: 3(x + 5)(x + 6)(x + 7) = 8x
Bi 5: (x + 2)(x + 3)(x - 7)(x - 8) = 144
Bi 6: (x + 2)
4
+ (x + 8)
4
= 272
Bi 7: a) (x + 2 )
4
+ (x + 1)
4
= 33 + 12 2
b) (x - 2)
6
+ (x - 4)
6
= 64
Bi 8: a) x
4
- 10x
3
+ 26x
2
- 10x + 1 = 0
b) x
4
+ 3x
3
- 14x
2
- 6x + 4 = 0
c) x
4
- 3x
3
+ 3x + 1 = 0
Bi 9: a) x
4
= 24x + 32
b) x
3
+ 3x
2
- 3x + 1 = 0
Bi 10: 1 9 8
3 5
= + x x
Bi 11: 1
2 5 3
7
2 3
2
2 2
=
+ +
+ x x
x
x x
x

Bi 12: x
2
+
( )
12
2
4
2
2
=
+ x
x

Bi 13: 20 0
1
4
48
1
2
5
1
2
2
2
2 2
=
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
x
x
x
x
x
x

Bi 14: a) 4
1
7
1 3
3
2 2
=
+ +
+
+ x x
x
x x
x

b)
15 12
4
15 6
15 10
2 2
2
+
=
+
+
x x
x
x x
x x

c)
4
1
5 6
5 5
5 4
5 3
2
2
2
2
=
+
+
+
+
x x
x x
x x
x x

Bi 15: a) x
2
+
( )
40
9
81
2
2
=
+ x
x

b) x
2
+
( )
15
1
2
2
=
+ x
x

Bi 16: a)
9
40
2
1 1
2 2
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
x
x
x
x

b) 0
1
4
2
5
1
2
1
2
2
2
2 2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
+
x
x
x
x
x
x

c) x. 15
1
8
1
8
= |
.
|
\
|
x
x
x
x
x

Bi 17: x
2
+
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
x
x
= 8( thi HSG V1 2004)
Bi 18: 2 3 1 5 1 = x x x
Bi 19: 2 7 1
3 3
= + + x x
Bi 20: 2 1 2 1 2 = + + x x x x
Bi 21: 3x
2
+ 21x + 18 + 2 2 7 7
2
= + + x x
Bi 22: a) (x - 2)
4
+ (x - 3)
4
= 1
b) x
4
+ 2x
3
- 6x
2
+ 2x + 1 = 0
c) x
4
+ 10x
3
+ 26x
2
+ 1 = 0
Bi 23: (x + 2)
2
+ (x + 3)
3
+ (x + 4)
4
= 2 ( thi HSG V1 2003)
Bi 24: a) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) = 3
b) (x
2
+ 3x - 4)(x
2
+ x - 6) = 24
Bi 25: a) x
3
- 6x + 4 = 0
b) x
4
- 4x
3
+ 3x
2
+ 2x - 1 = 0
Bi 26: a) x
4
+ 2x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 4x - 12 = 0
b) x
4
- 4x
3
- 10x
2
+ 37x - 14 = 0
Bi 27: 0
4
3
10
48
3
2
2
= |
.
|
\
|
+
x
x
x
x

Bi 28: a) Phn tch thnh nhn t: 2(a
2
+ b
2
) -5ab
b) Gii phng trnh: 2(x
2
+ 2) = 5 1
3
+ x
( thi HSG 1998)
Bi 29: 3
5 3
14
5 =
+

x
x
x
Bi 30: x
4
- 4 3 x -5 = 0 ( thi HSG 2000)
Bi 31: 0 5
2
4
2
4
=
+
x
x
x
( thi HSG V2 2003)
Bi 32: a) x
4
- 4x
3
- 19x
2
+ 106x - 120 = 0
b) (x
2
- x + 1)
4
- 10(x
2
- x + 1)
2
+9x
4
= 0
Bi 33: (x + 3 x + 2)(x + 9 x +18) = 168x ( thi HSG 2005)
Bi 34: a) x
2
+ 4x + 5 = 2 3 2 + x
b) 3 8
3
+ x = 2x
2
- 6x + 4
c) 2
3 2
4
2 =
+
+
x
x
Bi 35: 0 3 2 1
3 3 3
= + + + + + x x x
4
-4x
3
+8x = m
a) Gii phng trnh khi m = 5.
b) nh m phng trnh c 4 nghim phn bit.
Bi 37: Cho phng trnh (x + a)
4
+ (x + b)
4
= c. Tm iu kin ca a, b, c phng
trnh c nghim.
Bi 38: Gii phng trnh: x
4
+ 2x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 4x - 5 = 0
Bi 39: Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh: 4x
4
+ 8x
2
y + 3y
2
- 4y - 15 = 0.
Bi 40: x
2
+ 9x

