Perform the following steps to migrate 8i o 9i ------------------------------------------------------------a) Check for Versions and Options b) Perform COLD Backup c) Increase

SYSTEM rollback segment size and ensure plenty space free in ROLLBACK segments d) Check o/s level patch and check certification i.e. showrev -p e) List all INVALID objects before upgrade f) Ensure SID and ORACLE_HOME set properly. g) Ensure no user or role as MIGRATE and OUTLN exists ( if migrating from 8.0.6) h) Check no corruption in sys dictionary. Prepare a script ' ANALYZE ' || object_name || ' valid structure; ' where owner = 'SYS' i) Stop Replication and ensure all snapshots refreshes complete. j) Stop Listener k) Ensure no files need media recovery: v$recover_file l) Ensure no files are in backup mode: v$backup m) Resolve any outstanding unresolved distributed transaction: dba_2pc_pending ( dbms_transaction.purge_lost_db_entry('local_trans_ id') ) n) Disable all batch and cronjobs task. o) Note Down all control file location and sysdba users: v$pwfile_users p) Shutdown DB q) Backup of init.ora, listener.ora and tnsnames.ora and needs few changes in init.ora file job_queue_process=0 _SYSTEM_TRIG_ENABLED=FALSE unset COMPATIABLE REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=NONE (if using password file) r) Update oratab entry with new ORACLE_HOME s) update environment variable - ORACLE_HOME - PATH - ORA_NLS33 - ORACLE_BASE - LD_LIBRARY_PATH - ORACLE_PATH t) Run Upgrade script : cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin Sqlplus /as sysdba startup restrict or startup migrate @u0801070.sql or u0900010.sql u) Run @utlrp v) Shutdown immediate w) Modify Listner.ora with new ORACLE_HOME x) Enable cronjob and batch y) Change oratab entry z) Start the Database

UPGRADE CHECKLIST ----------------UPGRADING THE DATABASE ---------------------1. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------If your old release version is 8.0.5 or less (8.0.4 or 8.0.3), then direct upgrade is NOT supported. You must first upgrade this version to 8.0.6. After the upgrade to 8.0.6 or your version IS 8.0.6 or higher, you can directly upgrade your database to 9i. If your old release is 8.0.5 or less, look at not 133920.1 for manual upgrading the database to 8.0.6 or higher. What version is running? What option is installed? Select * from v$version; Select * from v$option; 2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------PERFORM a Full cold backup!!!!!!! 3. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Avoid running out of space during the migration: - Prepare the system rollback segment: Alter rollback segment system storage (maxextents 121 next 1M); - Ensure plenty of free space in the SYSTEM tablespace. A minimum of 150 Mb additional free space: Select max(bytes) from dba_free_space where tablespace_name='SYSTEM'; - Ensure plenty of free space in the ROLLBACK tablespace. Ensure that you have at least 1 rollback segment of 70 Mb if the number of objects in the database exceeds 5000: Select count(*) from dba_objects; If you run out of space in one of these tablespaces during the upgrade, you will need to perform the upgrade again. 4. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Verify the certification of oracle 9i on the OS version you are using. Verify all necessary OS patches are installed.

Example for Solaris: $ showrev -p 5. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Upgrade will leave all objects (packages,views,...) invalid, except for tables. All other objects must be recompiled manually. List all objects that are not VALID before the upgrade. This list of fatal objects. Select substr(owner,1,12) owner, substr(object_name,1,30) object, Substr(object_type,1,30) type,status from dba_objects where status <>'VALID'; To create a script to compile all invalid objects, before upgrading, run the the script called utlrp.sql in the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory. This script recompiles all invalid PL/SQL in the database including views. $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin $ sqlplus sys/<password for SYS> as sysdba SQL> @utlrp.sql Run the script and than rerun the query to get invalid objects. spool invalid_pre.lst Select substr(owner,1,12) owner, Substr(object_name,1,30) object, Substr(object_type,1,30) type, status from dba_objects where status <>'VALID'; spool off This last query will return a list of all objects that cannot be recompiled before the upgrade in the file 'invalid_pre.lst' 6. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Verify the kernel parameters according to the installation guide of the new version. Example for Solaris: $ cat /etc/system 7. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure ORACLE_SID is set to instance you want to upgrade. Echo $ORACLE_SID Echo $ORACLE_HOME 8. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

