CHNG X: CAC LOAI XI MANG TREN C S XMP

Mot lp kha ln cac san pham CKD vo c c san xuat tren c s clinker XM. Vi thanh phan khoang c ban la cac khoang cua clinker XMP tron vi cac phu gia khac nhau tao nen nhng tnh chat can thiet cua XM, nang cao tnh kinh te cung nh kha nang ng dung trong nhng lnh vc khac nhau. I XIMANG POOCLANG (PC) VA XM HON HP (PCB) Tren th trng Viet Nam hien nay, pho bien nhat la PC va PCB.

Ximang

Pooclang (PC) la san pham

nghien mn clinker XMP vi phu gia thach cao (35%), ky hieu ghi tren vo bao ban tren th trng la PC. XMP co cng o phat trien nhanh, khong an mon cot thep, tuy nhien lng nhiet toa ra nhieu va kem chu moi trng an mon. Ve mat kinh te, XMP co gia thanh tng oi cao.

Ximang pooclang hon Porland Blended Cements):

hp

(PCB:

La san pham nghien mn clinker XMP vi thach cao va nhng phu gia khac (phu gia hoat tnh hoac phu gia ay, phu gia cong nghe, trong o tong ham lng phu gia toi a ti 40%, trong o phu gia ay khong qua 20% va phu gia cong nghe khong qua 1%).

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 Phu gia khoang hoat tnh gom cac loai vat lieu thien nhien hoac nhan tao co tnh thuy lc (thng la cac loai at a nui la puzland, tro bay, tro x). Phu gia ay la cac loai vat lieu khoang thien nhien hoac nhan tao khong co tnh thuy lc, ch ong vai tro cot lieu mn, cai thien thanh phan cau truc cua a XM (bot a voi, cat). Phu gia cong nghe la cac loai phu gia co kha nang cai thien mot tnh chat nao o cua XM, ap ng yeu cau ky thuat khi s dung ay la loai XM co the dung rat tot trong nhng yeu cau xay dng dan dung thong thng do on nh the tch khi ong ran, t toa nhiet. Ve mat kinh te, ay la loai XM ket hp c cac tnh nang ky thuat va u, gia thanh thap nhat do co the s dung nhieu loai phu gia co san trong t nhien cung nh phe thai cua nhng nganh cong nghiep khac. Cac tnh chat c ly cua PCB phu thuoc nhieu vao tnh chat phu gia c s dung. Thng lng nc tieu chuan tang hn, toc o ninh ket va ong ran cham hn XMP thong thng. Phu gia ay thng dung la bot a voi (CaCO3 nghien mn). Cac loai PCB c anh gia la deo, de thi cong, ac biet khi lam va to trat. Vi nhng cong trnh co yeu cau ky thuat ac biet, can biet ro tnh chat cua cac phu gia s dung trong XM hon hp. Noi chung, du dung vi phu gia nao, thi gian
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bat au va ket thuc ong ran khong nen thay oi, do yeu to th trng (trng hp can phu gia ong ran nhanh hoac cham co yeu cau rieng.

II CAC LOAI XM KHAC TREN C S XMP

1 XMP ONG RAN NHANH VA XMP MAC CAO

XMP ong ran nhanh:

c ac trng bang kha nang tang o ben rat nhanh trong giai oan au khi ong ran. (Ben nen sau ba ngay em t 25 MPa, sau 28 ngay em t 40 MPa tr len, ben uon sau ba ngay em t 4 MPa). ac trng ln nhat la tang ham lng C3A t 50% tr len. Tuy nhien, ham lng C3A cao lam tang nhiet thuy hoa.

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Nguyen lieu e san xuat XMP ong ran nhanh: Phai am bao lng tap chat la t nhat. Can tnh ti lng pha thuy tinh nham tang hoat tnh qua trnh nung luyen clinker (Co the dung trang thach nong chay lam chat tr nung). Nguyen lieu can nghien mn hn, o ong nhat cao hn. Nhiet o nung co the nang cao hn, nhien lieu t hoac khong co tro la tot nhat. Toc o lam nguoi clinker can nhanh hn. Tang o mn cung la cach tang nhanh toc o ong ran. o mn cua XMP ong ran nhanh, khoang 3500 cm2/g (o mn XMP thng la 28003000 cm2/g). Khi nghien thng cho them phu gia khoang hoa (khoang 10%) va x lo cao (khong qua 10%). XM ong ran nhanh c dung trong nhng ieu kien ky thuat ac biet: sa cha nhanh cau ng, cong trnh xay dng. Do nhieu C3A mac XM khong cao, nhiet toa ra trong qua trnh ong ran ln.

