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tnh ton b SBR

4.2.1 B SBR
+ Cc thng s u vo ca b SBR:
- Cng sut thit k: Q=700m
3
/ng.
- BOD
5
= 40,62 mg/l.
- COD = 153,5 mg/l
Cc thng s u ra: (Theo tiu QCVN 14 2008, ct A)
- BOD
5
s 30 mg/l
- COD s 50mg/l
+ Cc thng s thit k:
- Nng bn hot tnh u vo ca b X
0
=0.
- Thi gian lu bn (tui ca bn) u
c
=10 30 ngy, chn 10 ngy
- T s F/M = 0,05-0,2 ngy
-1

- Nng bn hot tnh l lng trong b: X=2000 5000 mg/l, chn X=3500
mg/l.
- tro ca cn: Z = 0,3 mg/mg.
- Ch s th tch bn: SVI = 120 ml/g
- BOD
5
= 0,65COD
- T s MLVSS: MLSS= 0,68
- Nhit nc thi: t= 25
o
C
- Nng cn lng trung bnh di y b X
S
=10.000mg/l.
- Cht l lng trong nc thi u ra cha 20mg/l cn sinh hc v 65% cht c
kh nng phn hy sinh hc.
4.2.4.1 Xc nh kch thc b SBR:
Tng thi gian ca mt chu k hot ng
T = t
F
+ t
A
+ t
S
+ t
D
+ t
1
= 3 + 2 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 6h
Vi:
Thi gian lm y: t
F
= 3h.
Thi gian phn ng: t
A
= 2h.
Thi gian lng: t
S
= 0,5h.
Thi gian rt nc: t
D
= 0,5h.
Thi gian pha ch: t
1
= 0,
Chn SBR gm 2 n nguyn, khi n nguyn ny ang lm y th n nguyn
khc ang phn ng.
S chu k hot ng ca 1 n nguyn trong 1 ngy
n =
h
h
6
24
= 4 (chu k/n nguyn.ngy)
Tng s chu k lm y trong 1 ngy
N = 2xn = 2x4 = 8 (chu k/ngy)
Th tch b lm y trong 1chu k
V
F
=700/8 = 87,5 (m
3
)
Hm lng cht rn l lng trong th tch bn lng
X
s
=
SVI
l ml gx mg / 1000 / 1000
=
120
1000 1000
= 8333,33 (mg/l)
Xt s cn bng khi lng
V
T
xX =V
S
xX
S


T
S
V
V
=
S
X
X
=
33 , 8333
3500
= 0,42
Cn cung cp thm 20% cht lng pha trn bn khng b rt ra theo khi rt nc
= 0,42x 1,2=0,5
Ta c: V
T
= V
F
+ V
S

Suy ra 1 = +
T
S
T
F
V
V
V
V

T
F
V
V
= 1 0,5 = 0,5chn
T
F
V
V
= 0,5
Th tch ca b SBR:
V
T
= V
F
/0,5 =
5 , 0
5 , 87
= 175m
3

Chn:
Chiu cao ca b, H = 4,5 m
Chiu cao bo v b, h
bv
= 0,5 m
Chiu cao xy dng b
T
F
V
V
H
xd
= H + h
bv
= 4,5 + 0,5 = 5 m
Din tch ca b:
S =
5 , 4
175
=
H
V
T
=38,89 m
2

Vy kch thc b SBR: L x B x H =7m x 5,5 m x 5m
Chiu cao phn cha bn
H
b
=42% x H = 0,42 x 4,5 = 1,89 m
Chiu cao an ton lp bn:
H
an ton
= 0,08 x4,5 = 0,36 m
Th tch phn cha bn:
V
S
= 0,42 x V
T
= 0,42 x 175 = 73,5m
3