As of Oracle 9i the sql NCHAR datatypes will be limited to the Unicode character set encoding only (UTF8 and AL16UTF16). Any other NCHAR datatype will no longer be supported. When upgrading to 9i the value of the NCHAR is based on the NCHAR datatype used in the Oracle8 version. If the old National character set is UTF8, the new will be UTF8. Otherwise the national character set is changed to AL16UTF16. Verify character set of the database: $ Sqlplus SYS/<password for SYS> Select name, substrb(value$,1,40) value from props$; 9. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------If you are upgrading from the 8.0.6 release check no users or roles are called either MIGRATE or OUTLN. Select from * dba_users where username in ('MIGRATE','OUTLN'); Select from * dba_roles where role in ('MIGRATE','OUTLN'); 10. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Check for corruption in the dictionary, use: Set verify off Set space 0 Set heading off Set feedback off Set pages 1000 Spool analyze.sql Select 'Analyze '||object_type||' '||object_name ||' validate structure;' from dba_objects where owner='SYS' and object_type in ('INDEX','TABLE','CLUSTER'); spool off This creates a script called analyze.sql. Run the script. This script (analyze.sql) should not return any errors. 11. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure that all Snapshot refreshes are successfully completed. And replication is stopped. $ Sqlplus SYS/<password for SYS> Select distinct(trunc(last_refresh)) from dba_snapshot_refresh_times; 12. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Stop the listener for the database

$ lsnrctl Lsnrctl> stop <listenername> 13. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure no files need media recovery: $ sqlplus SYS/<password for SYS> Select * from v$recover_file; This should return no rows 14. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure no files are in backup mode: Select * from v$backup where status!='NOT ACTIVE'; This should return no rows. 15. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Resolve any outstanding unresolved distributed transaction: Select * from dba_2pc_pending; If this returns rows you should do the following: Select local_tran_id from dba_2pc_pending; Execute dbms_transaction.purge_lost_db_entry('<LOCAL_TRAN_ID>'); Commit; 16. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Disable all batch and cron jobs. 17. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure the users sys and system have 'system' as their default tablespace. Select username, default_tablespace from dba_users where username in ('SYS','SYSTEM'); To modify use: Alter user sys default tablespace SYSTEM; Alter user system default tablespace SYSTEM; 18. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Optionally ensure the aud$ is in the system tablespace when auditing is enabled. Select tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='AUD$'; 19. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Note down where all control files are located. Select * from v$controlfile;

20. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Note down all sysdba users. Select * from v$pwfile_users; If a passwordfile is used copy it to the new location. On unix the default is $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw<SID>. On windows NT this is %ORACLE_HOME%\database\orapw<SID> 21. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Shutdown the database $ sqlplus SYS/<password for SYS> SQL> Shutdown immediate 22. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Change the init.ora file: - Make a backup of the init.ora file. - Verify that the parameter DB_DOMAIN is set properly. - Ensure there is a value for DB_BLOCK_SIZE - Comment out the JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES parameter, put in a new and set this explicitly to zero, during the upgrade - Comment out the AQ_TM_PROCESSES parameter, put in a new and set this explicitly to zero, during the upgrade - If archiving is enabled set LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE - Ensure that the USER_DUMP_DEST, BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST and the CORE_DUMP_DEST are set to an explicit directory - Set the parameter _SYSTEM_TRIG_ENABLED explicitly to FALSE during the upgrade - Set the parameter OPTIMIZER_MODE to CHOOSE during the upgrade - Comment out obsoleted parameters(list in appendix A). - Comment out SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_? parameters - If your are upgrading from an 8i release ensure the COMPATIBLE parameter points to the current version. This to ensure a more easy downgrade when something goes wrong. We can alter this to point to the new release when everything is tested. If your are upgrading from 8.0.6 then leave the parameter unset. Setting this parameter to less than 8.1.X results in an error during the upgrade. - If you are using a passwordfile set the parameter REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=NONE - If you have set the parameter NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS to CHAR, change the value to BYTE during the upgrade. - If you are using a cluster database, set the parameter CLUSTER_DATABASE=FALSE during the upgrade.

23. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Check for adequate freespace on archive log destination file systems. 24. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ensure the NLS_LANG variable is set correctly: $ echo $NLS_LANG 25. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------If needed copy the listener.ora and the tnsnames.ora to the new location (when no TNS_ADMIN env. Parameter is used) cp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin <NEW_ORACLE_HOME>/network/admin 26. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------If your Operating system is Windows NT, delete your services With the ORADIM of your old oracle version. For Oracle 8.0 this is: C:\ORADIM80 -DELETE -SID <SID> For Oracle 8i or higher this is: C:\ORADIM -DELETE -SID <SID> And create the new Oracle 9i service use ORADIM of the 9i ORACLE_HOME: C:\ORADIM -NEW -SID <SID> -INTPWD <internalpwd> -MAXUSERS n -STARTMODE AUTO -PFILE ORACLE_HOME\DATABASE\init<SID>.ora 27. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------If needed copy the init.ora file to the new oracle_home or Create a link to the init.ora. cp $OLD_ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora $NEW_ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora OR Ln ?s /init/ora/file/path/init.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora Also check 'ifile' parameters in the init.ora, to be set to the correct file. if an IFILE is used, verify the above mentioned parameter for the init.ora and copy this to the correct location. Change the IFILE entry in the init.ora file when this file changes from location. 28. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Update the oratab entry, to set the new ORACLE_HOME and disable automatic startup: <SID>:<new ORACLE_HOME>:N 29. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Update the environment variables like ORACLE_HOME and PATH

$ . oraenv 30. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Make sure the following enviroment variables point to the new Release directories: - ORACLE_HOME - PATH - ORA_NLS33 - ORACLE_BASE - LD_LIBRARY_PATH - ORACLE_PATH For HP-UX systems verify the SHLIB_PATH parameter points to the new release directories. $ env | grep ORACLE_HOME $ env | grep PATH $ env | grep ORA_NLS33 $ env | grep ORACLE_BASE $ env | grep LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ env | grep ORACLE_PATH HP-UX: $ env | grep SHLIB_PATH 31.---------------------------------------------------------------------------Run the upgrade script: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin Sqlplus /nolog SQL> Connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba Use Startup RESTRICT when you are upgrading to Oracle 9.0.1: SQL> Startup restrict Use Startup MIGRATE when you are upgrading to Oracle 9.2: SQL> Startup Migrate Spool the output so you can take a look at possible errors after the upgrade: SQL> Spool Upgrade.log Run the appropriate script for your version. From Only Script to Run ==== ================== 8.0.6 u0800060.sql 8.1.7 u0801070.sql 9.0.1 u0900010.sql Each of these scripts is a direct upgrade path from the version you are on to 9i. You do not need to run catalog.sql and catproc.sql as these two scripts are called from within the upgrade script.

