TKBG Hoa Hoc 9 Tap 2

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cao c gic (Ch bin) v minh h
Thit k Bi ging
ha hc
Trung hc c s
Tp hai
Nh xut bn H Ni 2005
1
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373 373 (V) M s : HN 05 2 02dGV/778/05
Chng 3 - phi kim. s lc v bng tun hon
cc nguyn t ho hc (tip)
Tit 37
Axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat
A. Mc tiu
HS bit c: Axit cacbonic l axit yu, khng bn. Mui cacbonat c nhng tnh cht ca mui nh: tc dng vi axit, vi dung dch mui, vi dung dch kim. Ngoi ra mui cacbonat d b phn hu nhit cao gii phng kh cacbonic. Mui cacbonat c ng dng trong sn xut, i sng.
b. Chun b ca GV v HS
GV:
Bng nhm, nam chm. Chun b cc th nghim sau:
NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl; Tc dng ca Na2CO3 v dung dch Ca(OH)2; Tc dng ca Na2CO3 v dung dch CaCl2. Dng c: Gi ng nghim; ng nghim; ng ht; Kp g. Ho cht: Cc dung dch: Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaHCO3, HCl, Ca(OH)2, CaCl2. Tranh v: chu trnh cacbon trong t nhin.
3
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Hot ng 1 I. axit cacbonic (H2CO3) (10 pht) 1) Trng thi t nhin v tnh cht vt l GV: Gi mt HS c mc ny HS: T tm tt v ghi vo v. trong SGK, sau , yu cu HS tm tt v ghi vo v. 2) Tnh cht ho hc GV: Thuyt trnh, HS ghi bi HS: ghi bi vo v. H2CO3 l mt axit yu, dung dch H2CO3 lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu . H2CO3 l mt axit khng bn, d b phn hu ngay thnh CO2 v H2O: H2CO3 Hot ng 2 II. Mui cacbonat (20 pht) 1) Phn loi GV: Gii thiu: c 2 loi mui: cacbonat trung ho v cacbonat axit. GV: Yu cu HS ly v d v HS: Ly v d: cc mui cacbonat, phn loi Mui cacbonat trung ho theo 2 mc trn v gi tn. V d: Na2CO3: natri cacbonat
4
H2O + CO2
CaCO3: canxi cacbonat MgCO3: magie cacbonat BaCO3: bari cacbonat. Mui cacbonat axit (hirocacbonat) V d: NaHCO3: natri hirocacbonat Ca(HCO3)2: canxi hirocacbonat. GV: Gii thiu ni dung, HS HS: Ghi bi. ghi bi. 2) Tnh cht a) Tnh tan a s mui cacbonat khng tan trong nc, tr mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim nh Na2CO3, K2CO3... Hu ht cc mui hirocacbonat u tan trong nc. b) Tnh cht ho hc
Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS HS: Tin hnh lm th nghim theo nhm. tin hnh th nghim: cho dung dch NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 ln lt tc dng vi dung dch HCl. GV: Gi i din cc nhm HS HS: Nhn xt hin tng: C bt kh thot nu hin tng. ra c hai ng nghim. GV: Yu cu HS vit cc HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: phng trnh phn ng (cho i NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 (dd) (dd) (dd) (l) (k) din HS vit vo bng nhm). Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
(dd) (dd) (dd) (l) (k)
GV: Gi HS nu nhn xt.
HS: Nhn xt: Mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui mi v gii phng kh CO2.
Tc
dng vi dung dch baz
GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Tin hnh th nghim theo nhm. nghim cho dung dch K2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 GV gi i din cc nhm nu hin tng ca th nghim. HS: Nu hin tng: C vn c trng xut hin. GV: Yu cu HS vit phng HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: trnh phn ng gii thch. K2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 2KOH + CaCO3
(trng)
GV: Gi HS nu nhn xt.
HS: Nhn xt: Mt s dung dch mui cacbonat phn ng vi dung dch baz to thnh mui cacbonat khng tan v baz mi.
GV: Gii thiu vi HS: mui HS: Ghi bi. hiro cacbonat tc dng vi kim to thnh mui trung ho v nc GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh phn ng. HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
(dd) (dd) (dd) (l)
Tc
dng vi dung dch mui
GV: Hng dn cc nhm HS HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm. lm th nghim: cho dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch CaCl2 GV gi HS nu hin tng, v vit phng trnh phn ng v nhn xt. HS: Nu hin tng: C vn c trng xut hin. Phng trnh: Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
(dd) (dd) (r) (dd)
Nhn xt: Dung dch mui cacbonat c th tc dng vi mt s dung dch mui khc to thnh hai mui mi.
Mui
cacbonat b nhit phn hu
GV: Gii thiu tnh cht ny.
Nhiu mui cacbonat (tr cc mui cacbonat trung ho ca kim loi kim) b nhit phn hu, gii phng kh cacbonic.
GV: Hng dn HS vit HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: to phng trnh phn ng. 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
t Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
o
(dd)
o
(r)
(k)
t CaCO3 CaO + CO2
(r)
(r)
(k)
GV: C th hng dn HS lm th nghim phn tnh cht ho hc v ghi hin tng theo bng sau:
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TT
Ni dung th nghim
Hin tng + Phng trnh phn ng
Cho dung dch NaHCO3, Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl
C bt kh thot ra: Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2
Dung dch K2CO3 tc dng vi Ca(OH)2
C vn c trng xut hin: K2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 2KOH + CaCO3

(trng)
Dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch CaCl2
C vn c trng xut hin: Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl

(trng)
3) ng dng GV: Yu cu cc em HS c HS: Ghi cc ng dng ca cc mui cacbonat. SGK v nu cc ng dng. Hot ng 3 III. Chu trnh cacbon trong t nhin (5 pht) GV: Gii thiu chu trnh ca HS: Quan st tranh v, nghe v ghi bi cacbon trong t nhin (s dng ging (hoc quan st tranh v ri t ghi bi). tranh v hnh 3.17). Hot ng 4 luyn tp cng c (8 pht) GV: Yu cu HS lm bi luyn tp 1 trong phiu hc tp vo v hoc bng nhm. Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng HS: Lm bi tp 1: nh s th t cc l php phn bit cc cht bt: ho cht v ly mu th. CaCO3, NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, NaCl.
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GV: Treo bng nhm ca HS Cho nc vo cc ng nghim v lc u: ln bng v gi HS nhn xt. Nu thy cht bt khng tan l CaCO3.
Nu thy cht bt tan to thnh dung dch l: NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, NaCl. un nng cc dung dch va thu c. Nu thy c hin tng si bt, ng thi c kt ta (vn c) l dung dch Ca(HCO3)2:
t Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
o
(dd)
(r)
(k)
Nu thy c bt kh thot ra l NaHCO3 v:

t 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
o
(dd)
(dd)
(k)
Nu khng c hin tng g l NaCl.

GV: Tip tc hng dn cc nhm HS lm bi tp 2. Bi tp 2: Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng theo s :
1 2 C CO2 Na2CO3
3 4
BaCO3 NaCl HS: Lm bi tp vo v.

t 1) C + O2 CO2
o
2) CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 3) Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2NaOH 4) Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
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GV: Gi HS ln bng lm bi tp sau , gi HS khc ln nhn xt. Hot ng 5 (2 pht) Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK tr. 91). Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php phn bit cc cht bt: CaCO3, NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, NaCl Bi tp 2: Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng theo s : C 1 CO2 2 Na2CO3 3 BaCO3
4
NaCl
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Tit 38
a. Mc tiu
Silic. cng nghip silicat
1. Kin thc HS bit c:

Silic l phi kim hot ng ho hc yu. Silic l cht bn dn. Silic ioxit l cht c nhiu trong t nhin di dng t st trng,
cao lanh, thch anh... Silic ioxit l mt oxit axit.

T cc vt liu chnh l t st, ct kt hp vi cc vt liu khc v vi
k thut khc nhau, cng nghip silicat sn xut ra sn phm c nhiu ng dng nh: gm, s, xi mng, thu tinh... 2. K nng
c thu thp nhng thng tin v silic, silic ioxit v cng nghip silicat. Bit s dng kin thc thc t xy dng kin thc mi.
B. Chun b ca GV v HS
HS:
Bng nhm: Cc mu vt (hoc tranh nh) v:
gm, s, thu tinh, xi mng. Sn xut gm, s, thu tinh, xi mng. Mu vt: t st, ct trng.
c. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (15 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS1: Tr li l thuyt:
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Nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca mui cacbonat. Gi 2 HS ln bng cha bi tp HS2: Cha bi tp 3 (SGK tr. 90). 3, 4 (SGK tr. 90) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc:
t 1) C + O2 CO2
o
2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 3) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 HS3: Cha bi tp 4 (SGK tr. 90). Nhng cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l: a) H2SO4 + 2KHCO3 K2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 c) MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 d) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaCl e) Ba(OH)2 + K2CO3 BaCO3 + 2KOH V: cc cp cht trn u c phn ng vi nhau (theo tnh cht ho hc), sau phn ng c sinh ra cht kh (hoc cht rn) tch ra khi dung dch. GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, GV chm im. Hot ng 2 I. Silic (7 pht) 1) Trng thi t nhin GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS c HS: Tho lun nhm: SGK, tho lun nhm nu trng Silic l nguyn t ph bin th hai sau thi t nhin, tnh cht ca silic oxi. (vit vo v v bng nhm)
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GV tng kt li.
Silic chim 1/4 khi lng v tri t. Trong thin nhin, silic khng tn ti dng n cht m ch dng hp cht.
Cc hp cht ca silic tn ti nhiu l ct trng, t st (cao lanh). GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS HS: Quan st mu vt v nhn xt. quan st mu vt v nhn xt cc tnh cht vt l. 2) Tnh cht
Silic l cht rn mu xm, kh nng chy. C v sng ca kim loi. Dn in km. Tinh th silic tinh khit l cht bn dn.
L phi kim hot ng yu hn cacbon, clo. Tc dng vi oxi nhit cao:

t Si + O2 SiO2
o
(r)
(k)
(r)
Silic c dng lm vt liu bn dn trong k thut in t v c dng ch to pin mt tri.
Hot ng 3 II. Silic ioxit (SiO2) (5 pht) GV: t vn : SiO2 thuc loi hp cht no? V sao? Tnh cht ho hc ca n? GV: Yu cu cc nhm tho HS: Tho lun nhm, ni dung phi c lun nhm v ghi li kin ca nu nh sau: nhm mnh vo bng nhm. SiO2 l oxit axit.
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Tnh cht ho hc ca SiO2 l:
Tc dng vi kim( nhit cao)

t SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O
o
Natri silicat
Tc dng vi oxit baz ( nhit cao)

t SiO2 + CaO CaSiO3
o
Canxi silicat
SiO2 khng phn ng vi nc to thnh axit.

GV: Dn bng nhm ca 1 2 nhm ln bng ri gi HS khc ln nhn xt GV tng kt. Hot ng 4 III. S lc v cng nghip silicat (15 pht) GV: Gii thiu: cng nghip silicat gm sn xut gm, thu tinh, xi mng t nhng hp cht thin nhin ca silic (nh ct, t st...). 1) Sn xut gm, s GV: Yu cu HS quan st mu HS: Quan st mu vt, tranh nh, sau , vt, tranh nh, ri k tn cc tho lun nhm theo ni dung m GV sn phm ca ngnh cng hng dn. nghip sn xut gm, s. GV: Yu cu cc nhm tho HS: K tn cc sn phm gm: gch, lun nhm v ghi vo bng ngi, gch chu la, snh, s. nhm cc ni dung sau: K tn cc sn phm gm, a) Nguyn liu chnh s: t st, thch anh, fenpat.
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a) Nguyn liu sn xut b) Cc cng on chnh
b) Cc cng on chnh
Nho t st, thch anh v fenpat vi c) K tn cc c s sn xut nc to thnh bt do ri to hnh, sy gm, s Vit Nam. kh thnh cc vt. Nung cc vt trong l nhit cao thch hp. c) C s sn xut Cc c s sn xut gm, s nh: Bt Trng (H Ni). Cng ty s Hi Dng, ng Nai, Sng B... GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS c SGK v tho lun nhm (phn xi mng) theo cc ni dung sau:
Thnh phn chnh ca xi mng. Nguyn liu chnh. Cc cng on chnh. C s sn xut xi mng nc ta.
HS: Tho lun nhm theo cc ni dung m GV hng dn. 2) Sn xut xi mng Thnh phn chnh ca xi mng l canxi silicat v canxi aluminat. a) Nguyn liu chnh: t st (c SiO2).
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vi (CaCO3); ct... b) Cc cng on chnh: SGK. c) Cc c s sn xut nc ta Nh my xi mng Hi Dng. Nh my xi mng Hi Phng, H Nam, H Tin... 3) Sn xut thu tinh GV: Cho HS quan st cc mu HS: Nu cc ni dung: thnh phn chnh vt bng thu tinh, c SGK v ca thu tinh thng gm hn hp ca natri silicat (Na2SiO3) v canxi silicat nu cc ni dung sau: (CaSiO3). Thnh phn ca thu tinh.
Nguyn liu chnh. Cc cng on chnh. Cc c s sn xut.
a) Nguyn liu chnh: Ct thch anh (ct trng). vi: CaCO3 . Sa: Na2CO3. b) Cc cng on chnh: Trn hn hp ct, vi, sa theo t l thch hp. Nung trong l nung khong 900O thnh thu tinh dng nho. Lm ngui t t, sau p, thi thu tinh do thnh cc vt. Phng trnh:
t CaCO3 CaO + CO2
o
t CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3

o
t Na2CO3 + SiO2 Na2SiO3 + CO2

o
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c) Cc c s sn xut GV: Gi cc em HS pht biu Nc ta c cc nh my sn xut thu ln lt tng phn. tinh Hi Phng, H Ni, Bc Ninh, Nng, thnh ph H Ch Minh. Hot ng 5 Cng c (4 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nhc li cc HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi. ni dung chnh ca bi. Hot ng 6 (1 pht)
Dn d, ra bi tp v nh. Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK tr. 95).
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Tit 39
S lc v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
A. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc HS bit: a) Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. b) Cu to bng tun hon gm: nguyn t, chu k, nhm.
nguyn t cho bit: s hiu nguyn t, k hiu ho hc, tn nguyn t, nguyn t khi. Chu k: Gm cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh hng ngang theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. Nhm: gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c xp thnh mt ct dc theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
c) Quy lut bin i tnh cht trong chu k, nhm. p dng vi chu k 2, 3, nhm I, VII. d) Da vo v tr ca nguyn t (20 nguyn t u) suy ra cu to nguyn t, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t v ngc li. 2. K nng HS bit: a) D on tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t khi bit v tr ca n trong bng tun hon. b) Bit cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t suy ra v tr v tnh cht ca n.
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GV:
Bng tun hon (phng to treo trc lp, gn bng). nguyn t phng to. Chu k 2, 3 phng to. Nhm I, nhm VII phng to. S cu to nguyn t (phng to) ca mt s nguyn t.
HS: n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t lp 8.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c (5 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt mt HS: Cng nghip silicat l g? K tn mt s ngnh cng nghip silicat v nguyn liu chnh. Hot ng 2 I. gii thiu v bng tun hon v gi tr ca bng tun hon (3 pht) GV: Gii thiu v bng h HS: Nghe v ghi bi: bng h thng tun thng tun hon v nh bc hc hon c hn mt trm nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht Meneleep. GV gii thiu c s sp xp nhn nguyn t. ca bng h thng tun hon. HS: Tr li l thuyt.
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Hot ng 3 II. Cu to bng tun hon (25 pht) GV: Gii thiu khi qut bng h thng tun hon:
. Chu k. Nhm.
Sau treo s ln bng: 12 (phng to) yu cu HS quan st v nhn xt. HS: Nhn xt: 1) nguyn t nguyn t cho bit: S hiu nguyn t (s th t ca nguyn t): s hiu nguyn t c s tr bng s n v in tch ht nhn v bng s electron trong nguyn t. K hiu ho hc. Tn nguyn t Nguyn t khi. GV: Gi mt HS gii thch cc V d: nguyn t Mg: k hiu, cc con s trong S hiu nguyn t ca magie l 12 cho nguyn t Mg. bit: + Mg s 12 + in tch ht nhn l + 12 + C 12 electron lp v
K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t: Mg.

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Tn nguyn t: Magie. Nguyn t khi: 24.

GV: Yu cu HS quan st cc 13, 15, 17 v cho bit ngha ca cc con s, k hiu trong cc . 2) Chu k GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS quan st bng h thng tun hon (nh) trong SGK, ng thi quan st s cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t H, O, Na, Li, Cl, Mg, C, N... v tho lun v cc ni dung sau:
Bng h thng tun hon c bao nhiu chu k, mi chu k c bao nhiu hng? in tch ht nhn cc nguyn t trong mt chu k thay i nh th no? S lp e ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c c im g?
HS: Tho lun nhm v cc ni dung m GV a ra. GV: Gi i din cc nhm nu kin ca mnh (hoc treo bng nhm ln bng) v nhn xt.
21
HS: Nu cc kin ca nhm mnh, trong c cc ni dung nh sau:
Bng h thng tun hon c 7 chu k, trong :

+ Chu k 1, 2, 3 mi chu k c mt hng (chu k nh) + Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 (chu k ln)
Trong mt chu k, t tri sang phi in tch ht nhn tng dn. S lp electron ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k bng nhau v bng s th t ca chu k.
GV: Gi mt HS nu nhn xt HS: Nu nhn xt: trong SGK (v chu k) Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron v c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn. S th t ca chu k bng s lp electron. 3) Nhm GV: Yu cu HS quan st bng HS: Tho lun nhm theo cc ni dung h thng tun hon, ng thi m GV nu. quan st s cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: Na, K, H, Cl, F... v tho lun vi cc ni dung sau:
Bng h thng tun hon c

bao nhiu nhm?
22
Trong cng mt nhm, in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thay i nh th no? S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c c im g ging nhau?
GV: Gi i din cc nhm HS: Nu kin nhn xt: trnh by kin ca nhm Bng h thng tun hon c 8 nhm mnh. Cc nhm khc nhn c nh s th t t I VIII. xt. S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bng nhau v bng s th t ca nhm. GV: Gi mt HS nu nhn xt HS: Nu nhn xt: trong SGK tr.97. Nhm gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau (Do c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau), c xp thnh ct theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. Hot ng 4 Luyn tp cng c (10 pht) GV: Yu cu HS nhc li ni HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi. dung cn nh trong bi. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp s 1 (trong Phiu hc tp) Bi tp 1: Cho cc nguyn t HS: Lm bi tp 1. c s th t: 15, 14, 20, 19
23
trong bng h thng tun hon. Em hy cho bit: 1) V tr ca cc nguyn t trn trong bng h thng tun hon:
S th t, tn nguyn t, k hiu. Chu k Nhm.

2) c im v cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t :
in tch ht nhn. S proton trong ht nhn. S electron. S lp electron. S electron lp ngoi.

GV: C th hng dn HS lm bi tp trn bng cch in cc s liu cn thit vo bng sau:
K hiu trong bng HTTH V tr trn bng HTTH Tn nguyn t Khi lng nguyn t Chu k in tch ht nhn Cu to nguyn t S lp e S e lp ngoi
STT
Nhm
S p
S e
Si P K Ca
Silic Photpho Kali Canxi
28 31 39 40
14 15 19 20
3 3 4 4
IV V I II
4+ 15 + 19 + 20 +
14 15 19 20
14 15 19 20
3 3 4 4
4 5 1 2
24
GV: Hng dn HS lm bi tp 2 (trong phiu hc tp) Bi tp 2: Em hy in vo bng sau cc s liu cn thiu (khng s dng bng h thng tun hon).
V tr trn bng h thng tun hon S e lp ngoi TT Chu k nhm
Cu to nguyn t K hiu in tch ht nhn S p S e S lp e
Al S Li F
13 + 16 + 3+ 9+
3 3 2 2
3 6 1 7
HS: HS in y nh sau:
Cu to nguyn t K hiu in tch ht nhn S e lp ngoi V tr trn bng h thng tun hon TT Chu k nhm
S p
S e
S lp e
Al S Li F
13 + 16 + 3+ 9+
13 16 3 9
13 16 3 9
3 3 2 2
3 6 1 7
13 16 3 9
3 3 2 2
III VI I VII
Hot ng 5 (2 pht) Bi tp v nh 1, 2 SGK tr. 101.

25
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Cho cc nguyn t c s th t: 15, 14, 20, 19 trong bng h thng tun hon. Em hy cho bit: 1) V tr ca cc nguyn t trn trong bng h thng tun hon: S th t, tn nguyn t, k hiu. Chu k Nhm. 2) c im v cu to nguyn t ca cc nguyn t : in tch ht nhn. S proton trong ht nhn. S electron. S lp electron. S electron lp ngoi. Bi tp 2: Em hy in vo bng sau cc s liu cn thiu (khng s dng bng h thng tun hon):
Cu to nguyn t K hiu in tch ht nhn S e lp ngoi V tr trn bng h thng tun hon TT Chu k nhm
S p
S e
S lp e
Al S Li F
13 + 16 + 3+ 9+
3 3 2 2
3 6 1 7
26
Tit 40
S lc v bng tun hon Cc nguyn t ho hc (tip)
a. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc HS bit:

Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn ca in tch
ht nhn nguyn t.
Cu to bng tun hon mi lp 9 gm nguyn t, chu k, nhm.
nguyn t cho bit: s hiu nguyn t, k hiu ho hc, tn nguyn t, nguyn t khi. Chu k: Gm cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh hng ngang theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. Nhm: gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c xp thnh mt ct dc theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
Quy lut bin i tnh cht trong chu k, nhm. p dng vi chu k 2,
3, nhm I, VII.
Da vo v tr ca nguyn t (20 nguyn t u) suy ra cu to nguyn
t, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t v ngc li. 2. K nng HS bit:

D on tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t khi bit v tr ca n trong
bng tun hon.

