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SC BN VT LIU 2 SC BN VT LIU 2
Trn Minh T i hc Xy dng H ni

Chapter 8

B mn Sc bn Vt liu Khoa Xy dng Dn dng & Cng nghip

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Chng 8

n nh ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm

Chapter 8

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n nh ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm 8.1. Khi nim v n nh ca h n hi 8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm 8.3. Gii hn p dng ca cng thc Euler - n nh ca thanh lm vic ngoi gii hn n hi 8.4. Phng php thc hnh tnh n nh thanh chu nn

Chapter 8

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8.1. Khi nim chung

Sc bn vt liu: nghin cu s chu lc ca vt liu => phng php tnh ton, thit k cc b phn cng trnh nhm tho mn: iu kin bn, iu kin cng v iu kin n nh SB1: iu kin bn v iu kin cng iu kin n nh ??? Khi nim v n nh
n nh tm l Phong n nh n nh kinh t, chnh tr, x hi,

n nh l kh nng bo ton trng thi cn bng ban u ca kt cu

Chapter 8
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8.1. Khi nim chung (2)

n nh v tr ca vt th hnh cu

Trng thi cn bng n nh

Trng thi cn bng khng n nh

P R

n nh h n hi
- Thanh thng, di, mnh, mt u ngm, mt u chu nn ng tm bi lc P - Nhiu ng: ti trng ngang bt k (gi), khuyt tt vt liu, s lch tm ca lc P, cong trc thanh, => M hnh ho bi lc ngang R

Chapter 8

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8.1. Khi nim chung (3)

- Tc dng ln thanh lc P nh: thanh thng, chu nn ng tm. Xut hin nhiu ng R => thanh cong. R trit tiu => thanh tr li trng thi thng ban u: Thanh trng thi cn bng n nh - Tng dn lc P: thanh thng, chu nn ng tm. Xut hin nhiu ng R => thanh cong. R trit tiu => thanh vn cong, khng tr li trng thi thng ban u: Thanh trng thi cn bng khng n nh - Tn ti trng thi trung gian (chuyn tip) gia hai trng thi n nh v mt n nh: trng thi ti hn. Ti trng tng ng gi l ti trng ti hn Pth Chapter 8
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P R

Pth

P R

Trng thi cn bng n nh

Trng thi c.b khng n nh

Trng thi ti hn

6(30)

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8.1. Khi nim chung (4)

- Khi P>Pth: h mt n nh, xut hin m men un do lc dc gy nn => bin dng h tng nhanh => H b sp - Thit k theo iu kin n nh:
P R

Pth P kod
k - h s an ton v n nh

Trng thi mt n nh

- Xc nh Pth ???
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Chapter 8

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8.1. Khi nim chung (5)

Chapter 8

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Chapter 8

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Chapter 8

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8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm (Bi ton Euler)

- Thanh thng, hai u lin kt khp chu nn ng tm => Xc nh lc ti hn - Bi ton do Leonard Euler gii nm 1774

Chapter 8

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8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm (Bi ton Euler)

- Khi ti trng P t ti Pth => thanh cong (mt n nh), gi s cong trong mt phng yOz - Xt mt ct ngang to z, cc thnh phn ng lc trn mt ct ngang: Nz v Mx

M x = Pth . y

- Gi thit: mt n nh, vt liu thanh vn lm vic trong giai on n hi: Phng trnh vi phn gn ng ng n hi:

Mx
N y

Mx y = EI x
''

Pth y + y=0 EI x
''

y '' + 2 y = 0

Nghim tng qut: Chapter 8

y = C1 sin z + C2 cos z
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8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm (Bi ton Euler)

- Cc hng s tch phn C1, C2 xc nh t iu kin bin - z=0 => y=0 =>
- z=L => y=0 =>

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C1.0 + C2 .1 = 0 C1.sin L + C2 .cos L = 0

det A = sin L = 0
n 2 2 EI x Pth = L2
- Lc ti hn trong mt phng yOz

- Nu mt n nh trong mt phng xOz:

Pth =

n 2 2 EI y L2

Lc ti hn l lc nh nht:

Pth =

2 EI min
L2
13(30)

Chapter 8

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Cc dng mt n nh

Chapter 8

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8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm (Bi ton Euler)

Lin kt hai u khc nhau => h s nh hng lin kt

2 EI min Pth = 2 ( L)

Cng thc Euler

khp - khp

ngm t do ngm khp

ngm ngm trt

=1 = 0,5
Chapter 8
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=2 = 0,7
15(30)

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8.2. Xc nh lc ti hn ca thanh thng chu nn ng tm (Bi ton Euler)

ng sut ti hn

Pth EI min E = = 2 th = 2 A ( L) A
2 2

2E th = 2
rmin =
= b 12

trong :