Display the contents of the component registry to determine which components need to be upgraded: SQL> Select comp_name, version, status from dba_registry; Run the script cmpdbmig.sql to upgrade the components which can be upgrade with the SYSDBA privilege (This step is only valid for upgrades towards 9.2): SQL> @cmpdbmig.sql The components upgraded by this script are: Jserver JAVAVM, oracle XDK for Java, Oracle 9i RAC, Oracle Data Mining, OLAP analytical Workspace, Oracle 9i Java Packages, Messaging Gateway, Oracle Workspace Manager, OLAP Catalog, Oracle Label Security. Display the components which were upgraded: SQL> Select comp_name, version, status from dba_registry; End the spool of the upgrade: SQL> Spool Off 32. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Restart the database: SQL> Shutdown Immediate (DO NOT USE SHUTDOWN ABORT!!!!!!!!!) SQL> Startup restrict Executing this clean shutdown flushes all caches, clears buffers and performs other database housekeeping tasks. Which is needed if you want to upgrade specific components. 33. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Run script to recompile invalid pl/sql modules: SQL> @utlrp If there are still objects which are not valid after running the script run the following: spool invalid_post.lst Select substr(owner,1,12) owner, Substr(object_name,1,30) object, Substr(object_type,1,30) type, status from dba_objects where status <>'VALID'; spool off Now compare the invalid objects in the file 'invalid_post.lst' with the invalid objects in the file 'invalid_pre.lst' you create in step 5.

34. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Edit init.ora file: - Leave the parameter JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0 - Leave the parameter AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0 - remove the parameter _system_trig_enabled from the init.ora file. This parameter was explicitly set to false during the upgrade. - modify the log_archive_dest parameter specify only the path, but make sure it ends with a '/'. (remove the format) e.g. log_archive_dest=/path/arch into log_archive_dest=/path/ - Modify the marameter log_archive_format and add the format previously removed from the log_archive_dest. E.g log_archive_format=arch%t_SID_%s.log - If you are using a password file set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter to the value used before migration. 35. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Shutdown the database and startup the database. $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> Connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Shutdown SQL> Startup restrict 36. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Upgrade user tables with NCHAR datatype columns: $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> @utlnchar.sql SQL> @n_switch.sql SQL> shutdown immediate 37. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Now edit the init.ora: - put back the old value for the JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES parameter - put back the old value for the AQ_TM_PROCESSES parameter - If you change the value for NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS prior to the upgrade put the value back to CHAR. - If you changed the CLUSTER_DATABASE parameter prior the upgrade set it back to TRUE 38. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Create a server parameter file with a initialization parameter file SQL> Create spfile from pfile; This will create a spfile as a copy of the init.ora file located in the

$ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory. 39. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Modify the listener.ora file: For the upgraded intstance(s) modify the ORACLE_HOME parameter to point to the new ORACLE_HOME. 40. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Start the listener $ lsnrctl LSNRCTL> start <listenername> 41. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Enable cron and batch jobs 42. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Change oratab entry to use automatic startup SID:ORACLE_HOME:Y 43. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------To use the new features in 9i change the compatible parameter to the new release. When everything is well tested, update the compatible parameter in the init.ora and restart to the new release number. COMPATIBLE=9.0.X where x is the release number ---------------------------------------------------------------------------UPGRADING THE JAVA ENGINE(Only for upgrades to 9.0.1) ------------------------1. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Check java has previously been installed: Run the following query: select count(*) from dba_objects where object_type like 'JAVA%'and owner = 'SYS'; If this is >0 then java has been installed. If this value =0 java is not installed and there is no reason to upgrade the java engine. 2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Restart the database: $ Sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Shutdown immediate SQL> startup restrict 3. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Run the appropriate script depending on what release you are coming from: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/install Sqlplus /nolog SQL> Connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Spool catoutjava.log From Only Script to Run ==== ================== 8.1.5 jvmu815.sql 8.1.6 jvmu816.sql 8.1.7 jvmu817.sql After you have run this script, all user classes are invalid. These become implicitly valid when you executed them. You can explicitly revalidate them when executing the following command: SQL> Alter Java Class <ClassName> resolve; 4. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Restart the database: $ Sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Shutdown immediate SQL> startup restrict ---------------------------------------------------------------------------UPGRADING INTERMEDIA TEXT(Only for upgrades towards 9.0.1) ------------------------1. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Restart the database: $ Sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Shutdown immediate SQL> startup restrict 2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If you have Oracle Image Cartridge release 8.0.n, or Oracle interMedia release 8.1.n installed,run the script imdbma to see whether or not you need to upgrade: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/ord/im/admin $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as SYSDBA SQL> @imdbma.sql This script displays one of the following strings: NOT_INSTALLED - if no prior release of interMedia components were installed on your system. You must install