Bit cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t suy ra v tr v tnh cht ca n. 27
GV:
Bng tun hon (lp 9) (phng to treo trc lp, gn bng). nguyn t phng to. Chu k 2, 3 phng to. Nhm I, nhm VII phng to. My chiu, giy trong, bt d. S cu to nguyn t (phng to) ca mt s nguyn t
HS: n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t lp 8.

c. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: Em hy nu cu to ca bng h thng tun hon. GV: ng thi gi 2 HS ln bng cha bi tp 1, 2 (SGK tr. 101). HS1: Tr li l thuyt.
HS 2: Cha bi tp 1 (SGK tr. 101). 1) Nguyn t c Z = 7 + S th t 7 c 7p, 7e, 7n. in tch ht nhn 7 + + Chu k 2: c 2 lp e. + Nhm V c 5 e lp ngoi. + L nguyn t phi kim. 2) Nguyn t c Z = 12 + S th t 12 in tch ht nhn 12 +, c 12p, 12e, 12n.
28
+ Chu k 3: c 3 lp e + Nhm II: c 2 e lp ngoi. + L nguyn t kim loi. 3) Nguyn t c Z = 16 + S th t 16 + in tch ht nhn 16 + + C 16p, 16e, 16n. + Chu k 3: c 3 lp e. + Nhm VI c 6 e lp ngoi. + L nguyn t phi kim. GV: Gi mt s HS khc nhn xt, b sung GV chm.im. Hot ng 2 III. S bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon (15 pht) GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tho lun theo ni dung sau: Cc em hy quan st cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2, 3, lin h vi dy hot ng ho hc ca kim loi, tnh cht ho hc ca kim loi v phi kim v nhn xt theo cc ni dung sau (GV chiu ln mn hnh): HS:
Tho lun nhm theo cc ni dung m GV hng dn.

Ghi li kin ca nhm mnh vo giy trong hoc bng nhm.
i t u n cui chu k (theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn). S thay i v s e lp ngoi cng nh th no?
29
Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc nguyn t thay i nh th no?

GV: Chiu ln mn hnh kin HS: kin sau khi thng nht phi ca mt vi nhm v gi cc HS t c nh sau: khc nhn xt. Trong mt chu k, khi i t u ti cui chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t tng dn t 1 n 8 e.
u mi chu k l mt kim loi mnh, cui chu k l mt phi kim mnh (halogen), kt thc chu k l mt kh him. Tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t tng dn
GV: B sung: S e ca cc nguyn t tng dn t 1e n 8e v lp li mt cch tun hon cc chu k sau. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh ni dung bi tp 1 (phiu hc tp) HS lm bi tp: Bi tp 1: Sp xp li cc HS: Lm bi tp vo v: nguyn t sau theo th t: a) Tnh kim loi gim dn theo th t a) Tnh kim loi gim dn: Si, sau: Na, Mg, Al, Si. Mg, Al, Na. b) Tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t sau: b) Tnh phi kim gim dn: C, O, F, O, N, C. N, F. V: (gii thch ngn gn) a) Cc nguyn t u thuc cng mt chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn (t tri sang phi):
30
Tnh kim loi gim dn Tnh phi kim tng dn. 2) Trong mt nhm GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tip HS: Tho lun nhm theo cc ni dung tc tho lun vi ni dung sau: m GV chiu ln mn hnh. GV chiu ln mn hnh: Quan st nhm I v nhm VII da vo tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t bit, hy cho bit:
S lp electron v s electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c c im nh th no? Tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm thay i nh th no?
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh kin ca cc nhm v gi HS khc nhn xt GV tng kt ri chiu ln mn hnh. HS: kin ca cc nhm HS sau khi thng nht nh sau: + Trong cng mt nhm khi i t trn xung di (theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn) cu to lp v ca nguyn t cc nguyn t c c im nh sau:
S electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau S lp electron tng dn t 1 n 7.

+ Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t thay i nh sau: Tnh kim loi tng dn ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn.
31
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp s 2 (GV chiu ln mn hnh). Bi tp 2: Sp xp li cc HS: Lm bi tp vo v. nguyn t sau theo th t: a) Tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim a) Tnh kim loi gim dn K, dn theo th t sau: K, Na, Mg, Al. Mg, Na, Al. b) Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t gim b) Tnh phi kim gim dn: S, Cl, dn theo th t sau: F, Cl, S, P (gii thch: da vo s bin thin tnh cht cc F, P. (gii thch ngn gn) nguyn t trong mt chu k v trong mt nhm). Hot ng 3 IV. ngha ca bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (12 pht) GV: Khi bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trn bng h thng tun hon, ta c th suy on c nhng im g v nguyn t ? (GV chiu ln mn hnh) V d: Bit nguyn t A c s hiu l 17, chu k 3, nhm VII hy cho bit cu to nguyn t v tnh cht ca nguyn t A. GV: GV chiu ln mn hnh. GV: Gi HS tr li (HS tr li, HS: Cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t A GV chiu ln mn hnh) nh sau: HS: Tr li cu hi: 1) Bit v tr ca nguyn t, ta c th suy on c cu to nguyn t v tnh cht ca nguyn t.
ZA = 17
+ in tch ht nhn = 17 +
32
+ C 17p, 17 e
A chu k 3 nguyn t A c 3 lp e. A thuc nhmVII lp ngoi cng c 7 electron.

V A cui chu k III nn A l phi kim mnh. GV: t vn : ngc li, nu bit cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t, ta c th bit v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon v d on c tnh cht ca nguyn t (GV chiu mc 2 ln mn hnh). 2) Bit cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t, ta c th suy on v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t : V d: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c in tch ht nhn l + 12, 3 lp electron, lp ngoi cng c 2 electron. Hy cho bit v tr ca X trong bng h thng tun hon v tnh cht c bn ca n. GV: Gi mt HS tr li (GV HS: Tr li: V tr ca X trong bng h chiu ln mn hnh cc kin thng tun hon: ca HS) GV gi HS khc S th t 12. nhn xt. Chu k 3
Nhm II.
Tnh cht: X l kim loi mnh.
33
Hot ng 4 Luyn tp cng c (7 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nhc li ni dung HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca chnh ca bi. bi. GV: Yu cu 1 HS gii thch t Tun hon hiu r nh lut tun hon v bng h thng tun hon. GV: Chiu bi luyn tp 3 ln HS: Lm bi tp 3 vo v. mn hnh: Bi tp 3: Em hy hon thnh ni dung cn thiu bng di y:
v tr trong bng h thng TT K hiu TT Chu k Nhm S p tun hon
Cu to nguyn t
Tnh cht ho hc S e lp ngoi c bn
S e
S lp e
1 2 3 4
Na Br Mg O
11
I 35 35 4 7
12
II 8 8 2 6
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh ni dung ca bng m HS hon thnh v nhn xt, chm im. Hot ng 5 (1 pht) Bi tp v nh: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (SGK, tr. 101).
34
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Sp xp li cc nguyn t sau theo th t a) Tnh kim loi gim dn: Si, Mg, Al, Na. b) Tnh phi kim gim dn: C, O, N, F. (Gii thch ngn gn). Bi tp 2: Sp xp li cc nguyn t sau theo th t a) Tnh kim loi gim dn K, Mg, Na, Al. b) Tnh phi kim gim dn: S, Cl, F, P. (Gii thch ngn gn) Bi tp 3: Em hy hon thnh ni dung cn thiu bng di y:
v tr trong bng h thng tun hon TT Chu k Nhm S p Cu to nguyn t S lp e S e lp ngoi
TT
K hiu
S e
Tnh cht ho hc c bn
1 2 3 4
Na Br Mg O
11
I 35 35 4 7
12
II 8 8 2 6
35
Tit 41
Luyn tp chng 3 Phi kim s lc bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
A. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc Gip HS h thng ho li cc kin thc hc trong chng nh sau:

Tnh cht ca phi kim, tnh cht ca clo, cacbon, silic, oxit cacbon,
axit cacbonic, tnh cht ca mui cacbonat.

Cu to bng h thng tun hon v s bin i tun hon tnh cht
ca nguyn t trong chu k, nhm v ngha ca bng tun hon. 2. K nng HS bit:
Chn cht thch hp lp s dy bin i gia cc cht. Vit phng
trnh ho hc c th.
Bit xy dng s bin i gia cc loi cht v c th ho thnh dy
bin i c th v ngc li. Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din s bin i .

Bit vn dng bng tun hon.
C th ho ngha ca nguyn t, chu k, nhm. Vn dng quy lut s bin i tnh cht trong chu k, nhm i vi tng nguyn t c th, so snh tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca mt nguyn t vi nhng nguyn t ln cn. Suy on cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nguyn t c th t v tr v ngc li.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. 36
H thng cu hi, bi tp hng dn HS hot ng. Mt s phiu hc tp hoc vit ln bng cu hi v bi tp HS xy
dng s tnh cht ho hc ca kim loi v phi kim c th...

Chun b ni dung vo bn trong. Th d nh: cu hi cho HS hot
ng, s biu din tnh cht...

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS1: Tr li l thuyt
Nu qui lut bin i tnh cht cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon ngha ca bng h thng tun hon.
GV: Gi mt HS cha bi tp 6 SGK. HS 2: Cha bi tp 6: Th t tnh phi kim tng dn: As, P, N, O, F (gii thch). Hot ng 2 I. kin thc cn nh (20 pht) GV: Chiu s sau ln mn hnh.
+ (1)
+
1) Tnh cht ho hc ca phi kim HS: Lm bi tp trn.
Phi kim
(2) +
(3)
37
GV: Yu cu HS in cc loi cht thch hp vo trng, ng thi in cc loi cht thch hp, tc dng vi phi kim. GV: Chiu s 1 hon chnh (nh SGK, tr. 102) ln mn hnh. 2) Tnh cht ho hc ca mt s phi kim c th a) Tnh cht ho hc ca clo GV: Chiu s 2 ln mn hnh, yu HS: Hon thnh s 2 (nh SGK cu HS hon chnh s v vit tr. 102). phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Phng trnh:
t 1) H2 + Cl2 2HCl
(4) H2 (1) Kim loi H2O dd NaoH (3)
o
t 2) Mg + Cl2 MgCl2
Clo
(2)
3) Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O

Nc Gia Ven
4) Cl2
H2O HClO + HCl

Nc clo
GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt vi HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt. b) Tnh cht ho hc ca cacbon v cc hp cht ca cacbon GV: Yu cu cc nhm tho lun HS: Tho lun nhm, ghi li vo hon chnh s 3, vit phng trnh v, giy trong (hoc bng nhm). phn ng minh ho.
38
C
+O2 d (2) (3) (4) +C (6) +NaOH d +? (8) (5) + CaO (7) (1) +CO2 +O2 +?
CO2
HS: Tho lun nhm, ghi li vo v, giy trong (hoc bng nhm). GV: Chiu s 3 c in Phng trnh: y (nh SGK, tr. 103) ln mn 1) C + CO t 2CO 2 hnh. to 2) C + O2 CO2 Chiu phng trnh phn ng ca to cc nhm vit minh ha v nhn 3) 2CO + O2 2CO2 to xt. 4) CO2 + C 2CO
O
5) CO2 + CaO CaCO3 6) CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

t 7) CaCO3 CaO + CO2
o
8) Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Hot ng 3 II. Bi tp (13 pht) GV: Chiu bi tp 1 ln mn hnh gi HS lm bi tp 1. Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht kh khng mu (ng trong cc bnh ring bit b mt nhn) CO, CO2, H2. HS: Lm bi tp vo v: + Ln lt dn cc cht kh vo dung dch nc vi trong d:
Nu thy dung dch nc vi trong vn c l kh CO2.

39
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Nu dung dch nc vi trong khng vn c l CO, H2.

+ t chy hai kh cn li ri dn sn phm vo nc vi trong d:
Nu thy nc vi trong vn c th kh em t l CO.

t 2CO + O2 2CO2
o
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Cn li l H2 :
t 2H2 + O2 2H2O
o
GV: Gi HS trnh by bi lm hoc chiu ln mn hnh. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2: Bi tp 2: Cho 10,4gam hn hp gm MgO, MgCO3 ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl, Ton b kh sinh ra c hp th hon ton bng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy thu c 10 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u. GV: Gi HS lm tng phn sau: HS: Lm bi tp 2 vo v. Phng trnh: 1) MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O 2) MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
40
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Tnh s mol CaCO3 s mol 3) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CO2 phn ng 2. 10 m n CaCO3 = = = 0,1 (mol) M 100 Tnh khi lng MgCO3
theo phng trnh 2, 3: n CO2 ( 3) = n CO2 ( 2) = n MgCO3
m MgCO3
= 0,1 (mol) = n M = 0,1 84
Tnh khi lng MgO: (GV c = 8,4 (g) th chiu ln mn hnh cu hi dn nMgO = 10,4 8,4 = 2 (gam) dt HS lm bi tp).
Hot ng 4 (2 pht) Bi tp v nh 4, 5, 6 (SGK, tr. 103). GV dn HS chun b cho bui thc hnh. Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht kh khng mu (ng trong cc bnh ring bit b mt nhn): CO, CO2, H2.. Bi tp 2: Cho 10,4gam hn hp gm MgO, MgCO3 ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl, Ton b kh sinh ra c hp th hon ton bng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy thu c 10 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u.
41
Tit 42
Thc hnh tnh cht ho hc ca phi kim v hp cht ca chng
A. Mc tiu
Khc su kin thc v phi kim, tnh cht c trng ca mui cacbonat,
mui clorua.
Tip tc rn luyn v k nng thc hnh ho hc, gii bi tp thc
nghim ho hc.
Rn luyn thc nghim tc, cn thn... trong hc tp, thc hnh
ho hc.
GV: Chun b b dng c v ho cht nh sau:

Dng c:
Gi ng nghim. 10 ng nghim. n cn. Gi st. ng dn kh. ng ht.

Ho cht:
CuO, C. Dung dch nc vi trong (dung dch Ca(OH)2) NaHCO3 Na2CO3 NaCl Dung dch HCl H2O.
42
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra cc kin thc c lin quan n bi thc hnh (5 pht) GV: Kim tra HS cc kin thc HS: Tr li cu hi l thuyt ca GV. c lin quan n ni dung bi thc hnh nh: Tnh cht ca C. Tnh cht b nhit phn hu ca cc mui hiro cacbonat. Tnh tan v tnh cht tc dng c vi dung dch axit ca cc mui cacbonat. Hot ng 2 II. Tin hnh th nghim (30 pht) GV: Hng dn HS lp dng c 1) Th nghim 1: cacbon kh CuO nh hnh 3.1 SGV trang 129 nhit cao. + Tin hnh th nghim : Ly mt tha con hn hp CuO v C cho vo ng nghim A, ri lp dng c nh hnh v sau:
dung dch
43
Dng n cn h nng u ng nghim A, sau tp trung un vo y ng nghim A. GV: Hng dn HS quan st HS: Quan st hin tng th nghim. hin tng xy ra trong ng nghim ng dung dch Ca(OH)2. Sau b n cn ra v quan st k hn hp cht rn trong ng nghim A. GV: Gi i din cc nhm nu HS: Nhn xt hin tng: hin tng th nghim, vit Hn hp cht rn trong ng nghim A phng trnh phn ng v gii chuyn dn t en sang . thch. (GV c th cho cc nhm Dung dch nc vi trong vn c v: HS ghi vo bng nhm, sau to C + 2CuO 2Cu + CO2 dn ln bng v gi cc nhm CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O khc b sung.) 2) Th nghim 2 Nhit phn mui NaHCO3. GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Tin hnh th nghim theo cc bc nghim : sau: Ly 1 tha nh NaHCO3 cho vo y ng nghim, y ng nghim bng nt cao su c ng dn nh hnh v sau:
44
Dng n cn h nng u ng nghim, sau un tp trung vo y ng nghim. GV: Hng dn HS quan st HS: Quan st hin tng v ghi vo v hin tng. hoc bng nhm.
HS: Nhn xt hin tng : Dung dch nc vi trong vn c v
t 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
o
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 3) Th nghim 3 Nhn bit mui cacbonat v mui clorua. GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS HS: Trnh by cch tin hnh phn bit trnh by cch phn bit 3 l vo bng nhm ho cht ng 3 cht rn dng bt l: CaCO3, Na2CO3, NaCl. GV: Gi i din cc nhm HS: Trnh by cch tin hnh: nu cch lm. nh s th t tng ng gia cc l ho cht v ng nghim. Ly mi l ho cht mt t cht bt cho vo cc ng nghim tng ng. Cho nc vo cc ng nghim v lc u. Nu cht bt tan l NaCl, Na2CO3 Nu cht bt khng tan l: CaCO3 Nh dung dch HCl vo 2 dung dch va thu c Nu c si bt l Na2CO3 Nu khng si bt l NaCl V: Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
45
GV: Yu cu HS tin hnh phn bit 3 l ho cht theo cch trn v ghi li kt qu. GV: Gi cc nhm bo co kt qu, GV ghi li nhn xt, chm im.
HS: Tin hnh th nghim.
HS: Bo co kt qu.
L 1: ng... L 2 ng... L 3 ng...
GV: Kt lun. Hot ng 3 II. Cng vic cui bui thc hnh (10 pht) GV: Hng dn HS thu hi ho HS: Thu dn v sinh phng th nghim. cht, ra ng nghim, thu dn cc dng c th nghim, v sinh phng th nghim. GV: Yu cu HS lm tng HS: Lm tng trnh theo mu: trnh theo mu.
Ngy thng nm
H v tn: Tng trnh ho hc bi s:

Tn th nghim Hin tng quan st c
Tn bi:
Gii thch Phng trnh phn ng
46
Chng 4 -Hirocacbon. nhin liu
Tit 43
Khi nim v hp cht hu c v Ho hc hu c
a. Mc tiu
HS hiu th no l hp cht hu c v ho hc hu c. Phn bit c cc cht hu c thng thng vi cc cht v c. Nm c cch phn loi cc hp cht hu c.
GV: 1) Tranh nh v mt s dng cha cc hp cht hu c khc nhau. 2) Th nghim: th nghim chng minh thnh phn ca hp cht hu c c cacbon. Dng c: ng nghim. s. Cc thu tinh. n cn. Ho cht: Bng. Dung dch Ca(OH)2
c. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 I. KHI NIM V HP CHT HU C 1) Hp cht hu c c u? (5 pht) GV: Gii thiu: HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
47
Hp cht hu c c xung quanh ta, trong hu ht cc loi lng thc, thc phm (go, tht, c, rau, qu...) trong cc loi dng (qun, o, giy...) v ngay trong c th chng ta. GV: Gii thiu cc mu vt HS: Quan st hnh v, mu vt. hoc hnh v, tranh, nh... Hot ng 2 2) Hp cht hu c l g? (10 pht) GV: tr li cho cu hi trn, ta tin hnh lm th nghim : GV: Lm th nghim : t chy HS: Quan st th nghim. bng, p ng nghim trn ngn la, khi ng nghim m i, xoay li, rt nc vi vo v lc u. GV: Gi mt HS nhn xt hin HS: Hin tng: nc vi trong b vn c. tng. GV: Cc em hy gii thch: ti HS: Nc vi trong b vn c v bng chy c sinh ra CO2. sao nc vi b vn c? GV: Tng t, khi t chy cc hp cht hu c khc nh: cn, nn u to ra CO2. GV: Gi mt HS c kt lun. HS: Vy hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon.
GV: a s cc hp cht ca HS: Nghe v ghi bi. cacbon l hp cht hu c. Ch

48
c mt s t khng l hp cht hu c nh CO, CO2, H2CO3, cc mui cacbonat kim loi... Hot ng 3 3) Cc hp cht hu c c phn loi nh th no? (5 pht) GV: Thuyt trnh: Da vo thnh phn phn t, cc hp cht hu c c chia thnh 2 loi chnh: HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
Hp cht hu c
Hirocacbon Phn t ch c hai nguyn t: cacbon v hiro. V d: CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H6...
Dn xut ca hirocacbon Ngoi cacbon v hiro, trong phn t cn c cc nguyn t khc nh oxi, nit, clo... V d: C2H6O; CH3Cl...
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 1: HS: Lm bi tp vo v: 1) Cc hp cht v c gm: NaHCO3; Cho cc hp cht sau: MgCO3; CO. NaHCO3, C2H2, C6H12O6, C6H6; 2) Cc hp cht hu c gm: C2H2; C3H7Cl; MgCO3; C2H4O2, CO C6H12O6; C6H6; C3H7Cl; C2H4O2 Trong cc hp cht trn, hp Trong : cht no l hp cht v c, hp a) Cc hp cht thuc loi hirocacbon cht no l hp cht hu c ? gm: C2H2; C6H6 Phn loi cc hp cht hu b) Cc hp cht l dn xut ca hirocacbon c. l: C6H12O6; C3H7Cl; C2H4O2.
49
Bi tp 1:
Hot ng 4 II. khi nim v ho hc hu c (10 pht) GV: Cho HS c SGK sau HS: c SGK. gi HS tm tt (theo cc cu hi gi sau) Ho hc hu c l g? HS: Tr li: Ho hc hu c c vai tr quan Ho hc hu c l ngnh ho hc trng nh th no i vi i chuyn nghin cu v cc hp cht hu c sng, x hi...? v nhng chuyn i ca chng. Ngnh Ho hc hu c ng vai tr quan trng trong s pht trin kinh t x hi. Hot ng 5 Luyn tp cng c (13 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi theo h thng cc cu hi gi sau: HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi. Hp cht hu c la g?
Hp cht hu c c phn loi nh th no?

