GA - Hoa Hoc 10 - Co Ban

Gio n ha hc 10 Ban c bn
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Trng THPT BC Nam Sch
HC K I
Mc lc
Tit 1 Tit 2
n tp u nm n tp u nm (tip theo) CHNG I : NGUYN T Tit 3 Thnh phn nguyn t 10 Tit 4 Ht nhn nguyn t - Nguyn t ho hc - ng v Tit 5 Ht nhn nguyn t - Nguyn t ho hc - ng v (tit theo) Tit 6 Luyn tp: Thnh phn nguyn t Tit 7 Cu to v electron ca nguyn t Tit 8 Cu to v electron ca nguyn t (tip theo) Tit 9 Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Tit 10 Luyn tp: Cu to v electron ca nguyn t Tit 11 Luyn tp: Cu to v electron ca nguyn t (tip theo) Tit 12 Kim tra vit (45 pht) CHNG II : BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC NH LUT TUN HON Tit 13 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc Tit 14 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc (tip theo) Tit 15 S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc Tit 16 S bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t ho hc - nh lut tun hon Tit 17 S bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t ho hc - nh lut tun hon (tip theo) Tit 18 ngha ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc Tit 19 Luyn tp: Bng tun hon, s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t v tnh cht cc nguyn t ho hc Tit 20 Luyn tp: Bng tun hon, s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t v tnh cht cc nguyn t ho hc (tip theo) Tit 21 Kim tra vit (45 pht) CHNG III : LIN KT HO HC Tit 22 Lin kt ion Tinh th Ion Tit 23 Lin kt cng ho tr Tit 24 Lin kt cng ho tr (tip theo) Tit 25 Tinh th nguyn t - Tinh th phn t Tit 26 Ho tr v s oxi ho Tit 27 Luyn tp: Lin kt ho hc Tit 28 Luyn tp: Lin kt ho hc (tip theo) CHNG IV : PHN NG OXI HO - KH Tit 30 Phn ng oxi ho - kh Tit 30 Phn ng oxi ha - kh (tip theo) Tit 31 Phn loi phn ng trong ho hc v c
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Tit 33 Tit 33 Tit 34 Tit 35 Tit 36
Luyn tp: Phn ng oxi ho kh Luyn tp: Phn ng oxi ho kh (tip theo) Bi thc hnh s 1: Phn ng oxi ho - kh (kim tra TH) n tp hc k I Kim tra hc k I (45 pht) HC K II
CHNG V : NHM HALOGEN Tit 37 Khi qut v nhm halogen Tit 38 Clo Tit 39 Hiro clorua Axit clohiric v mui - Luyn tp Tit 40 Hiro clorua Axit clohiric v mui - Luyn tp (tip theo) Tit 41 Bi thc hnh s 2: Tnh cht ho hc ca kh clo v hp cht ca clo Tit 42 S lc v hp cht c oxi ca clo Tit 43 Flo Brm Iot Tit 44 Flo Brm Iot (tip theo) Tit 45 Luyn tp: Nhm halogen Tit 46 Luyn tp: Nhm halogen (tip theo) Tit 47 Bi thc hnh s 3: Tnh cht ho hc ca Brom v Iot Tit 48 Kim tra vit (45 pht) CHNG VI : OXI LU HUNH Tit 49 Oxi Ozon - Luyn tp Tit 50 Oxi Ozon - Luyn tp (tip theo) Tit 51 Lu hunh Tit 52 Bi thc hnh s 4: Tnh cht ca oxi , lu hunh Tit 53 Hiro sunfua Lu hunh ioxit Lu hunh trioxit Tit 54 Hiro sunfua Lu hunh ioxit Lu hunh trioxit (tip theo) Tit 55 Axit sunfuric - Mui sunfat Tit 56 Axit sunfuric - Mui sunfat(tip theo) Tit 57 Luyn tp: Oxi v lu hunh Tit 58 Luyn tp: Oxi v lu hunh (tip theo) Tit 59 Bi thc hnh s 5: Tnh cht cc hp cht ca lu hunh (kim tra TH) Tit 60 Kim tra vit (45 pht) CHNG VII : TC PHN NG V CN BNG PHN NG HO HC Tit 61 Tc phn ng ho hc Tit 62 Tc phn ng ho hc (tip theo) Tit 63 Bi thc hnh s 6: Tc phn ng ho hc Tit 64 Cn bng ho hc Tit 65 Cn bng ho hc (tip theo) Tit 66 Luyn tp: Tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc Tit 67 Luyn tp: Tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc (tip theo) Tit 68 n tp hc k II Tit 69 n tp hc k II (tip theo)
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Tit 70
Kim tra hc k II (45 pht)