XM mac cao: la loai XM ac biet, ay c

hieu theo ngha cng o tang sau 28 ngay em dng ho, phai at ben nen t 60 MPa va ben uon t 6,5 MPa tr len. e at cng o cao, ham lng C3S phai cao. Nhng loai XMP ac biet nay thng i kem nhieu tieu chuan rat khat khe ve qui trnh san xuat:

g) .

Can nghien XM mn hn ( 6000 9000 cm2 /

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 Dung cac chat hoa deo hu c, phu gia sieu deo lam giam lng nc thuy hoa. Dung cac phu gia hoat tnh ac biet nh SiO2 hoat tnh: giam o xop cua XM khi ong ran.

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2 XI MANG TRANG VA XM MAU:

2 1 XMP trang (PCW)

La loai XM co lng toi thieu oxt sat ( khong qua 0,4-0,5 %) va cac loai oxt mau khac. ay la loai XM co modul alumin va modul silicat cao, Ham lng C3S trung bnh (35 55%), Ham lng C2S cao (35 50%), C3A cao (5 10%), khoang C4AF thap (0,5 1,5%). Mau trang c so vi mau cua BaSO4 c coi la 100%. XM trang loai I co o trang > 76%, loai II > 73% va loai III > 66%. Nguyen lieu san xuat XM trang co ham lng oxt gay mau nh Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, MnO... cang nho cang tot. Nguyen lieu cung cap CaO thng la a voi ham lng CaCO3 cao (> 97%) hoac a phan trang; nguyen lieu cung cap Al2O3 thng la cao lanh trang (khong dung at set). Qua trnh nghien, do phai tranh sat cung tr nen phc tap hn nhieu, ngay ca voi ot cung khong c phep dung kim loai cha sat. e tang o trang co the tron them ZnO hoac TiO2 nghien chung vi clinker. Nung XM trang cung kho khan hn rat nhieu v khong cha Fe2O3 nen nhiet o nung cao hn nhiet o nung XMP thng (cao hn khoang 1000C). e tang cng qua trnh phan ng, giam nhiet o nung luyen, ngi ta dung cac chat tr dung khong cha sat nh Na2SiF6, CaF2.

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Nhien lieu kh hoac long hoac nung lo ien, khong cha tro de gay mau cho XM. Mac cua XM trang (o ben nen sau 28 ngay em dng ho) la 30, 40 va tham ch 60 MPa, o ben uon tng ng 4,5 ; 5,5 va 6 MPa.

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2 2 XM mau:
Khi tron chung XM trang vi cac mau can thiet (khong qua 15%) roi nghien chung. Mau khong co tac dung phu vi XM, chu c ieu kien nang, ma thi tiet khong b bien mau. Cac mau thng dung la mau vo c.

3 XI MANG DEO
XMP deo co o linh ong cao hn so vi XMP thng. Nh vay co the tao hnh nhng ket cau co hnh dang phc tap. Cac loai XM nay con co kha nang ben bang gia cao hn XM thng. XM deo c san xuat bang cach cho them cac phu gia can thiet khi nghien cung vi thach cao. Cac phu gia thng la cac chat hoat tnh be mat dang nam men cha sunft hoac sunftalcohol (0,15-0,25% khoi lng vat lieu nghien). Nh nhng phu gia loai nay, co the giam lng nc tieu ph so vi mc bnh thng, tang o ben, o ben bang gia va o tham nc cua be tong. 4 XM K NC: Loai XM nay khac vi XMP thong thng kha nang giam thieu s tch tu nc khi bao quan va van chuyen, ong thi tang o linh ong, kha nang bao quan, o ben bang gia. XM k nc co kha nang gi nguyen hoat tnh cua mnh trong thi gian tng oi lau, ngay ca trong moi trng khong kh am.