GV: Yu cu cc HS lm bi HS: Lm bi tp vo v. tp 2. Bi tp 2: Hy chn mt cu ng trong mi cu sau: Cu1: Nhm cc cht u gm cc hp cht hu c l:
50
A) K2CO3; CH3COONa; C2H6 B) C6H6, Ca(HCO3)2, C2H5Cl C) CH3Cl; C2H6O, C3H8 Cu 2: Nhm cc cht u gm cc hirocacbon l: A) C2H4; CH4, C2H5Cl B) C3H6, C4H10, C2H4 C) C2H4, CH4, C3H7Cl. Hot ng 6 (2 pht) Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK, tr. 108). Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Cho cc hp cht sau: NaHCO3, C2H2, C6H12O6, C6H6; C3H7Cl; MgCO3; C2H4O2, CO Trong cc hp cht trn, hp cht no l hp cht v c, hp cht no l hp cht hu c ? Phn loi cc hp cht hu c. Bi tp 2: Hy chn mt cu ng trong mi cu sau: Cu1: Nhm cc cht u gm cc hp cht hu c l: A) K2CO3; CH3COONa; C2H6 B) C6H6, Ca(HCO3)2, C2H5Cl C) CH3Cl; C2H6O, C3H8 Cu 2: Nhm cc cht u gm cc hirocacbon l: A) C2H4; CH4, C2H5Cl B) C3H6, C4H10, C2H4 C) C2H4, CH4, C3H7Cl.
51
Tit 44
a. Mc tiu
Cu to phn t hp cht hu c
Hiu c trong cc hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau
theo ng ho tr, cacbon ho tr IV, oxi ho tr II, hiro ho tr I.

Hiu c mi cht hu c c mt cng thc cu to ng vi mt trt
t lin kt xc nh, cc nguyn t cacbon c kh nng lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon.
Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s cht n gin, phn bit c
cc cht khc nhau qua cng thc cu to.

GV: Chun b:
M hnh cu to phn t cc hp cht hu c (dng hnh que). B m hnh phng cu to phn t cc hp cht hu c.
c. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (15 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS: Tr li l thuyt.
Khi nim v hp cht hu c? Phn loi cc hp cht hu HS 1: Cha bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 108) c? M C H O = 12 2 + 4 + 16 2 = 60 GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 4, 5 24 %C = 100% = 40% (SGK, tr. 108). 60
2 4 2
52
%H =
4 100% = 6,67% 60
%O = 100% (40% + 6,67%) = 53,33%
HS 2: Cha bi tp 5 (SGK, tr. 108).
Hp cht hu c Hp cht v c Hirocacbon Dn xut ca hirocacbon
C6H6 C4H10
C2H6O CH3NO2 C2H3O2Na
CaCO3 NaNO3 NaHCO3
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, b sung. GV: Chm im. Hot ng 2 I. c im cu to phn t hp cht hu c (15 pht) 1) Ho tr v lin kt gia cc nguyn t GV: Thng bo v ho tr ca HS: Nghe v ghi bi: cacbon, hiro, oxi. Trong cc hp cht hu c, cacbon lun c ho tr IV, hiro c ho tr I, oxi c ho tr II. GV: Hng dn HS biu dn lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. T rt ra kt lun (hoc GV gi HS c kt lun trong SGK, tr. 109). HS: Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr ca chng. Mi lin kt c biu din bng mt nt gch ni gia hai nguyn t.
53
V d: Phn t CH4: H | HCH | H
Phn t CH3Cl: H | H C Cl | H t CH3OH: H | HCOH | H
Phn
2) Mch cacbon GV: Hng dn HS lp m hnh phn t mt s cht (V d: CH4; CH3Cl, CH3OH, C2H6...). (m hnh phng v m hnh dng rng) GV: Hng dn HS biu din cc lin kt trong phn t :
C2H6 : H H | | HCCH | | H H
54
C3H8 : H H H | | | HCCCH | | | H H H
GV: Thng bo:

Trong phn t hp cht hu c, HS: Nghe v ghi bi. cc nguyn t cacbon c th lin kt trc tip vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon.
GV: Gii thiu 3 loi mch cacbon v yu cu HS biu din lin kt trong cc phn t : C4H10; C4H8 HS: C ba loi mch cacbon:
Mch thng: H H H H | | | | HCCCCH | | | | H H H H Mch nhnh: H H H | | | HCCCH | | H H HCH | H

55
Mch vng: H H | | HCCH | | HCCH | | H H 3) Trt t lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t
GV: t vn : Vi cng thc HS: Nghe v ghi bi. phn t C2H6O c hai cht khc nhau:
Ru etylic: H H | | HCCOH | | H H imetyl ete: H H | | HCOCH | | H H GV: Thuyt trnh: Hai hp cht trn c s khc nhau v trt t lin kt gia cc nguyn t. l nguyn nhn lm cho ru etylic c tnh cht khc vi imetyl ete.
GV: Gi HS c kt lun trong SGK, tr. 110.

56
HS: c: Nh vy: Mi hp cht hu c c mt trt t lin kt xc nh gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. Hot ng 3 II. cng thc cu to (5 pht) GV: Gi HS c SGK.
Cng thc cu to.
HS: c:
Cng thc biu din y lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t gi l cng thc cu to V d :
C2H4 : etilen
Cng thc cu to ca etilen: H H C=C H H Vit gn: H2C = CH2 Ru etylic: H H | | HCCOH | | H H Thu gn: CH3 CH2 OH
HS: Cng thc cu to cho bit thnh phn phn t v trt t lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. GV: Hng dn HS nu c ngha ca cng thc cu to.
57
Hot ng 4 luyn tp cng c (8 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nhc li ni HS: Tm tt li ni dung chnh ca bi. dung chnh ca bi. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi luyn tp 1: Bi tp 1: Vit cng thc cu HS: Vit cng thc cu to : to ca cc cht c cng thc C2H5Cl: phn t nh sau: C2H5Cl, C3H8, H H CH4O | | H C C Cl | | H H
Vit gn: CH3 CH2 Cl
C3H8 : H H H | | | HCCCH | | | H H H
Vit gn: CH3 CH2 CH3
CH4O:
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt v sa sai (nu c).
H | HCOH | H Vit gn: CH3 OH,
Hot ng 5 (2 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK, tr. 112).
58
Tit 45
Metan
Cng thc phn t: CH4 Phn t khi: 16
a. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca
metan. Nm c nh ngha lin kt n, phn ng th. Bit trng thi t nhin v ng dng ca metan.
GV: M hnh phn t metan (dng c, dng rng) a CD v mt s th nghim (trong c th nghim iu ch metan, phn ng metan vi clo...) Kh CH4, dung dch Ca(OH) 2
ng thu tinh c vut nhn. Cc thu tinh, ng nghim. My chiu, giy trong, bt d.
c. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 I. kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra bi c 1 HS:
Em hy nu c im cu to HS 1: Tr li l thuyt. phn t hp cht hu c ? GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 4, 5 HS 2: Cha bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 112). (SGK, tr. 112).
59
Nhng cng thc cu to biu din cng mt cht l:
a, c, d. b, e.
HS 3: Cha bi tp 5 (SGK, tr. 112).
A l hp cht hu c gm 2 nguyn t, t chy A sinh ra nc. Vy A c cha C, H Khi lng H c trong 3 gam A l: 5, 4 2 = 0,6 (gam) 18 Khi lng C trong 3 gam A l:
3 0,6 = 2,4 (gam) Gi s cng thc ca A l: CxHy m 3 nA = = = 0,1 (mol) M 30 Ta c: 0,1 12 x = 2,4
x=2
0,1 y = 0,6 y = 6 Vy cng thc phn t ca A l C2H6
GV: C th gi cc em HS c cch gii khc ln trnh by. GV: T chc cc em HS trong lp nhn xt, b sung (GV chm im) Hot ng 2 I. Trng thi t nhin, tnh cht vt l (5 pht) GV: Gii thiu trng thi t HS: Ghi bi: nhin ca metan v chiu ln
60
mn hnh hnh v v cch thu Trong t nhin, kh metan c nhiu trong kh metan trong bn ao. cc m kh (kh thin nhin): Trong cc m du (kh m du hay kh ng hnh); Trong cc m than (kh m than). trong bn ao (kh bn ao);

Trong kh biogas.
GV: Cho HS quan st l ng kh metan, ng thi lin h thc t rt ra cc tnh cht vt l ca metan. GV: Gi mt HS tnh t khi HS: Tnh cht vt l: ca metan so vi khng kh. Metan l cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, 16 ), rt t tan nh hn khng kh (d = 29 trong nc. GV: C th dng a CD chiu ln mn hnh th nghim iu ch metan trong phng th nghim. GV: Chiu bi tp 1 ln mn hnh v yu cu HS lm bi tp 1: Bi tp 1: Hy chn cu tr li ng trong cc cu hi sau: Cu 1: Trong phng th nghim, c th thu kh metan bng cc cch sau:
A) y nc.
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B) y khng kh (nga bnh thu). C) C 2 cch trn.
Cu 2: Cc tnh cht vt l c bn ca metan l:

A) Cht lng, khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc. B) Cht kh, khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc. C) Cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, nng hn khng kh, t tan trong nc. D) Cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, nh hn khng kh, t tan trong nc
HS: Lm bi tp 1:
Chn phng n ng: 1) A 2) D.
Hot ng 3 II. cu to phn t (10 pht) GV: Hng dn HS lp m hnh phn t metan (dng rng), cho HS quan st m hnh phn t metan (dng c) v vit cng thc cu to ca metan yu cu HS quan st m hnh v rt ra nhn xt v c im cu to ca metan.
62
GV: Gii thiu: lin kt n HS: Vit cng thc cu to H bn. | HCH | H c im: Trong phn t metan c 4 lin kt n. Hot ng 4 III. tnh cht ho hc ca metan (10 pht) 1) Tc dng vi oxi GV: Dng a CD cho HS xem HS: Xem th nghim. th nghim t chy metan (hoc GV lm th nghim t chy metan). GV: t chy metan thu c nhng sn phm no? V sao?
HS: t chy metan ta thu c:
GV: Chiu kt lun ln mn Hi nc (v c cc git nc bm vo hnh : Metan chy to thnh thnh ng nghim). kh CO2 v hi nc yu cu HS vit phng trnh phn ng sau gi mt HS vit trn HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: to bng. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (k) (k) (k) (h) GV: Gii thiu:
Phn ng t chy metan to nhiu nhit. V vy, ngi ta thng dng metan lm nhin liu.
Kh CO2 (da vo du hiu : nc vi trong vn c);
63
Hn hp 1 th tch metan v hai th tch oxi l hn hp n mnh. 2) Tc dng vi clo:
HS: Quan st th nghim. GV: Lm th nghim (hoc cho HS xem a ghi hnh).
a bnh c cha hn hp metan v clo vo chm nh sng ca my chiu. Sau mt thi gian, cho nc vo bnh, lc nh ri thm vo mt mu giy qu tm.
gi HS nhn xt, nu hin tng. GV: T cc hin tng trn cc em rt ra nhn xt g? HS: Nu hin tng : Mu vng nht ca clo mt i. Giy qu tm chuyn sang mu . HS: Mu vng nht ca clo mt i chng t xy ra phn ng ho hc. Giy qu tm chuyn sang : Vy sn phm (khi tan vo trong nc) to thnh dung dch axit.
GV: Hng dn HS vit HS: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng: askt CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl phng trnh phn ng (chiu (k) (k) (k) (h) ln mn hnh : hnh v m (mu vng lc) phng s thay th nguyn t hiro bng clo cc giai on). GV: Phn ng gia metan v HS: Phn ng trn c gi l phn ng clo thuc loi phn ng g? th.
64
GV: Nhn chung cc hp cht hirocacbon ch c lin kt n trong phn t u c phn ng th. Hot ng 5 iV. ng dng (3 pht) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh cc HS: Cc ng dng ca metan l: ng dng ca metan v yu cu Lm nhin liu trong i sng v trong HS tm tt vo trong v. sn xut.
L nguyn liu iu ch hiro theo s :

t Metan + nc cacbon ioxit + hiro xt
o
t CH4 + 2H2O CO2 + 4H2 xt

o
Metan cn c dng iu ch bt than v nhiu cht khc.
Hot ng 6 Luyn tp cng c (6 pht) GV: Chiu bi tp 2 ln mn hnh v yu cu HS lm bi tp. Bi tp 2: HS: Lm bi tp vo v.

o
t a) Tnh th tch oxi ( ktc) cn a) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O dng t chy ht 3,2 gam 3,2 n CH = = 0,2 (mol) kh metan. 16
4
b) Ton b sn phm chy Theo phng trnh: trn c dn vo bnh ng n = 2 n = 2 0,2 = 0,4 (mol) O CH dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim, thy khi V O = n 22,4 = 0,4 22,4 = 8,96 (lt) lng bnh tng m1 gam v c m2 gam kt ta. Tnh m1, m2 ?
2 4 2
65
GV: Gi phn b: Sn phm chy gm CO2, hi nc. Vy khi lng bnh tng chnh bng khi lng nc v CO2 to thnh. yu cu HS lm phn b
b) CO2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO3 + H2O Theo phng trnh 1: n CO = n CH = 0,2 (mol)

2 4
n H O = 2 n CH = 2 0,2 = 0,4 (mol)

2 4
Theo phng trnh 2: n CaCO = n CO = 0,2 (mol)

3 2
m1 = m H O + m CO
2
= 0,4 18 + 0,2 44 = 16 (gam) m2 = m CaCO = n M = 0,2 100

3
= 20 (gam).
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, sa sai (nu c). Hot ng 7
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 116)

Ph lc
Bi tp 1: Hy chn cu tr li ng trong cc cu hi sau: Cu 1: Trong phng th nghim, c th thu kh metan bng cc cch sau: A) y nc. B) y khng kh (nga bnh thu). C) C hai cch trn. Cu 2: Cc tnh cht vt l c bn ca metan l: A) Cht lng, khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc. B) Cht kh, khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc. C) Cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, nng hn khng kh, t tan trong nc. D) Cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, nh hn khng kh, t tan trong nc. Bi tp 2: a) b) Tnh th tch oxi cn dng ( ktc) t chy ht 3,2 gam kh metan. Ton b sn phm chy trn c dn vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim, thy khi lng bnh tng m1 gam v c m2 gam kt ta. Tnh m1, m2?
66
Tit 46
etilen
Cng thc phn t: C2H4 Phn t khi: 28
a. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc cu to, tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca etilen. Hiu c khi nim lin kt i v c im ca n. Hiu c phn ng cng v phn ng trng hp l cc phn ng c
trng ca etilen v cc hirocacbon c lin kt i.

Bit c mt s ng dng quan trng ca etilen. Bit cch vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng cng, phn ng
trng hp, phn bit etilen vi metan bng phn ng vi dung dch brom.
GV:
M hnh phn t etilen (dng c, dng rng). a CD v cc th nghim ca etilen vi dung dch brom. My chiu, giy trong, bt d.
c. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c, cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) HS 1: Tr li l thuyt (HS 1 ghi li gc Nu c im cu to, tnh bng phi). cht ho hc ca metan. GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1:
67
GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 1, 3 HS 2: Cha bi tp 1(SGK, tr. 116). (SGK, tr. 116) a) Nhng kh tc dng vi nhau l:
CH4 v Cl2
askt CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
CH4 v O2
t CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
O
H2 v Cl2
t H2 + Cl2 2HCl
O
H2 v O2 :
t 2H2 + O2 2H2O
O
b) Hai kh trn vi nhau to thnh hn hp n l:

CH4 v O2 H2 v O2.
HS 3: Cha bi tp 3 (SGK, tr. 116)
Phng trnh:
t CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
O
n CH =
4
V 11, 2 = = 0,5 (mol) 22, 4 22, 4
Theo phng trnh: n CO = n CH = 0,5 (mol)

2 4
n O = 2 n CH = 2 0,5 = 1 (mol)
2 4
V O = n 22,4 = 1 22,4 = 22,4 (lt)

2
V CO = n 22,4 = 0,5 22,4

2
= 11,2 (lt).
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GV: C th gi cc em HS Cch 2: khc gii bng cch khc. i vi cc cht kh, nu cng mt iu kin th t l v s mol bng t l v th tch theo phng trnh: + n O = 2 n CH
2 4
V O = 2 V CH = 2 11,2
2 4
= 22,4 (lt) + n CO = n CH
2 2 4
V CO = V CH = 11,2 (lt).
4
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, b sung GV chm im. Hot ng 2 I. tnh cht vt l (3 pht) GV: Gii thiu tnh cht vt l HS: Nghe v ghi bi. ca etilen v chiu ln mn Tnh cht vt l: Etilen l cht kh, khng hnh. mu, khng mi, t tan trong nc, nh 28 hn khng kh (d = ). 29 Hot ng 3 II. cu to phn t (7 pht) GV: Hng dn HS lp rp m HS: Cc nhm HS lp rp m hnh phn hnh phn t C2H4 (rng rng) t C2H4. v cho HS quan st m hnh phn t C2H4 (dng c).
GV yu cu HS vit cng HS: Vit cng thc cu to: thc cu to ca etilen v nhn H H xt v c im C=C
H
69
c im: Gia 2 nguyn t cacbon c hai lin kt. GV: Thng bo (v chiu ln mn hnh) Nhng lin kt nh vy gi l lin kt i.
Trong lin kt i c mt lin kt km bn. Lin kt ny d b t trong cc phn ng ho hc.

HS: Nghe v ghi bi. Hot ng 4 III. tnh cht ho hc (15 pht) 1) Etilen c chy khng? GV: Thuyt trnh :
Tng t nh metan, khi t, etilen chy to ra kh cacbonic, hi nc v to nhit.

GV: Yu cu HS vit phng HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng t trnh phn ng. C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
O
GV: t vn :
Etilen c c im cu to khc vi metan. Vy phn ng c trng ca chng c khc nhau khng?

GV: Yu cu HS nhc li HS: Nu li c im cu to v tnh cht (hoc xem li) tnh cht ho ho hc ca metan. hc c trng ca metan m HS 1 ghi gc bng phi.
70
2) Etilen c lm mt mu dung dch brom khng? GV: Ghi mc ln bng. HS: Nu hin tng : GV: (Cho HS xem bng hnh) Dung dch brom ban u c mu da cam. hoc lm th nghim :
Dn kh etilen vo dung dch Sau khi sc kh C2H4 vo, dung dch brom brom (c th lm i chng vi b mt mu. CH4) gi mt HS nhn xt hin tng.
GV: Em hy nhn xt ? HS: Nhn xt:
Etilen phn ng vi brom trong dung dch. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh cch HS: Quan st trn mn hnh hiu bn vit phng trnh phn ng ca cht ca phn ng. brom vi etilen:
Mt lin kt km bn trong lin kt i b t ra. Lin kt gia hai nguyn t brom b t. Nguyn t brom kt hp vi hai nguyn t cacbon trong phn t etilen. GV yu cu HS c lp vit phng trnh ho hc.
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: H H H H | | C=C + Br Br Br C C Br | | H H H H
71
Vit gn: CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br

(k) (dd) (dd)
(khng mu)
(da cam)
(khng mu)
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4 Br2

GV: Gii thiu :
Phn ng trn gi l phn ng cng Trong nhng iu kin thch hp, etilen cn c phn ng cng vi mt s cht khc nh hiro, clo, nc...
GV: Kt lun v chiu ln mn HS: Ghi kt lun: hnh. Nhn chung, cc cht c lin kt i trong phn t (tng t etilen) d tham gia phn ng cng. GV: Thng bo: nhng iu kin thch hp v c xc tc, lin kt km bn trong phn t etilen b t ra. Khi , cc phn t etilen kt hp vi nhau to thnh phn t c khi lng v kch thc ln, gi l polietilen (Vit tt l PE). 3) Cc phn t etilen c kt hp c vi nhau khng? GV: Ghi mc ln bng. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh cch vit phng trnh phn ng:
72
Lin kt km bn b t;
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng:

o
Cc phn t etilen lin kt li ...CH2 = CH2 + CH2 = CH2 + CH2 = CH2... t , P,xt vi nhau. Yu cu HS vit phng ...CH CH CH CH CH CH .. 2 2 2 2 2 2 trnh phn ng.
GV: Gii thiu cht do PE v Phn ng trn c gi l phn ng trng cho HS xem mt s mu vt hp. c lm bng PE. Hot ng 5 iV. ng dng (3 pht) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh s : HS: Tm tt cc ng dng ca etilen vo v. Nhng ng dng ca etilen:
Poli etilen (PE) Poli vinyl clorua (PVC) Ru etylic Axit axetic
Etilen Kch thch qu mau chn
i cloetan
Hot ng 6 Luyn tp cng c (6 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nhc li ni HS: Tm tt cc ni dung chnh ca bi. dung chnh ca bi. GV: Chiu bi luyn tp 1 ln mn hnh: Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit 3
73
cht kh ng trong cc bnh ring bit, khng dn nhn: CH4, C2H4, CO2.
GV: lm c bi tp trn, ta phi da vo nhng tnh cht khc nhau ca 3 cht kh trn. l nhng tnh cht no? HS: Tnh cht khc nhau ca 3 cht kh trn l:
C2H4 lm mt mu dung dch brom, cn CH4, CO2 khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. CO2 lm vn c nc vi trong cn CH4 khng lm vn c nc vi trong.
GV: Cc em hy trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit 3 cht kh trn (gi 1 HS trnh by v vit phng trnh phn ng).
HS: Cch phn bit ba cht kh:
Ln lt dn 3 cht kh vo dung dch nc vi trong: Nu thy nc vi trong vn c l: CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Nu nc vi trong khng vn c l C2H4, CH4. Dn 2 cht kh cn li ln lt vo dung dch brom: Nu thy dung dch brom mt mu l C2H4; Cn li l CH4 CH2 = CH2 + Br2 Br CH2 CH2 Br2.
GV: C th hng dn HS lm bng phng php k bng. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2 (GV chiu ln mn hnh).
74
Bi tp 2: Dn 3,36 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CH4, C2H4 vo dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng, thy c 8g brom phn ng. Tnh th tch mi kh c trong hn hp trn (gi thit phn ng xy ra hon ton). GV: Gi : HS: Lm bi tp 2 vo v:
Dn hn hp kh trn vo dung Dn hn hp kh vo dung dch brom th dch brom, c phn ng no? ch c etilen phn ng, cn metan khng T GV hng dn HS phn ng, v dung dch brom d nn etilen phn ng ht. lm bi. Phng trnh: C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 nBr 2 =
m 8 = = 0,05 (mol) M 160
Theo phng trnh: n C H = nBr 2 = 0,05 (mol)

2 4
V C H = n 22,4 = 0,05 22,4

2 4
= 1,12 (lt)
V CH = 3,36 1,12 = 2,24 (lt).
4
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v gi cc em HS khc nhn xt. Hot ng 7 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 114).