Thi gian lu nc ca 2 b trong sut qu trnh:
12 24
700
175 2 2
=

=
Q
V
T
u e 10 50 h
4.2.4.2 Xc nh hm lng BOD
5
ho tan trong nc thi u ra:SRA COD
Tng BOD
5

ra
= BOD
5

ho tan
+ BOD
5 ca cn l lng

Hm lng cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra:
V
F
x 0,65= 87,5 x 0,65 = 56,9 (mg/l)
Hm lng BOD ca cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra:
56,9 mg/l x 1,42 mg O
2
tiu th/mg t bo b oxi ho = 80,8mg/l
Hm lng BOD
5
ca cht l lng u ra:

ll
BOD
5
= 80,8 x 0,68 = 54,94 (mg/l)
Hm lng BOD
5
ho tan trong nc thi u ra:
ht
BOD
5
= -
ra
BOD
5
= 54,94- 30 = 24,94 mg/l
4.2.4.3 Xc nh t s F/M v ti trng BOD
Hiu qu lm sch theo BOD
5
ha tan:
% 6 , 38 100
62 , 40
) 94 , 24 62 , 40 (
100
) (
0
0
=

=
S
S S
E
T s F/M:
M
F
=
X V
S Q
T
o

= 046 , 0
3500 175
62 , 40 700
=

ngy
-1
e [0,04-0,1] ngy
-1
ll
BOD
5
Ti trng th tch ca b phn ng:
175
10 700 62 , 40
3
0

=
T
BOD
V
S Q
L =0,162 kgBOD
5
/m
3
.ngy
Tnh ton lng bn sn sinh ra mi ngy.
Tc tng trng ca bn:

10 146 , 0 1
4 , 0
1 +
=
+
=
C d
b
K
Y
Y
u
=0,163
Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra do kh BOD
5
theo VSS trong 1 ngy:
P
X
= Y
b
x Q x (s
0
S) =0,163x700x (40,62-24,94) x 10
-3
= 1,79(kg/ngy)
Ta chn:
Y=0,4 g VSS/g bBOD
K
d.T
= k
20
x u
(T-20)
= 0,12 g/g.ngy (1,04)
25-20
= 0,146 g/g.ngy
Bng 4.6 H s ng hc bn hot tnh 20
o
C.
H s n v Gii hn Gi tr in hnh
m
g VSS/g VSS.ngy 3-13,2 6
K
s
g bCOD/m
3
5-40 20
Y g VSS/g bCOD 0,3-0,5 0,4
k
d
g VSS/g VSS.ngy 0,06-0,2 0,12
f
d
Khng th nguyn 0,08-,02 0,15

Tng lng bn sinh ra theo SS trong 1 ngy:

3 , 0 1
79 , 1
1
=

=
Z
P
P
X
SS
=2,56kg/ngy
Tng lng bn d cn x l mi ngy:
Lng bn d cn x ly(G
d
) = tng lng bn lng cn tri ra khi b
= 2,56 20 x700 x10
-3
= 14 kg/ngy.
Th tch cn chim ch sau 1 ngy:
1000
10000
02 , 1
14
02 , 1

=
S
d
b
X
G
V =1,17m
3
/ngy.
Chiu cao cn lng trong b:
m
S
V
h
b
b
0146 , 0
40 2
17 , 1
2
=

=

Th tch bn phi x mt b ( li 20%):
V
b
= 0,8h
b
F =0,80,014675,5 = 0,450m
3

Vy lng bn phi bm b hai b SBR mi ngy l:
V
tc
b
= 0,450x2 = 0,9 m
3
/ngy
4.2.4.4 Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit cho mt n nguyn:
Lng oxi cn thit cung cp cho mi b theo iu kin cn lm sch BOD,
oxy ha amoni NH
+
4
thnh NO
3
-
, kh NO
3
-
.
OC
o
= Q(S
o
-S) - 1,42 x Px + 4,57Q(N
0
N)
= (350m
3
/ngy) x (40,62 - 24,94)g/m
3
(1kg/10
3
g) -1,42 x (1,79 kg/ngy)/2
+ 4,57 x 350 (49,72 5,5) g/m
3
(1kg/10
3
g)
= 84,8 kg/ngy 63
Thi gian thi kh ca mt b: ti thiu mt na thi gian lm y nn thi kh
2
3H
+2h = 3,5 h
Tng thi gian sc kh mt ngy ca mt b:
3,5hx4 = 14h
T l chuyn ho oxi trung bnh:

14
/ 65 , 24
2
ngay kgO
= 1,76kg/h
Lng oxi thc t:
1,76 kg/h x2 = 3,52 kg/h
Ta chn:
Hiu sut chuyn ho oxi l 9%
Khng kh c 23,2% trng lng O
2