L
rmin
Ix h = A 12

mnh

I min A

- Hnh ch nht: r = x

ry =

Iy A

=> rmin

D rmin = rx = ry = - Hnh trn: 4 D 1+2 - Hnh vnh khn: rmin = rx = ry = 4

Chapter 8

d D
16(30)

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8.3. Gii hn p dng cng thc Euler - n nh ca thanh lm vic ngoi gii hn n hi
Khi thnh lp cng thc Euler - gi thit: mt n nh, vt liu thanh lm vic trong min n hi. Ngha l:

2E th = 2 tl

2E = 0 tl

- mnh gii hn Gang: 0=80 Thp CT5: 0=90 Thp CT3: 0=100

=> mnh gii hn ph thuc E, tl

Gii hn p dng cng thc Euler: 0 thanh c mnh ln Khi <0 thanh mt n nh ngoi min n hi - Thanh mnh va: 1 0 => Ct thc nghim Iasinxki a, b - hng s vt liu th = a b - Thanh mnh b: 0 1

th = 0
Chapter 8

= b vt liu gin, ch vt liu do

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8.3. Gii hn p dng cng thc Euler - n nh ca thanh lm vic ngoi gii hn n hi thi th -

th 0 tl
ng thng Iasinxki

Hyperbol Euler

1
Chapter 8

18(30)

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8.3. Gii hn p dng cng thc Euler - n nh ca thanh lm vic ngoi gii hn n hi Nu lin kt trong 2 mt phng qun tnh chnh trung tm khc nhau: =max (tnh t x, y)

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8.4. Tnh thanh chu nn ng tm theo phng php thc hnh

iu kin bn

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P 0 = [ ] n A n

P = [ ] n A
iu kin n nh theo phng php thc hnh

iu kin n nh

P th = = [ ] od A kod
Ba bi ton c bn - Kim tra iu kin n nh

- h s gim ng sut cho php

[ ]od = [ ]n
A

tra bng theo mnh v vt liu

th n = <1 0 k0 d
P

P [ ] n A
- Xc nh kch thc mt ct ngang - Xc nh ti trng cho php Chapter 8

[ ] n

=> th dn

P A[ ] n
20(30)

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Bng tra h s gim ng sut cho php

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V d 8.1
Thanh mt ct ngang hnh vnh khn chu nn ng tm nh h.v 1.Tnh mnh ca thanh. 2.Kim tra iu kin n nh ca thanh. Bit D=7,6 cm ; d=6,4 cm ; H= 3m ; F=150 kN ; Thanh c lm bng vt liu c tl=54 kN/cm2; E=2,15x104 kN/cm2; H s an ton v n nh k=3,5
1-1 1 1

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V d 8.1
1. mnh ca thanh
= 0,7 L=3m=300cm
2

L
rmin

rmin
7,6 7,6 1+ 3 4 6, 2

D = rx = ry = 1+2 4

rmin =

0,7.300 = = 70 3
2. Kim tra iu kin n nh
1-1 1 1

2E 2 .2,15.104 = = 62,7 0 = tl 54

> 0

=> Tnh theo Euler

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Chapter 8

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V d 8.1
2 E 2 .2,15.104 th = 2 = = 53,9(kN / cm 2 ) 62,7 2
iu kin n nh:

F th = A ko.d
Thay s:

A=

.7,62
4

.6,42
4

13,2(cm 2 )

150 53,9 2 = 11,36(kN / cm ) < = 15.4(kN / cm 2 ) 13,2 3,5

=> Thanh tha mn iu kin bn
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Chapter 8

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V d 8.2
Cho h thanh chu lc nh hnh v. 1.Tnh lc dc trong thanh CD . 2. Xc nh ti trng cho php [q] theo iu kin n nh ca CD. Bit a =1 m ; =600; Thanh CD tit din hnh ch nht bxh =6x8 cm2; chiu di thanh CD l 175 cm; []=1,2 KN/cm2 ; Bng quan h - :
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 0,60 0,48 0,38 0,31 0,25 0,22 0,18 0,16 0,14 0,12
B q C

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V d 8.2
1.Tnh lc dc trong thanh CD .

= N CD .3a.sin q.2a.2a = 0

B q C

N CD

4qa 8qa = = 3sin 3 3

NCD
=1 L=175cm

2. Xc nh ti trng cho php [q]

mnh ca thanh

L
rmin

rmin

b 6 = = = 3 1,73 12 12

0,31 0,25 1.175 .1,02 0,3 101,2 => tra bng, ni suy: = 0,31 10 1,73
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Chapter 8

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V d 8.2
iu kin n nh ca thanh CD:

N CD [ ]n A

8qa [ ]n 3 3bh

3 3.b.h. .[ ]n 8a

3 3.6.8.0,3.1,2 = 0,1122(kN / cm) 2 8.10

[ q ] = 11,22kN / m

Chapter 8

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Chapter 8

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Chapter 8

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Cu hi ???

Chapter 8

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