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San xuat XM nay bang cach cho them vao XM thong thng khi nghien cung thach cao cac phu gia dang acidol, acidol-dau xa phong, dau xa phong, cac dau axt, petrolatum oxy hoa (0,06-0,30% khoi lng). Cac phu gia nay co tac dung tao nhng bot kh rat nho va phu gia k nc cung la phu gia deo, phu gia tr nghien. 5 XM BEN SUNPHAT XMP ben sunphat co modul silicat cao, modul alumin khong ln va he so bao hoa khong qua cao. Ham lng cac hp chat khong ben sunfat trong XM tng oi nho. Ham lng C3A < 5%, C3S < 50%,(C3A + C4AF) < 22%. Tong ham lng cac oxt kiem (quy ve Na2O) R2O < 0,6%.

MPa).

Mac XM thng phai at 400 kG/cm2 (40

XM ben sunphat dung cho ket cau be tong va be tong cot sat ngang mc nc, chu tac dung cua cac loai nc khoang. Khi ham lng sunfat thap dung XM x. 6 XM GIENG KHOAN La loai XM dung cho cong nghiep khoan dau kh, e phan cach lo khoan vi nc bien. Trong cong nghe dau kh, nhiet o cac lo khoan tang theo o sau cac mui khoan, XM phai ong ran trong ieu kien nhiet o tng oi cao, co the 40-900C, tham ch 1100C va cao hn.

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 nhiet o cao, tot nhat dung XM co ham lng C3S cao nham tang thi gian ong ran va o ben c. nhiet o cao hn 1000C, dung XM vi ham lng C3A < 6%, v nhiet o cao C3A lam tang qua trnh ong ran. Cac loai XM dung cho gieng khoan co nhng yeu cau ky thuat cu the tuy theo quoc gia.V du tieu chuan Nga: ben uon sau 1 ngay em 75 30C phai ln hn 4,5 MPa, ben nen 16 MPa, phan ra va XM t 210 mm tr len,bat au ong ran khong trc 1h 45 phut, ket thuc ong ran khong cham hn 4h 30 phut.

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7 XM POOCLANG - PUZLAN La san pham nghien tron ong thi phu gia hoat hoa (phu gia thuy lc) vi clinker XMP hoac tron lan cac san pham a nghien mn cua phu gia va XM. Cac chat thng dung lam phu gia hoat hoa co the la diatomt, trepel,tro nui la... Cac loai x lo cao, tro, manh gach nung, cao lanh nung ... Trong cac loai phu gia, pho bien va quan trong nhat la at nui la co cau truc xop, hat mn hoac cuc nho, goi la puzlan. Trong thanh phan puzlan cha mot lng kha ln oxt silc dang thuy tinh vi o hoat hoa cao. Ham lng thuy tinh hoat hoa phu thuoc mc lam nguoi cua phun trao (macma) nui la. XM Pooc lang Puzlan (XMP- Puzlan): La chat ket dnh thuy lc, nhan c bang cach nghien ong thi clinker XMP va phu gia hoat hoa Puzlan theo ty le nhat nh (thng t 20-40%). Cung co the san xuat bang cach nghien rieng biet clinker va at puzlan ti o mn cho phep, sau o tron lan vi nhau: phng phap nay thng c s dung hn do tiet kiem c chi ph nghien. e keo dai thi gian ong ran, trong ca hai trng hp, ngi ta phai dung thach cao lam phu gia ieu chnh toc o ong ran. Ham lng thach cao 5-10% khoi lng (tnh sao cho ham lng SO3 khong vt qua 3,5%). XMP-Puzlan: thng dung lam cau kien be tong thng va be tong cot sat cho cac cong trnh di nc, cong trnh
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ngam, ni chu tac ong cua nc am, moi trng sunfat nhe. Trong qua trnh ong ran, phu gia hoat tnh vi SiO2 co be mat dien tch rat phat trien co kha nang hap phu voi rat manh, sau o phan ng dan dan tao khoang hydro-silicat canxi. Do vay, ham lng voi trong pha long cua san pham ong ran giam dan. Dung phu gia hoat tnh lam cham qua trnh ong ran cua XMP do phu gia lam giam ham lng XMP, lam loang dung dch ong ran. Tuy nhien, sau o do SiO2 hoat tnh tham gia tng tac tao khoang vi voi tao cac hydro-silicat canxi, cng o XMP Puzlan tang dan va vt cng o XMP (khong co phu gia hoat tnh). V vay,trong giai oan au, cng o cua XMP Puzlan kem phat trien so vi XMP thng. Sau khoang mot thang cng o XMP Puzlan tng ng hoac ln hn XMP. e tang toc o ong ran XMP Puzlan, ngi ta san xuat clinker vi viec tang ham lng cac chat thuy hoa nhanh (C3S va C3A), dung cac phu gia co hoat tnh cao hn, tang mc o nghien mn, giam ham lng thach cao hoac dung phu gia tang toc o ong ran nh CaCl2. Tren thc te, thi gian ong ran va bien oi the tch cua cac XM thng mai XMP Puzlan va XMP khong c khac nhau. XMP puzlan co o ben nc, ben sunfat cao hn XMP: do SiO2 hoat tnh tng tac vi Ca(OH)2 tao san pham kho hoa tan,lng CaO t do giam rat nhieu; hn na san pham n phong bt cac lo xop trong ket cau.

