Quan Ly Du An - HP 17 - P2

2 - 0
2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQL Qun l d n

C3 - T chc d n
Cu trc t chc bn trong v bn
ngoi d n
Cc cng c trong t chc d n
Qun l cc bn lin quan
Nh qun l d n
Xung t v giao tip trong d n
2 - 1
Cu trc t chc d n
Trong phm vi t chc m, mt d n c th c t chc theo
cc cu trc sau y:
T chc chc nng
D n nh l cc nhm ring bit
T chc ma trn
S khc nhau gia cc cu trc l
Quyn hn v trch nhim c giao cho nhm d n
Knh phi hp, thng tin v yu cu
Quan h gia nhm d n v cc n v chc nng trong t
chc m
2 - 2
T chc chc nng d n
Gim c
iu hnh
Nh qun l
chc nng
Nh qun l
chc nng
Nh qun l
chc nng
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
iu phi
D n
2 - 3
T chc chc nng d n
c im chnh:
Cc b phn khc nhau ca d n c phn chia v tng cc
n v chc nng
Knh qun l thng thng
u im:
Ti thiu s bin ng i vi t chc v nhn vin tham gia
d n
Chi ph thp, linh ng cao vi nhn vin
Chuyn su cc lnh vc c pht trin
Cc hn ch:
Thiu mc tiu v phi hp km
Phi hp km v ng c thp i vi d n
Chm tr
2 - 4
T chc theo d n
Gim c
iu hnh
Nh qun l
Dn
Nh qun l
Chc nng
Nh qun l
Chc nng
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
iu phi
D n
2 - 5
T chc theo d n
c im chnh:
To mt s phn bit v quan h c lp dnh cho d n
Bo co trc tip ln lnh o cp cao
u im:
Ti thiu s ngt qung trong cc hot ng chnh
Tp trung mnh, lin kt tt v ng c cao trong d n
Hon thnh nhanh chng
Phn chia ri ro t t chc m
Nhc im:
Chi ph cao
Gp kh khn s pht trin chuyn mn su chc nng
Chia r nhn vin
Tnh trng Projectitis
2 - 6
T chc ma trn
Gim c
iu hnh
Nh qun l
Chc nng
Nh qun l
Chc nng
Nh qun l
Chc nng
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
iu phi
d n
2 - 7
T chc ma trn
c im:
Hai knh yu cu: theo dng chc nng v theo dng d
n
Nh qun l d n c trch nhim phi hp v hon thnh
d n, trong khi nh qun l chc nng chu trch nhim
h tr chc nng cho d n
u im:
C th phi hp v thc hin tt nht vic pht trin cc
u im cua hai cu trc trn
Nhc im:
Xung t v cng thng gia nh qun l d n v qun l
chc nng
Vi phm nguyn tc yu cu duy nht
2 - 8
Tnh lin tc trong cu trc d n
Thnh vin
Part-time
Thnh vin
Full-time
Chc nng Ma trn D n
iu phi qun l gim c
2 - 9
La chn t chc cho d n
Mi cu trc t chc d n u c cc u v nhc im. Cc
iu tra nghin cu c khuynh hng ng h cho cu trc d
n v ma trn
S la chn tt nht phi cn bng c li ch gia d n v
t chc m, v la chn theo cc yu t:
Li ch ca chin lc qun l cp cao trong d n
Cc c im ca d n: quy m, yu cu k thut, ngun
lc, p lc v thi gian v chi ph, s khc bit...
Ri ro ca d n v kh nng nh hng
Yu cu bn ngoi
Tn ti vn ha t chc
2 - 18
Cc k thut ca t chc d n
Phn tch cng vic: m t cng vic, kt qu mong
i, k nng v ngun lc yu cu
Biu trch nhim:
S t chc
S dng thng tin
Hp d n:
Ti liu
2 - 19
4. Qun l xung t v gii quyt cc
vn trong qun l d n
Xung t v Qun l xung t
trong d n
K nng giao tip qun l
2 - 20
Qun l xung t
Xung t: L hnh vi ca mt c nhn,
mt nhm, hay mt t chc nhm
ngn cn hoc hn ch (t nht l tm
thi) mt c nhn hoc t chc khc
t - c mc ch mong mun.
