Welcome to Computer Graphics

Instructor Dr. Min Choi

carbon.ucdenver.edu/~mchoi username: 4565 password: tlx,123

Programming
Program code and/or examples in lectures will be given in C, C++, and OpenGL (or pseudocode). Visual Studio 2008 or 2010 Useful OpenGL programming links are available on the course web

Prerequisites CSC3412 Algorithms, C/C++ Programming, Math 3191 Linear Algebra Textbooks Interactive Computer Graphics (5th Edition) by Edward Angel Publisher: Addison Wesley OpenGL Programming Guide OpenGL Superbible 5th Ed.

Grading
Homework assignments 40% Midterm exam30% Final exam 30% Percentage of the total accumulated score will be used for letter grades in following scale
90-100 % A/A+ 80-89.9% B/B+ 70-79.9% C/C+ 60-69.9% D/D+

What is Computer Graphics?

Technically, its about the production, manipulation and display of images using computers Practically, its about movies, games, art, training, advertising, communication, design,

Below 60% F

What is CG used for?

movies
animation special effects
1

Real or CG?
http://area.autodesk.com/fakeorfoto

Real or CG?

Real or CG?

Real or CG?

Computer Graphics
Creating visual objects using computers
Making computer generated photo realistic images Making graphical object move (Animation) Making invisible object visible (Scientific visualization)

Interacting with visual objects

Object manipulation Games Virtual Reality Graphical user interface

Graphics in Context
Graphics has been a key enabling technology in the evolution of computing environments:
graphical user interfaces visual computing, e.g., desktop publishing, scientific visualization, information visualization

Impact of Computers
Moores Law Power of a CPU doubles every 18 months / 2 years

Hardware revolution drives everything

every 12-18 months, computer power improves by factor of 2 in price/performance Moores Law
3Com Palm organizers, Compaq I-Paq as a full PC Hallmark singing card, LeapFrog Pad

graphics memory and network speeds are on even faster exponentials

Graphics chips in particular have major improvements every six to nine months (e.g. Sony Playstation 3, Microsoft Xbox360, nVidia GeForce GTX295, ATI 4870)

Graphics Applications
Entertainment: Cinema

Graphics Applications
Entertainment: Games

GT Racer 3

Pixar: Monsters Inc.

Square: Final Fantasy Polyphony Digital: Gran Turismo 3, A Spec

Graphics Applications
Medical Visualization

The Visible Human Project At Univ. of Colorado HSC MIT: Image-Guided Surgery Project

Graphics Applications
Scientific Visualization

Graphics Applications
Scientific Visualization
Airflow arround Harriot Jet. NASA Ames.

Graphics Applications
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
100 80 60 40 20 0

Presentation Graphics

North East 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East West North

Painting, Drawing, Photo Editing

Bluegearhead Client: Selfpromotion in American Showcase by Diane Fenster

Graphical User Interface

KDE

Image Processing

Virtual Reality

Forrest Gump

NADS

Is 2D Graphics Important?

Compositing in movies: images are created in layers, and then combined

Sprites in games: Images are built by overlaying characters and objects on a background

3D is Sometimes Essential

Computer Vision

Virtual Reality
Iowa Driving Simulator http://www.nads-sc.uiowa.edu/

Augmented Reality
W. Eric L.Grimson at MIT
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/medicalvision/surgery/surgical_navigation.html

Why Do We Study Computer Graphics?

Graphics is interesting
Involves simulation, AI, algorithms, architecture

Goals
Faking Reality
Making synthetic graphical objects indistinguishable from the real objects Making them move realistically Do it in a way thats both practical and scientifically sound, hopefully in real-time.

Graphics is cool
I like to see what Im doing I like to show people what Im doing

Graphics is fun

Major Topics
Modeling
How to represent objects How to design those representations (shape) creating and representing the geometry of objects in the 3D world

Modeling

Animation
Representing and controlling the way things move (movement) describing how objects change in time

Rendering
How to simulate the image forming process (light, perspective) generating 2D images of the object

Modeling
How to represent objects
Geometric Modeling
Primitives : point, line, face, curve, curved surface Convex, Non-convex objects Articulated Objects

Modeling methods
Declarative modeling
Vertex in 3D as x, y, z Line in 3D as two vertices

Photometrical Modeling
Light Color Reflection, refraction, etc.

Interactive modeling
free form drawing

Sensing
Image scanning Volume scanning

Models

Animation
Model how things move How to represent motion
sequence of stills parametric

How to specify motion

manually : tweak it till looks right
Key framing
D Johnson and J D St Germain, Utah

rule based physically based motion capture

Russ Fish et al., Utah

Physics Simulation

Character Animation

Rendering
What is an image?
Distribution of light energy on 2D film

Rendering Realism

How to represent and store images?

sampled array of pixels

How to generate images from scenes?

Input : description of scenes, sensing Solve light transport through environments Project to cameras viewpoint ray tracing

Morning

Evening

Rendering Realism

Humans

Real

Synthetic

Shirley, et. al., cornell

Final Fantasy (Sony) Jensen et al.

Is Photorealism Everything?

Is Photorealism Everything?

Non-Photorealistic Rendering

Tone Shading

b gooch, et.al., utah

a gooch, et. al., utah

NonPhotorealistic Rendering