Viscosity

http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/Viscosity.html

Disclaimer: The information on this page has not been checked by an independent person. Use this information at your own risk. ROYMECH Home Tribology_Index Viscosity More Details on on Viscosity are to be found in the links below the table Viscosit y A plate of area "A" moving under the action of a force "F" with a resulting velocity "V" over a fixed plate separated by a film of fluid "h" thick. The shear stress on the fluid is "F / A". For a Newtonian fluid the shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity gradient in the fluid- "dV /dh" . P / A = m . dV /dy The proportionality constant " m " is the viscosity and has units of ( N/m ) .( m ). ( m / s ) = N . s / m ...

Dynamic Viscosit y The coherent SI unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal second (Pa s). This equates to a Newton second per square metre (N.s / m 2 ). In the cgs unit the poise is the corresponding unit which has dimensions of dyne seconds per cm . The centipoise (cP = 10 poise) is the most common unit used in tables and handbooks.... 1 Pas = 1000. cP. The viscosity of water at room temperature is approximately 1 cP

-2

Kinemat ic Viscosit y This is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity and the fluid density r ( kg /cubic m ) The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is the m

2 / s.

The

2 equivalent cgs unit is the stoke (St) which has the unit of cm / s.
cSt

2 6 The unit commonly used is the centistoke(cSt)....... 1 m / s = 10

Absolute Kinematic Viscosity (m

2 / s ) = m( Pa s ) / r(kg / m3 )

Kinematic viscosity (centiStokes) = m(centiPoise) / r ( grammes /cubic cm ) Saybolt Universal Viscosit y A method of determining a lubrication fluids viscosity is to measure the rate of flow of the fluid through a test device. The rate is measured in seconds the greater the number of seconds the more viscous the fluid. This viscosity is seconds t = Saybolt universal Viscosity - seconds. The dynamic viscosity relates to the Saybolt universal viscosity (t) by the following formula Viscosity m(Poise) = (0.00022 .t 0.18 / t)

SAE Viscosity grading SAE (Society of automobile engineers ) has allocated numbers for specifying the viscosity of Engine Oils.. The SAE grades 0W through 25W, where W stands for Winter, have a maximum viscosity specified at low temperatures ( 5 through 35C), to ensure easy starting under low temperature conditions, and a minimum viscosity requirement at 100C to ensure satisfactory lubrication at the final operating temperature. The SAE grades 20 through 60 only have limits set at 100C as these grades are not intended for use under low temperature conditions. For marine applications, monograde oils of SAE 30 or SAE 40 are used because of the steady operating conditions in a ship's engine room. On the other hand, automotive oils are normally formulated with Viscosity Index Improvers (VI Improvers) to provide multigrade performance. VI Improvers are very large molecules, which are chemically made by linking together smaller molecules in a process called polymerization. The resulting products, called polymers, may have molecular weights 1000 times or more greater than the base

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Viscosity

http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/Viscosity.html

stock molecules. The use of these special polymers makes it possible to meet both the low temperature viscosity requirements of the W grades as well as the high temperature requirements of the non-W grades. Thus a SAE 20W 40 has the low temperature viscosity value of a SAE 20W oil at low temperatures and the high temperature viscosity of a SAE 40 oil at the higher temperature. Different tests are completed to establish the viscosities for different operating regimes. Tests are completed for low temperature

Pumping in engines starting at low temperature; Lubricating the crankshaft bearings at low temperature Lubricating the engine at normal operating temperatures Viscosity (cP)* at Temperature (oC), Max Cranking 3250 at30 3500 at 25 3500 at 20 3500 at 15 4500 at 10 6000 at 5 Pumpability 30,000 at 35 30,000 at 30 30,000 at 25 30,000 at 20 30,000 at 15 30,000 at 10 Min 3.8 3.8 4.1 5.6 5.6 9.3 5.6 9.3 12.5 16.3 21.9

SAE Viscosity Grade 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 20 30 40 50 60

Viscosity mm /s (cSt) at 100 C Max ---9.3 12.5 16.3 21.9 26.1

I SO Viscosit y grading The ISO 3448 grading system for Industrial Engine Oils simply relates to the midpoint viscosity of oil in cStokes ( at 40 deg ) as shown in the table below.

Midpoint Viscosity at Viscosity Grade IS VG 2 IS VG 3 IS VG 5 IS VG 7 IS VG 10 IS VG 15 IS VG 22 IS VG 32 IS VG 46 IS VG 68 IS VG 100 IS VG 150 IS VG 220 IS VG 320 IS VG 460 IS VG 680 IS VG 1000 IS VG 1500 40 o C 2,2 3,2 4,6 6,8 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 1500

Kinematic Viscosity Limits( cStoke ) Min 1,98 2,88 4,14 6,12 9,00 13,5 19,8 28,8 41,4 61,2 90,0 135 198 288 414 612 900 1300 Max 2,42 3,52 5,06 7,48 11,00 16,5 24,2 35,2 50,6 74,8 110 165 242 352 506 748 1100 1650

Links to Liquid Lubrication 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Engine Oil Bible ...Very Useful for motorists Texaco ...Product Data and information Exxon ...Product Data and information Schaeffer oil includes Technical Data Sheets ...Lubrication data sheets Herguth Laboratories, inc. ..Includes notes on physical and chemical properties of mineral oils.

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http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/Viscosity.html

6. Faculty of Technology Plymouth ... Lubrication Course Notes- Some Useful Calcs 7. QTC Gears ... A very useful article with lots of information on gear lubrication, Oil Viscosity etc

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Home Tribology_Index Please Send Comments to Roy@roymech.co.uk Last Updated 02/05/2008

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