2 - 21
Cc kiu xung t
C nhn: gia ng- i ny vi ng- i khc
Nhm: gia hai hoc nhiu phng ban/ t
chc
Ni b: Xung t gia cc c nhn v hoc
nhm trong cng mt t chc
Bn ngoi: Xung t gia mt ng- i (hoc
mt nhm, hoc nhiu ng- i) vi mt ng- i
(hoc mt nhm hoc nhiu ng- i) khc t
bn ngoi d n
2 - 22
Cc quan nim v xung t (1)
Xung t l kt qu ca nhng sai lm trong
qun l.
Xung t lun lun gy ra nhng kt qu tai
hi, chng hn nh- :
Lm gim nng sut v hiu qu.
To ra t- t- ng b phi trong n v.
To ra lo lng v lm gim lng nhit tnh.
Xung t c th trnh - c v loi b tt c
cc xung t l nhim v ca qun l.
2 - 23
Cc quan nim v xung t (2)
Xung t l khng th trnh - c trong qu trnh pht
trin v - c to nn bi nhiu yu t
xung t c th l tch cc hoc tiu cc cc mc
khc nhau. nh h- ng tch cc ca xung t c th l:
Kch thch t- ng, sng to v mi quan tm.
Gii quyt nhng vn tim n.
Buc mi ng- i phi by t quan im ca mnh v tm
ra nhng phng thc mi.
To c hi cho mi ng- i th thch kh nng ca
mnh
V vy, xung t cn - c kim sot v qun l
2 - 24
Xung t trong cc d n:
Chia x kinh nghim
Hy k mt cu chuyn v xung t
trong d n ca bn. Theo bn, xung
t pht trin nh- th no? Nguyn
nhn ca xung t?
2 - 25
Cc nguyn nhn xung t
Giao tip/hiu bit
Mc tiu
Quy tc/ chun mc
Trnh t
Gi tr
C nhn
Ngh nghip
a phng/ Dn tc/
Tn gio
Quyn li
Cc t- ng v nim tin
khc nhau
Mi quan tm n kt
qu
Con ng- i
Tnh cch
Tnh cm
Nhng vn /xung t
ch- a - c gii quyt
trong qu kh
2 - 26
Cc cch gii quyt xung t
RUT LUI Rut lui khoi bt ng ang co
hoc sp xay ra
Chung ta co th nhng b va qun no i c khng?
Ti khng co thi gian ngh v no.
Tt hn la khng nn ma o him lam cho ng s hoc sp ni gin
LAM DU Lam giam hoc tranh tp trung
vao cac im khac bit, va nhn
manh ti nhng im tng ng
Ti ngh rng o ch la mt s hiu lm.
Chung ta khng cn thit phai lam to chuyn, chu ng ta co nhiu
mi quan tm chung
EP BUC Ap t quan im cua mt ngi
cho ngi khac
Hoc la chp nhn quan im cua ti, hoc la ti se chon mt cng
s khac.
Nao chung ta hay bo phiu.
Hay m sach ra va xem nhng nguyn tc trong o nh th nao.
Hay i ho i va lam theo y kin ngi th ba.

THOA HIP
hoc IU
NH
Tm nhng giai phap mang lai s
hai long nht nh cho cac bn
tham gia tranh cai, c trng hoa
bi quan im cho va nhn.
Nu ti chp nhn im nay, anh co th chp nh n im kia cua ti
ch?

I MT i mt trc tip vi xung t vi
phng thc giai quyt vn , t
o lam cho cac bn lin quan vt
qua c nhng bt ng cua
mnh
Nao hay ngi lai va xem vn cu a chung ta la g, va nguyn nhn
cua vn la ch nao?
Nhng phng an khac nhau nao co th giai quyt vn nay?
Chung ta anh gia chung nh th nao?
Chung ta co th nht tr v mt giai phap c khng?

2 - 27
Tm tt cc gii pht gii quyt xung t
% cc Gim c d n t
chi s dng gii php ny
gii quyt xung t
% cc Gim c d n thch
dng gii php ny gii quyt
xung t
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
I MT
THO HIP
LAM D|U
P BUC
RT LUI
2 - 28
C4: Lp k hoch v iu phi d n
1. Tng quan v lp k hoch d n
2. Cc cng c c bn trong vic lp k hoch cho d
n
3. Biu Gantt
4. Phng php CPM v PERT
5. Lp k hoch, iu phi d n vi chi ph v ngun
lc hn ch
2 - 29
Chng 4:
Lp k hoch d n
Tng quan lp KH d n
Cc cng c lp KH d n
Quan h gia thi gian v chi
ph khi lp KH d n
Lp lch trnh d n trong gii
hn ngun lc
2 - 30
Tng quan v lp k hoch d n
Lp k hoch: l qu trnh d kin trc cc vn
, phn tch chng, c lng cc tc ng c
th xy ra ca chng, v xc nh cc hnh ng
hng dn chng t nhng kt qu, mc tiu v
mc ch mong mun.