Tit 1: N TP U NM Son ngy: 31/09/2007 A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc Qua bi ging hc sinh c c c nhng im sau: Cch h thng li cc kin thc ha hc c bn c hc THCS c lin quan trc tip ti chng trnh ha hc lp 10. + Nguyn t l g? Cu to ca nguyn t nh th no? + Nguyn t ha hc, ha tr v cch xc nh ha tr ca nguyn t. + nh lut bo ton khi lng, mol, t khi ca cht kh. II. K nng - Rn luyn k nng lm mt s bi tp c lin quan n cu to nguyn t - Rn luyn k nng lp cng thc, tnh ton theo cng thc v phng trnh phn ng, t khi ca cht kh. - Rn luyn k nng chuyn i gia khi lng mol (M), khi lng cht (m), s mol (n), th tch kh ktc (V), v s mol phn t cht (A). III. Thi - tnh cm - Gy hng th, ham thch hc tp mn ha hc. - Rn luyn thc cn thn, trung thc, kin tr, t m, chnh xc trong cng vic. - C thc trch nhim i vi bn thn, gia nh v x hi. B. dng hc tp phng php I. dng hc tp 1. Gio vin - Gio n - H thng bi tp v cu hi gi n tp 2. Hc sinh - n tp li cc kin thc c lin quan trong chng trnh ha hc lp 8. II. Phng php Phng php vn p ti hin C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp v kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 1 : N TP U NM Hot ng 3 1. Nguyn t
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(?) Da vo nhng kin thc hc - L ht v cng nh b to nn cc cht. lp 8, cc em hy cho bit: - Nguyn t gm c: ht nhn mang in - Nguyn t l g? tch dng v c lp v c mt hay nhiu electron mang in tch m. Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh - Cu to ca nguyn t? - Cu to ca nguyn t: + Ht nhn nguyn t mang in tch dng nm tm nguyn t, gm ht proton (p) v ht ntron (n) - c im ca cc ht cu to nn * Ht p, in tch 1+, khi lng ln hn nguyn t? khi lng e khong 1836 ln. Trong nguyn t, s ht p bng s ht e. * Ht n, khng mang in, c khi lng + Nghe kin ca HS bng khi lng ca ht p. + V nguyn t gm cc ht e mang in + Nhn xt v a ra kt lun li tch m (k hiu l e). Cc e c khi lng cui cng rt nh b so vi khi lng ca nguyn t Hot ng 4 2. Nguyn t ha hc (?) Da vo cc kin thc hc, em + Lng nghe, suy ngh tm cch gii quyt hy cho bit nguyn t ha hc l g? - L tp hp nhng nguyn t c cng s ht proton trong ht nhn. - Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn - Nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t thuc cng mt nguyn t ha t ha hc u c tnh cht ha hc ging hc? nhau. Hot ng 5 3. Ha tr ca mt nguyn t (?) Ha tr ca mt nguyn t ha - L con s biu th kh nng lin kt ca hc l g? nguyn t nguyn t ny vi nguyn t ca nguyn t khc. (?) Cch xc nh ha tr ca mt - Cch xc nh ha tr: trong hp cht nguyn t ha hc? AxBy, tch ca ch s v ha tr ca nguyn t ny bng tch ch s v ha tr ca a b nguyn t kia: Ax B y a x = b y - Bit c gi tr 3 i lng => i lng th 4 (?) Yu cu HS xc nh ha tr ca HS: Lm bi tp vo v x 2 cc nguyn t trong hp cht Na2O, Na 2 O 2 x = 2 1 => x = 1 CH4, SO3, NH3 (bit ha tr ca O l x 1 C H 4 x 1 = 1 4 => x = 4 2 v H l 1)? * VD: x 2
S O 2 x.1 = 2.2 => x = 4
x 1
N H 3 x.1 = 1.3 => x = 3
Hot ng 6
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4. nh lut bo ton khi lng (?) Nu ni dung ca nh lut bo - Trong mt phn ng ha hc, tng khi ton khi lng? lng ca cc cht sn phm bng tng khi lng ca cc cht phn ng. - Ly v d minh ha. VD: Trong phn ng ha hc Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh (?) Yu cu HS lm bi tp p dng: 6 HCl + 2 Al 2 AlCl3 + 3H 2 BT: Cho 1,4 gam hn hp gm Mg Ta c: m + m = m + m HCl Al ACl H v Fe tc dng va vi vi 160 HS: Lm bi tp p vo v ml dung dch HCl 2M, sau phn ng Phng trnh phn ng: ta thu c 0,896 lt H2 ktc. Tnh Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H 2 khi lng mui khan thu c.
