CORM 2009 NIST Tutorial Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, May 5, 2009

Overview of measurement standards for solid state lighting

Yoshi Ohno
Director of CIE Division 2 Member of ANSI C78-09, IESNA TPC Optical Technology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland USA
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Solid State Lighting is becoming a reality

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Current State of White LEDs

Luminous Efficacy Goal

From presentation by Fred Welsh at 2009 DOE SSL Program Planning Workshop, Feb. 2009, San Francisco.

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Problems/Concerns in the industry

Some very low quality products in the market (dim, short life, bad color). Inaccurate performance claims Insufficient information on product labels Many questions on color quality (rendering) Lighting designers still do not trust SSL products. They say more standards are needed. Still high cost (but government incentives to use SSL products are high.)
* US DOE is addressing these problems with the Energy Star, CALiPER and other programs.

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DOEs Solid State Lighting Program Strategy

CALiPER

From presentation by James Brodrick, DOE Energy Star Workshop, May 15, 2008

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http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/benchmark.html

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SSL Quality Advocates

Program jointly developed by DOE and NGLIA a voluntary pledge program to assure that LED lighting, as it reaches the market, is represented accurately. introduces the Lighting Facts label, similar to the FDA Nutrition Facts label. provides a quick and simple summary of product performance data as measured by the new industry standard for testing photometric performance, IESNA LM-79-2008.
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/advocates.html
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DOE SSL Energy Star (Category A)

1. Under-cabinet kitchen lights 2. Under-cabinet shelf-mounted task lights 3. Portable desk/task lights

4. Recessed 5. Out-door walldown lights mounted portch

6. Out-door step lights

7. Out-door pathway

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SSL Energy Star Specifications

Program started from Sep. 30, 2008. Required standards for Test method and measurement .. IESNA LM-79 Chromaticity specification . ANSI C78.377 Test method for lifetime of LEDs .... IESNA LM-80 Laboratory accreditation for measurement .. NVLAP EELP-SSL Terminology

... ANSI/IESNA RP-16 addendum a

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Addendum to ANSI/IESNA RP-16-05

Published in May 2008 Addendum a to ANSI/IESNA RP-16-05 (under continuous maintenance) 6.8 Light Emitting Diode 6.8.1 LED die 6.8.2 LED Bin 6.8.3 Power source 6.8.3.1 Power supply 6.8.4 LED control circuitry 6.8.4.1 LED driver 6.8.4.2 LED driver, Class II 6.8.5 LED luminaire 6.8.5.1 LED package 6.8.5.2 LED array 6.8.5.3 LED module 6.8.5.4 LED lamp, non-integrated 6.8.5.5 LED lamp, integrated

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Addendum a to ANSI/IESNA RP-16-05

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Revision of this Addendum is being discussed at IESNA TPC.

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Published, May 2008

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IESNA LM-79 Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurement of SSL Products
Covers LED luminaires and integrated LED lamps. Covers measurements of Total luminous flux (lumen) Luminous efficacy (lm/W) Chromaticity, CCT, CRI (4 integrated) Angular intensity distributions

Methods using Sphere-spectroradiometer Sphere-photometer Goniophotometer

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ANSI C78.377 Specifications for the Chromaticity of SSL products

Published Feb. 2008

For indoor applications only No standards for outdoor applications

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Published, Oct. 2008

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IES LM-80-08 Approved Method for Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Scope . This document provides the methods of the measurement of lumen maintenance of sources including LED packages, arrays and modules only. This approved method does not provide guidance or make any recommendation regarding predictive estimations or extrapolation.

IES TM-21-xx
Lumen Maintenance Life: L70 (hours): 70% lumen maintenance L50 (hours): 50% lumen maintenance Testing at the LED case temperatures 55C, 85C, and a 3rd temperature selected by manufacturer, for 0 to 6000 h or longer. Ambient temperature within 5C from the case temperature.
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Model 0 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 Model 7 Data

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Many Standards needed for LED/SSL

LED packages (low power) (high power) Complete SSL products Integrated LED lamps

LED arrays / modules

LED luminaires

LED light engines

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Current Status of Standardization Activities

LED chips/ packages (low power) (high power) SSL products (Integrated LED lamps & LED luminaires) IES LM-79 Photometric meas.