e tang o ben nc, can giam C3S va e tang o ben sunfat can giam ham lng C3A.
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 Mat o va khoi lng the tch cua XMP Puzlan nho hn XMP Lng nc can cho XMP Puzlan cao hn XMP, lng nhiet toa ra thap hn, o co ngot va trng n eu tang. Qua trnh san xuat XMP Puzlan co khac XMP cho: e tang hieu qua nghien, cac phu gia hoat tnh c nghien va say trc, sau o a vao nghien chung vi clinker XMP ch giai oan cuoi. Chi ph nghien phu gia nho hn chi ph nghien clinker rat nhieu, v vay gia thanh XMP Puzlan thng giam hn, so vi XMP. 8 CHAT KET DNH TREN C S VOI VA PHU GIA HOAT HOA: Cac phu gia hoat tnh nh puzlan, tro nui la, trepel, diatomt, tro x, gach vun... khong co gia tr cao ve cong nghiep, nhng la nhng chat co ng dung ln trong gia nh, tham ch cong nghiep a phng. Tat ca cac chat ket dnh loai nay eu la cac chat ket dnh thuy lc, nhan c bang cach nghien tron ong thi voi vi cac phu gia hoat hoa thch hp hoac nghien tng loai rieng roi tron vi nhau. Cac phan ng vi nc, mc thap va cham hn rat nhieu so vi qua trnh ong ran XMP. Qua trnh ong ran keo dai ti mot vai ngay, cng o ban au tang sau o giam, tham ch giam i kha nhieu do khong u nc. e tranh hien tng nay, co the san xuat cac chat ket dnh s bo trong nc, sau o ong ran tiep trong khong kh. Cac phng phap chu yeu: -Tang ham lng voi (ti 50% va hn na) -Them thach cao vao phoi lieu,
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-Them XMP (10 20%) vao phoi lieu, -Them phu gia CaCl2, -Gia nhiet trong noi ap suat (autoclav) lam tang ang ke qua trnh ong ran chat ket dnh va tao ieu kien ket tinh cac hydro-silicat (trong moi trng ap suat thap, cac hydro- silicat thng trang thai vo nh hnh). Mac cua chat ket dnh loai nay khong cao, thng 25,50 va co the 100. Cac tnh chat khac cung khong the so vi XMP.Dung san xuat be tong mac thap, cac loai gach khong nung.

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9 XM X LO CAO 9 - 1 X lo cao: Cac lo cao luyen gang, thep thng thai ra mot lng x ln trang thai nong chay. (Con goi la x ay lo, phan biet vi tro x bay theo khoi lo). Trong x lo cao cha mot lng ln cac oxt CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 va MgO. Ngoai ra con co TiO2, MnO, FeO, CaS, MnS, FeS. Cac oxt nay, nhiet o cao tng tac vi nhau tao nhng khoang co tnh thuy lc. Thanh phan khoang ong vai tro quyet nh tnh chat cua x lo cao. Do trang thai nong chay, nguoi t nhien rat cham, khong co che o lam nguoi ac biet, hau het x trang thai tinh the, pha thuy tinh rat t. Mot so x co the t phan ra dang bot do qua trnh chuyen pha -C2S thanh -C2S. Tnh ket dnh cua x khong ro rang. e tang tnh ket dnh, tang kha nang s dung cua x, ngi ta tien hanh lam nguoi x nhanh, khi o, x nhan c dang hat, pha thuy tinh co ham lng ln. Tao hat x co the tien hanh bang phng phap t hoac ban kho.

