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Fixing Bolt Design Calculation for Transformer

Transformer wei ght, according to the "Cast Resin Transformer- Technical Characteristic Sheet of
TEN-11006".
w
t
11400kgf :=
w
t
111.796 kN =
Design Load of Transformer. Wt
W
t
1.6 w
t
:=
W
t
178.873 kN =
Calculation of Maximum Tension on xing bolt:
for maximum tension occur in xing bolt is calculated based on tilting of Transformer for 30
degrees on vertical plane, hence the self weight is being sustained by two bolts is the maximum
tension assumed for this estimate.
Transformer center of gravity is assumed
located in the sketch as shown. "K"
distance is between xing bolts.
Transformer foundation Bolt
Arrangement.
sketch of Transformer from dwg.
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 1 of 7 DP
moment on rigid foundation connecting xing bolts, M
K
0
1350mm := H
0
1900mm := R
0
1047mm := radius for center of gravity locus .
lever
K
0
2
R
0
sin 30deg
( )
+ 1198.5 mm = :=
M
fb
W
t
lever := M
fb
214.38 kN m =
Tension Developed in the Bolt, T.B
T
B
M
fb
K
0
2
:=
T
B
79.4 kN =
For this maximum tension, T
B
79.4 kN = , the bolt is designed.
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 2 of 7 DP
Bolt Data: Bearing Plate Data:
Bolt Grade Grade 8.8 Base Plate Steel Grade S275
Bolt size M20
b
20mm := Bearing Plate Dimensions:
t
BP
10mm :=
Bolt Length l
b
330mm :=
Bolt embedded length,h1 h
1
150mm := b
BP
100mm :=
Tension Strength referred to BS 5950 cl 6.3.4,
Bolts Subjected to Tension, Table 34.
Tension Strength p
t
560
N
mm
2
:=
Tensile Stress area mm2 from
table BS 4190,for M20
a
b
245mm
2
:=
1. Bolt Capacities for Shear ,Tension and Compression.
Shear Capacity of the Bolt, Pv
Design Strength of Steel as per BS 5950: 3.1.1 Design strength , Tabl e 9,
p
y
275
N
mm
2
:= assuming S275 Grade steel,
Shear Area for the Bolt, Av
A
v
0.9

b
2
|

\
|
|

2
:=
P
v
0.6 p
y
A
v
:= P
v
46.653 kN =
Tension Capacity of the Bolt,Pt
A
e
a
b
:= area for tension capacity calculation,
P
t
0.8p
t
A
e
:=
P
t
109.76 kN =
factor of safety for Bolt in Tension, FOS
TensionBolt
P
t
T
B
:=
FOS
TensionBolt
1.382 = OK
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 3 of 7 DP
Compression Capacity of the Bolt, Pc
RG
B

b
2
|

\
|
|

(
(
(
(

b
2
|

\
|
|

:= calculation of Radius of Gyration for the Bolt, RG


B
5 mm =
slenderness of the boltb, calculated of projected length,
l
p
l
b
h
1
:=
l
p
180 mm =
Eective length of Bolt considering cantilever part of the Bolt,
l
e
2 l
p
:= BS 5950: Table 22 Nomi nal eective length LE for a compression member
slenderness of the Bolt, b

b
l
e
RG
B
:=
b
72 =
BS 5950:Table 24 Compressive strength pc (N/mm2)
p
c
234
N
mm
2
:=
a
g
a
b
:=
Compression Capacity, P
c
a
g
p
c
:= P
c
57.33 kN =
Summary of Bolt Capacities:
Shear Capacity of the Bolt, Pv P
v
46.653 kN =
Tension Capacity of the Bolt,Pt P
t
109.76 kN =
Compression Capacity of the Bolt, Pc P
c
57.33 kN =
Tension Capacity of Concrete embedded part of Bolt, P.T, considering Bolt Shear force with concrete
intact , estimated with an Ultimate Shear Stress capacity of concrete as per BS 8110: 3.7.7.2
Maximum design shear capacity, 0.8[fcu]^[1/2]
f
cu
28MPa := f
bu
0.8
f
cu
MPa
MPa :=
P
T

b
h
1
f
bu
:= P
T
39.897 kN =
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 4 of 7 DP
P
T
39.897 kN = , This is the Tension Capacity of the Bolt with concrete alone, without considering
the Bearing Plate contribution.
Contribution from Bearing Plate to the Tension Capacity of the Bolt Assembly:
Net area of Bearing Plate to the Tension developed along the Bolt,
BP
neta
b
BP
2

b
2
|

\
|
|

2
:= BP
neta
9685.841 mm
2
=
Bearing Capacity of Bearing Plate with concrete, considering ultimate state of concrete,
f
u
0.8f
cu
:= BS 8110: cl 5.3.5.1 "Joints with structural steel inserts"
BP
c
BP
neta
f
u
:=
BP
c
216.963 kN =
therefore the total Tension that can develop on Bolt assembly,
P
T
39.897 kN =
T
tot
BP
c
P
T
+ 256.86 kN = := T
tot
256.86 kN =
This full capacity will be functional only if the Bearing Stress between steel bolt and plate will permit
bolt tension force, which is less than this, P
T
39.897 kN = , with shear stresses developed in the safe
limits. This will be checked at the Weld Design part of this calculation.
Factor of Safety for assembly in
tension,
FOS
assembly
T
tot
T
B
:= FOS
assembly
3.235 = OK
Shear Stress at Connection point of Bolt and Plate:
Force on Bolt at connection point, T
B
P
T
39.503 kN =
Shear Stress on connection ring,
T
B
P
T


b
t
BP

62.871
N
mm
2
=
Allowable Shear Stress on bearing plate for Steel connection fo S275 grade steel,
P
VBP
0.6 p
y
:=
P
VBP
165
N
mm
2
= P
VBP
T
B
P
T


b
t
BP

> 1 =
OK
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 5 of 7 DP
2. Bolt and Bearing Plate Connection
bolt shear at intact to bearing plate, shear area around bolt, penetrated length, A.sh
a
sh

b
t
BP
:= a
sh
628.319 mm
2
=
assume a weld of 5mm throat Fillet Weld.
f
w
220
N
mm
2
:= Throat 5mm :=
Weld length, L
w

b

( )
2 125.664 mm = := two sides of weld, in the Bearing Plate.
Loading Bearing Capacity of weld,
WBC f
w
Throat L
w
:=
WBC 138.23 kN =
Shear Stress on weld,
T
B
P
T

( )
Throat
( )

125.742
N
mm
2
= OK < 220N/mm2 T
B
P
T
39.503 kN =
Minimum Weld length required for the diameter of 20mm M20 bolt.
0.87 p
y

( )

4 Throat f
w


b
2
68.33 mm = BS 7902: Specication for Metal arc welding of steel for
concrete reinforcement, 10.9 Weld design & 10.9.2 Joint design
and strength.
Weld length of 125mm is provided hence safe.
Factor of safety for the Weld provided, FOS
weld
WBC
T
B
P
T

( )
:=
FOS
weld
3.499 =
Recommended Torque for the Preloads,
F
i
T
B
:= tension force developed in Bolt Assembly,
take nut constant as 0.2 K
n
0.2 :=
Torque K
n
F
i

b
:=
Torque 317.599 N m =
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 6 of 7 DP
El Madar for Engineering Projects. 7 of 7 DP

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