75
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit 3 cht kh ng trong cc bnh ring bit, khng dn nhn: CH4, C2H4, CO2. Bi tp 2: Dn 3,36 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CH4, C2H4 vo dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng, thy c 8g brom phn ng. Tnh th tch mi kh c trong hn hp trn. (gi thit phn ng xy ra hon ton).
76
Tit 47
axetilen
a. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca
axetilen. Nm c khi nim v c im ca lin kt ba. Cng c kin thc chung v hirocacbon: khng tan trong nc, d chy to ra CO2 v H2O ng thi to nhit mnh. Bit mt s ng dng quan trng ca axetilen. Cng c k nng vit phng trnh phn ng cng, bc u bit d on tnh cht ca cc cht da vo thnh phn cu to.
GV: M hnh phn t axetilen (dng c, rng) My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Dng c: Gi st. ng nghim c nhnh(c ng dn kh) n cn. Chu thu tinh. Bnh thu kh. Gi ng nghim. Panh, dim. Ho cht: L thu sn C2H2. Nc. t n. Dung dch brom.
77
Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (7 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS 1: Tr li l thuyt (vit vo gc bng Nu c im cu to v tnh phi). cht ho hc ca etilen. GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 2, 4 HS 2: Cha bi tp 2 (SGK, tr. 119). (SGK, tr. 119).
C lin kt i
Lm mt mu dung dch brom
Phn ng trng hp
Tc dng vi oxi
Metan Etilen
Phng trnh:
t 1) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
O
2) C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2

t ,P 3) nCH2 = CH2 (CH2 CH2)n
o
t 4) C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

O
HS 2: Cha bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 119)
Phng trnh:
t C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
O
nC H =
2 4
4, 48 = 0,2 (mol). 22, 4
78
a) Theo phng trnh: n O = 3 n C H = 3 0,2 = 0,6 (mol)

2 2 4
V O = n 22,4 = 0,6 22,4

2
= 13,44 (lt) b) VKK =

VO 100
2
20
13, 44 100 20
= 67,2 (lt)
Cch 2:
Theo phng trnh: V O = 3 V C H = 3 4,48 = 13,44 (lt)

2 2 4
VKK =
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt (C th cho cc em gii bi tp 4 bng cch khc).
VO 100
2
20
= 13,44 5 = 67,2 (lt)
Hot ng 2 I. tnh cht vt l (3 pht) GV: (vo bi) GV gii thiu HS: Nghe v ghi bi. mc tiu ca tit hc, gii thiu cng thc phn t, phn t khi v chiu ln mn hnh. GV: Yu cu HS quan st l cha C2H2, ng thi quan st hnh v 4.9 (GV chiu ln mn hnh) rt ra cc tnh cht vt l ca axetilen. HS: Nu cc tnh cht vt l:
L cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, t tan trong nc. 26 Nh hn khng kh (d = ). 29
79
Hot ng 3 II. Cu to phn t (7 pht) GV: Hng dn cc nhm HS HS: Hot ng theo nhm: hot ng nhm vi cc ni Lp rp m hnh phn t axetilen (dng dung sau: (GV chiu ln mn c, rng rng). hnh ni dung cn lm)
S dng b dng c lp rp m hnh phn t axetilen (dng rng, dng c). Vit cng thc cu to ca axetilen. Nhn xt c im cu to.
GV: Gi HS ln bng vit cng HS: Vit cng thc cu to: thc cu to ca axetilen v HCCH nhn xt c im cu to (HS Vit gn: pht biu, GV chiu ln mn CH CH hnh). c im:
Gia 2 nguyn t cacbon c lin kt ba.

Trong lin kt ba, c hai lin kt km bn, d t ln lt trong cc phn ng ho hc.
GV: Gii thiu lin kt ba. Hot ng 4 III. tnh cht ho hc (15 pht) GV: t cu hi:
Da vo c im cu to ca axetilen, em hy d on cc tnh cht ho hc ca axetilen

80
(c gii thch ngn gn) GV gi mt s HS nu d on ca mnh sau GV tng hp cc kin d on ca HS v chiu ln mn hnh (lu : HS so snh c im cu to ca axetilen vi metan, etilen d on).
GV: t vn : Chng ta s dng thc nghim kim tra cc d on ca cc em.
HS: (c th d on mt s tnh cht sau)
axetilen c phn ng chy. axetilen c phn ng cng (lm mt mu dung dch bromtng t etilen).
1) Axetilen c chy khng? GV: Lm th nghim iu ch v t chy axetilen. GV: Gi 1 HS nu hin tng. HS: Quan st th nghim v nu hin tng (ng nh d on ca chng ta):
Axetilen chy trong khng kh vi ngn la sng. Phn ng to nhiu nhit.

GV: Gi mt HS vit phng HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng: t trnh phn ng (chiu ln mn 2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O hnh).
O
GV: Lin h:
Phn ng to nhiu nhit axetilen c dng lm nhin liu trong n x oxiaxetilen.

2) Axetilen c lm mt mu dung dch brom khng? GV: Chiu cu hi mc ln HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm. mn hnh v hng dn HS lm
81
th nghim kim tra d on: Dn kh axetilen vo ng nghim c cha dung dch brom (c mu cam).
Lu : Nn c ng nghim khc cha dung dch brom i chng. GV: Gi i din mt vi HS: Nu hin tng v nhn xt: nhm nhn xt hin tng. Hin tng : dung dch brom (mu da cam) b nht mu.
Nhn xt: ng nh d on ca chng ta, axetilen c phn ng cng lm mt mu dung dch brom tng t etilen.
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh phng trnh phn ng th hin bn cht ca phn ng cng brom trong dung dch HS d vit phng trnh phn ng v trong phi th hin c:
Lin kt t. Nguyn t brom lin kt vi cc nguyn t cacbon c lin kt b t.

GV: Gi HS ln bng vit HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng phng trnh phn ng (c th CH CH + Br Br Br CH = CH Br (k) (dd) (l) cho cc em nhn vo tnh cht (khng mu) ho hc v phn ng cng ca (khng mu) (da cam) etilen vi brom HS vit).
82
Thu gn: C2H2 + Br2 C2H2Br2 Sn phm sinh ra c lin kt i trong phn t nn c th cng tip vi mt phn t brom na: BrCH=CHBr + BrBr Br2CHCHBr2 Vit gn: C2H2Br2 + Br2 C2H2Br4
(l) (dd) (l)
(khng mu)
(dacam)
(khng mu)
GV: C th cho cc em s dng m hnh phng th hin cng thc cu to ca cc cht tham gia v sn phm. GV: Gii thiu: HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
Trong iu kin thch hp, axetilen cng c phn ng cng vi hiro v mt s cht khc.
GV: Da vo c im cu to v tnh cht ho hc ca axetilen, cc em hy so snh:
Cu to phn t ca metan, etilen, axetilen (ging, khc nhau) ? Tnh cht ho hc ca metan, etilen, axetilen ging v khc HS: Tho lun nhm. nhau nh th no?
83
Metan (CH4) Etilen (C2H4) Axetilen (C2H2)
c im cu to Tnh cht ho hc ging nhau Tnh cht ho hc khc nhau
HS: Sau khi tho lun nhm, HS phi hon thin bng trn vi ni dung nh sau:
Metan (CH4) c im cu to Tnh cht ho hc ging nhau Tnh cht ho hc khc nhau Lin kt n Phn ng chy
Etilen (C2H4) Mt lin kt i Phn ng chy
Axetilen (C2H2) Mt lin kt ba Phn ng chy
Phn ng th
Phn ng cng (mt phn t C2H4 tc dng vi mt phn t Br2)
Phn ng cng (mt phn t C2H2 cng ti a c 2 phn t Br2)
GV: Chiu bng trn ln mn hnh v cht li cc im ging nhau, khc nhau c bn ca 3 hiro cacbon trn. Hot ng 5 IV. ng dng (3 pht) GV: Gi HS c SGK v yu HS: Tm tt li cc ng dng chnh: cu cc em tm tt cc ng Lm nhin liu cho n x oxi_axetilen dng ca axetilen. hn ct kim loi.
84
L nguyn liu sn xut:

+ Polivinyl clorua (PVC). + Cao su. + Axit axetic. + Nhiu ho cht khc pht.
Hot ng 6 V. iu ch (3 pht) GV: Gi HS nu li cch iu HS: Trong phng th nghim, axetilen ch axetilen (HS lm th c iu ch bng cch: cho t n nghim hot ng 4). (canxi cacbua) tc dng vi nc. GV: Gii thiu cng thc ca canxi cacbua l CaC2.
Cho HS quan st cht cn li trong ng nghim nhnh nhn xt c sn phm ca phn ng c Ca(OH)2 GV gi HS vit phng trnh phn ng.
HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng:
CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

GV: Gii thiu:
Hin nay, axetilen thng c iu ch bng cch nhit phn metan nhit cao.
Hot ng 7 Luyn tp cng c (6 pht) GV: Gi mt HS tm tt cc HS: Tm tt cc ni dung chnh ca bi. ni dung chnh ca bi.
85
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 1. GV chiu bi tp 1 ln mn hnh. Bi tp 1: Cho cc hp cht HS: Lm bi tp vo v. sau: C2H4, CH4, C2H2
a) Vit cng thc cu to ca a) Cng thc cu to: cc cht trn. C2H4 : b) Trong cc cht trn, cht no CH2 = CH2 c phn ng th vi kh clo? Cht no phn ng vi dung CH4 : H dch brom. Vit phng trnh | phn ng. HCH | H
C2H2 : CH CH
b) Cht c phn ng vi kh clo l CH4 phng trnh: askt CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl Cht c phn ng cng vi dung dch brom l C2H4; C2H2. Phng trnh: H H H H | | C=C + Br Br Br C C Br | | H H H H (1) CH CH + 2Br2 Br2CHCHBr2
86
(2)
hoc vit tt l: C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4

GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh, gi HS nhn xt. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2. Bi tp 2: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit 3 bnh ng cc kh khng mu (b mt nhn) sau: HS: Lm bi tp vo v. Bc 1:
(1) (2)
Ln lt dn cc cht kh vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d: Nu thy dung dch nc vi trong vn c l CO2 Nu thy dung dch nc vi trong khng vn c l C2H2, CH4 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Bc 2:
C2H2; CO2; CH4
Dn 2 cht kh cn li vo dung dch brom: Nu thy dung dch brom nht mu l: C2H2 : C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 Cn li l CH4.
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt. Hot ng 8 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK, tr. 122).

87
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Cho cc hp cht sau: C2H4, CH4, C2H2 a) Vit cng thc cu to ca cc cht trn. b) Trong cc cht trn: cht no c phn ng th vi kh clo? Cht no phn ng vi dung dch brom. Vit phng trnh phn ng.
Bi tp 2: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit 3 bnh ng cc kh khng mu (b mt nhn) sau: C2H2; CO2; CH4
Tit 48
Kim tra 1 tit
88
Tit 49
benzen
A. Mc tiu
HS nm c cng thc cu to phn t benzen, t hiu c cc
tnh cht ho hc ca benzen.

Rn luyn k nng quan st th nghim, t cc hin tng th nghim,
rt ra tnh cht.
Rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng th ca benzen vi
brm v tip tc cng c k nng lm bi ton.

Lin h vi thc t: mt s ng dng ca benzen.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. a CD trong c th nghim ca: phn ng ca benzen vi brom
lng.
Cc th nghim:
Quan st tnh cht vt l ca benzen Benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Phn ng chy ca Benzen.
Ho cht:
C6H6 H2O Dung dch Brom Du n.

Dng c:
ng nghim 16 chic.
89
s gi th nghim. Kp g: 5 chic. Dim.

Dng c khc:
B lp ghp cu to phn t : 4 b. Hnh v v phn ng th ca benzen vi brom lng. Tranh v: mt s ng dng ca Benzen Tranh v: M hnh phn t ca Benzen(dng c)
C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c (10 pht) GV: Tin hnh kim tra bi c. HS1: Nu cu to phn t, c im lin kt, tnh cht ho hc ca metan. HS2: Nu cu to phn t, c im lin kt, tnh cht ho hc ca axetilen, etilen. Hot ng 2 (3 pht) I. Tnh cht vt l GV: Gii thiu bi. HS:
Benzen l cht lng, khng mu, khng tan trong nc. Nh hn nc. Ho tan du n v nhiu cht khc nh nn, cao su, it... Benzen c.
90
GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS : Nu cc tnh cht vt l ca benzen. nghim :
Cho Benzen vo nc. Cho vi git du n vo Benzen.

+ Gi HS nhn xt: v trng thi, mu sc, tnh cht tan... ca Benzen cc tnh cht vt l.
Hot ng 3 (10 pht) II. Cu to phn t GV: Cho HS lp m hnh phn HS: Cu to phn t: t Benzen bng b dng c. H
Gi mt HS ln vit li
H C C H
C C C C H
Hoc:
CH CH CH
CH CH
CH
Hoc:
91
GV: Gi HS nhn xt v cu HS: c im: to ca benzen. Su nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi nhau to thnh vng 6 cnh khp kn u. C 3 lin kt ixen k 3 lin kt n. GV: Cho HS lm bi tp (GV HS: Tr li. chiu ln mn hnh): mt s HS Cng thc ng: b, d, e. vit cng thc cu to ca benzen nh sau:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Hy cho bit nhng cng thc no ng? GV: (chiu cu hi ln mn hnh) Da vo cng thc cu to phn t ca benzen, cc nhm tho lun d on xem benzen c tnh cht ho hc nh th no? <benzen c tnh cht no ging metan, etilen v axetilen?> Gi HS pht biu. HS: tr li: Cu to ca benzen khc etilen v axetilen im no? benzen c lm mt mu dung dch brom hay khng ? <HS tr
92
li hoc khng, GV lm th nghim ri a ra tnh hung buc HS phi suy ngh gii thch.>
Hot ng 4 III. tnh cht ho hc(15 pht) 1) Benzen c chy khng?
GV lm th nghim t chy v gi HS nhn xt <c mui than>.

GV: Benzen d chy to ra HS: Gii thch: C s khc nhau nh trn CO2, H2O. Khi benzen chy l do phn t benzen c cu to c bit. trong khng kh, ngoi CO2, H2O cn sinh ra mui than. 2) Benzen c phn ng th vi brom khng? GV: Benzen khng c phn ng cng vi brom trong dung dch (khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nh etilen v axetilen) GV: Vy benzen c tnh cht ho hc g?
GV cho HS xem bng hnh v th nghim o, phn ng ca benzen vi dung dch brom lng (c bt st) Gi HS ln nu tnh cht v vit phng trnh phn ng.
93
HS: Phn ng th: tc dng vi dung dch brom:

Fe,t C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr
H H C C C C H C C H
+
H H Br2
Fe, to
C C C C H C C
Br
+
HBr
(cht lng mu nu)
Brom benzen (cht lng khng mu)
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp : HS: Lm bi tp vo v. Hy cho bit cht no trong cc cht sau c th lm mt mu dung dch brom?
a)
b) CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 c) CH3 C CH d) CH3 CH3 Cht no c phn ng th? GV: Cho HS quan st tranh v v ng dng ca benzen, ri c SGK
Hot ng 5 IV. ng dng (2 pht) GV: Yu cu HS nu ng dng HS: Benzen l nguyn liu sn xut cht ca benzen trong cng nghip. do, phm nhum, thuc tr su... Hot ng 6 Cng c (5 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 3, 4 (SGK).
94
Tit 50
a. Mc tiu
du m v kh thin nhin
Nm c tnh cht vt l, trng thi thin nhin, thnh phn, cch
khai thc, ch bin v ng dng ca du m, kh t nhin.

Bit crckinh l mt phng php quan trng iu ch du m. Nm c c im c bn ca du m Vit Nam, v tr mt s m
du, m kh v tnh hnh khai thc du kh nc ta.

GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Mu: du m, mu cc sn phm chng ct du m Tranh v:
M du v cch khai thc S chng ct du m.

c. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS 1: Tr li l thuyt. Vit cng thc cu to, nu c im cu to v tnh cht ho hc ca benzen. GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 3,4 HS 2: Cha bi tp 3 (SGK, tr. 125). SGK, tr. 125.
95
t ,Fe a) C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr
O
78 g 157 g xg 15,7 g b) Khi lng benzen cn dng theo l thuyt l (vi hiu sut 100%) 15,7 78 = 7,8 (gam) x= 157 Khi lng benzen cn dng thc t l(hiu sut 80%) 7,8 100 = 9,75 (gam) 80 HS 3: Cha bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 125). Nhng cht lm mt mu dung dch brom l b, c. V trong phn t cc cht c lin kt i (hoc lin kt ba) (lin kt khng bn, d t trong cc phn ng ho hc). Phng trnh: CH3 C CH + 2Br2 CH3 CBr2 CHBr2
GV: Gi HS khc nhn xt. Lu : HS c th vit phng trnh phn ng ca brom vi butaien (t l 1:1) to ra hai sn phm l: CH2 CH = CH CH2 | | Br Br V CH2 CH CH = CH2 | | Br Br
96
Hot ng 2 I. du m 1) Tnh cht vt l (3 pht) GV: Cho HS quan st mu du HS: Nhn xt: m. Sau gi HS nhn xt v Du m l cht lng, snh. trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan... Mu nu en.
Khng tan trong nc. Nh hn nc.

Hot ng 3 2) Trng thi t nhin, thnh phn ca du m (7 pht) GV: Cho HS quan st hnh HS: Quan st tranh v. 4_16 phng to: M du v cch khai thc. GV: Thuyt trnh v chiu ln mn hnh:
Trong t nhin, du m tp trung thnh tng vng ln, su trong lng t, to thnh m du. GV: Yu cu HS quan st hnh HS: M du thng c 3 lp: v 4.16 v nu cu to ca ti Lp kh du m (kh ng hnh). Thnh du (GV chiu ln mn hnh). phn chnh ca kh m du l metan: CH4. Lp du lng : l hn hp phc tp ca nhiu hirocacbon v nhng lng nh cc hp cht khc. Lp nc mn.
GV: Cc em hy lin h thc t HS: Nu cch khai thc du m: v nu cch khai thc du m. Khoan nhng l khoan xung lp du lng (cn gi l ging du).
97
Ban u, du t phun ln. V sau, ngi ta phi bm nc hoc kh xung y du ln.

Hot ng 4 3) Cc sn phm ch bin t du m (7 pht) GV: Cho HS quan st b mu: HS: Quan st mu vt v hnh v trn mn Cc sn phm ch bin t du hnh. m, ng thi chiu ln mn hnh : hnh 4_17: s chng ct du m v ng dng ca cc sn phm. Sau GV yu cu HS: Nu tn cc sn phm ch bin c t du m. HS: Cc sn phm ch bin t du m:
Xng. Du thp. Du iezen. Du mazut

GV: Gii thiu:
Nha ng. HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
tng lng xng, ngi ta s dng phng php: crckinh (ngha l b gy phn t) ch bin du nng (du iezen). thnh xng v cc sn phm kh c gi tr trong cng nghip nh: metan, etilen...
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh : crackinh Du nng xng
+ hn hp kh.
98
Hot ng 5 II. kh thin nhin (5 pht) GV: Thuyt trnh: HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
Kh thin nhin c trong cc m kh nm di lng t. Thnh phn ch yu l kh metan (95%). Kh thin nhin l nhin liu, nguyn liu trong i sng v trong cng nghip.
Hot ng 6 III. Du m v kh thin nhin Vit Nam (5 pht) GV: Cho HS c SGK, tr. 128 HS: c SGK. v tm tt. Hot ng 7 Luyn tp cng c (5 pht) GV: Yu cu 1 HS nhc li ni HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi. dung chnh ca bi. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh bi HS: Lm bi tp. tp trc nghim: Bi tp trc nghim:
Hy chn 1 cu tr li ng cho mi cu sau:

Cu 1:
A) Du m l mt n cht. B) Du m l mt hp cht phc tp. C) Du m l mt hirocacbon.

99
D) Du m l mt hn hp t nhin ca nhiu loi hirocacbon.

Cu 2:
A) Du m si mt nhit si nht nh. B) Du m c nhit si khc nhau tu thuc vo thnh phn ca du m. C) Thnh phn ch yu ca du m t nhin l metan. D) Thnh phn ch yu ca du m ch gm xng v du la.
Cu 3: Phng php tch ring cc sn phm t du th l:
A) Khoan ging du. B) Crckinh. C) Chng ct du m. D) Khoan ging du v bm nc hoc kh xung.

HS: Lm bi tp
Cu 1: D Cu 2: B Cu 3: C.
Hot ng 8 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 129).
100
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp trc nghim: Hy chn 1 cu tr li ng cho mi cu sau: Cu 1: A) Du m l mt n cht. B) Du m l mt hp cht phc tp. C) Du m l mt hirocacbon. D) Du m l mt hn hp t nhin ca nhiu loi hirocacbon. Cu 2: A) Du m si mt nhit si nht nh. B) Du m c nhit si khc nhau tu thuc vo thnh phn ca du m. C) Thnh phn ch yu ca du m t nhin l metan. D) Thnh phn ch yu ca du m ch gm xng v du la. Cu 3: Phng php tch ring cc sn phm t du th l: A) Khoan ging du. B) Crckinh. C) Chng ct du m. D) Khoan ging du v bm nc hoc kh xung.
101
Tit 51
a. Mc tiu
Nhin liu
Nm c nhin liu l nhng cht chy c, khi chy to nhit v
pht sng.
Nm c cch phn loi nhin liu, c im v ng dng ca mt
s nhin liu thng dng.