Lp k hoch d n: L qu trnh xc nh trc
cc hot ng trong mi trng d bo trc
hon thnh theo ng trt t cc mc tiu ca d
n.
Chc nng quan trng nht ca qun l d n
2 - 31
Ti sao phi lp k hoch d n
m bo t c mc tiu
m bo trnh t cng vic
Nng cao kh nng s dng hiu qu cc ngun lc
Xc nh thi gian, chi ph, yu cu cht lng
Gip vic kim tra v theo di
truyn thng tin, giao tip v phi hp tt hn
Khuyn khch ng vin
Huy ng vn, tm ngun ti chnh cho d n
Cung cp d liu
2 - 32
Cc bc lp k hoch d n
Xc nh
Mc tiu
Xc nh
Cng vic
T chc
Lp KH
Ngun lc
Lch trnh, tin
K hoch
Kim sot
M t chi tit
thit k d n
2 - 33
Cc bc lp k hoch d n
Xc nh mc tiu (SMART: C th, o c, phn cng c, thc
t, v c gii hn thi gian)
Xc nh cc hot ng ca d n (Phm vi cng vic, cc tiu
chun v kt qu mong i, cc ngun lc mong i v thi gian
yu cu)
B nhim nhn s chnh (La chn, trch nhim v quyn hn c
giao, tm tt d n)
Lp k hoch v phn b ngun lc (Lp k hoch ti chnh, cng
ngh, thit b)
Lp thi gian biu cho cc hot ng (Biu Gantt, biu cc
cng vic chnh, biu CPM/PERT)
Lp k hoch kim sot (C cu gim st, cc mc tiu ngn hn v
cc ch s, h thng thng tin)
Phn tch ri ro v ln k hoch d phng s c
2 - 34
SPECIFIC
MEASURABLE
ASSIGNABLE
REALISTIC
TIME-BOUND
i khi l:
Achievable
hoc
Attainable
i khi l:
Relevant
i khi l:
Timely
Cc mc tiu ca d n cn
S.M.A.R.T
2 - 35
T chc
Xc nh nhn s cn thit
Tuyn dng nh qun l d n v nhm d
n
T chc nhm d n
Thit lp cng vic/trch nhim/quyn hn
cho cc thnh vin trong nhm d n
Lp k hoch phi hp hot ng v thng
tin vi cc bn lin quan n d n
Cng c: biu trch nhim, s c cu
t chc, s dng thng tin (bo co)
2 - 36
Lp k hoch ti chnh v ngun lc
c tnh ngun lc cn thit cho mi hot
ng v xy dng ngn sch d n
Thit lp h thng kim sot ti chnh (thc
o, trch nhim,)
Lp k hoch ti tr (khi no, u, bao
nhiu v v ci g)
Xy dng dng tin d n
Cng c: phn tch dng tin, phn tch ri
ro
2 - 37
Lp lch trnh, tin
Xc nh thi gian cn thit hon thnh mi hot
ng
Xc nh mi quan h trnh t gia cc hot ng
Xc nh thi im bt u v kt thc ca mi hot
ng. Kim tra cc ngun lc khc cn thit hon
thnh mi cng vic theo lch trnh. Xc nh biu
l trnh cho d n.
Nhn dng cc hot ng ti hn v ri ro tin
Xc nh mi quan h qua li gia thi gian v chi ph
Cc cng c: biu Gantt, CPM, PERT
2 - 38
C s lp lch trnh d n
Mc ch: a cc hot ng ca d n vo mt khung thi
gian:
m bo c thc hin c
m bo hon thnh nhanh nht c th
Gip theo di v kim sot vic thc hin
u vo:
Danh sch cc hot ng (hay WBS)
Thi gian hon thnh hot ng c tnh
Quan h trc ca cng vic: c lp hay trc sau
Cc gi thit: u vo bit v xc nh, ngun lc l sn
sng khng gii hn
2 - 39
Kt qu ca lch trnh
Kt qu chnh ca lch trnh CPM
Biu Gantt cc hot ng vi lch trnh thi gian
hon thnh d n nhanh nht c th
Thi gian d tr cho mi cng vic
Danh sch cc cng vic ti hn
Cc kt qu khc:
Lch trnh ngun lc s dng (hoc biu ngun
lc)
Lch trnh chi ph
Cc k hoch lch trnh khc (lch trnh kim sot,
phn cng nhn s, biu vt qu ngun lc...)