9 - 2 Chat ket dnh X - XMP

La loai chat ket dnh thuy lc nhan c bang cach nghien tron ong thi x (30 60%) va XM Pooc lang, hoac tron eu bot x va XM Pooc lang c nghien mn trc theo ty le can thiet. e ieu chnh toc o ong ran, co the them thach cao (ham lng SO3 < 3,5%). XM x co the dung lam be tong va be tong cot sat trong cac ket cau xay dng
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ngam, chu nc, ke ca trong moi trng nc cha khoang chat. X-XMP ong ran cham hn XMP. Giai oan au, cng o tang cham, con sau o, cng o co the cao hn XMP. XM x-XMP t toa nhiet, ben nc va ben sunfat. Gia thanh xXMP rat ha so vi XMP thong thng.

9 - 3 chat ket dnh x-voi:

Nghien chung x vi voi CaO hoac tron bot x va voi a nghien mn theo mot ty le can thiet (khoang 5% tnh theo Ca(OH)2 ) ta co chat ket dnh x-voi. Trong chat ket dnh x-voi cung co the dung them thach cao hoac cac phu gia hoat tnh khac, hoac cung co the tron them mot lng nho XMP vao chat ket dnh x voi. Chat ket dnh x-voi ong ran rat cham, can ong ran trong moi trng nc nhieu hn. ay la loai chat ket dnh cho mac khong cao, thng 5,10,15 va co the ti 20 (MPa).

9 - 4 Chat ket dnh x-sunfat:

Tng t nh tren, chat ket dnh x-sunfat la san pham nghien tron ong thi x (tot nhat la x cao nhom va he so chat lng K cao) vi cac chat ong ran co cha sunfat, chu yeu la sunfat canxi (CaSO4). Qua trnh ong ran trong chat ket dnh xsunfat tren c s tng tac x va sunfat canxi tao khoang hydro-sunfo-aluminat canxi 3CaO.Al2O3.3CaSO4.32H2O rat mn. ay la qua trnh hoa tan ket tinh, v vay khong gay s bien oi the tch ln. Chat ket dnh x-sunfat canxi co clinker: co thanh phan 80-85% x lo cao, 10-15% thach cao
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hoac anhydrt, 5% clinker XMP hoac 2% voi (Neu dung x lo cao co he so chat lng K cao th khong can dung voi). Chat ket dnh x-sunfat canxi khong co clinke:r gom 85-90% x lo cao, 6-8% thach cao hoac anhydrt va 4-7% dolomt a nung 800 10000C (thay cho 2-5% clinker XMP).

Chat ket dnh x-sunfat co tnh chat ac trng la o ben cao trong moi trng nc khoang. Co the dung lam dung dch ket dnh a, lam be tong va be tong cot sat trong cac cong trnh ngam, cac ket cau di nc. Mac cua chat ket dnh loai nay thng la 10,15,20 va 25 (MPa). 10 XM POOC LANG VI PHU GIA AY phu gia ay (hoac phu gia li): la cac phu gia tron vao XM nhng khong tham gia cac phan ng hoa hoc khi ong ran nhiet o thng. (Tren thc te, trong qua trnh ong ran, cac phu gia (du goi la phu gia ay) luon co phan ng vi cac hp chat co trong thanh phan XMP, ac biet vi Ca(OH)2.Tuy nhien, nhng phan ng nay khong anh hng g ln ti tnh chat cua XM). Cac phu gia ay thng gap: cat, a voi, olomit, at a nui la, mot so loai at a khac. Cac phu gia nay co the lam thay oi mot so tnh chat vat ly (nh giam cng o, giam o co khi ong ran...) nhng muc ch chnh la giam gia thanh san pham. Khi san xuat XM vi phu gia ay, clinker phai c nghien mn hn o mn cua phu gia. Neu phu gia co o cng cao hn clinker, tot nhat la nghien ong thi clinker va phu gia. Co the ap dung ky thuat nghien hai giai oan:
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1- nghien clinker cung vi thach cao (XMP) ti o mn xac nh 2- cho them phu gia ay nghien ti khi at o mn can thiet. Trng hp clinker co o cng cao hn, co the ap dung ky thuat nghien rieng clinker va phu gia roi tron lai sau nham tang hieu qua nghien (XM tron). Phu gia ay thng dung nhat la cat (25 50%), a voi (20 30%). Co the dung phu gia ay cho tat ca cac loai XM a ke tren.