Nm c cch s dng hiu qu nhin liu.
GV:
Biu :
Hnh 4.21 Hnh 4.22.

c. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (15 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS 1: Tr li l thuyt. Cc sn phm ch bin t du m? GV: Gi HS 2 cha bi tp 2 HS 2: Cha bi tp 2 (SGK, tr. 129). (SGK, tr. 129) Xng, du ho v nhiu sn phm khc.
Crckinh. Metan Thnh phn.

102
Hot ng 2 I. nhin liu l g? (5 pht) GV: t vn : Em hy k HS: K tn mt vi nhin liu thng tn mt vi nhin liu thng gp: Than, ci, du ho, kh gaz... dng? GV: Cc cht trn khi chy u to nhit v pht sng, ngi ta gi cc cht l cht t, hay nhin liu.
Vy nhin liu l g ?
HS: Tr li:
Nhin liu l nhng cht chy c, khi chy to nhit v pht sng.
GV: Cc nhin liu ng vai tr HS: Nghe v ghi bi. quan trng trong i sng sn xut.
Mt s nhin liu c sn trong t nhin nh than, ci, du m... Mt s nhin liu c iu ch t cc ngun nhin liu c sn trong t nhin nh: cn t, kh than...
Hot ng 3 II. nhin liu c phn loi nh th no? (10 pht) GV: Da vo trng thi, em hy HS: Da vo trng thi, ngi ta c th phn loi cc nhin liu? chia cc nhin liu thnh 3 loi: rn, lng, kh... 1) Nhin liu rn
Gm than m, g...
103
GV: Thuyt trnh v qu trnh HS: Nghe v ghi bi. hnh thnh than m.
Thuyt trnh v c im ca cc loi than gy, than m, than bn, g. (HS xem biu 4-21 v 4-22)
2) Nhin liu lng
Gm cc sn phm ch bin t du m nh: xng, du ho... v ru.

GV: Yu cu HS ly v d v nhin liu kh. 3) Nhin liu kh:
Gm cc loi kh thin nhin, kh m du, kh l cc, kh l cao, kh than.

GV: Cho HS c SGK, c HS: Tm tt v c im, ng dng ca im, ng dng ca nhin liu nhin liu lng, kh. lng, kh... v gi HS tm tt. Hot ng 4 III. s dng nhin liu nh th no cho hiu qu? (10 pht) GV: t vn : v sao chng ta phi s dng nhin liu cho hiu qu? S dng nhin liu nh th no l hiu qu? HS: Tr li:
Ta phi s dng nhin liu cho hiu qu v: Nu nhin liu chy khng hon ton s va gy lng ph, va lm nhim mi trng. S dng nhin liu hiu qu l phi lm th no nhin liu chy hon ton, ng thi tn dng c nhit lng do qu trnh chy to ra.
104
GV: Mun s dng nhin liu HS: Mun vy, chng ta cn phi m hiu qu, chng ta thng phi bo cc yu cu sau: thc hin nhng bin php g? 1) Cung cp oxi (khng kh) cho qu trnh chy nh: thi khng kh vo l, xy ng khi cao ht gi.
2) Tng din tch tip xc ca nhin liu vi khng kh (oxi) bng cch: Trn u nhin liu kh, lng vi khng kh. Ch nh ci. p nh than khi t chy. 3) iu chnh lng nhin liu duy tr s chy mc cn thit ph hp vi nhu cu s dng nhm tn dng nhit lng do s chy to ra.
Hot ng 5 Cng c (4 pht) GV: Gi 1 HS nhc li ni dung HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca chnh ca bi. bi. Hot ng 6 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 132).
105
Tit 52
luyn tp chng 4 hirocacbon nhin liu
A. Mc tiu
Cng c cc kin thc hc v hiro cacbon. H thng mi quan h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cc hiro cacbon. Cng c cc phng php gii bi tp nhn vit, xc nh cng thc
hp cht hu c.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Son tho bi tp ch trong phn mm violet.
HS: n tp li cc kin thc c lin quan.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 I. kin thc cn nh (20 pht) GV: Cho HS tho lun nhm HS: Tho lun nhm v hon thnh bng vi ni dung sau (GV chiu ln tng kt. mn hnh): Nh li cu to, tnh cht ca metan, etilen, axetilen, benzen ri hon thnh bng tng kt theo mu sau:
106
Metan
Etilen
Axetilen
Benzen
Cng thc cu to c im cu to Phn ng c trng
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh bng tng kt m cc nhm hon thnh:

Metan CH4 Cng cu to thc H | H C H | H Etilen C2H4 H C=C H H H HCCH
H C C C H
Axetilen C2H2
Benzen C6H6
H C C C H
c im cu to
Lin kt n
C mt lin kt i
C mt lin kt ba
Mch vng, 6 cnh khp kn. 3 lin kt i, 3 lin kt n xen k nhau.
Phn ng c trng
Phn ng th
Phn ng cng (lm mt mu dung dch brom)
Phn ng cng (lm mt mu dung dch brom)
Phn ng th vi brom lng
Phng trnh phn ng minh ho cho cc tnh cht ho hc c trng:

askt CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4

Fe, t C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr
o
107
GV: T chc cho HS lm bi HS: Quan st cc ch v nghe v ghi tp ch bng phn mm violet: bi, GV hng dn lut chi.
GV gii thiu ch. Ph bin ch v lut chi.

GV: T chc cho HS on cc t trong ch. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh ln lt tng cu hi gi HS on cc t hng ngang. Sau khi HS tr li tng t, GV chiu p n ln mn hnh.
Th d: H thng cc cu hi HS: Tr li ch: phn ng th. nh sau: 1) Phn ng c trng ca metan v cc hp cht hirocacbon mch h ch c lin kt n trong phn t. 2) Phn ng c trng ca etilen HS tr li: Phn ng cng. v axetilen ?
Hot ng 2 II. Bi tp(23 pht) GV: Chiu mn hnh bi HS: Lm bi tp vo v. luyn tp 1. Bi tp 1: Cho cc hirocacbon sau:
a) C2H2. c) C2H4. e) CH4.

108
b) C6H6. d) C2H6. f) C3H6.
Vit cng thc cu to ca Cng thc cu to ca cc cht: cc cht trn. a) C2H2 Cht no c phn ng c HCCH trng l phn ng th? Cht no lm mt mu dung b) C6H6 dch nc brom?Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
H H C C C C H C C H
c) C2H4 H C=C H d) C2H6 CH3 CH3 e) CH4 H | H C H | H f) C3H6 CH3 CH2 CH3
Nhng cht c phn ng c trng:
phn ng th gm: b, c, e.
109
Phng trnh:
Fe,t C6H6 + Br C6H5Br + HBr.
o
a/s CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
a/s C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl.
Nhng cht lm mt mu dung dch
brom l: a, c. Phng trnh: + C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 CH CH + 2Br2 CHBr2 CHBr2 + C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br.
GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt s HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt, chm im. GV: Chiu bi luyn tp 2 ln mn hnh v yu cu HS lm bi tp (GV c th gi HS lm tng phn ri chiu ln mn hnh). Bi tp 2: t chy hon ton HS: Lm bi tp vo v. 1,68 lt hn hp gm metan v axetilen ri hp th ton b sn phm vo dung dch nc vi a) Phng trnh phn ng: trong d, thy thu c 10 gam t CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O kt ta. x x a) Vit cc phng trnh phn t 2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O ng xy ra. y 2y b) Tnh th tch ca mi kh c CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O trong hn hp u.
o o
(1) (2) (3)
110
c) Nu dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp b) V nc vi trong ly d, nn phn nh trn vo dung dch nc ng gia CO2 vi Ca(OH)2 to thnh brom d th khi lng brom mui trung ho: phn ng l bao nhiu? m 10 NaCaCO = = = 0,1 (mol) M 100 (Th tch cc kh o ktc, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Theo phng trnh phn ng 1, 2, 3: + nCO (1+2) = nCO (3 ) = n CaCO = 0,1 (mol)
3
2 2 3
+ nhn hp =
V 1,68 = 0,075 (mol) = 22,4 22,4
+ Gi s mol meta, axetilen c trong hn hp ban u ln lt l x, y. Ta c h phng trnh: x + y = 0,075 x + 2y = 0,1 Gii h phng trnh ta c: x = 0,05.
VCH
y = 0,025 = n.22,4 = 0,05 22,4
VC H
2
= 1,12 (lt). = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 (lt).
c) Trong 3,36 lt hn hp (ktc) c: 0,05 3,36 nCH = = 0,1 (mol). 1,68

4
nC H =
2 2
0,025 3,36 = 0,05 (mol). 1,68
+ Dn hn hp trn vo dung dch brom, ch c C2H2 c phn ng, CH4 khng phn ng. V dung dch brom d nn C2H2 phn ng ht.
111
Phng trnh: C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 (4) Theo phng trnh 4: n Br = 2.nC H = 0,05 2 = 0,1(mol)
2 2 2
Khi lng brom phn ng l: mBr + n.M = 0,1 160 = 16(gam)

2
GV: Chiu tng phn bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt. Hot ng 3 (2 pht)
Bi tp v nh.
Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Cho cc hirocacbon sau: a) C2H2. c) C2H4. e) CH4. b) C6H6. d) C2H6. f) C3H6.
Vit cng thc cu to ca cc cht trn. Cht no c phn ng th? Cht no lm mt mu brom? Bi tp 2: t chy hon ton 1,68 lt hn hp gppfm metan v axetilen ri hp th ton b sn phm vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thy thu c 10 gam kt ta. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh th tch ca mi kh c trong hn hp u. c) Nu dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp nh trn vo dung dch nc brom d th khi lng brom phn ng l bao nhiu? (Th tch cc kh o ktc, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton).
112
Tit 53
Thc hnh: Tnh cht ca Hirocacbon
A. Mc tiu
Cng c kin thc v hirocacbon. Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ho hc. Gio dc thc cn thn, tit kim trong hc tp, thc hnh ho hc.
B. Chun b ca gV v hS
GV:
Dng c:
ng nghim c nhnh. ng nghim. Nt cao su km ng nh git. Gi th nghim, n cn, chu thy tinh.
Ho cht:
t n. Dung dch brom. Nc ct.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 (5 pht) GV:

Kim tra: dng c ho cht. Kim tra HS v cc kin thc c lin quan n bi thc hnh:
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HS: Tr li cc cu hi kim tra ca GV.
+ Cch iu ch axetilen trong phng th nghim. + Tnh cht ho hc ca axetilen. + Tnh cht vt l ca axetilen.
Hot ng 2 I. Tin hnh th nghim(30 pht) GV: Hng dn HS lm th nghim. GV: Lp sn cho cc HS b dng c nh hnh 4.25(a) Hng dn cho cc nhm HS lm th nghim theo cc bc sau: Cho vo ng nghim c nhnh mt mu CaC2 , sau nh khong 2 3 ml nc. Thu kh axetilen bng cch y nc. GV: Yu cu HS quan st v nhn xt cc tnh cht vt l ca axetilen. 1) Th nghim 1: iu ch axetilen HS: Lm th nghim theo hng dn ca GV.
HS: Nhn xt cc tnh cht vt l ca axetilen: L cht kh khng mu.
t tan trong nc. 2) Th nghim 2 GV: Hng dn HS lm cc th HS: Cc nhm lm th nghim v nghim v tnh cht ho hc ca ghi chp li cc hin tng, vit axetilen: phng trnh phn ng. + Tc dng vi dung dch brom: Dn kh axetilen thot ra ng nghim (A) vo ng nghim (C) ng dung dch nc brom. + Tc dng vi oxi (phn ng chy). Dn axetilen qua ng thu tinh vut nhn ri chm la t (lu phi cho kh thot ra mt lc
114
ui ht khng kh ri mi t trnh n.) GV: Gi mt vi HS nhn xt hin HS: Nu hin tng: tng. ng nghim C: mu da cam ca dung dch brom nht dn. C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 Khi t, axetilen chy vi ngn la mu xanh:
4CO2 + 2H2O 2C2H2 + 5O2 t 3) Th nghim 3 HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm.
O
GV: Hng dn: Cho 1ml benzen vo ng nghim ng 2ml nc ct, lc k. Sau yn quan st. Tip tc cho thm 2ml dung dch brom long, lc k sau yn, tip tc quan st mu ca dung dch. GV: Gi HS nu cc hin tng th HS: Nu hin tng v ghi chp. nghim. Hot ng 3 II. Vit tng trnh v thu dn(10 pht)
TT Ni dung th nghim (cch lm) Hin tng
Gii thch, phng trnh phn ng
GV: Hng dn HS thu hi ho HS: Thu hi ho cht v dn dp,v cht v sinh. sinh bn th nghim. Chng I - Cc loi hp cht v c
115
Chng 5 - dn xutCa hrocacbon. polime
Tit 54
Ru etylic
Cng thc phn t : C2H6O Phn t khi : 46
A. Mc tiu
HS nm c cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to, tnh cht l hc,
tnh cht ho hc v ng dng ca rc etylic. Bit nhm OH l nhm nguyn t gy ra tnh cht ho hc c trng ca ru. Bit ru, cch tnh ru, cch iu ch ru. Vit c phng trnh phn ng ca ru vi natri, bit cch gii mt s bi tp v ru.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. M hnh phn t ru etylic : dng rng, dng c Th nghim :
t ru etylic Ru etylic tc dng vi natri. Dng c: Cc thu tinh. (2 chic) n cn. Panh st. Dim. Ho cht: Na. C2H5OH (cn) H2O.
116
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 I. tnh cht vt l (7 pht) GV: Gii thiu v cc hp cht c oxi, gii thiu cc cht tiu biu: ru etylic, axit axetic, glucoz... (GV chiu ln mn hnh) GV: Cho cc nhm HS quan st HS: Quan st. l ng rc etylic (GV lin h: trong thc t ru etylic cn c gi l cn...) gi HS nu cc tnh cht vt l ca ru etylic (c th kt hp c SGK) HS: Nhn xt cc tnh cht ca ru etylic :
L cht lng khng mu, nh hn nc, tan v hn trong nc. Ru etylic si 78,3OC Ru etylic ho tan c nhiu cht nh iot, benzen.
GV: Gi mt HS c khi nim HS: c: ru v gii thch. S ml ru etylic c trong 100ml hn hp ru vi nc gi l ru.
V d : ru 45O c ngha l: C 100 ml dung dch ru c cha 45ml ru etylic nguyn cht.
117
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 1 (GV chiu bi ln mn hnh) Bi tp 1: Khoanh trn vo cu HS: Tr li v gii thch (khoanh trn tr li ng trong cu sau: Cn vo cu D). 90O c ngha l:
A) dung dch c to thnh khi ho tan 90 ml ru etylic nguyn cht vo 100 ml nc B) dung dch to c khi ho tan 90 gam ru etylic nguyn cht vo 100 gam nc. C) Dung dch to c khi ho tan 90 gam ru etylic vi 10 gam nc D) Trong 100ml dung dch c 90ml ru etylic nguyn cht.
Hot ng 2 II. Cu to phn t(8 pht) GV: Cho cc nhm HS quan st HS: Quan st m hnh phn t ru m hnh phn t ru etylic etylic v vit cng thc cu to. (dng c v dng rng), sau , vit cng thc cu to ca ru etylic. GV: Chiu cng thc cu to, HS: Vit cng thc cu to ca ru HS vit ln mn hnh (ch etylic: nhng cng thc cu to m HS H H vit sai ln mn hnh sa.) | | HCCOH | | H H
Hay: CH3CH2OH
118
GV: Em hy nhn xt c im cu to ca ru etylic (GV hng HS lu s khc nhau v v tr ca 6 nguyn t hiro.) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh cng thc cu to ca ru etylic trong nhm OH c mu khc. GV: Gii thiu chnh nhm OH ny lm cho ru c tnh cht c trng.
HS: Nhn xt: Trong phn t ru etylic c mt nguyn t H khng lin kt vi nguyn t C m lin kt vi nguyn t O to ra nhm OH.
Hot ng 3 III. tnh cht ho hc (15 pht) 1) Ru etylic c chy khng? GV: Chiu cu hi mc v HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm. yu cu HS cc nhm lm th nghim tr li cu hi. (GV hng dn HS lm th nghim t cn, yu cu HS quan st mu ngn la...) GV: Gi mt HS nu hin tng HS: Nu hin tng: rt ra nhn xt v vit phng Ru etylic chy vi ngn la mu xanh, to nhiu nhit. trnh phn ng Nhn xt : Ru etylic tc dng mnh vi oxi khi t nng:
Phng trnh:
t C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
o
(l)
(k)
(k)
(h)
GV: C th lin h: cc ng dng ca ru cn.

119
2) Ru etylic c phn ng vi natri khng? GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim nghim :

Cho mt mu Na vo cc ng ru etylic Cho mt mu Na vo mt cc nc so snh GV: Gi HS nu hin tng (c HS: Nu hin tng : th cho HS so snh, nhn xt v C bt kh thot ra, vit phng trnh phn ng) Mu Na tan dn. Nhn xt : ru etylic tc dng c vi natri, gii phng kh, l kh hiro. 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2
(l) (r) (dd) (k)
Na phn ng vi ru etylic khng mnh lit bng phn ng ca Na vi nc.
GV: Chiu phng trnh phn ng ln mn hnh (trong th hin r s thay th ca nguyn t Natri vo nguyn t H trong nhm OH). GV: Gii thiu: phn ng ca ru etylic vi axit axetic. 3) Phn ng vi axit axetic: (s hc bi 45) Hot ng 4 IV. ng dng (5 pht) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh : s HS: Nu cc ng dng nhng ng dng quan trng ca
120
ru etylic v gi HS nu cc ng dng.
GV: Nhn mnh: ung nhiu ru rt c hi cho sc kho (GV c th k mt vi cu chuyn v tc hi ca ru i vi sc kho.) Hot ng 5 V. iu ch (4 pht) GV: t cu hi: ru etylic thng c iu ch theo cch no? (gi mt vi HS tr li.) HS: ru etylic thng c iu ch theo cch sau:
len men Cht bt (hoc ng)
Ru etylic
GV: gii thiu: Ngi ta c th Cho etilen tc dng vi nc: axit iu ch ru etylic bng cch C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH. cho etilen tc dng vi nc theo phng trnh: (GV chiu ln mn hnh) Hot ng 6 Cng c luyn tp(5 pht) GV: Gi HS nhc li tnh cht HS: Tr li l thuyt ho hc ca ru etylic v gii thch bng cu to phn t ru. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2: HS: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng: (GV chiu ln mn hnh) 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
121
Cho Na (d) vo cc ng ru 2Na + 2C2H5OH 2C2H5ONa + H2 etylic 50O Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. (GV lu phn ng ca Na vi H2O).
Hot ng 7 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK 139)
Ph lc Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Khoanh trn vo cu tr li ng trong cu sau: Cn 90O c ngha l: A) Dung dch c to thnh khi ho tan 90 ml ru etylic nguyn cht vo 100 ml nc B) Dung dch to c khi ho tan 90 gam ru etylic nguyn cht vo 100 gam nc. C) Dung dch to c khi ho tan 90 gam ru etylic vi 10 gam nc D) Trong 100ml dung dch c 90ml ru etylic nguyn cht. Bi tp 2: Cho Na (d) vo cc ng ru etylic 50o. Vit phng trnh phn ng.
122
Tit 55
Axit axetic
Cng thc phn t: C2H4O2 Phn t khi: 60
A. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc cu to, tnh cht ho hc, tnh cht l hc v ng
dng ca axit axetic. Bit nhm COOH l nhm nguyn t gy ra tnh axit. Bit khi nim este v phn ng este ho. Vit c phn ng ca axit axetic vi cc cht.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. M hnh phn t axit axetic(dng c, rng rng) Th nghim: CH3COOH tc dng vi qu tm, Na2CO3 NaOH... Dng c:
Gi ng nghim : c 10 ng nghim. Kp g. ng ht. Gi st. n cn. Cc thu tinh. H thng ng dn kh. Ho cht: CH3COOH. Na2CO3 NaOH Phenolphtalein. Qu tm.
123
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS1: Tr li l thuyt. Nu c im cu to v tnh cht ho hc ca ru etylic. GV: Gi HS 2 ln cha bi tp HS2: Cha bi tp 2 (SGK 139) 2, 5 (SGK 139) ng 1:
2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 (1)

ng 2:
Ru 96o c nc v ru etylic Phng trnh: Ngoi phng trnh phn ng (1) cn c thm phn ng 2 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
ng 3:
(2)
ng nc, nn ch c phn ng (2)

HS3: Cha bi tp 5 (SGK, tr. 139)
Phng trnh:
t C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O 9,2 = 0,2 (mol) a) n C2H5OH = 46
o
Theo phng trnh: n CO2 = 2n C 2H5OH = 0,2 2 = 0,4 (mol)

VCO2 = 0,4 22,4 = 8,96 (lt)
124
GV: Gi HS khc nhn xt, sa b) Theo phng trnh: sai (nu c) GV chm im. n O2 = 3n C2 H5OH = 3 0,2 = 0,6 (mol)
VO2 = 0,6 22,4 = 13,44 (lt) VKK =
13, 44 100 = 67, 2 (lt). 20
Hot ng 2 I. tnh cht vt l (5 pht) GV: Cho cc nhm HS quan st l ng CH3COOH. Lin h vi thc t (gim n l dung dch CH3COOH: 3% 5%) GV: Gi mt HS nhn xt v HS: Nu cc tnh cht vt l. cc tnh cht vt l ca Axit axetic l cht lng, khng mu, v CH3COOH chua, tan v hn trong nc. GV: Cho cc nhm HS nh vi git CH3COOH vo ng nghim ng nc, quan st. Hot ng 3 II. cu to phn t (5 pht) GV: Cho cc nhm HS quan st HS: Quan st m hnh phn t axit m hnh phn t axit axetic axetic. (dng c, dng rng) gi 1 HS: Vit cng thc cu to: HS vit cng thc cu to, nhn H | O xt c im cu to. HCC | OH H
hoc CH3COOH
125
GV: C th chiu ln mn hnh c im: Trong phn t ca axit axetic cng thc cu to v nhn mnh c nhm (COOH). Nhm ny lm cho phn t c tnh axit. cu to ca nhm COOH GV: Lu vi HS v nguyn t H trong nhm (COOH) Hot ng 4 III. tnh cht ho hc (13 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nu cc tnh 1) Axit axetic c tnh cht ca axit cht chung ca axit, sau t khng? vn : axit axetic c cc tnh cht ca axit khng? GV: Chiu cu hi ln mn hnh v hng dn HS lm cc th nghim tr li cu hi trn. HS: Lm cc th nghim : + Th nghim 1:
Nh mt git dung dch CH3COOH vo mt mu giy qu tm.