3 2
+ Hng dn HS lm bi - Nhn xt v phn ng - Tnh khi lng ca HCl, H2 - p dng nh lut bo ton khi Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: lng mkk + HCl mmuoi mH m = + + Nhn xt v cho im bi lm ca mmuoi = mkl + mHCl mH = 13, 44 g hc sinh. =>
2
2
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H 2 V 0,896 Ta c mH 2 = n.M = 22, 4 .M = 22, 4 .2 = 0, 08 g mHCl = n.M = CM .V .M = 2.0,16.36,5 = 11, 68 g
Hot ng 7 5. Mol GV: Yu cu hc sinh nhc li khi HS: Nhc li khi nim mol, khi lng nim: mol, th tch mol. - Mol l g? * Mol l lng cht cha 6.1023 nguyn t hoc phn t cht . Con s 6.1023 gi l s Avogaro v c k hiu l N = 6.1023. - Khi lng mol l g? * Khi lng mol (k hiu M) ca mt cht l khi lng tnh bng gan ca N nguyn t hoc phn t. VD: MO = 16g; MH = 1g; M O = 32g; - Khi nim th tch mol cht kh? * Th tch mol ca cht kh l th tch chim bi N phn t ca cht kh - ktc, th tch mol ca cc cht kh u l 22,4 lt. GV: Yu cu HS a ra mi quan h HS: a ra mi lin h gia: m = n.M m - Khi lng cht (m) khi lng n= m mol (M). M M = n - Khi lng cht (m) s mol (n). V (l ) - Khi lng mol (M) s mol (n) nkhi = V = 22, 4.n 22, 4 - S mol (n) th tch cht kh (V) A - S mol (n) S phn t, s n = A = N .n N nguyn t (A)
2
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(?) Yu cu HS lm bi tp: Hy tnh HS: Lm bi tp vo v. m 1,1 th tch ( ktc) ca hn hp c nCO = = = 0, 025(mol ) M 44 cha 1,1 gam CO2 v 1,6 gam O2. Ta c m 1, 6 + Hng dn HS lm bi tp nO = = = 0, 05(mol ) M 32 - Tnh s mol ca cc cht CO2, O2 - Tnh s mol hn hp => Vhh Vy th tch hn hp l: Vhh = 1, 68(l ) Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hot ng 8 6. T khi ca cht kh GV: Yu cu hc sinh nhc li khi HS: nhc li khi nim nim: * T khi ca kh A i vi kh B cho bit - T khi ca cht kh l g? kh A nng hay nh hn kh B bao nhiu ln. mA M A .nA M A - Cng thc tnh t khi ca kh A so - Cng thc tnh: d A B = m = M .n = M vi kh B. Gii thch cc k hiu c B B B B trong biu thc tnh. HS: lm bi tp vo v. (?) Yu cu HS lm bi tp: M CH 16 M C l 71 d = = 8= d = = 2.45 = - Tnh t khi ca kh CH4, SO2 so MH 2 M kk 29 H kk ; vi Hiro ? M CO 44 M SO 80 = 22= d SO = - Tnh t khi ca kh Cl2, SO3 so vi dCO = = 2.76 = MH 2 M kk 29 H kk khng kh ? + Hng dn HS lm bi + Nhn xt bi lm ca SH Hot ng 9 Cng c kin thc Bi tp v nh (?) HS h thng ha li cc kin thc HS: H thng ha li cc kin thc quan quan trng trong bi. trng hc trong bi. - Hng dn hc sinh lm cc bi - Lm cc bi tp theo s hng dn ca tp. gio vin - Nhc hc sinh ni dung cc kin HS: Lng nghe cc ni dung cn n tp thc s n tp tit 2 v yu cu HS tit 2 v nh chun b. v n tp cc ni dung sau: 1. Cc cng thc v dung dch nh: tan, nng C%, nng CM 2. S phn loi cc hp cht v c 3. Bng tun hon
2 2 4 2 CH4 2 Cl2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM
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Tit 2 : N TP U NM (tip theo) Son ngy 31/09/2007 A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc HS s tip tc n v cng c li cc kin thc c bn m HS c hc THCS. - V dung dch ( tan, nng C%, CM) v s dng thnh tho cc cng thc tnh tan, nng C%, nng CM, khi lng ring ca dung dch. - Cc loi cht v c, tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht v c (axit, baz, mui, oxit) - Kin thc v bng h thng tun hon ( nguyn t, chu k, nhm) II. K nng - Rn luyn k nng lm mt s bi tp c lin quan n dung dch - Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc - K nng lm mt s bi tp lin quan n cu to nguyn t - K nng t duy, phn on, trnh by mt bi ton ha hc III. Thi d - tnh cm - Thy c vai tr v ngha ca mn ha hc - Gip hc sinh thm yu thch mn ha hc hn. B. dng hc tp phng php I. dng hc tp 1) Gio vin - Gio n, h thng bi tp v cu hi gi . 2) Hc sinh - n tp li cc ni dung m GV nhc nh tit trc. - Gii mt s bi tp vn dng theo s ch o v hng dn ca gio vin. II. Phng php Phng php vn p ti hin C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp v kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi Tit 2: N TP U NM (tip theo)
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Hot ng 3 I. Dung dch (15 pht) (?) yu cu HS tho lun h thng li - Tho lun a ra cu tr li: cc ni dung sau: - tan ca mt cht trong nc (S) - tan ca mt cht trong nc l g? c tnh bng s gam ca cht ha tan trong 100g nc to thnh dung dung dich bo ha mt nhit xc nh Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh m - Cng thc tnh tan S = t .100( g ) - Nhng yu t nh hng n tan ca mt cht trong nc? - Nu cc cng thc tnh nng ca dung dch m cc em bit? + Nng phn trm (C%) ? + Nng mol (CM) ?
mdm
- Cht rn: S tng khi t 0 tng - Cht kh: S tng khi t 0 gim, p tng - Cc cng thc tnh nng dung dch: + Nng phn trm (C%)
mdd .C % mct = 100% m C % = ct .100% mdd m = mct .100% dd C% n CM = + Nng mol (CM) V (l )
(?) Yu cu HS lm bi tp p dng HS: Lm bi theo s hng dn ca GV Ha tan 16g NaOH vo nc thu a. S mol NaOH trong 200ml dd NaOH c 200ml dung dch: m 16 nNaOH = = = 0, 4mol a. Tnh nng mol ca dd NaOH? M 40
NaOH => CM =
b. Cn dng bao nhiu gam dung dch b. Phn ng trung ha axit H2SO4 19,6% trung ha ht 50ml 2 NaOH + H 2 SO4 Na2 SO4 + 2 H2 O dung dch NaOH ni trn? pu n NaOH = CM .V = 2.0, 05 = 0,1mol + Hng dn hc sinh lm bi Theo phng trnh phn ng ta c
1 1 nH 2 SO4 = .nNaOH = .0, 05 = 0,1mol 2 2 Vy mH 2SO4 = n.M = 0, 05.98 = 4,9 g
n 0, 4 = = 2M V 0, 2
+ Nhn xt bi lm ca HS
Hot ng 4 S phn loi cc hp cht v c (15 pht) (?) Hy k cc loi hp cht v c Hp cht v c c chia lm 4 loi: c hc bc THCS? + Oxit (gm oxit baz v oxit axit) - Ly v d minh ha - Oxit baz: Tc dng vi dd axit to thnh mui v nc. VD: Na2O; Fe2O3, - Nu nhng tnh cht ha hc c - Oxit axt: Tc dng vi dd baz to trng thnh mui v nc VD: SO2; P2O5,
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+ Axit: tc dng vi baz to thnh mui v nc - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha VD: H2SO4, HNO3, + Baz: tc dng vi axit to thnh mui v nc VD: NaOH, Fe(OH)2, - Nhn xt cc phng trnh phn ng + Mui: c th tc dng vi axit to sn m HS vit. phm l mui mi v axit mi, c th tc dng vi dung dch baz to sn Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh - H thng ha li phm l mui mi v baz