Khi lng ring khng kh l 1,2 kg/m
3

Lng khng kh cn cp:
M
kk
=
) 232 , 0 )( / 2 , 1 ( 09 , 0
/ 52 , 3
3
m kg
h kg
= 140,48 m
3
/h
Kim tra lng khng kh cn thit cho xo trn hon ton mt b:
q =
V
M
kk
=
ngay 1440phut/ 85,42m
1000L/m /ngay 140,48m
3
3 3


= 1,142L/m
3
.pht
Tr s ny nm ngoi khong cho php: q = 20-40 L/m
3
pht
Vy ta chn q = 25L/m
3
.pht
Lng khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh:
M
kk
= 25l/m
3
pht 85,42m
3
= 2135,5L/pht = 0,0356m
3
/s
S lng a thi kh cn lp t trong b SBR
N =
q
M
kk
=
phut.a
ut 2135,5L/ph
/ 120l
= 17,79 a
Vy s a thi kh cn lp t trong mi b SBR l: 18 a.
4.2.4.5 Cch phn phi a thi kh trong b
Kh t my thi kh c dn qua ng chnh i vo b SBR (t dc theo
chiu di b). Mi ng ng dn vo mi b SBR c chia lm 3 ng ng ph
cp 1 b tr dc theo thnh b xung y b phn phi kh cho cc a t ti y
mi b SBR. Theo tiu chun cc u rng ca a thi kh l rng phi 27 nn chn
ng nhnh cp 2 l ng phi 27 dn kh vo cc a.
Ti mi b SBR dc theo chiu di b tr 6 a, mi a cch nhau 1m v cch
thnh b 0,5m.
Khong cch gia 2 ng ng dn kh ph t gn nhau l 2m
Khong cch gia 2 ng ng ngoi cng n thnh b l 1m
4.2.4.6 Tnh ton ng ng, bm bn ra khi b SBR
+ ng ng dn nc ra khi b SBR:
Vn tc dng chy trong ng c p l v = 0,7 1,5 m/s. Chn v=1,0 m/s.
ng knh ng dn nc:
D =
60 60 24 0 , 1
205 4 4

=
x
x
xv
xQ
t t
=0,055 (m).
Theo kinh nghim thc t trnh trng hp b tt nghn v gim thi gian
thu nc ra khi b SBR ta chn ng thot nc ra khi b SBR l ng uPVC c|
114.
Thu nc ra khi b SBR bng phao ni, chn thit b Decanter ca nh cung
cp Cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh Mi Trng Thng Long. Thit b gm mt phao
ni lm bng vt liu si thy tinh, pha trn l h thng c in t t ng iu
khin vic ht nc, c bao quanh bi mt lp bo v, phn ny c ni vi
phn cha nc chm di nc, gia hai phn ny c bt kn hon ton bng
mt vng m nm di y ca phao ni. Cc h thng ny c ni vi ng
dn nc ra bng nha do c th un cong theo s ln xung ca thit b. Sau
cng, ng dn nha do ni vi ng dn nc ra c nh bng nha PVC C114mm.
+ Tnh ton bm bn ra khi b SBR v b nn bn.
- Lu lng bn cn thi b ti mt b SBR trong: Q
Vb
=0,648 m
3
/ngy. Lng
bn ny c chia iu cho bn chu k hot ng ca b SBR.
- Lng bn cn x b ti mt chu k:
Q
ck

4
648 , 0
= 0,162 m
3
/ngy = 1,875.10
-6
m
3
/s.
- Chiu cao ct p: H=10m.
- Cng sut ca bm:
N =
q


1000
h g Q
ck
=
8 , 0 1000
10 81 , 9 1080 10 875 , 1
6



= 2,48.10
-4
kW
Vi:
+ : khi lng ring ca bn thi ly bng khi lng ring ca bn,
=1080kg/m
3
.
+ q: hiu sut hu ch ca bm. Chn q=0,8.
Ngoi th trng khng c loi bm trn, chn loi bm nhng chm cnh h.
S lng bn ci, mi b SBR t hai ci c ct p H =10 m, cng sut bm 0,5Hp,
hng sn xut Tsurumi Nht.
+ ng ng dn kh vo b SBR:
- ng ng chnh:
ng knh ng dn kh chnh (cung cp cho 2 b SBR)