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11 XI MANG ALUMIN (XMA): XMA con c goi ten theo hai tac dung chnh la chat ket dnh thuy lc ong ran nhanh, hoac XM chu la.

11 - 1 Nguyen lieu va cong nghe san xuat

Nguyen lieu san xuat thng t bo-xt va voi hoac a voi nung ket khoi hoac nong chay (ty le a voi : boxt = 1:1 va phu gia la cac khoang cha sat). Lng nguyen lieu cha CaO phai tnh sao cho san pham cuoi cung co lng CaO t do t nhat va cac khoang aluminat canxi (chu yeu la CA) tao thanh nhieu nhat. Co the san xuat theo hai phng phap: ket khoi hoac nau chay. Theo phng phap nung ket khoi, phoi lieu c nung trong cac lo quay hoac lo ng thanh clinker, sau o em nghien mn clinker thu c XM. Chat lng XM theo phng phap nay khong cao, u iem ro nhat la co the nung nhiet o tng oi thap, neu bot phoi lieu c nghien rat mn ( 900 -12000C).

Theo phng phap nau chay (cho XMA co chat lng tot hn, phoi lieu c nau trong cac lo uc, lo ien, lo buong. Qua trnh nong chay xay ra nhiet o cao (khoang 16000C), trong moi trng kh, XM alumin noi len tren, co the tach rieng c. San pham nong chay c lam nguoi cham tao ieu kien thuan li cho qua trnh ket tinh CaO.Al2O3.

San xuat XM alumin bang lo cao (lo luyen kim) la thuan li nhat. Ngoai nguyen lieu boxt,
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voi, than coc con co the dung manh kim loai e ong thi san xuat c gang va XM alumin. Trong lo cao co the kh hoan toan oxt sat va mot phan SiO2. Thanh phan hoa cua XM alumin nh sau: Al2O3: 30 50%, CaO 35 45%, SiO2 5-15%, Fe2O3 5 15%.

11 - 2 Qua trnh ong ran, tnh chat va ng dung

Qua trnh ong ran Phan ng thuy phan aluminat canxi (CA) la phan ng c ban trong qua trnh ong ran cua XMA: nhiet o 20-250C: 2(CaO.Al2O3) + 11 H2O = 2 CaO.Al2O3.8 H2O + Al(OH)3 nhiet o cao hn 20-250C: 3(CaO.Al2O3) + 9 H2O = 3 CaO.Al2O3.6 H2O + 2 Al(OH)3 Khoang ban au thuy hoa CaO.Al2O3.10H2O co cng o rat cao. sau o chuyen thanh CaO.Al2O3.8H2O. Khoang CaO.Al2O3.6 H2O la khong mong muon do cng o thap. o ben c cua san pham nhiet o cao giam ang ke. e ngan can qua trnh nay, co the them 20-30% anhydrt ( thach cao nung 6007000C), tao san pham hydro-sunfo-aluminat canxi. XM co anhydrt goi la XM alumin-anhydrt. Tnh chat: XMA ong ran nhanh, sau 12 24 gi a co cng o ma XMP can ti 28 ngay em.

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XMA thi gian ninh ket khong nhanh (30 phut 12gi). Sau khi ninh ket, phan ng vi nc xay ra rat nhanh, toa nhiet manh, cng o tang cung rat nhanh. Nhiet toa ra trong qua trnh phan ng lam nhiet o be tong tang ti 70 800C, lam xuat hien CaO.Al2O3.6 H2O cho cng o kem, tao ng suat nhiet co the lam nt v cau kien be tong. Tnh chat nay c tan dung lam be tong nhiet o thap (ieu kien bang gia).

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Khong nen tron lan XMA vi XMP, do voi trong qua trnh thuy hoa XMP phan ng rat nhanh vi hydroxt nhom tao hydro-aluminat canxi C4AH19 lam tang nhanh thi gian ninh ket cua XMA. Ket qua la tao ra XM ninh ket nhanh ma cng o rat thap. XMA phai co bien oi the tch ong eu khi th trong nc soi.