+ 20 = 2 10 3 + x
Bi 41: x
2
+ 3x

+ 1 = (x + 3) 1
2
+ x
Bi 42: x
2
+ 2006 + x =2006
DNG 5: BT NG THC

Bi 1) Vi a, b > 0 th ab
b a
>
+
2
. Du ng thc xy ra khi no?
Bi 2) CMR vi 4 s a, b, x, y bt k ta c:
> + + ) )( (
2 2 2 2
y x b a (ax + by)
2
.Du ng thc xy ra khi no?
Bi 3) Cho a, b, c, d > 0. Cm: ( )( ) d b c a cd ab + + s +
Bi 4) CM bt ng thc:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
d b c a d c b a + + + > + + +
Bi 5) Cho a, b, c l cc s dng cm bt ng thc:

2
2 2 2
c b a
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a + +
>
+
+
+
+
+

Bi 6) CM vi mi n nguyn dng th:
2
1
2
1
...
2
1
1
1
> + +
+
+
+ n n n

Bi 7) Cho a
3
+ b
3
= 2. Cmr: a + b s 2.
Bi 8) Cho a, b, c tha mn: a + b + c = -2 (1)
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 2 (2)
CMR mi s a, b, c u thuc on

0 ;
3
4
khi biu din trn trc s.
Bi 9) Cho a, b, c tha mn h thc 2a + 3b = 5.
CMR: 2a
2
+ 3b
2
> 5.
Bi 10) Cho a, b l hai s tha mn iu kin: a + 4b = 1.
CM: a
2
+ 4b
2
>
5
1
. Du ng thc xy ra khi no? ( thi HSG 2003).
Bi 11) Chng minh:
3
1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
<
+ +
+ + +
( thi HSG 2001).

Bi 12) Chng minh:
a) > + + ) )( (
2 2 2 2
y x b a (ax + by)
2

b) 2 4 2 0 s + < x x
Bi 13) Cho a, b, c > 0. Cm:
2
3
>
+
+
+
+
+ b a
c
a c
b
c b
a

Bi 14) Cho
100
1
...
3
1
2
1
1 + + + + = S .
CMR: S khng l s t nhin.
Bi 15) a) Cho x, y dng. CMR:
y x y x +
> +
4 1 1
. Du bng xy ra khi no?
b) Tam gic ABC c chu vi
2
c b a
P
+ +
= .
Cm: |
.
|
\
|
+ + >
+
c b a c p b p a p
1 1 1
2
1 1 1

Du bng xy ra khi tam gic ABC c c im g?

Bi 16) a) CM x > 1 ta c: 2
1
>
x
x

b) Cho a > 1, b > 1. Tm GTNN ca:
1 1
2 2
=
a
b
b
a
P
Bi 17) Cho a, b, c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic.
CM: a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
< 2(ab + bc + ca)
Bi 18) CMR nu a, b, c > 0 v a + b + c = 1 th 9
1 1 1
> |
.
|
\
|
+ +
c b a
.
Bi 19) CMR nu a, b, c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic th:
ab + bc + ca s a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
< 2(ab + bc + ca)
Bi 20) Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l a, b, c v c chu vi l 2.
CMR: a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 2abc < 2.( thi HSG 2004-2005).
Bi 21) Cho a, b l 2 s thc tha mn iu kin: (a - 1)
2
+ ( b - 2)
2
= 5. Cm: a + 2b s 10.
Bi 22) Cho a, b l cc s thc tha mn iu kin a
2
+ b
2
= 4 + ab.
CMR: 8
3
8
2 2
s + s b a .
Du bng xy ra khi no?
Bi 23) CMR vi mi a, b > 0 tha mn ab = 1. Ta c BT: 3
2 1 1
>
+
+ +
b a b a

Bi 24) CMR nu:
a) 5 1 s s a th 10 5 4 1 3 s + a a
b) a + b 2 ; 0 1 ; 0 = + > + > b a b th 2 2 1 1 s + + + b a
Bi 25) Cho biu thc
1
4
1
1
1
3
2 3 4 5 3 4 3 4
+ +
+
=
x x x x x x x x x x x
P
CMR:
9
32
0 < < P vi 1 = x .
Bi 26) a) Cho a, b, k l cc s dng v
k b
k a
b
a
Cmr
b
a
+
+
< < : . 1
b) Cmr nu a, b, c l di 3 cnh ca mt tam gic th:
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a
+
+
+
+
+
< 2.
Bi 27) Cho cc s dng a, b tha mn iu kin a + b = 1.
Chng minh rng: 9
1
1
1
1 > |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
b a