+ Th nghim 2:
Nh vi git dung dch CH3COOH vo ng nghim c cha dung dch Na2CO3 (hoc CaCO3).
+ Th nghim 3: Nh t t dung dch CH3COOH vo ng nghim c cha dung dch NaOH c vi git phenolphthalein (dung dch c mu ). GV: Chiu ni dung cc th nghim ln mn hnh, yu cu cc nhm lm th nghim, ghi
126
li hin tng ca tng th nghim v vit phng trnh phn ng.

GV: Gi i din cc nhm nu hin tng (GV c th chiu ln mn hnh hin tng th nghim theo mu sau):
TT
Th nghim
Hin tng
Phng trnh phn ng
Nh dung dch CH3COOH vo mt mu giy qu tm
Qu tm chuyn sang mu Si bt Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
Nh dung dch CH3COOH vo dung dch Na2CO3 (hoc CaCO3)
Nh t t CH3COOH vo dung dch NaOH (c vi git dung dch
Dung dch ban u c mu chuyn dn v khng mu.
phenolphthalein)
GV: Gi HS nhn xt. GV: Lu : axit CH3COOH l mt axit yu. GV: t vn : ngoi cc tnh cht chung ca axit. Axit axetic c cn tnh cht ho hc no na khng?
HS: Nhn xt : axit axetic l mt axit hu c c tnh cht ca mt axit yu.
Sau GV lm th nghim hoc cho HS xem bng hnh v th

127
nghim CH3COOH tc dng vi HS: Quan st GV lm th nghim (hoc ru etylic sau GV gi xem bng hnh). mt HS nhn xt.
HS: Nhn xt:
Axit axetic tc dng vi ru etylic.

GV: Kt lun : phn ng gia HS: Ghi bi. axit axetic vi ru etylic thuc loi phn ng este ho GV ghi mc, hng dn HS vit phng trnh phn ng (GV chiu ln mn hnh). 2) Tc dng vi ru etylic
H dac,to GV: Gii thiu: etylaxetat l 2SO4 CH3COH + HOC2H5 este. || (l) (l) O CH3 C OC2H5 + H2O (l) || (l) O
Etyl axetat
Hot ng 5 IV. ng dng(3 pht) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh: s HS: Nu cc ng dng ca axit axetic cc ng dng ca axit axetic. Sau gi mt HS nu cc ng dng Hot ng 6 V. iu ch (3 pht) GV: Thuyt trnh cch sn xut HS: ghi bi axit axetic trong cng nghip t Trong cng nghip, axit axetic c iu butan (chiu ln mn hnh).
128
ch theo cch sau:

t 2C4H10+5O2 4CH3COOH+2H2O xuc tac
o
Axit axetic
GV: Hi HS em hy nu cch HS: sn xut gim n, ngi ta dng sn xut gim n trong thc t phng php ln men dung dch ru GV : gi HS vit phng etylic long.
trnh phn ng
men giam C2H5OH+O2 CH3COOH+H2O
Hot ng 7 Luyn tp cng c(5 pht) GV: Gi mt HS nu c im, HS: Nhc li c im cu to, tnh cht cc tnh cht ho hc ca axit ho hc ca axit axetic. axetic GV: Yu cu HS lm bi luyn tp 1 (GV chiu bi ln mn hnh) Bi tp 1: Vit cc phng trnh Lm bi tp 1 vo v: phn ng xy ra khi cho axit 1) 2CH3COOH + Ba(OH)2 axetic ln lt tc dng vi: (CH3COOH)2Ba + 2H2O - Ba(OH)2 2) 2CH COOH + CaCO
3 3
CaCO3 Na. MgO CH3OH
(CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2 3) 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 4) 2CH3COOH + MgO (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O
H 2SO4 ,d,t 5) CH3COOH + CH3OH
o
CH3COOCH3 + H2O
GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt vi
129
HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt.

GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2 (GV chiu bi ln mn hnh v hng dn cch gii.) Bi tp 2: Cho bt Mg d tc HS: lm bi tp 2 vo v: dng vi 200ml dung dch a) Phng trnh: CH3COOH 1M. 2CH3COOH+Mg (CH3COO)2Mg + H2 a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) n CH3COOH = 0,2 1 = 0,2 (mol) b) Tnh th tch kh thu c Theo phng trnh : (ktc). 1 0,2 n H2 = n CH3COOH = = 0,1 (mol) 2 2 VH2 = 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 (lt). GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt vi HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt, chm im. Hot ng 8 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (SGK, tr. 143).

Ph lc
Phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho axit axetic ln lt tc dng vi: Ba(OH)2 CaCO3 Na. MgO CH3OH Bi tp 2: Cho bt Mg d tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CH3COOH 1M a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh th tch kh thu c (ktc). 130
Tit 56
Mi lin h gia etilen, ru etylic, v axit axetic
A. Mc tiu
Nm c mi lin h gia hirocacbon, ru, axit v este vi cc
cht c th l etilen, ru etylic, axit axetic v etyl axetat.

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ha gia cc cht.
GV: My chiu, giy trong, bt d.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (15 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1 : HS1: Tr li l thuyt. Nu cu to v tnh cht ho hc ca axit axetic GV: Gi 2 HS cha bi tp 2, 7 HS2: Cha bi tp 2(SGK, tr. 143) (SGK, tr. 143) 1) Cc cht tc dng c vi Na l:
C2H5OH; CH3COOH; CH3 CH2 CH2OH; CH3 CH2 COOH. Phng trnh: 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa+ H2 2C3H7OH + 2Na 2C3H7ONa + H2 2C2H5COOH+2Na 2C2H5COONa+ H2
131
2) Cc cht tc dng c vi NaOH, Mg, CaO l b, d
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O C2H5COOH + NaOH C2H5COONa + H2O 2 CH3COOH + Mg (CH3COO)2 Mg + H2 2 C2H5COOH + Mg (C2H5COO)2Mg + H2 2 CH3COOH + CaO (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O 2C2H5COOH + CaO (C2H5COO)2Ca + H2O
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, sa sai (nu c). HS3:Cha bi tp 7 (SGK, tr. 143)
Phng trnh:
H 2SO 4 d,t a) CH3COOH + C2H5OH
o
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O b) n CH3COOH = n C 2H5OH = 60 = 1 (mol) 60
100 = 2,17 (mol) 46
Theo phng trnh: neste = naxit = 1 (mol)

132
Khi lng este thu c theo l thuyt l:
meste = n M = 1 88 = 88 gam Hiu sut ca phn ng trn l:

55 100% = 62,5% 88
GV: nh gi, cho im. Hot ng 2 (13 pht) I. S lin h gia etilen, ru etylic v axit axetic GV: Gii thiu: gia cc hp cht hu c c mi lin h vi nhau. GV chiu s sau ln mn hnh:
O2 + Ru etylic H2SO4 n tO
Etilen
Ru etylic
Men gim
GV: Gi ln lt HS tham gia HS: Tr li cu hi ca GV xy dung kin hon thnh s (GV s chiu tong phn ln mn hnh) GV: Chiu ton b s hon thnh ln mn hnh v yu cu HS vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho (HS lm vic theo nhm)
O2 Men gim + Ru etylic
Etilen
+ H2O
Ru etylic
Axit axetic
H2SO4 n tO
Etylaxetat
133
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln HS: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng mn hnh. minh ho cho s trn
axit 1) C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH men giam 2) C2H5OH + O2
CH3COOH + H2O
H 2SO 4 d, t 3) CH3COOH+ C2H5OH
o
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Hot ng 3 II. Bi tp(15 pht) GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp HS: lm bi tp 1(b) (SGK, tr. 144) 1(b) SGK 144 CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2BrCH2Br
t n CH2 = CH2 (CH2CH2)n
o
(E)
GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt s HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt. GV: Hng dn HS lm bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 144) (GV chiu ln mn hnh tng bc v hng dn HS lm)
HS: Tnh:
n CO2 =
44 = 1(mol) 44
khi lng cacbon c trong 23 gam cht hu c A l: 1 12 = 12 (gam)
nH O =
2
27 = 1,5 (mol) 18
khi lng hiro trong 23 gam cht A l: 1,5 2 = 3 (gam)

134
Khi lng oxi c trong 23 gam A l: 23 (12 + 3) = 8 (gam) a) Vy trong A c: C, H, O. b) Gi s A c cng thc l: CxHyOz (x, y, z l cc s nguyn dng) Ta c: x:y:z= 12 3 8 = 1 : 3 : 0,5 = 2 : 6 : 1 : : 12 1 16
vy cng thc ca A l:
(C2H6O)k : (k nguyn, dng) V : MA = 23 2 = 46 Ta c: MA = (12 2 + 6 + 16 1) k = 46

k = 1.
Vy cng thc phn t ca A l: C2H6O.

GV: Kt lun v cc bc gii ca bi ton lp cng thc ho hc. Hot ng 4 (2 pht)
Bi tp v nh : 2, 3, 5 (SGK, tr. 144).
Tit 57
Kim tra 1 tit
135
Tit 58
A. Mc tiu
Cht bo
Nm c nh ngha cht bo. Nm c trng thi thin nhin, tnh cht l hc, ho hc v ng dng
ca cht bo.
Vit c cng thc phn t ca glixerol, cng thc tng qut ca
cht bo.
Vit c s phn ng bng ch ca cht bo.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Tranh v mt s thc phm c cht bo (V d du n, b, lc...) Th nghim : v tnh tan ca cht bo. Dng c:
ng nghim: 2 chic. Kp g.
Ho cht:
Nc. Benzen. Du n.
C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (8 pht) GV: Gi HS cha bi tp.

136
Bi tp 1: Hon thnh phng HS: Vit phng trnh phn ng cho s trnh phn ng cho s : (ca bi tp 1).
Etilen ru etylic axit axetic etylaxetat axetat natri
GV: Chiu bi lm ca mt s HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt, chm im. Hot ng 2 I. cht bo c u? (3 pht) GV: t cu hi: trong thc t, HS: Tr li cu hi ca GV. cht bo c u?
GV gi HS tr li (GV chiu ln mn hnh, nu c th th chiu hnh nh ln mn hnh)
Hot ng 3 II. tnh cht vt l ca cht bo (5 pht) GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS lm th nghim (GV chiu ln mn hnh ni dung th nghim.) Th nghim: HS: lm th nghim
Cho mt vi git du n ln lt vo 2 ng nghim ng nc v benzen, lc nh v quan st.

GV: Gi mt vi HS nu hin HS: Nu hin tng tng v nhn xt v tnh cht Cht bo khng tan trong nc, nhe vt l ca cht bo. hn nc (ni trn mt nc.)
Cht bo tan c trong benzen, du ho, xng...
137
Hot ng 4 III. Thnh phn v cu to ca cht bo (8 pht) GV: Gii thiu: un cht bo HS: Nghe v ghi bi. nhit , p sut cao, ngi ta thu c glixerol (glixerin) v cc axit bo (GV chiu cng thc ca grixerin ln mn hnh). GV: Gii thiu cng thc chung ca cc axit bo: R COOH, sau thay th R bng C17H35; C17H33; C15H31. GV: Gi mt HS nhn xt v HS: nhn xt: thnh phn ca cht bo. Cht bo l hn hp nhiu este ca glixerol vi cc axit bo v c cng thc chung l: (R COO)3C3H5. GV: S dng powerpoint th HS: Theo di trn mn hnh phn ng hin trn mn hnh phn ng to gia cc axit bo v glixerin to thnh thnh cc cht bo t axit bo v cht bo. glixerin. Hot ng 5 IV. tnh cht ho hc quan trng ca cht bo(10 pht) GV: Gii thiu: un nng cc HS: Nghe v ghi bi. cht bo vi nc (c axit lm Phn ng thu phn cc cht bo: xc tc) to thnh cc axit bo axit (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O v glixerol (GV chiu ln mn 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3 hnh phn ng thu phn).
(axit bo) + (glixerin)
GV: Gii thiu phn ng ca HS: vit phng trnh phn ng: cc cht bo vi cc dung dch axit (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH kim (GV hng dn HS vit 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 phng trnh phn ng trn mn hnh.)
138
GV: Gii thiu: phn ng thu phn trong mi trng kim cn gi l phn ng x phng ha. GV: Chiu bi tp ln mn hnh HS lm. Bi tp 1: Hon thnh cc HS: Lm bi tp vo v. phng trnh phn ng sau: Bi tp 1: a) (CH3COO)3C3H5 + NaOH a) (CH COO) C H + 3NaOH
3 3 3 5
?+? b) (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + H2O ?+? c) (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + ? C17H33COONa + ? d) CH3COOC2H5 + ? CH3COOK + ?
3CH3COONa + C3H5(OH)3 b) (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3C17H35COOH + C3H5(OH)3 c) (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3C17H33COONa + C3H5(OH)3 d) CH3COOC2H5 + KOH CH3COOK + C2H5OH
Hot ng 6 V. ng dng ca cht bo (4 pht) GV: Yu cu HS t lin h HS: Nu cc ng dng ca cht bo. nu cc ng dng ca cht bo. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh Hot ng 7 Cng c Luyn tp (6 pht) GV: Gi HS nhc li ni dung HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca bi. chnh ca bi. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2 (GV chiu ln mn hnh).
139
Bi tp 2: Tnh khi lng mui HS: lm bi tp 2 vo v thu c khi thu phn hon Phng trnh: ton 178 kg cht beo c cng (C H COO) C H + 3NaOH 17 35 3 3 5 thc (C17H35COO)3C3H5 3 C17H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3
Theo phng trnh: C 890 kg (C17H35COO)3C3H5 khi thu phn to ra 918 kg mui C17H35COONa Vy khi thu phn 178 kg cht bo trn, ta thu c lng mui l: x=
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt, chm im. Hot ng 8 (1 pht)
178 918 = 183,6 (kg). 890
Bi tp v nh : 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 147).

Ph lc
phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau: a) (CH3COO)3C3H5 + NaOH ? + ? b) (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + H2O ? + ? c) (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + ? C17H33COONa + ? d) CH3COOC2H5 + ? CH3COOK + ? Bi tp 2: Tinh khi lng mui thu c khi thu phn hon ton 178 kg cht bo c cng thc (C17H35COO)3C3H5
140
Tit 59
Luyn tp: ru etylic axit axetic V cht bo
A. Mc tiu
Cng c cc kin thc c bn v ru etylic, axit axetic v cht bo. Rn luyn k nng gii mt s dng bi tp.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 I. kin thc cn nh (15 pht) GV: Chiu ln mn hnh bng sau:
Cng thc Tnh cht vt l Tnh cht ho hc
Ru etylic Axit axetic Cht bo
GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tho HS: Tho lun nhm hon thnh lun, hon thnh bng trn. bng. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh ni dung bng c in y (HS lm + GV chun b).
141
Hot ng 2 II. bi tp (28 pht) GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp s HS: lm bi tp 2(SGK, tr. 148) 2 (SGK, tr. 148). Cc phng trnh phn ng:
ddHCl CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH
GV gi ln lt cc em HS ln cha bi tp (hoc chiu bi gii ca HS ln mn hnh) GV t chc cho cc em HS khc nhn xt, sa sai...
Bi tp 3 (SGK, tr. 149) Bi tp 3. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng:
a) 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2

t b) C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
o
c) CH3COOH + KOH CH3COOK + H2O

H 2SO 4 d,t d) CH3COOH + C2H5OH
o
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O e) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 f) 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2 CH3COONa + H2 h) Cht bo + dung dch kim glixerol + mui ca cc axit bo
Bi tp 7 (SGK, tr. 149)
Phng trnh: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

142
a) Khi lng CH3COOH c trong 100g dung dch : m CH3COOH = 12 (gam)
n CH3COOH =
Theo phng trnh:
12 = 0,2 (mol) 60
n NaHCO3 = n CH3COOH = 0,2 (mol)
m NaHCO3 = 0,2 84 = 16,8 (gam)

Khi lng dung dch NaHCO3 cn dng l : mdd NaHCO3 =
16,8 100 = 200 (gam) 8, 4
b) Dung dch sau phn ng c mui CH3COONa Theo phng trnh: n CO2 =n CH3COONa =n CH3COOH = 0,2 (mol) m CH3COONa = 0,2 82 = 16,4 (gam) m dung dch sau phn ng = 200 + 100 0,2 44 = 291,2 (gam) Nng phn trm ca dung dch sau phn ng l: 16, 4 C% CH3COONa = 100% = 5,6% 291,2
Hot ng 3 (2 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 4, 5, 6 (SGK, tr. 149).

143
Tit 60
Thc hnh: tnh cht ca ru etylic v axit axetic
A. Mc tiu
n li cc tnh cht ca ru etylic v axit axetic. Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim v quan st c hin tng th
nghim.
GV:
Dng c:
Gi th nghim: 4 b Gi st: 4 b ng nghim: 10 b ng nghim c nhnh, c nt, c ng dn kh: 4 chic n cn: 4 chic Cc thu tinh: 5 chic.
Ho cht:
Axit axetic c. Axit sunfuric c. Nc. Km l, CaCO3, CuO, giy qu tm.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 (5 pht) GV:
+ n nh t chc.
144
+ Kim tra s s. + Kim tra:
GV kim tra dng c, ho cht. Kim tra s chun b ca HS.

Hot ng 2 Tin hnh bui thuc hnh (30 pht) GV: GV hng dn HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim. nghim, lu mt s thao tc m bo an ton khi lm th nghim v m bo thnh cng ca cc th nghim.
Hng dn HS lm tng trnh.

Hot ng 3 (10 pht) GV: Hng dn HS lm tng HS: Lm tng trnh. trnh. Thu dn ho cht, ra dng c. Nhn xt, rt kinh nghim.
145
Tit 61
GLUCOZ
A. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc phn t, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc v ng
dng ca glucoz. Vit c s phn ng trng bc, phn ng ln men glucoz.

GV:
Mu glucoz. Dung dch AgNO3 Dung dch NH3 Dung dch ru etylic Nc ct. Cc ng nghim, kp g, gi th nghim, n cn...
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 I. tnh cht vt l (5 pht) 1) Trng thi t nhin HS: HS hon chnh ni dung cu 1 trong Phiu hc tp. HS: HS quan st mu glucoz, th tnh tan, mi v. 2) Tnh cht vt l HS: Nghe v ghi bi
GV: Gii thiu: Cht rn khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc. Khng mi, v ngt mt.
146
Hot ng 2 II. Tnh cht ho hc (30 pht) 1) Phn ng xi ho glucoz GV: GV lm th nghim : HS: Quan st, nhn xt hin tng. Glucoz tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3. GV: Hng dn HS tho lun, HS: gii thch. Mu trng bc trn thnh ng nghim chnh l Ag.
Phn ng xy ra:
NH3 C6H12O6 + Ag2O C6H12O7 + 2Ag o t
(dd)
(dd)
(dd)
(r)
GV: Nu ng dng: dng trong cng ngh trng gng. 2) Phn ng ln men ru
men C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
GV: GV c th b sung thng tin v mt s ng dng ca glucoz. GV: Cho HS c SGK v phn ng dng ca glucoz. Hot ng 3 III. ng dng ca glucoz (3 pht) GV: Yu cu HS nu cc ng HS: Glucoz l cht dinh dng quan dng ca glucoz. trng ca ngi v ng vt, c dng : pha huyt thanh, sn xut vitamin C, trng gng...
147
Hot ng 4 Cng c (6 pht) HS: Lm bi tp trong phiu hc tp s 2
HS 1 trnh by cch tin hnh, HS 2 lm th nghim kim chng.

HS: Gii thch l do chn p n ng. Hot ng 5 Dn d bi tp v nh (1 pht)
Bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 179).

Ph lc
phiu hc tp Phiu hc tp s 1
1. c SGK, cho bit: Trong t nhin glucoz c nhiu nht u? . 2. Quan st mu glucoz, sau tin hnh th nghim ho tan glucoz vo nc. Gch b t sai trong ngoc. Glucoz l cht (rn, lng, kh), tan (t, nhiu) trong nc, c v (mn, ngt, ng).
Phiu hc tp s 2
1. Trnh by cch phn bit 3 ng nghim ng dung dch glucoz, dung dch axit axetic v ru etylic. 2. Khoanh trn vo mt trong cc ch A, B, C, D ng trc p n ng. Glucoz c tnh cht no sau y? A. Lm qu tm. B. Tc dng vi dung dch axit. C. Tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat trong ammoniac. D. Tc dng vi kim loi st. 148
Tit 62
Saccaroz
A. Mc tiu
Nm c cng thc phn t, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca
saccaroz. Bit trng thi thin nhin v ng dng ca saccaroz. Vit c phng trnh phn ng ca saccaroz.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Th nghim : phn ng thu phn ca saccaroz. Dng c:
Kp g. ng nghim n cn. ng ht. Ho cht: Dung dch saccaroz (ng knh) AgNO3 Dung dch NH3 Dung dch H2SO4 long.
C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c- cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt mt HS: HS1: Tr li l thuyt.
149
Nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca glucoz. GV: Gi mt HS cha bi tp HS2: cha bi tp 2 (b) 2(b) tr.152 SGK. nh s th t cc l ho cht v ly mu th.
Cho vo mi ng nghim mt t dung dch AgNO3 (trong dung dch NH3) v un nng nh. Nu thy c kt ta ca Ag l glucoz. Nu khng c hin tng g l CH3COOH v:
NH3 , t C6H12O6+Ag2O C6H12O7 + 2Ag
o
GV: Nhn xt v cho im. Hot ng 2 (3 pht) I. Trng thi t nhin GV: Gii thiu: saccaroz c HS: Nghe v ghi bi. trong nhiu loi thc vt nh: ma, c ci ng, tht nt... (GV c th cho HS t nu) Hot ng 3 (5 pht) II. tnh cht vt l GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm. nghim (GV chiu ln mn hnh)
Ly ng saccaroz vo ng nghim. Quan st trng thi, mu sc. Thm nc vo v lc nh, quan st.
150
GV gi mt HS nhn xt.
HS: Nhn xt:
Saccaroz l cht kt tinh khng mu, v ngt, d tan trong nc.

