VERSION 6.

ABAQUS/ Safe
V E R S I O N 6 . 2

ABAQUS

ABAQUS/Safe V E R S I O N 6 . 2

P R O D U C T

O V E R V I E W

Introduction
ABAQUS/Safe is the fatigue postprocessing module in ABAQUS. It has been developed by Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc., based on technology supplied by Safe Technology Ltd. ABAQUS/Safe interfaces to ABAQUS output database (.odb) files and uses state-of-the-art techniques to determine the fatigue life of a component.

ABAQUS/Safe takes stress or strain results for different loading conditions from ABAQUS analyses, combines them with the time variations of the loading, and uses cyclic material data to predict the life of the component. The resulting damage and life results can then be plotted using ABAQUS/CAE or ABAQUS/Viewer. The functionality of ABAQUS/Safe complements the fracture mechanics capabilities of ABAQUS/Standard, which can be used to investigate the behavior of a cracked component.

The ABAQUS/Safe user interface.

Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

F E A T U R E S

Fatigue Analysis
Uniaxial analysis using stress life curvesGoodman, Gerber, or no mean stress correction. Uniaxial analysis using strain life curvesMorrow, Smith-WatsonTopper, or no mean stress correction. Biaxial fatigue analysis using local stress-strain analysis. - Maximum shear strain. - Maximum direct strain. - Brown-Miller combined shear and - normal strain. Statistical analysis: statistical variability in loading and materials data can be combined to provide probability of survival analysis. A critical plane procedure is used to calculate the orientation of the most damaged plane at each node. Von Mises stress, Haigh diagrams, cycle and damage histograms, orientation of critical plane, biaxiality. Analysis of welded structures using stress-life data from BS7608. Modeling gray cast iron using an incremental damage procedure. A rainflow counting algorithm is used to extract fatigue cycles. This algorithm is integrated with a cyclic stress-strain conversion (a biaxial Neubers rule) to convert elastic stresses from ABAQUS to elastic-plastic stresses, using material memory. The stress history at each node is determined from the stresses stored in the ABAQUS output database and the loading sequence. A stress concentration factor and scale factor can be applied. Fatigue evaluation can be performed for the whole model or only for specified element sets.

Component Loading
Load histories The elastic stresses for unit load cases in each direction are calculated. These stresses are multiplied by the load history in each direction and then added to provide a stress history for the combined loading. Sequence of results For example, ABAQUS is used to analyze an engine through three rotations of the crankshaft, with data output for every five degrees of rotation of the crankshaft. ABAQUS/Safe analyzes this sequence of results to determine the fatigue life at each node. Additional scale factors and repeat counts can be applied. Block loading sequences Stresses from two sets of loads are calculated in two ABAQUS steps. A block loading sequence could then be defined as 1000 cycles of the stresses from Step 1 scaled by factors of 0.1 to 1.0, followed by 1000 cycles of the stresses from Step 2 scaled by factors of 1.0 to 2.0. Complex load spectrum The ability to define complex spectra and to mix spectra and data sequences with scale factors and repeat counts.

ABAQUS/Safe V E R S I O N 6 . 2

Material Data
A database of fatigue data for many common materials is provided with ABAQUS/Safe. The database can be extended and modified by the user to add customer-specific materials. Test reports and background data can be used to define materials in the database, and material data can be plotted.

Additional Factors
Initial residual stress can be included: this can be a single value or a data set of elastic FEA or elastic-plastic FEA stresses from a modeling process (e.g., press forming and springback). Temperature-dependent fatigue data can be used, in which case the nodal temperatures calculated by ABAQUS are used to determine the appropriate fatigue data. Effects of surface finish can be included for all or part of the component. The difference in fatigue life for machined and as-forged surfaces can, therefore, be evaluated. Notch sensitivity effects can be included. These effects are important for cast irons, some aluminum alloys, and lower strength steels. Different material data or surface finish corrections can be specified for each element set in the model (for example, to allow for machined and as-forged surfaces in the same model).

The ABAQUS/Safe materials database.

Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

Output
Once the fatigue analysis is complete, fatigue data are written either to the original output database or to a new output database. Fatigue life is provided at each node, expressed as the number of repeats of the defined loading. A design life can be specified. In this case ABAQUS/Safe predicts the factor that must be applied to the stresses at each node to achieve the specified design life.

You can display the results of the fatigue analysis using ABAQUS/Viewer or ABAQUS/CAE.

Contour of log of lives at nodes.

ABAQUS/Safe V E R S I O N 6 . 2

Hardware & Performance

Hardware Compatibility
ABAQUS/Safe Version 6.2 requires installation of ABAQUS/Standard Version 6.2 or later. ABAQUS/Safe is available on the following engineering workstations:
HP-UX 10.20, HP-UX 11.0 SGI IRIX 6.5 Sun Solaris 2.7 (7.0) Windows NT 4.0

Problem Size & Performance

ABAQUS/Safe has no built-in limits on problem size. Smaller problems run entirely in main memory. Buffering to secondary storage occurs automatically as the problem size increases.

Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

Documentation
The ABAQUS/Safe Users Manual is available in print and online. It explains in detail how to use ABAQUS/Safe. Theoretical background to fatigue analysis is contained in the Modern Metal Fatigue Analysis manual available from HKS. For installation information, see the ABAQUS Site Guide.

Training & Support

ABAQUS/Safe is supported by HKSs worldwide network of offices. The training courses for ABAQUS/Safe cover the fatigue analysis methods used by ABAQUS/Safe and provide handson training on program usage.

ABAQUS online documentation permits the user to electronically search through manuals for relevant topics.

Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

1080 Main Street Pawtucket, RI 02860-4847 USA phone 401 727 4200 fax 401 727 4208

e-mail info@abaqus.com support@abaqus.com www.abaqus.com

ARGENTINA

I TA LY

S PA I N

KB Engineering S.R.L. Florida 274 Piso 3, Oficina 37 1005 Buenos Aires phone (54) 11 4393 8444 fax (54) 11 4326 2424 e-mail sanchezsarmiento@arnet.com.ar
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JA PA N

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SWEDEN

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ABAQUS Benelux BV Huizermaatweg 576 1276 LN Huizen The Netherlands phone (31) 35 52 58 424 fax (31) 35 52 44 257 e-mail support@abaqus.nl
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M A L AY S I A

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U N I T E D S TAT E S

Advanced Finite Element Services Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, P. R. China phone (86) 10 62783986 fax (86) 10 62783986 e-mail zhuangz@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abaqus Europe Gaetano Martinolaan 95 PO Box 1637 6201 BP Maastricht The Netherlands phone (31) 43 356 6906 fax (31) 43 356 6908 e-mail info.europe@abaqus.com
FRANCE ABAQUS Software, s.a.r.l.

Matrix Applied Computing Ltd. Postal: PO Box 56-316 Auckland Courier: Unit 2-5, 72 Dominion Road Mt. Eden, Auckland phone (64) 9 623 1223 fax (64) 9 623 1134 e-mail hks-sales@matrix.co.nz
POLAND

7 rue Jean Mermoz 78000 Versailles phone (33) 1 39 24 15 40 fax (33) 1 39 24 15 45 e-mail support@abaqus.fr
GERMANY ABACOM Software GmbH

BudSoft Sp. z o.o. 61-807 Poznan Sw. Marcin 58/64 phone (48) 61 852 31 19 fax (48) 61 852 31 19 e-mail budsoft@budsoft.com.pl
SINGAPORE Worley Advanced Analysis 491B River Valley Road #09-01 Valley Point Singapore, 248373

Theaterstrae 3032 D-52062 Aachen phone (49) 241 474010 fax (49) 241 4090963 e-mail abacom@abacom.de
INDIA ABAQUS Engineering Analysis Solutions

phone (65) 735 8444 fax (65) 735 7444 e-mail abaqus@worleylimited.com.sg
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(Pvt.) Ltd. 3M, Prince Arcade 22-A, Cathedral Road Chennai, 600 086 phone (91) 44 8114624 fax (91) 44 8115087 e-mail abaqus@satyam.net.in

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Copyright 2001 Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.

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