( thi HSG V2 2003 - 2004)
Bi 28) Chng minh bt ng thc sau y ng vi mi x, y l cc s thc bt k khc 0:

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ > + +
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
x
3 4
2
2
2
2

DNG 6: CC TR

Bi 1) Cho hai s thc x, y tha mn iu kin: x
2
+ y
2
= 1.
Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc A = x + y.
Bi 2) Cho x, y > 0, x + y = 1. Tm GTNN ca P =
2 2
1 1
1 1
x y
| |
| |

| |
\ .
\ .

Bi 3) Cho P =
( )
2
2
2 1
1
x x
x
+ +
+
. Tm GTNN, GTLN ca P v cc gi tr tng ng ca x.
Bi 4) Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc A = (x
4
+ 1)(y
4
+ 1) bit x,y > 0, x + y = 10
Bi 5) Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc B = 2x + 3y bit 2x
2
+ 3y
2
5.
Bi 6) Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc P = x
2
+ y
2
. Bit x
2
(x
2
+2y
2
3) + (y
2
2)
2
= 1
Bi 7) Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc P =
2
2
1
1
x x
x x
+
+ +

Bi 8) Tm GTLN ca A = x + 2 x
Bi 9) Tm GTLN ca P =
x y z
y z x
+ + vi x, y, z > 0.
Bi 10) Tm GTLN ca P =
2 2
( 1990) ( 1991) x x +
Bi 11) Cho M = 3 4 1 15 8 1 a a a a + + +
a) Tm iu kin ca a M c xc nh.
b) Tm GTNN ca M v gi tr ca A tng ng.
Bi 12) Cho ba s dng x, y, z tha mn:

1 1 1
2
1 1 1 x y z
+ + >
+ + +
. Tm GTNN ca P = x.y.z.

Bi 13) Tm GTNN ca P =
2 1
1 x x
+

Bi 14) Cho x, y tha mn x
2
+ 4y
2
= 25. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca biu thc
P = x + 2y.
Bi 15) Cho x, y l hai s tha mn: x + 2y = 3.
Tm GTNN ca E = x
2
+ 2y
2
.
Bi 16) Cho x > 0, y > 0 tha mn: x + y s 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc
P =
2 2
1
x y +
+
2
xy
+ 4xy
Bi 17) Tm GTLN v GTNN ca: P =
2
2
1
1
x x
x
+ +
+
vi x bt k.
Bi 18) Cho x, y l hai s dng tha mn: x + y s 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc
A =
2 2
1 2
x y xy
+
+

Bi 19) Cho x,y > 0; x + y = 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc P =
2
2
1 1
x y
x y
| |
| |
+ + +
| |
\ .
\ .

Bi 20) Cho x,y > 0; x + y = 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc P = 2(x
4
+ y
4
) +
1
4xy

Bi 21) Cho x,y > 0; x + y = 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc P =
1 1
1 1
x y
| |
| |
+ +
| |
\ .
\ .

Bi 22) Cho x, y l hai s dng tha mn: x
2
+ y
2
= 4.
Tm GTNN ca biu thc P =
2
2
1 1
x y
y x
| |
| |
+ + +
| |
\ .
\ .

Bi 23) Cho ba s dng a, b, c c a + b + c = 1. Tm GTNN ca biu thc:
E =
2 2 2
1 1 1
a b c
a b c
| | | | | |
+ + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Bi 24) Cho a, b l hai s thc bt k c tng bng 1. Tm GTNN ca:
P = a
3
+ b
3
Bi 25) Cho a, b l hai s dng tha a + b = 1.
Tm GTNN ca P =
1 1
1 1 a b
+
+ +

Bi 26) Cho hai s x, y tha mn xy = 2. Tm GTNN ca P =
2 2
x y
x y
+

Bi 27) Cho hai s dng x, y c x + y = 1. Tm GTNN ca
P = 8(x
4
+ y
4
) +
1
xy

Bi 28) Cho x, y lin h vi nhau bi h thc: x
2
+ 2xy + 7(x + y) + 2y
2
+10 = 0
Tm GTNN, GTLN ca biu thc S = x + y + 1
Bi 29) Tm GTNN, GTLN ca biu thc S = x x + y y bit x + y = 1
Bi 30) Tm GTNN ca biu thc P =
2
2
2 2000 x x
x
+

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