mi. VD: NaCl, MgCl2, CaCO3, Hot ng 5 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc (10 ph t) (?) Hy cho bit cu to ca bng tun - nguyn t cho bit s hiu nguyn hon cc nguyn t ha hc v ngha? t, k hiu ha hc, tn nguyn t, + nguyn t l g? nguyn t khi ca nguyn t . + Chu k l g? - Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m + Nhm l g? nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp e v c sp xp theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. - Nhm gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s e lp ngoi cng. (?) Yu cu HS lm bi tp - Lm bi tp theo s hng dn Nguyn t A trong bng HTTH c s a. Cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t A hiu nguyn t l 12, hy cho bit: + Ht nhn c in tch 12+ a. Cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t A + Trong nhn c 12 proton b. V tr ca A trong bng tun hon. + Lp v gm c 12 electron c. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca b. V tr ca A trong bng tun hon nguyn t A. - S th t 12 + Chu k 3 - Nhm IIA c. Tnh cht ha hc c trng l tnh kim loi Hot ng 6 Cng c kin thc Bi tp v nh (3 pht) - Yu cu HS nhc li cc kin thc - Nhc li cc kin thc trng tm cn trng tm hc trong bi. nh trong bi hc - Nhc HS v n li cac kin thc trng - V n li cc kin thc theo s ch o tm c bn ca lp 8, 9 chun b cho ca gio vin chng trnh ha hc 10 - Yu cu hc sinh v nh lm mt s - V nh lm bi tp bi tp cng c kin thc. NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM
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CHNG I: NGUYN T
Bi 1
Tit 3: THNH PHN NGUYN T Son ngy: 04/09/2007
A. Mc tiu bi ging I. Kin thc - Hc sinh hiu c nguyn t cha phi l cu to nh nht ca vt cht. - Nguyn t c cu to phc tp, c cu to bi cc ht nh hn l eeleectron, proton v ntron. - Nguyn t v cc ht u c khi lng, kch thc v u mang in tr ht ntron khng mang in v nguyn t trung ha v in II. K nng - C k nng quan st m hnh hay th nghim m phng, phn tch hin tng rt ra kt lun v cu to nguyn t. o - Hc sinh bit cch s dng cc n v o lng nh: u, ddvddt, nm, A - Bit cch lm mt s bi tp c lin quan III. Tnh cm thi - Phn bit c th gii v m v th gii vi m. - hiu c th gii vi m phi t duy trn c s cc kt qu th nghim v cc kt qu tnh ton rt ra kt lun. B. dng hc tp Phng Php I. dng hc tp 1. Gio vin - Gio n, h thng cu hi nhm phc v cho bi hc - S tm tt th nghim tm ra tia m cc - M hnh th nghim khm ph ra nguyn t ( nu c) 2. Hc sinh - Sch gio khoa ha hc lp 10 - Xem nhng kin thc lin quan n phn nguyn t II. Phng php - Phng php m thoi gi m kt hp dng cc dng dy hc trc quan.
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C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin
Hot ng ca hc sinh
Hot ng 1 n nh t chc lp - kim tra s s Hot ng 2 Vo bi GV t vn : T trc Cng nguyn n th k XIX ngi ta cho rng cc cht u c to nn t nhng ht cc k nh b khng th phn chia c na gi l nguyn t. Ngy nay, ngi ta bit rng nguyn t c cu to phc tp: gm c ht Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh nhn mang in tch dng v lp v electron mang in tch m.
