You are on page 1of 37

EE6326 Analog IC Design Fall 2007

Topic 3. Single-stage Amplifiers - CS J. Liu Associate Professor UT Dallas

Single Stage Amplifier

Common source (inverting) amplifiers Source follower (common drain) Common gate stage Cascode stage*

Page 2

Characterization of Single Stage Amplifiers

Large signal transfer function Large signal swing limitations Small signal Gain Input resistance Output resistance Frequency response Others Noise Power dissipation
Page 3

Common Source Amplifiers

AKA Inverters Inverting Amplifiers Configurations Resistive load Diode connected load Current source load Triode load Source degeneration
Page 4

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load

VDD RD D Vin G S iD Vout Vin iD

Voltage across RD Vout

Page 5

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


Vout

VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout

VDD

M1 S

VT

Vin

If Vin <VT, M1 is in cutoff region iD = 0, Vout=VDD If Vin >VT, M1 is in either triode or saturation region

Page 6

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


Vout Sat. RD D Vin G iD Vout Cutoff Triode VDD VT Criteria for Saturation of M1: VDS1>VGS1-VT Vout>Vin- VT, area above line Vout= Vin- VT Vin

VDD

VDD

M1 S

Page 7

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


In saturation region:
VDD = iD RD + Vout 1 W iD = nCox ' (VGS VT ) 2 2 L 1 W iD = nCox ' (Vin VT ) 2 2 L 1 W Vout = VDD nCox ' (Vin VT ) 2 RD 2 L

VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout

M1 S

Page 8

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout Vout Sat. Triode Vin

VDD

Cutoff Vout1

M1 S

Vin1 VDD 1 W Vout1 = VDD nCox ' (Vin1 VT ) 2 RD 2 L Vout1 = Vin1 VT When Vin >Vin1, M1 is in triode region

Page 9

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function

VDD RD D Vin G When Vin >Vin1, M1 is in triode region iD Vout


VDD = iD RD + Vout 1 W 2 iD = nCox [(VGS VT )VDS VDS ] 2 L 1 W iD = nCox [(Vin VT )Vout Vout 2 ] 2 L 1 W VDD = Vout + nCox [(Vin VT )Vout Vout 2 ]RD 2 L

M1 S

Page 10

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


Vout Sat. Triode Vin VT Vout= Vin- VT

VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout

VDD

Cutoff Vout1

M1 S

Vin1 VDD Input swing range: VT<Vin<Vin1 for saturation Output swing range: Vout1<Vout<VDD for sat.

Page 11

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Small Signal Characteristics


DC voltage supplies = gnd DC current supplies = open

VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout

G vin S + vgs -

vout D RD S

gmvgs

gmbsvbs

gds

vbs=0 vgs=vin

M1 S

vout = ( g m v gs + g mbs vbs )( RD || 1 / g ds ) vout = g m vin ( RD || 1 / g ds ) vout g m vin = , g D = 1 / RD g D + g ds

Page 12

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Gain


G + iD D Vin G Vout vin vgs S gmvgs gmbsvbs gds RD S vout D

VDD RD

M1 S

vout

g m vin = g D + g ds
Low frequency gain

vout gm = vin g D + g ds

Page 13

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Input Resistance


G + iD D Vin G Vout vin vgs S gmvgs gmbsvbs gds RD S vbs=0 vgs=vin M1 S vout D

VDD RD

rin =

Input resistance

Page 14

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Output Resistance


G + iD D Vin G vin=0 v Vout S gs

VDD RD

D gds RD vtest S itest

gmvgs

gmbsvbs

vgs=0, vbs=0

M1 S

rout g out

vtest = = RD || (1 / g ds ) itest 1 = = g D + g ds rout

Output resistance

Page 15

g D = 1 / RD

Inverting Amplifier with Resistive Load - Small Signal Characteristics Summary

VDD RD D Vin G iD Vout

rin = rout = RD || (1 / g ds ) vout = g m ( RD || 1 / g ds ) = g m rout vin

M1 S

Page 16

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD Vin G1
Page 17

When the gate and the drain of a MOSFET (N or P) are connected together (diode-connected), it is always in saturation region.

D1 M1 S1

Vout

Saturation criteria: vDS>vGS-VT When vD=vG, the above criteria is always satisfied.

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD Vin G1
Page 18

For M2, 1 W iD = p Cox (vSG 2 | VT 2 |) 2 2 L

D1 M1 S1

Vout

Vin vSG2

iD

vout=VDD-vSG2

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


Vout M2 off M1 sat M1 off M2 sat

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD vin G1
Page 19

VDD VDD-|VTP2|

D1 M1 S1

Vout

M1 triode

VT If Vin <VT, M1 is in cutoff region iD = 0, M2 is in cutoff region Vout=VDD-|VTP2| If Vin >VT, M1 is on, iD is not zero, M2 turns on in sat.

Vin

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


Vout M2 off M1 sat M1 off M2 sat Vout= Vin- VT M1 triode Vin

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD D1 M1 S1
Page 20

VDD VDD-|VTP2|

Vout

VT Criteria for Saturation of M1: VDS1>VGS1-VT, Vout>Vin- VT area above line Vout= Vin- VT

G1

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


When M1 and M2 are in Sat.
W 1 nCox ' (vGS1 VT 1 ) 2 L 2 W 1 iD1 = nCox ' (Vin VT ) 2 L 2 W 1 iD 2 = p Cox (vSG 2 | VT 2 |) 2 L 2 vSG 2 = vSD 2 = VDD Vout iD1 = W 1 iD 2 = p Cox (VDD Vout | VT 2 |) 2 L 2 iD1 = iD 2

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD D1 M1 S1
Page 21

Vout

G1

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


To find out the boundary between the sat. and triode regions of M1,
1 W nCox ' (vin1 VT ) 2 2 L W 1 = p Cox (VDD vout1 | VT 2 |) 2 L 2 iD1 = iD 2 vout1 = vin1 VT

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD D1 M1 S1
Page 22

Vout

G1

Solve for vin1 and vout1.