interMedia, rather than an upgrade. INSTALLED - if interMedia release 9.0.1 is already installed u080nnn0.sql - the script that performs the upgrade. nnn is the release of interMedia or Image Cartridge that is currently installed. For example, u0800050.sql upgrades from Image Cartridge release 8.0.5.0.0. Note: imdbma cannot distinguish between 8.0 releases of Image Cartridge. If you have an 8.0 release installed, the 8.0.5 script is always chosen. 3. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------If an upgrade is required, invoke imuphelp to determine if your system is ready for an interMedia upgrade. $sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> @imuphelp.sql This script tells you: - if an earlier release of Audio must be deinstalled before upgrading - if an earlier release of Video must be deinstalled before upgrading Correct any problems found by imuphelp.sql before proceeding. 4. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Upgrade Oracle interMedia Common Files. $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba Run the appropriate script for the version you are coming from: From Only Script to Run ==== ================== 8.0.3 u0800030.sql 8.0.4 u0800040.sql 8.0.5 u0800050.sql 8.0.6 u0800060.sql 8.1.5 u0801050.sql 8.1.6 u0801060.sql 8.1.7 u0801070.sql Enter the password for ORDSYS when the script asks for it. 5. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Upgrade interMedia. $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/ord/im/admin $ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba Run the appropriate script for the version you are coming from: From Only Script to Run ==== ================== 8.0.3 u0800030.sql 8.0.4 u0800040.sql 8.0.5 u0800050.sql

8.0.6 u0800060.sql 8.1.5 u0801050.sql 8.1.6 u0801060.sql 8.1.7 u0801070.sql Enter the password for ORDPLUGINS when the script asks for it and enter the password for ORDSYS when the script asks for it. 5. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Run the script imchk.sql to verify the upgrade connected as ORDSYS: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/ord/im/admin $ Sqlplus ORDSYS/passwd_for_ordsys SQL> @imchk.sql 6. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Restart the database: $ Sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect sys/passwd_for_sys as sysdba SQL> Shutdown immediate SQL> startup restrict --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Appendix A: Obsolete parameters in 9i: -------------------------------------_average_dirties_half_life _lm_statistics allow_partial_sn_results always_anti_join always_semi_join arch_io_slaves b_tree_bitmap_plans backup_disk_io_slaves cache_size_threshold cleanup_rollback_entries close_cached_open_cursors compatible_no_recovery complex_view_merging cpu_count db_block_checkpoint_batch db_block_lru_extended_statisti db_block_lru_latches db_block_lru_statistics db_block_max_dirty_target db_file_simultaneous_writes delayed_logging_block_cleanout discrete_transactions_enabled distributed_lock_timeout distributed_recovery_connectio fast_full_scan_enabled freeze_DB_for_fast_instance_re gc_defer_time

gc_latches gc_lck_procs gc_releasable_locks gc_rollback_locks hash_multiblock_io_count instance_nodeset job_queue_interval job_queue_keep_connections large_pool_min_alloc lgwr_io_slaves lm_locks lm_procs lm_procs lm_ress lock_sga_areas log_block_checksum log_files log_simultaneous_copies log_small_entry_max_size ogms_home ops_admin_group ops_interconnects optimizer_percent_parallel optimizer_search_limit parallel_default_max_instances parallel_min_message_pool parallel_server_idle_time parallel_transaction_resource_ push_join_predicate row_cache_cursors sequence_cache_entries sequence_cache_hash_buckets shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc snapshot_refresh_interval snapshot_refresh_keep_connecti snapshot_refresh_processes sort_direct_writes sort_multiblock_read_count sort_read_fac sort_spacemap_size sort_write_buffer_size sort_write_buffers spin_count temporary_table_locks text_enable use_ism