Tit 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T

Hot ng 3 I. Thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t 1. Electron a) S tm ra electron GV t vn : mc ch ca th nghim: Nguyn t khng chia nh hn c na hay nguyn t c to nn t nhng phn t cn nh hn n. Gi thit nguyn t c to nn t nhng phn t cn nh hn n th t phi c hin tng th hin. Hin tng l g ? GV m t, hng dn HS tm hiu cu to thit b phng in ca th nghim trong hnh 1.3 (SGK). (?) GV thuyt trnh v th nghim tm ra tia m cc. T hin tng xy ra, ta rt ra c iu g ? GV kt lun: Tia m cc l mt trong s cc chng c chng t nguyn t c cu to phc tp. (?) Tia m cc c phi l vt cht c thc hay khng, lm sao chng minh c n ? (?) Trn ng i ca tia m cc nu ta t mt chong chng nh thy chong chng quay chng t hin tng g ? GV kt lun: Tia m cc l chm ht vt cht c thc chuyn ng rt nhanh.
- HS nghe v c SGK tm hiu v th nghim ca Tm-xn. - Mn hunh quang trong ng pht sng do nhng tia pht ra t cc m v gi l tia m cc
- HS: tia m cc l vt cht c thc, n c th lm quay chong chng nh v n chuyn ng vi vn tc ln.
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- GV t vn v ht vt cht c trong tia m cc c mang in hay khng. Mang in dng hay in m. Lm th no chng minh c iu ny ? - Minh ha th nghim Tia m cc lch v pha bn cc dng. Vy tia m cc l chm ht mang in dng hay m ? GV kt lun: Ngi ta gi nhng ht to thnh tia m cc l electron. Electron c mt mi cht, n l mt trong nhng thnh phn cu to nn nguyn t ca Hot ng ca gio vin mi nguyn t ha hc.
- HS c th t ng phng tia m cc gia hai bn cc mang in tri du. Nu tia m cc mang in th n phi lch v pha bn cc mang in tri du. HS: Tia m cc l chm ht mang in m. HS tia m cc l chm ht electron Electron to nn lp v nguyn t ca mi nguyn t ha hc. Hot ng ca hc sinh
b) Khi lng v in tch ca electron (?) Yu cu HS c v ghi khi lng v HS: khi lng me = 9,1094.1031 (kg ) in tch electron vo v. GV Electron c in tch m v c gi tr in tch qe = 1, 602.1019 C = 1 (culng) qe = 1, 602.1019 C , l in tch nh nht nn c dng lm in tch n v, k hiu l eo Hot ng 4 2. S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t GV t vn : trn chng ta bit nguyn t cha cc ht e mang in tch m m nguyn t th trung ha v in. Vy chc chn phi cha nhng phn t mang in tch dng. Phn mang in tch dng ny phn tn trong c nguyn t hay tp trung mt vng no ca nguyn t ? Lm th no chng minh ?. GV m t th nghim hnh 1.4 (SGK) ca R-d-pho. Dng ht bn ph mt l vng mng kt qu th nghim: - Hu ht cc ht u xuyn thng qua tm vng mng. - C mt s t ht i lch hng ban u. - C s t ht b bt tr li pha sau khi gp l vng. (?) Kt qu th nghim ni nn iu g ?. HS nghe GV m ta v xem trong SGK hiu v th nghim.