Hot ng 4 (15 pht) III. tnh cht ho hc GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim. nghim (GV chiu ln mn hnh). Th nghim 1: Cho dung dch HS: Lm th nghim. saccaroz vo dung dch AgNO3 (trong NH3), sau un nng nh, quan st
GV gi HS nhn xt hin tng.

HS: Nhn xt:
Khng c hin tng g xy ra, chng t saccaroz khng c phn ng trng gng.
Th nghim 2:
Cho dung dch saccaroz vo HS: Lm th nghim theo nhm. ng nghim , thm vo mt git dung dch H2SO4, un nng 2 3 pht. Thm dung dch NaOH vo trung ho. Cho dung dch va thu c vo ng nghim cha dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3.
GV: Gi mt HS nhn xt hin HS: Nu hin tng: tng. C kt ta Ag xut hin
151
Nhn xt: xy ra phn ng trng gng vy khi un nng dung dch saccaroz c axit lm xc tc, saccaroz b thu phn to ra cht c th tham gia phn ng trng gng. GV: Gii thiu: (GV chiu ln mn hnh)
Khi un nng dung dch saccaroz (c axit lm xc tc), saccaroz b thu phn to ra glucoz v fructoz. Gi mt HS vit phng trnh phn ng HS: (GV chiu ln mn hnh). Vit phng trnh phn ng:
axit C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6+C6H12O6 o t saccaroz glucoz fructoz
GV: Gii thiu v ng fructoz. Hot ng 4 (5 pht) IV. ng dng GV: Yu cu HS k cc ng HS: Nu cc ng dng. dng ca ng saccaroz. GV: Chiu ln mn hnh: s HS: K tn cc nh my sn xut ng. sn xut ng saccaroz t ma.
Yu cu HS k tn cc nh my sn xut ng Vit Nam.
152
Hot ng 5 (6 pht) Luyn tp Cng c GV: Yu cu HS lm bi luyn HS: Lm bi tp: tp: 1) axit Hon thnh cc phng trnh C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6+C6H12O6 glucoz fructoz phn ng cho s chuyn ho saccaroz sau: 2) C6H12O6 Ln men 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
(2) Saccaroz (1) glucoz ( 3) ru etylic axit axetic (4) axetatkali
3) C2H5OH + O2
men gim
(5)
CH3COOH + H2O
H2SO4 c
4) CH3COOH+KOH CH3COOK+H2O
Etylaxetat
(6)
5) CH3COOH+C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O 6) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH
Axetat natri
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh, nhn xt v chm im. Hot ng 6 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK, tr. 155).

Ph lc
phiu hc tp
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi luyn tp: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng cho s chuyn ho sau:
( 2) ( 3) (4) Saccaroz (1) glucoz ru etylic axit axetic axetatkali
(5)
Etyl axetat
(6)
Axetat natri 153
Tit 63
A. Mc tiu
Tinh bt v xenluloz
Nm c cng thc chung, c im cu to phn t ca tinh bt v
xenluloz.
Nm c tnh cht l hc, tnh cht ho hc v ng dng ca tinh bt,
xenluloz.
Vit c phn ng thu phn ca tinh bt, xenluloz v phn ng to
thnh nhng cht ny trong cy xanh.

GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Mu vt: c cha tinh bt, xenluloz, cc ng dng ca tinh bt v
xenluloz.
Th nghim :
Tnh tan ca tinh bt, xenluloz. Tc dng ca h tinh bt vi it.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt HS 1: HS1: tr li l thuyt. Nu cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca saccaroz. GV: Gi hai HS cha bi tp s HS2: Cha bi tp 2 (SGK, tr. 155) 2, 4 (SGK, tr. 155).
154
axit 1) C12H22O11 + H2O o t
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Glucoz Men ru Fructz
2) C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

HS3: cha bi tp 4 (SGK, tr. 155)
+ nh s th t cc l ho cht v ly mu th. + Cho vo mi ng nghim dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 v un nng.
Nu thy c bc to ra l glucoz Nu khng c hin tng g l dung dch saccaroz v ru etylic.

+ Cho vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo hai ng nghim cn li v un nng. Sau cho tip dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 vo, nu c bc to thnh l dung dch saccaroz.
Cn li l dung dch ru etylic.

V :
axit C12H22O11 + H2O o t
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Glucoz Fructz
GV: Gi cc em HS khc nhn xt, GV cho im. Hot ng 2 (3 pht) I. Trng thi t nhin GV: t cu hi: em hy cho HS: Tr li cu hi: bit trng thi t nhin ca tinh
155
bt, xenluloz (GV c th chiu Tinh bt c nhiu trong cc loi ht, c, qu nh: la, ng, sn... hnh v ln mn hnh).
Xenluloz: c nhiu trong si bng, tre, g, na...

Hot ng 3 (5 pht) II. tnh cht vt l GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tin HS: Tin hnh lm th nghim v quan hnh th nghim (GV chiu ni st. dung th nghim ln mn hnh). Th nghim : Ln lt cho mt t tinh bt, xenluloz vo 2 ng nghim, thm nc vo, lc nh, sau un nng 2 ng nghim.
Quan st: trng thi, mu sc, s ho tan trong nc ca tinh bt v xenluloz trc v sau khi un nng.
GV: Gi i din cc nhm nu HS: Nu hin tng: hin tng. Tinh bt l cht rn, khng tan trong nc nhit thng; nhng tan c trong nc nng to ra dung dch keo gi l h tinh bt.
Xenluloz l cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong nc nhit thng v ngay c khi b un nng.
Hot ng 4 (5 pht) III. c im cu to phn t GV: Gii thiu v chiu ln HS: Nghe v ghi bi. mn hnh:
156
Tinh bt v xenluloz c phn t khi rt ln. Phn t tinh bt v xenluloz c to thnh do nhiu nhm (C6H10O5) lin kt vi nhau:
C6H10O5 C6H10O5 C6H10O5...
Vit gn: ( C6H10O5 )n

Nhm C6H10O5 c gi l mt xch ca phn t. S mt xch trong phn t tinh bt t hn trong phn t xenluloz.
Tinh bt : n = 1200 6000 Xenluloz: n = 10000 14000.

Hot ng 5 (10 pht) IV. tnh cht ho hc GV: Gii thiu v chiu ln mn hnh:
Khi un nng trong dung dch HS: Nghe v ghi bi. axit long, tinh bt hoc 1) Phn ng thu phn: xenluloz b thu phn thnh axit (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 glucoz. to nhit thng, tinh bt v xenluloz b thu phn thnh glucoz nh xc tc ca cc enzim thch hp. GV: Yu cu HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim. nghim :
157
(GV chiu ni dung th nghim ln mn hnh)
Nh vi git dung dch iot vo ng nghim ng h tinh bt.

Quan st:
un nng ng nghim, quan st.

GV: Gi HS nu hin tng th HS: Nu hin tng: nghim. Nh dung dch iot vo ng nghim ng h tinh bt, s thy xut hin mu xanh.
un nng, mu xanh bin mt, ngui, li hin ra.

GV: Da vo hin tng th nghim trn, iot c dng nhn bit h tinh bt. GV: Yu cu cc HS lm bi tp 1 (GV chiu ln mn hnh). Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht: Tinh bt, glucoz, saccaroz. HS: Lm bi tp 1:
phn bit 3 cht trn ta nh dung dch iot vo c 3 cht Nu thy xut hin mu xanh: l tinh bt. Cho vo 2 ng nghim cha 2 cht cn li dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Nu thy xut hin Ag l glucoz Cn li l saccaroz.
158
Hot ng 6 (5 pht) V. ng dng ca tinh bt, xenluloz GV: Chiu ln mn hnh : s HS: Nu cc ng dng ca tinh bt, nhng ng dng ca xenluloz xenluloz. v gi HS nu cc ng dng. Hot ng 7 (6 pht) Luyn tp cng c GV: Gi mt HS nhc li cc HS: Nhc li ni dung chnh ca tit ni dung chnh ca bi hc. hc. GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 2 (GV chiu bi ln mn hnh) Bi tp 2: T nguyn liu ban u l tinh bt, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch etylaxetat. HS: Lm bi tp vo v.
S chuyn ha:
( 2) Tinh bt (1) glucoz ru ( 3) (4) etylic axetic axit etylaxetat
Phng trnh: 1)
axit (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 o t
2) C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 o

t
Men ru
Men gim
3) C2H5OH + O2
CH3COOH + H2O
o
H 2SO 4 , t 4) CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt.
159
Hot ng 8 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, (SGK, tr. 158).

Ph lc
phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht: Tinh bt, glucoz, saccao. Bi tp 2: T nguyn liu ban u l tinh bt, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch etylaxetat
160
Tit 64
A. Mc tiu
protein
Nm c protein l cht c bn khng th thiu c ca c th
sng.
Nm c protein c khi lng phn t rt ln v c cu to phn t
rt phc tp do nhiu amino axit to nn.

Nm c hai tnh cht quan trng ca protein l phn ng thu
phn v s ng t.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Mu vt c cha protein (hoc tranh nh) Th nghim :
t chy prott (tc, sng). S ng t ca protein.

Dng c:
n cn. Kp g. Panh. Dim. ng nghim. ng ht.

Ho cht:
Lng trng trng. Dung dch ru etylic.
161
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra l thuyt 1 HS :
HS: Tr li l thuyt.
Nu c im cu to phn t ca tinh bt, xenluloz v tnh cht ho hc ca chng. GV: Gi hai HS cha bi tp 1, HS: cha bi tp. 2, 4 (SGK, tr. 158)
Hot ng 2 (3 pht) I. Trng thi t nhin GV: Cho HS xem tranh nh v cc mu vt c cha protein sau gi HS nu trng thi t nhin ca protein (GV chiu ln mn hnh)
HS: Nu trng thi t nhin Protein c trong c th ngi, ng vt v thc vt nh: Trng, tht, mu, sa, tc, mng, r...
Hot ng 3 (5 pht) II. Thnh phn v cu to phn t GV: Gii thiu v chiu ln 1) Thnh phn nguyn t mn hnh:
Thnh phn nguyn t ch yu ca protein l cacbon, hiro, oxi, nit v mt lng nh lu hunh, photpho, kim loi...
HS: Nghe v ghi bi.
162
2) Cu to phn t GV: Gii thiu v chiu ln HS: Nghe v ghi bi mn hnh: protein c phn t khi rt ln v c cu to rt phc tp.
Cc th nghim cho thy: protein c to ra t cc amino axit , mi phn t amino axit l mt mt xch trong phn t protein
Hot ng 4 (15 pht) III. tnh cht 1) Phn ng thu phn GV: Gii thiu v chiu ln mn hnh
Khi un nng protein trong HS: Nghe v ghi bi axit dung dch axit hoc baz, Protein + nc to protein s b thu phn sinh ra hn hp amino axit cc amino axit : gi mt HS vit phng trnh phn ng (dng ch).
2) S phn hu bi nhit GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Tc, sng hoc lng g, chy c mi nghim : kht
t chy mt t tc (hoc sng) Nhn xt: Khi un nng mnh v khng gi HS nhn xt hin tng c nc, protein b phn hu to ra v kt lun. nhng cht bay hi v c mi kht. (GV chiu nhn xt ln mn hnh)
163
3) S ng t GV: Hng dn HS lm th HS: Lm th nghim (theo nhm) nghim (GV chiu ln mn hnh)
Cho mt t lng trng trng vo hai ng nghim.
ng 1, thm mt t nc, lc nh ri un nng. ng 2: cho thm mt t ru v lc u. GV: Gi HS nu hin tng v rt ra nhn xt. GV: Chiu nhn xt ln mn hnh.
HS: Nu hin tng : xut hin kt ta trng trong c hai ng nghim. Nhn xt: Khi un nng hoc cho thm ru etylic, lng trng trng b kt ta. Mt s protein tan c trong nc, to thnh dung dch keo, khi un nng hoc cho thm ho cht vo cc dung dch ny thng xy ra kt ta. Hin tng gi l s ng t.
Hot ng 5 (5 pht) IV. ng dng GV: t cu hi: em hy nu HS: Nu cc ng dng ca protein nh: cc ng dng ca protein? lm thc n, ngoi ra cn c cc ng dng khc nh: trong cng nghip dt (len, t tm), da, m ngh (sng ng)... Hot ng 6 (6 pht) Luyn tp cng c GV: Em hy nu hin tng xy HS: Nu hin tng ra khi vt chanh vo sa b hoc Khi vt chanh vo sa b hoc sa u nnh: c xut hin kt ta (do cc cht sa u nnh. protein b ng t)
164
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp:
HS: Lm bi tp vo v.
(GV chiu ln mn hnh)
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Tng t nh axit axetic, axit 1) 2H2NCH2COOH + 2Na amino axetic (H2NCH2 2H2NCH2COONa + H2 COOH) c th tc dng c 2) 2H NCH COOH + Na CO 2 2 2 3 vi Na, Na2CO3 , NaOH, 2H2NCH2COONa + H2O + CO2 C2H5OH. Em hy vit cc 3) H2NCH2COOH + NaOH phng trnh phn ng . H2NCH2COONa + H2O 4) H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH
H 2 SO 4 d, t H2NCH2COOC2H5+H2O
o
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh. Hot ng 7 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK, tr. 160).
165
Tit 65
A. Mc tiu
polime
Nm c nh ngha, cu to, cch phn loi, tnh cht chung ca cc
polime.
Nm c cc khi nim cht do, t, cao su v nhng ng dng ch
yu ca cc loi vt liu ny trong thc t.

T cng thc cu to ca mt s polime vit cng thc tng qut, t
suy ra cng thc ca monome v ngc li.

GV:
Mu polime: ti PE, cao su, v dy in, mu sm lp xe... Hnh v s cc dng mch ca polime trong SGK.
HS: Su tm nhng hiu bit v mt s polime v nhng ng dng ca chng trong i sng.
C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c GV: HS: Tr li cu hi.
Kim tra s s Kim tra bi c: Vit cng thc phn t ca tinh bt, xenluloz v protein nhn xt c im cu to phn t ca cc cht trn so vi ru etylic, glucoz, metan.
166
Hot ng 2 I. Khi nim chung GV: Dn dt vn kt hp HS: c nh ngha: vic HS c SGK, rt ra khi Polime l nhng cht c phn t khi ln nim v polime. do nhiu mt xch lin kt vi nhau. (GV c th cung cp thm thng tin v phn t khi ca mt vi polime thng dng) GV: GV thng bo hoc cho HS c SGK, sau tm tt theo s SGK. GV: Nu cu hi: HS: Tr li:
Polime c phn loi nh th Theo ngun gc polime c chia thnh no? 2 loi: polime thin nhin v polime tng hp.
Hot ng 3 II. Cu to v tnh cht GV: Gi HS c SGK. a) Cu to HS: HS c SGK v cu to phn t polime, rt ra nhn xt v cng thc chung v mt xch polime. GV: GV gii thiu hnh v s mch ca polime, rt ra kt lun. HS: Nu kt lun:
Tu c im, cc mt xch c th lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch thng hoc mch nhnh.
167
b) Tnh cht GV: Thng bo hoc gii thiu th nghim v ho tan polime trong mt s iu kin. GV:
Cc polime thng l cht rn, khng bay hi. Hu ht cc polime khng tan trong nc hoc cc dung mi thng thng (ru, ete...). (c th cho HS c SGK, tm tt cc ni dung chnh)
Hot ng 4 Dn d bi tp v nh GV: Cho HS lm bi tp trong phiu hc tp.
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 4 SGK 165.
Ph lc
phiu hc tp
1. Hy ch ra mt xch trong phn t ca mi polime sau: PVC, polipropilen, polietilen. 2. Vit cng thc chung ca polime tng hp t mi cht sau: stiren C8H8
CH CH2
168
Tit 66
A. Mc tiu
Polime (tip)
Nm c nh ngha, cu to, cch phn loi, tnh cht chung ca cc
polime.
Nm c cc khi nim cht do, t, cao su v nhng ng dng ch
yu ca cc loi vt liu ny trong thc t.

T cng thc cu to ca mt s polime vit cng thc tng qut, t
suy ra cng thc ca monome v ngc li.

GV: Chun b mu polime : cht do, t, cao su. Phim t liu v khai thc cao su (nu c iu kin) HS: HS su tm mt s mu cht do, t, cao su, tm hiu bit v cht do, t, cao su v ng dng ca chng trong i sng.
C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 kim tra bi c cha bi tp v nh GV: n nh t chc. Gi HS HS: Cha bi tp s 4. cha bi tp s 4. Hot ng 2 ng dng ca polime 1) Cht do l g? GV: Thng bo v cc dng ph bin ca polime c dng trong i sng.
169
GV: Gi HS c SGK.
HS: Cht do l g?
a) Cht do l mt loi vt liu c tnh do c ch to t polime. b) Cht do c thnh phn nh th no?

GV: Gi HS tr li cu hi 1 trong phiu hc tp:
C th cho i din nhm HS trnh by nhng hiu bit v:
Cht do, tnh do, Thnh phn cht do. u im ca cht do.
Do nhm su tm c.
Thnh phn chnh: polime Thnh phn ph: cht do ho, cht n, cht ph gia.
c) Cht do c nhng u im g?
Nh, bn, cch in, cch nhit, d gia cng.
GV: Hng dn HS lin h v cc vt dng c ch to t cht do nu dc nhng u im ca cht do. So snh vic ch to mt vt dng bng g hoc kim loi vi ch to t cht do. So snh mt vi vt bng g, kim loi vi bng cht do, t rt ra c cc u im ca cht do. Tuy nhin cng cn ch ra nhng nhc im ca cht do (km bn nhit).
170
Hot ng 3 2) T l g ? HS: GV: Gi HS c SGK a) T l nhng polime (t nhin hay tng hp) c cu to mch thng v c th ko thnh si di. GV: Cho HS xem s phn b) T c phn loi nh th no? loi t trong SGK. Sau cho T gm: t t nhin v t ho hc (trong HS tm tt li v tr li cu hi c t nhn to v t tng hp) 2 trong phiu hc tp GV: Lu HS khi s dng cc vt dng bng t: khng git bng nc nng, trnh phi nng, l i nhit cao. Hot ng 4 3) Cao su l g? GV: Hi : Cao su l g? HS: a) Cao su l g? Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi. GV: t vn v tnh ph bin ca cc vt dng bng cao su, xy dng tnh hung hc tp. GV: Gi HS c SGK tr li cu hi 3 trong phiu hc tp hoc thut trnh v khi nim cao su. GV: Thng bo v s phn loi b) Cao su c phn loi nh th no? cao su Cao su gm: cao su t nhin v cao su tng hp. GV: sinh ng v nu c iu kin cho HS xem phim t liu v trng v khai thc cao su.
171
So snh cuc sng ca phu cao su thi Php thuc vi cng nhn cao su ngy nay thy c s i thay ln lao trong i sng ca ngi lm ngh trng v khai thc cao su. c) Cao su c nhng c im g? Cao su c nhiu u im: n hi, khng thm nc, khng thm kh, chu mi mn, cch in... Do vy cao su c rt nhiu ng dng.
GV: Hng dn HS lin h v cc vt dng c ch to t cao su nu c nhng u im ca cao su. Hot ng 5 Dn d bi tp v nh GV: So snh cht do, t v cao su v thnh phn, u im. C th lp bng so snh. Bi tp v nh 5 SGK , tr.194. Ph lc
phiu hc tp
1. T kin thc thc t v ni dung SGK, hy tr li cc ni dung sau: Th no l cht do, tnh do? Thnh phn cht do gm? u im ca cht do? Nhc im ca cht do? 2. Nu nhng vt dng c sn xut t t m em bit. Vit Nam c nhng a phng no sn xut t ni ting? 3. Hy nu cc vt dng xung quanh c ch to t cao su m em bit? Tnh cht chung ca cc vt dng l g? Xut pht t ngun gc ngi ta chia cao su thnh nhng loi cao su no? 172
Tit 67
Thc hnh: tnh cht ca Gluxit
A. Mc tiu
Cng c cc kin thc v phn ng c trng ca glucoz, saccaroz,
tinh bt. Tip tc rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim, rn luyn thc cn thn, kin tr trong hc tp v thc hnh ho hc.
GV:
ng nghim Gi ng ng nghim. n cn. Dung dch glucoz, NaOH, AgNO3, NH3
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 I. kim tra bi c- cha bi tp v nh (10 pht) GV: Kim tra s chun b ca phng HS: Tr li cu hi l thuyt ca th nghim. GV. Kim tra l thuyt c llin quan n ni dung bi thc hnh Hot ng 2 (25 pht) I. Tin hnh th nghim 1) Th nghim 1:
Tc dng ca glucoz vi bc nitrat trong dung dch amoniac.