CIE 127:2007 IES LM-80 Lumen maintenance

CIE TC2-46 IES TM-21
IESNA new project

CIE TC2-63, 64 LED arrays / modules CIE TC2-50 LED

clusters and arrays

ANSI C78.377 Chromaticity

CIE TC1-69 Color rendering IEC xx (performance of selfballasted LED lamps)

Safety UL 8750
CIE TC2-58 radiance/luminance
Several projects in IEC TC34A

LED light engines

(ASSIST Recommends ..)

Definitions (terminology)

IESNA new project

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IES RP-16 addendum a

IEC TS 62504
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Large Gap between LED manufacturers and Lighting Industry

<LED manufacturer>
LEDs measured in production. LEDs are measured with short pulses. LEDs are binned and rated at Tj=25C.

<Lighting industry>
LEDs in luminaires are hot (Tj= 60 C to over 100C) Photometric measurements in steady DC mode.

LED performance varies with temperature

Pulse vs. DC ?

Performance of LEDs = Performance of SSL products

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IESNA LM-xx Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurement of High Power LEDs
High power LED: an LED device that requires a heat sink or other type of thermal management as an integral part of the operation.

Status: first draft

Covers LED packages and LED arrays Covers measurements in pulse mode as well as DC mode (NIST method) Covers measurements of
Total luminous flux (lumen) Luminous efficacy (lm/W) Chromaticity, CCT, CRI

Methods using

Sphere-spectroradiometer Sphere-photometer Goniophotometer

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Work in progress in CIE on LED/SSL

Division 2 Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation (Director, Y. Ohno, USA) TC2-46 TC2-50 TC2-58 TC2-63 TC2-64 CIE/ISO standards on LED intensity measurements (J. Scarangello, USA) Measurement of the optical properties of LED clusters and arrays (J. Schuette, Germany) Measurement of LED radiance and luminance (K. Kohmoto, Japan) Optical measurement of High-Power LEDs (Y. Zong, USA) High speed testing methods for LEDs (G. Heidel, Germany)

Division 1 Vision and Color (Director, R. Luo, UK) TC1-69 Colour Rendition by White Light Sources (W. Davis, USA)

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Work in progress in IEC on LED/SSL

IEC TC34 Lamp and Related Equipment SC34A Lamps and glow starters (MT PRESCO) SC34B Lamp caps and holders SC34C Lamp control gear SC34D Luminaires <Working documents> IEC 62031 Safety standard for LED modules IEC 62560 Safety standard for self-ballasted LED lamps IEC/PAS 62612 Performance standard for self-ballasted LED lamps IEC TS 62504 Terms and definitions for LEDs and LED modules in general lighting IEC 62384 Performance of control gear for LED modules IEC 62471-2 Photobiological safety; Guide
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International Intercomparison of LED measurements

Organized by APMP (Asia Pacific Metrology Program) Regional
metrology organization, connected to International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM), Consultative Committee of Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) 15 Participants (National labs) KRISS, Korea (Pilot lab) Measurement quantities CENAM, Mexico CMS-ITRI, Taiwan Total luminous flux LNE, France CIE Averaged LED Intensity MIKES, Finland Chromaticity (x, y) METAS, Switzerland MKEH, Hungary Artifacts: 5-mm LEDs, 20 mA NIST, USA NMIJ, Japan A set of 14 LEDs (red, green, blue, white) NMi-VSL, Netherlands Schedule: NMIA, Australia Measurements: July 2007 NPL, UK PTB, Germany Completion of report: Dec. 2009 SPRING, Singapore VNIIOFI, Russia
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Thank you for your attention.

Contact: ohno@nist.gov

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