HS: Hu ht cc ht xuyn qua tm vng mng chng t nguyn t khng phi l nhng ht c kht m c cu to rng. - Cc ht tch in dng, chng lch ng i hoc b bt tr li chng n gn cc phn t tch in dng nn b y. GV hng dn HS kt lun vn : - V ch c mt phn rt nh cc ht b GV nhn mnh: Nguyn t phi cha lch hng cc ht tch in dng phn mang in dng tm l ht nhn trong nguyn t gy nn va chm ch c khi lng ln, nhng li c kch chim mt th tch rt nh trong nguyn
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thc rt nh so vi kch thc ca t. nguyn t. Do vy, nguyn t c cu to rng. Xung quanh ht nhn c cc e to nn nguyn t. S n v in tch HS ghi kt lun. dng ca ht nhn ng bng s e quay quanh ht nhn. Khi lng ca nguyn t hu nh tp trung ht nhn. Hot ng 5 3. Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t GV t vn : Ht nhn nguyn t l phn t khng cn phn chia c na hay ht nhn ht nhn c cu to t nhng ht nh hn. Lm th no chng minh? a) S tm ra proton Hot ng ca gio vin GV m t th nghim ca R-d-pho nm 1918: Bn ht vo ht nhn nguyn t nit th xut hin ht nhn nguyn t oxi v ht proton mang din dng (1+), khi lng l 1, 6726.1027 kg chnh l ht proton (p) GV kt lun: ht p l thnh phn cu to HS ghi kt lun v nhn xt. - Ht nhn p l mt thnh phn cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t. ca ht nhn nguyn t (?) khi lng v in tch ht nhn ca qe = 1, 602.1019 C = 1 + proton l bao nhiu ? 27
m p = 1, 6726.10 kg 1u
14 7
Hot ng ca hc sinh
N + 24 He 11 H + 17 O 8
b) S tm ra ntron GV m t th nghim ca Chat-uch HS nghe v ghi thng tin nm 1932: bn ht vo ht nhn nguyn t beri th xut hin ht nhn nguyn t cacbon v ht khng mang in: ht ntron
9 4
Be + 24 He 01 n + 12 C 6
c) Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t (?) T cc th nghim trn, hy kt lun HS nu kt lun (SGK Tr.7) v cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t ? Hot ng 6 II. Kch thc v khi lng nguyn t 1. Kch thc GV hng dn HS nghin cu SGK HS cn nh: tm hiu v kch thc ca nguyn t. - Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kkhasc nhau th c kch thc khc nhau.
&...
- Nu hnh dung nguyn t nh mt qu cu, trong c cc e chuyn ng rt nhanh xung quanh ht nhn th n c ng knh khong 10-10m. Con s ny rt nh, do vy cc nh khoa hc a ra n v nanomet (nm) hay n v 0 angsstrom ( A )
1nm = 109 m;1nm = 10 A;1 A = 1010 m = 108 cm
0 0
GV lu cc em HS: Vi t l v kch thc nh trn ca nguyn t v ht nhn th cc e rt nh b chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn trong khng gian rng ca nguyn t. Hot ng ca gio vin
- ng knh ca nguyn t khong 10-10nm, ng knh ca ht nhn cn nh hn n khong 10-5nm v ng knh ca e, p cn nh hn nhiu, khong 10-8nm Hot ng ca hc sinh
Hot ng 7 2. Khi lng biu th khi lng ca nguyn t,, phn t v cc ht p, n v e ngi ta dng n v khi lng nguyn t k hiu l u cn gi l vC. 1 (?) Vy u l g ? v n bng bao nhiu ? HS: 1u l khi lng ca mt nguyn 12 GV nhn mnh rng cng thc (1) dng chuyn i gia n v u v g hoc t ng v cacbon. 19,9206.1027 kg ngc li. 1u = = 1, 6605.1027 kg (1)
12
(?) Tnh khi lng nguyn t tng i HS: Theo 1 ta c 1, 67.1024 ca mt nguyn t H bit
mH = 1, 67.1027 g KLNT ( H ) = 1, 66.1024
1u
Hot ng 8 Cng c bi (?) HS nhc li cc kin thc trng tm - HS nhc li cc kin thc trng tm ca ca bi hc bi hc - HS v lm cc bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - HS v lm bi tp (SGK) RT KINH NGHIM SAU GI DY
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Gio n ha hc 10 Ban c bn

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Tit 33 Tit 33 Tit 34 Tit 35 Tit 36

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Kim tra hc k II (45 pht)

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N H 3 x.1 = 1.3 => x = 3

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NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM

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Tit 3: THNH PHN NGUYN T Son ngy: 04/09/2007

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C. Tin trnh ging dy Hot ng ca gio vin

Tit 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T

- HS: tia m cc l vt cht c thc, n c th lm quay chong chng nh v n chuyn ng vi vn tc ln.

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