Mac cua XM thng la 40,50 va 60 MPa (sau ba ngay em) va tng ng la 20; 27,5 va 35 MPa sau mot ngay em va giam dan theo thi gian s dung. ng dung chnh cua XMA: XMA thng dung trong cac cong trnh can a nhanh vao s dung (sa cha ng sa, cau cong san bay trong chien tranh), lam be tong ieu kien bang gia, cac cong trnh ben sunfat, cong trnh bien, chu tac ong cua nc cha khoang chat, XM dan n, XM chu nhiet... Kha nang dung lam vat lieu chu la: Khi tron XM alumin vi hat samot, ta co phoi lieu lam be tong chu la.

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12 XM DAN N La loai CKD thuy lc tng t XMP nhng co ac tnh tang the tch ma van gi c cng o sau khi ong ran. Cac loai CKD co the tch khong nho hn khuon mau khi tao hnh co the coi nh XM dan n.

Ban chat qua trnh dan n:

Hai phan ng quan trong nhat tao s dan n the tch la: -Hnh thanh hydro aluminat canxi tri sulfat (ettringite) C3A.3CaSO4(30-32)H2O, (va co tnh ket dnh va co tnh dan n). -Phan ng hydrat periclase: MgO (periclase) + H2O = Mg(OH)2

San xuat XM dan n:

Co hai phng phap san xuat XM dan n: 1-San xuat bang cach tron XMP hoac XM alumin vi cac phu gia dan n can thiet: phu gia dan n se tng tac vi cac san pham ong ran cua XM c s trong giai oan nao o, ngan can qua trnh co ngot, tham ch lam tang the tch (dan n), tang tnh chong tham cua be tong. 2-San xuat clinker co nhng cau t gay dan n, chu yeu la hydro canxi aluminat.

ng dung:
Trng hp can XM ong ran nhanh, ket cau khong tham nc, Trng hp can XM khong b co hoac dan n sau khi ong ran (e lien ket cac ket cau rieng biet, lien ket chan may tren nen be tong...)
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Can chu y khi s dung la tnh chat cua XM dan n trong giai oan au tng t nh XMP. Nhng vi thi gian lau dai (5-6 nam), cac mau XM co s giam cng o do dan n. 12 XM MOI TRNG (ECO-CEMENT) Van e moi trng ngay cang tr nen quan trong trong thi ai ngay nay. Van e moi trng khong ch la x ly, lam sach cac chat thai. Vi nhng ngi lam ky thuat, van e quan trong hn la tm cac bien phap ky thuat, cong nghe mi nham tao ra nhng san pham khong san sinh chat co hai thai vao moi trng. XM moi trng (con goi la XM sinh thai), theo ngha khong gay o nhiem. Trong XM loai nay, clo c dung nh mot thanh phan cua XM. Cac chat thai ran (tro bui, chat thai ran cong nghiep...) co the cha ti 10 20% cac chat cha clo va ca mot so kim loai nang nh ch. Cac chat thai ran trong trng hp nay c dung lam nguyen lieu chnh e san xuat XM moi trng ( eco cement). Cac thanh phan oc hai c dung tao nhng khoang can thiet cho loai XM nay. Thiet b san xuat XM moi trng khac XMP cho khong co cac xyclon ot nong kieu treo. Khong dung cac xyclon ot nong nham muc ch: -Tranh cac chat thai ran khi nung nhiet o cao (13500C) phan huy kh clo. Kh Clo tuan hoan trong cac xyclon ot nong tac dung vi cac chat thai ran tao hp chat chay nhiet o thap (khoang 8000C) se ket tu gay tac nghen.

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-Ly do th hai khong thiet ke cac cyclon ot nong la tranh kh lo co Clo trong thanh phan 8000C b nguoi xuong 2500C (nhiet o kh hut t lo quay) se tao kh dioxin. Khoang chnh cua loai XM nay tng t nh XMP, ngoai ra thay cho khoang C4AF cua XMP la Cloro- aluminat canxi Cl11Al7.CaCl12. Nhiet o nung 1350 14000C. Mac du con trong qua trnh th nghiem, nhng y ngha ve mat x ly moi trng cua loai XM nay ang c quan tam.

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