D
k
=
k
k
xv
xQ
t
4
=
t

9
0356 , 0 4
= 0,07 m.
Vi:
v
k
: Vn tc kh trong ng dn chnh
v
kh
=9m/s.
Chn ng dn kh chnh l ng inox SUS304| 75mm
Kim tra li vn tc kh trong ng:

2 2
) 075 , 0 (
0356 , 0 4 4

=
t t D
xQ
v
K
kh
=8,06m/s
- ng ng nhnh:
Lng kh qua mi ng nhnh:
q
k
=
6
k
Q
=
6
0356 , 0
= 0,0059 m
3
/s
ng knh ng nhnh dn kh:
d
k
=
v
q
k

t
4
=
9
0059 , 0 4

t
=28,89mm
Vi: v
n
: Vn tc kh trong ng nhnh
v
n
= 9m/s.
Chn ng nhnh dn kh l ng inox SUS304, ng knh | 34mm.
Kim tra li vn tc kh trong ng:

2 2
) 034 , 0 (
0059 , 0 4 4

=
t t D
q
v
K
kh
= 6,5 m/s.
4.2.4.7 Tnh ton my thi kh
+ p lc cn thit ca h thng phn phi kh:
H
k
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
= 0,4 + 0,4 + 0,5 + 4,7 = 6,0 m.
Vi:
h
d
: Tn tht p lc do ma st dc chiu di ng; h
d
s 0,4 m;
chn h
d
=0,4m
h
c
: Tn tht cc b; h
c
s 0,4 m, chn h
c
= 0,4 m
h
f
: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi kh; h
f
s 0,5 m, chn h
f
= 0,5 m
H: Chiu su hu ch ca b SBR, H = 4,7 m
+ Cng sut my thi kh:
P
k
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|



1
7 29
283 0
1
2 1
,
, P
P
e n
T R G
k

=
(
(

|
.
|

\
|



1
1
593 , 1
8 , 0 283 , 0 7 , 29
298 314 , 8 08372 , 0
283 , 0
= 4,345 kW.
Vi:
e : Hiu sut my thi kh; e = 0,7 - 0,8, chn e = 0,8
G
k
: Trng lng dng kh
G
k
= Q
k
x
k
= (0,0356 + 0,0288) x 1,3 = 0,08372 kg/s
R : Hng s kh; R = 8,314 KJ/Kmol
o
K (i vi khng kh)
T
1
: Nhit khng kh u vo T
1
= 25 + 273 = 298
o
K
P
1
: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u vo P
1
= 1 atm
P
2
: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u ra:
P
2
= 1 +
12 , 10
k
H
= 1 +
12 , 10
0 , 6
= 1,593 atm
n: h s n, n =
K
K 1
=
395 , 1
1 395 , 1
= 0,283 (K = 1,395)
+ in iu khin
iu khin cc pha hot ng ca hai b SBR bng cc van in t ng vi
s iu khin ca time thi gian. c thit k vi mc ch ti u ha cc qu trnh
vn hnh hot ng ca h thng SBR
+ Vt liu xy dng
Chn vt liu xy dng b SBR l BTCT M250, thnh dy 200mm, bn y
dy 300 mm, st Nht an thnh hai lp, @200 phi 14, chng thm sika bn trong 2
lp, bn ngoi qut bentum.
Bng 4.7 Thng s kch thc SBR
STT Thng s n v Gi tr
1
Lu lng thit k, Q
tb
ngay
m
3
/ngy 205
2 Thi gian lm y, t
F
= 3h. h 3
3 Thi gian phn ng, t
A
= 2h. h 2
4 Thi gian lng, t
S
= 0,5h. h 0,5
5 Thi gian rt nc, t
D
h 0,5
6 Thi gian ch, t
I
h 0
7 S n nguyn 2
8 S chu k /ngy.b 4
9 Chiu cao b m 4,6
10 Chiu cao bo v, h
bv
m 0,4
11 Chiu cao xy dng, H
xd
m 5
12 Chiu di b, L m 6
13 Chiu rng b, B m 3
14 Thi gian lu nc h 20
15 T s F/M ngy
1
0,147
16 Ti trng th tch kgBOD/ngy 0,52

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