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function


When vin>vin1, M1 is in triode region And M2 is still in sat. region.
1 W iD = nCox [(vin VT )vout vout 2 ] 2 L 1 W = p Cox (VDD vout | VT 2 |) 2 Vout 2 L

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD D1 M1 S1
Page 23

G1

Inverting Amplifier with Diode-connected Load - Large Signal Transfer Function

VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD D1 M1 S1
Page 24

VDD VDD-|VTP2| Vout

Vout M2 off M1 sat M1 off M1 triode VT Vin M2 sat

G1

Plot transfer functions

Label X- and Y-axis Label the operational regions of each device Label the important transition points between different operational regions on both X- and Y-axis Write the equation for each portion of the curve

Page 25

Small Signal Equivalent of a Diode Connected MOSFET

v1

VDD G v1 vgs S

D gmvgs gds gm

v1 gds

gm is approximately 100 times go (gds)

gm

Page 26

Inverting Amplifier with PMOS DiodeConnected Load Gain


G VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD vin G1
Page 27

D gds1 gm2+gds2 vgs1=vin S vgs2=vout

+ vgs1 S Vout gm1vgs1 g v mbs1 bs1

vbs1=vbs2=0

D1 M1 S1

vout vout

1 = g m1v gs g ds1 + g m 2 + g ds 2 g m1 1 g m1vin = vin gm2 gm2

vout g m1 vin gm2

Inverting Amplifier with PMOS DiodeConnected Load Rin, Rout, and Gain
G VDD G2 S2 M2 D2 iD vin G1
Page 28

D gds1 gm2+gds2 S

+ vgs S gm1vgs1 gmbs1vbs1

D1 M1 S1

Vout rin =

rout

1 1 = g ds1 + g m 2 + g ds 2 g m 2

vout g m1 = = g m1rout vin g ds1 + g m 2 + g ds 2

Small Signal Equivalent of a Diode Connected MOSFET with Bulk Effect

D
gmVgs

gmbs gm go

Vgs=0-vx

Vbs=0-vx

Page 29

Inverting Amplifier with NMOS DiodeConnected Load Gain


G + vgs S gm1vgs1 gmbs1vbs1 gds1 gm2+gmbs2+gds2 S D

vout vout

1 = g m1v gs g ds1 + g m 2 + g mbs 2 + g ds 2

g m1 1 1 g m1vin = vin g m 2 + g mbs 2 gm2 1 +

Page 30

vout g m1 1 vin gm2 1 +

Inverting Amplifier with NMOS DiodeConnected Load Rin, Rout, and Gain
G + vgs S gm1vgs1 gmbs1vbs1 gds1 gm2+gmbs2+gds2 S D

rin rout = g ds1 + g m 2 1 1 1 + g mbs 2 + g ds 2 g m 2 1 +

vout g m1 = = g m1rout vin g ds1 + g m 2 + g mbs 2 + g ds 2


Page 31

Inverting Amplifier with Current Source Load - Large Signal Transfer Function
Vout M1 sat M1 off Vout>Vin-VTN1 M2 triode M2 sat

VDD G2 VB iD vin G1
Page 32

S2 M2 D2 D1 M1 S1

VDD VB+|VTP2|

Vout

M1 triode

VT Assume M2 is on, VDD-VB>|VTP2| M2 Sat.: VDD-Vout >VDD-VB-|VTP2| Vout < VB+|VTP2|

Vin

Inverting Amplifier with Current Source Load

VDD G2 VB iD vin G1
Page 33

S2 M2 D2 D1 M1 S1

Consider the small signal characteristics of M2: G2=0 D2 + Vgs=0 Vout S2 Equivalent to gds2 gm2vgs2 gds2 S2

Inverting Amplifier with Current Source Load - Gain


G VDD G2 VB iD vin G1
Page 34

D gds1 gds2 S

+ vgs S gm1vgs1 gmbs1vbs1

S2 M2 D2 D1 M1 S1

Vout

vout

1 = g m1vin g ds1 + g ds 2

vout g m1 vin g ds1 + g ds 2

Inverting Amplifier with Current Source Load Rin, Rout, and Gain
G VDD G2 VB iD vin G1
Page 35

D gds1 gds2 S

+ vgs S gm1vgs1 gmbs1vbs1

S2 M2 D2 D1 M1 S1

Vout

rin rout 1 = g ds1 + g ds 2

vout g m1 = = g m1rout vin g ds1 + g ds 2

Inverting Amplifier with Current Source Load vs. Triode Load

VDD G2 VB iD vin G1
Page 36

S2 M2 D2 D1 M1 S1

If M2 operates in the saturation region, M2 is a current source. Calculate gds2 in saturation region. If VB is very low, (Large VSG2), M2 Vout is mostly likely work in the triode region. Calculate gds2 in triode region.

HW #3

Due on 9/11 More exercise if desired (in Razavi book) 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 3.15 (a) (c) (d) 3.16 (a) (b) (c) 3.21 (a) (b) (c)

Page 37

You might also like