173
GV: Hng dn HS lm th nghim: HS:
Cho vi git dung dch AgNO3 Lm th nghim theo nhm. vo dung dch NH3 , lc nh Quan st v ghi chp. Cho tip 1ml dung dch glucoz vo, ri un nng nh trn ngn la n cn (hoc t vo nc nng).
GV: Gi mt vi HS nu hin HS: Nu hin tng: tng, nhn xt v vit phng trnh C Ag to thnh: phn ng. Phng trnh:
NH3 C6H12O6 + Ag2O C6H12O7
+ 2Ag
2) Th nghim 2: Phn bit glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt. GV: t vn :
C 3 dung dch: glucoz, saccaroz, h tinh bt (long) ng trong ba l b mt nhn. Em hy nu cch phn bit 3 l dung dch trn
GV: Gi HS trnh by cch lm, HS: Trnh by cch lm:
+ Nh 1 2 git dung dch iot vo 3 dung dch trong 3 ng nghim :
Nu thy xut hin mu xanh: l h tinh bt.

+ Nh 1 2 git dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 vo 2 dung dch cn li, un nng nh:
Nu thy xut hin Ag kt ta bm vo thnh ng nghim , l dung dch glucoz.

174
Cn li l dung dch saccaroz.

GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tin HS: Tin hnh phn bit 3 l ho hnh th nghim theo cc bc cht v ghi li kt qu vo tng trn. trnh. Hot ng 3 (10 pht) II. Vit tng trnh GV: Nhn xt HS lm tng trnh HS: Lm tng trnh (c nhn). theo mu.
Yu cu HS lm tng trnh theo mu.
175
Tit 68
n tp cui nm Phn I: ho v c
A. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc
HS lp c mi quan h gia cc cht v c: kim loi, phi kim, oxit, axit,baz, mui c biu din bi s trong bi hc.
2. K nng
Bit thit lp mi quan h gia cc cht v c da trn tnh cht v cc
phng php iu ch chng. Bit chn cht c th chng minh cho mi quan h c thit lp. Vn dng tnh cht ca cc cht v c hc vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din mi quan h gia cc cht.
GV: My chiu, giy trong, bt d.

C. Tin trnh bi ging
Hot ng 1 I. kin thc cn nh (20 pht) GV: Gi HS ln lt h thng HS: Ln lt pht biu kin h li cc ni dung hc (phn v thng ho li cc ni dung kin thc c c) GV chiu ln mn hnh cc bn hc. ni dung sau:
Phn loi cc hp cht v c Tnh cht ho hc ca cc loi hp cht v c.

176
Mi lin h gia cc cht v c: yu cu cc nhm HS tho lun vit phng trnh phn ng cho s
GV: Chiu ln mn hnh s :
Kim loi (1) Oxit baz (2) Baz (5) (3) (6) Phi kim (9) Oxit axit (8) (10) Axit
HS: Tho lun nhm :
Cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho cho s th hin mi quan h gia cc cht v c. 1) Kim loi

oxit baz
o
O
Mui
t 2Cu + O2 2CuO
Cu + H2O CuO + H2 t
2) Oxit baz
baz 2NaOH
Na2O + H2O
o
t 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
3) Kim loi
mui.
o
t Mg + Cl2 MgCl2
CuSO4 + Fe 4) Oxit baz
Cu + FeSO4 mui Na2CO3
Na2O + CO2 CaCO3 5) Baz

o
t CaO + CO2
mui.
Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl 6) Mui

phi kim
t
o
2KClO3
2KCl
3O2
(MnO2)
177
t Fe + S FeS
o
7) Mui
oxit axit
K2SO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + SO2 SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O 8) Mui

axit
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl 2HCl + Cu(OH)2 CuCl2 + 2H2O 9) Phi kim oxit axit
t 4P + 5O2 2P2O5
o
10) Oxit axit axit P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4

GV: Chiu bi lm ca cc nhm HS ln mn hnh v t chc cho HS nhn xt, sa sai. Hot ng 2 (24 pht) II. Bi tp GV: Chiu ln mn hnh bi HS: Lm bi tp vo v. luyn tp 1 yu cu HS lm bi tp vo v. Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng HS: Lm bi tp: php phn bit cc cht rn + nh s th t cc l ho cht v ly sau: CaCO3; Na2CO3; Na2SO4 mu th.
Cho nc vo cc ng nghim v lc u. Nu thy cht rn khng tan mu th l CaCO3 Nu cht rn tan to thnh dung dch l:
178
Na2CO3; Na2SO4 + Nh dung dch HCl vo 2 mui cn li Nu thy si bt l Na2CO3 Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 Cn li l Na2SO4
GV: Chiu bi lnm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt
c th chiu cc cch phn bit khc ln mn hnh

GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp s HS: Lp cc s chuyn ho v vit 2 (SGK 167) GV chiu bi phng trnh phn ng: ln mn hnh (HS c th lp V d : thnh cc dy bin ho khc (2) FeCl3 (1) Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 nhau) ( 3) ( 4) Fe FeCl2 GV chiu cc phng n lp ca Phng trnh: HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt. 1) FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
2) 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O

O
3) Fe2O3 + 3CO t 2Fe + 3CO2

O
4) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
GV: C th t chc cho cc
nhm HS tho lun sp xp thnh nhiu dy chuyn ho khc nhau v vit phng trnh phn ng
GV: Yu cu HS lm bi tp 3. Bi tp 3: Cho 2,11 gam hn hp A gm Zn, ZnO vo dung
179
dch CuSO4 d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, lc HS: Lm bi tp 3 vo v. ly phn rn khng tan, ra sch ri cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th cn li 1,28 gam cht rn khng tan mu . a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp A a) Phng trnh : Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu (1) V CuSO4 d nn Zn phn ng ht. ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O mCu = 1,28g nCu =
1,28 = 0,02 (mol) 64
Theo phng trnh (1): nZn = nCU = 0,02 (mol)
mZn = 0,02 65 = 1,3 (gam)

mZnO = 2,11 1,3 = 0,81 (gam)
HS: Chiu bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt, chm im. Hot ng 3 (1 pht) Dn d
180
Bi tp v nh: 1, 3, 4, 5 (SGK, tr. 167).

Ph lc
phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php phn bit cc cht rn sau: CaCO3; Na2CO3; Na2SO4 Bi tp 2: Cho 2,11 gam hn hp A gm Zn, ZnO vo dung dch CuSO4 d Sau khi phn ng kt thc, lc ly phn rn khng tan, ra sch ri cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th cn li 1,28 gam cht rn khng tan mu . a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp A.
181
Tit 69
n tp cui nm (tip) Phn II: ho hu c
A. Mc tiu
Cng c li nhng kin thc hc v cc cht hu c. Hnh thnh mi lin h c bn gia cc cht. Cng c cc k nng gii bi tp, cc k nng vn dng kin thc vo
thc t.
GV:
My chiu, giy trong, bt d. Bng nhm.
C. Tin trnh bi ging

Hot ng 1 I. kin thc cn nh (10 pht) GV: Yu cu cc nhm HS tho HS: Tho lun nhm v ghi vo v. lun v cc ni dung sau: (GV chiu ln mn hnh) Cng thc cu to ca metan, etilen, axetilen, benzen, ru etylic, axit axetic. c im cu to ca cc hp cht trn. Phn ng c trng ca cc hp cht trn.
ng dng.
182
GV: Chiu kt qu tho lun ca cc nhm ln mn hnh v tng kt, thng nht kin. Hot ng 2 (34 pht) II. Bi tp GV: Chiu bi luyn tp 1 HS: Lm bi tp 1 vo v. ln mn hnh v yu cu cc a) Ln lt dn cc cht kh vo dung nhm tho lun: dch nc vi trong Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng Nu thy dung dch nc vi trong vn php ho hc phn bit : c l kh CO2 :
a) Cc cht kh: CH4 , C2H4 , Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O CO2 Nu khng c hin tng g l CH4; C2H4 b) Cc cht lng: C2H5OH; Dn 2 kh cn li vo dung dch brom CH3COOH; C6H6 dung dch nc brom mt mu l do C H
2 4
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 Nu dung dch nc brom khng mt mu th kh dn vo l CH4 b) nh s th t cc l ho cht v ly mu th. + Ln lt cho cc cht tc dng vi Na2CO3 Nu thy si bt l CH3COOH 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 + Cho 2 cht cn li tc dng vi Na.
Nu c si bt l: C2H5OH
Nu khng c hin tng g l C6H6 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2
183
GV: Chiu bi lm ca HS (chn bi in hnh) ln mn hnh v nhn xt. GV: Chiu bi luyn tp 2 ln mn hnh v yu cu HS lm bi tp vo v. Bi tp 2: t chy hon ton m(gam) mt hiro cacbon A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim , thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam. bnh 2 c 30 gam kt ta.
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit t khi ca A so vi hiro bng 21. b) Tnh m?

HS: Lm bi tp vo v.
Phng trnh: y y to CxHy + (x + )O2 xCO2 + H2O 4 2 (1) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2) Dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c th ton b hi nc b hp th, vy khi lng bnh tng 5,4 gam l khi lng nc to thnh phn ng t chy A:
m H 2O =
184
5,4 = 0,3 mol ( 1) 18
+ bnh 2 c 30 gam m CaCO3 = 30 (gam) n CaCO3 = 30 = 0,3 (mol) 100
Theo phng trnh (2): n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,3 (mol) m n CO2 (2) = n CO2 (1) Ta c: MA = d A
2 = 21 2 = 42 (gam)
H2
Gi s mol CxHy t l a Theo phng trnh 1: n CO2 = ax ax = 0,3 n H2O = 0,3 ay = 0,6 mt khc: 0,3 ax = y = 2x 0,6 ay
12x + y = 42 12x + 2x = 42 x = 3 y=6 Vy cng thc phn t ca A l C3H6 b)V ax = 0,3 ; x = 3
a = 0,1 m C3H6 = 0,1 42 = 4,2 (gam)

GV: Chiu mt s bi lm ca HS ln mn hnh v nhn xt (c th hng dn HS lm bng nhiu cch khc.)
185
Hot ng 3 (1 pht)
Bi tp v nh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (SGK, tr. 168).
Ph lc
phiu hc tp
Bi tp 1: Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit : a) Cc cht kh: CH4 , C2H4 , CO2 b) Cc cht lng: C2H5OH; CH3COOH; C6H6 Bi tp 2: t chy hon ton m(gam) mt hiro cacbon A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim , thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam. bnh 2 c 30 gam kt ta. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit t khi ca A so vi hiro bng 21. b) Tnh m?
186
kim tra hc k II lp 9 Mn: Ha hc

Thi gian 45 pht (khng k chp ) Phn I: Trc nghim khch quan (3 im)
Cu 1: Hy khoanh trn mt trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D ng trc cu tr li ng: 1. Dy cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch brom l: A) C2H4, C6H6, CH4; B) C2H2, CH4, C2H4; C) C2H2, C2H4; D) C2H2, H2, CH4. 2. Dy cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH l: A) CO2, Ba(OH)2, CO; B) CO, SO3, Cl2; C) CO2, SO3, Cl2; D) MgO, SO2, P2O5. 3. Dy cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch HCl l: A) Na2CO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Ba(OH)2; B) NaHCO3, Na2SO4, KCl; C) CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, BaSO4; D) AgNO3, K2CO3, AgCl.
Phn II. T lun (7 im)

Cu 2 (3 im): Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng cho s sau: C2H5ONa C2H4 C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 C2H5OH CO2 Cu 3 (4 im): Ho tan 10,6 gam hn hp gm CaCO3 v CaO cn va m gam dung dch axit HCl 7,3%. Phn ng kt thc thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc): a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. c) Tnh m. d) Tnh nng % ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng. (Ca = 40; C = 12; O = 16; H = 1)
187
p n v biu im
Ni dung Phn I: Trc nghim khch quan (3 im) Cu 1: 1- C 2- C 3- A Phn II. T lun (7 im) Cu 2: C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
axit
im
1,0 1,0 1,0
3 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 4 CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Tnh ra khi lng CaCO3 = 5 gam Tm ra khi lng CaO = 5,6 gam Tm ra khi lng HCl nguyn cht = 10,96 gam Tm ra khi lng dung dch HCl m = 150 gam Tnh ng nng phn trm ca dung dch sau phn ng l: C% Cal2 = 10,51% 0,5 0,5 0,75 0,25 0,5 0,5 1,0
2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
mengiam
2 4 CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H SO dac,t
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH Cu 3:
Ghi ch: Phn trc nghim: Nu HS khng hiu cu hi, ghi t 2 kt qu tr ln th khng cho im.
Phn t lun: Trong phng trnh ho hc c th ghi hoc khng ghi trng thi ca cc cht, nu HS vit sai cng thc th khng c im, ghi sai h s t 0,25 im, ghi thiu iu kin t 0,5 im. im ton bi lm trn theo quy nh.
188
kim tra hc k II lp 9 Mn: Ha hc

Thi gian 45 pht (khng k chp ) Phn I: Trc nghim (3 im)
Hy khoanh trn mt ch ci A, B, C, D trc cu tr li ng: Cu 1. Mt cht bt mu trng c tnh cht sau: Tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, sinh ra kh CO2: Khi b nung nng to ra kh CO2. Cht bt trng l: A) Na2SO4; B) K2CO3; C) NaHCO3; D) Na2CO3. Cu 2. Mt hiro cacbon c nhng tnh cht sau: Khi chy sinh ra CO2 v H2O. Lm mt mu dung dch brm. C t l s mol CO2 v H2O sinh ra khi chy l 1 : 1. Hiro cacbon l: A) CH4; B) C2H4; C) C2H2; D) C6H6. Cu 3. Dy cc cht sau tc dng c vi dung dch CH3COOH: A) NaOH, H2CO3, Na, C2H5OH; B) Cu, C2H5OH, CaCO3; KOH; C) KOH, NaCl, Na, C2H5OH; D) C2H5OH, NaOH, Zn, CaCO3. Cu 4. Glucoz tham gia cc phn ng ho hc sau: A) Phn ng oxi ho v phn ng thy phn; B) Phn ng ln men ru v phn ng thy phn; C) Phn ng oxi ho v phn ng ln men gim; D) Phn ng oxi ho v phn ng ln men ru.
Phn II. T lun (7 im)

Cu 1 (3 im): Vit phng trnh ho hc th hin nhng chuyn ho sau: Saccrz glucoz ru etylic axit axetic natri axetat. Cu 2 (4 im): Bi ton: t chy hon ton 11,2 lt kh metan (ktc). a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy lng kh trn? c) Dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng 80 g dung dch NaOH 25%. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh? (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; Na = 23).
189
p n v biu im
Ni dung Phn I: Trc nghim (3 im) Cu 1: C Cu 2: B Cu 3: D Cu 4: D Phn II. T lun (7 im) Ci 1: C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
axit, t
o
im
0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75
3,0 0,75
(glucoz)
Men ruou
(fructoz) 0,75 0,75 0,75
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 o

30- 32 C
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O

mengiam
2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 (Hoc NaOH, NaCO3) (Thiu iu kin tr 0,25 im, cn bng sai tr 0,25 im) Cu 2: a) Vit ng phng trnh phn ng: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
t
o
4,0 1,0 0,5 1,0
b) Tnh V ca O2 = 2VCH4 = 11,2 2 = 22,4 (lt) Tnh khi lng NaOH = 20 gam, tnh nNaOH = 0,5 mol c) Tnh nCH4 = 0,5 mol T nCO2 = nCH4 = 0,5 (mol) v nNaOH = 0,5 (mol) Vit ng phng trnh phn ng: CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3
Tnh khi lng ca NaHCO3 = 84 0,5 = 42 g
1,0 0,5
190
Mc lc
Trang
Chng 3: Phi kim. S lc v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (tip)

Tit 37 Tit 38 Tit 39 Tit 40 Tit 41 Tit 42 Tit 43 Tit 44 Tit 45 Tit 46 Tit 47 Tit 48 Tit 49 Tit 50 Tit 51 Tit 52 Tit 53 Axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat.................................................................... 3 Silic. Cng nghip silicat............................................................................. 11 S lc v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc .................................... 18 S lc v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (tip) ........................... 27 Luyn tp chng 3: Phi kim S lc bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc................................................................................ 36 Thc hnh: Tnh cht ho hc ca phi kim v hp cht ca chng............. 42
Chng 4: Hirocacbon. Nhin liu

Khi nim v hp cht hu c v Ho hc hu c ...................................... 47 Cu to phn t hp cht hu c................................................................ 52 Metan .................................................................................................... 59 Etilen .................................................................................................... 67 Axetilen .................................................................................................... 77 Kim tra 1 tit ............................................................................................. 88 Benzen .................................................................................................... 89 Du m v kh thin nhin .......................................................................... 95 Nhin liu ................................................................................................. 102 Luyn tp chng 4: Hirocacbon. Nhin liu .......................................... 106 Thc hnh: Tnh cht ca hirocacbon ..................................................... 113
Chng 5: Dn xut ca hirocacbon. Polime

Tit 54 Ru etylic................................................................................................ 116 Tit 55 Axit axetic ................................................................................................. 123 Tit 56 Mi lin h gia etilen, ru etylic v axit axetic ....................................... 131 Tit 57 Kim tra 1 tit ........................................................................................... 135 Tit 58 Cht bo .................................................................................................. 136 Tit 59 Luyn tp: Ru etylic axit axetic v cht bo ....................................... 141 Tit 60 Thc hnh: Tnh cht ca ru etylic v axit axetic................................... 144 Tit 61 Glucoz .................................................................................................. 146 Tit 62 Saccaroz ................................................................................................ 149 Tit 63 Tinh bt v xenluloz................................................................................ 154 Tit 64 Protein .................................................................................................. 161 Tit 65 Polime .................................................................................................. 166 Tit 66 Polime (tip) ............................................................................................. 169 Tit 67 Thc hnh: Tnh cht ca Gluxit ............................................................... 173 Tit 68 n tp cui nm Phn I: Ho v c ....................................................... 176 Tit 69 n tp cui nm (tip) Phn II: Ho hu c ........................................... 182 kim tra hc k II lp 9 Mn: Ha hc ................................................................... 187 kim tra hc k II lp 9 Mn: Ha hc .................................................................. 189
191
Thit k bi ging
Ho hc 9 Tp hai
Cao C Gic (Ch bin)
Nh xut bn H ni 2005
Chu trch nhim xut bn: Nguyn khc onh
Bin tp: Phm quc tun V ba: Trnh by: Sa bn in: Nguyn Tun thi sn - sn lm phm quc tun
In 3000 cun, kh 17 x 24 cm, ti Cng ty c phn in Phc Yn. Giy php xut bn s: 02dGV/778/CXB. Cp ngy 23/5/2005. In xong v np lu chiu qu I/2006.
192

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cao c gic (Ch bin) v minh h

373 373 (V) M s : HN 05 2 02dGV/778/05

Chng 3 - phi kim. s lc v bng tun hon

Axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat

C. Tin trnh bi ging

Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

GV: Gi HS nu nhn xt.

dng vi dung dch baz

GV: Gi HS nu nhn xt.

dng vi dung dch mui

cacbonat b nhit phn hu

GV: Gii thiu tnh cht ny.

t CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Hin tng + Phng trnh phn ng

Cho dung dch NaHCO3, Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl

Dung dch K2CO3 tc dng vi Ca(OH)2

C vn c trng xut hin: K2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 2KOH + CaCO3

Dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch CaCl2

C vn c trng xut hin: Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Nu thy c bt kh thot ra l NaHCO3 v:

Nu khng c hin tng g l NaCl.

BaCO3 NaCl HS: Lm bi tp vo v.

Silic. cng nghip silicat

1. Kin thc HS bit c:

cao lanh, thch anh... Silic ioxit l mt oxit axit.

L phi kim hot ng yu hn cacbon, clo. Tc dng vi oxi nhit cao:

Silic c dng lm vt liu bn dn trong k thut in t v c dng ch to pin mt tri.

Tnh cht ho hc ca SiO2 l:

Tc dng vi kim( nhit cao)

Tc dng vi oxit baz ( nhit cao)

SiO2 khng phn ng vi nc to thnh axit.

a) Nguyn liu sn xut b) Cc cng on chnh

Nguyn liu chnh. Cc cng on chnh. Cc c s sn xut.

t CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3

t Na2CO3 + SiO2 Na2SiO3 + CO2

Dn d, ra bi tp v nh. Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK tr. 95).

S lc v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc

HS: n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t lp 8.

K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t: Mg.

Tn nguyn t: Magie. Nguyn t khi: 24.

HS: Nu cc kin ca nhm mnh, trong c cc ni dung nh sau:

Bng h thng tun hon c 7 chu k, trong :

Bng h thng tun hon c

S th t, tn nguyn t, k hiu. Chu k Nhm.

in tch ht nhn. S proton trong ht nhn. S electron. S lp electron. S electron lp ngoi.

Silic Photpho Kali Canxi

Cu to nguyn t K hiu in tch ht nhn S p S e S lp e

Hot ng 5 (2 pht) Bi tp v nh 1, 2 SGK tr. 101.

S lc v bng tun hon Cc nguyn t ho hc (tip)

1. Kin thc HS bit:

t, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t v ngc li. 2. K nng HS bit:

bng tun hon.

HS: n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t lp 8.

Tho lun nhm theo cc ni dung m GV hng dn.

Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc nguyn t thay i nh th no?

S electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau S lp electron tng dn t 1 n 7.

A chu k 3 nguyn t A c 3 lp e. A thuc nhmVII lp ngoi cng c 7 electron.

v tr trong bng h thng TT K hiu TT Chu k Nhm S p tun hon

Tnh cht ho hc S e lp ngoi c bn

Luyn tp chng 3 Phi kim s lc bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc

1. Kin thc Gip HS h thng ho li cc kin thc hc trong chng nh sau:

axit cacbonic, tnh cht ca mui cacbonat.

bin i c th v ngc li. Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din s bin i .