2 - 40
Lp k hoch kim sot d n
Xc nh lch trnh v o lng s tin trin cc giai
on
Xc nh c ch gim st, theo di:
Ai, khi no v lm nh th no theo di s tin
trin v hon thnh d n
Cc tiu chun o lng s tin trin, cht lng v
thnh qu
Cch thu thp d liu o lng v nh gi
Bo co kt qu theo di v c ch hnh ng iu
chnh
K hoch cc ngun lc kim sot cc hot ng
Hot ng qun l ri ro: nhn dng v phn tch ri ro
gp phi, xut phng n phn ng vi ri ro
2 - 41
Yu cu ca k hoch tt
Ni dung: K hoch phi r rng, khng m
h
Co th hiu c: mi ngi c th d dng
hiu c mc tiu ca mi cng vic v thc
hin n nh th no.
Co th thay i c: KH d n hiu qu l n
d dng thay i, cp nht v sa i.
Co th s dung c: KH phi to iu kin
d dng cho vic kim sot tin trnh thc
hin d n v truyn t thng tin.
2 - 42
Ti sao k hoch tht bi
K hoch c xy dng da trn cc s liu khng y
hoc thiu chnh xc
Mc ch d n khng c hiu thu o tt c cc
cp.
K hoch khng hiu nhng ngi thc hin d n.
K hoch do mt ngi lm cn vic thc hin th bi
ngi khc
K hoch khng c phn theo di, kim sot v iu
chnh.
K hoch thiu nhng ch s tin c th, hoc c
nhng sai lch
2 - 43
Cc cng c lp k hoch d n
1. Cu trc phn tch cng vic WBS
2. Ma trn trch nhim trc tuyn LRC
3. Biu Gantt
Cc phng php s mng
4. Phng php ng ti hn CPM
5. K thut xem xt v nh gi d n
PERT
2 - 44
1. Cu trc phn tch cng vic
(Work breakdown Structure
WBS)
2 - 45
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
WBS l cng c quan trng nht trong qun l d n, n a ra
mt danh sch cc hot ng ca d n trn c s u vo:
Xc nh phm vi v qun l
Lch trnh hot ng
Trch nhim quy nh
Ngun lc v ngn sch d kin
Theo di thc hin d n
WBS l s phn tch mt cch ln lt d n thnh cc b phn
(gi cng vic) thnh phn. Mc tiu l:
Chia d n thnh cc mc chi tit ph hp
Nhn dng tt c cc nhim v vi vic miu t chi tit cng
vic v cc c im im u ra
Cung cp cu trc c lng cc ngun lc v k nng cn
thit.
Phn cng trch nhim thc hin
2 - 46
Cu trc phn tch cng vic (WBS)
WBS l cng c qun l d n quan trng nht, cung cp mt
danh sch cc hot ng ca d n, lm c s :
Xc nh v qun l phm vi d n
Lp thi biu cc hot ng
Phn cng trch nhim
Tnh ton ngun lc v ngn sch
Gim st vic thc hin d n
WBS l cch phn tch lin tc mt d n thnh cc hp phn
khc nhau. Mc ch ca vic ny l
a d n xung mc chi tit ph hp
Xc nh tt c cc nhim v c th m t cng vic v cc
c im k thut ca sn phm u ra
Cung cp mt phng thc tnh ton cc ngun lc v k
nng cn thit
Phn b trch nhim thc hin d n
2 - 47
Xy dng cu trc phn tch cng vic
Mt d n v cc hot ng ca d n c th phn tch theo sn
phm hoc theo chc nng yu cu
tt c cc bc, c gng phn tch thnh cc thnh t nhng
khng qu nhiu (3-5) c th xc nh c tt c cc thnh t
v trnh chng cho
C th dng qu trnh phn tch khi t n mc chi tit cn
thit (ty vo mc ch ca vic phn tch cng vic v giai on
d n). Yu cu cp cui ca cu trc phn tch cng vic:
M t chnh xc cng vic, kt qu/sn phm v s hon thnh
mi gi cng vic
Xc nh ngi hay n v chu trch nhim v gi cng vic
D ton thi gian v ngun lc cn thit hon thnh gi
cng vic
Kim sot c vic thc hin gi cng vic
2 - 48
WBS thnh cng
Gi cng vic l mc thp nht ca WBS.
Gi cng vic xc nh tt nu nh tha mn cc c im sau:
Tnh trng hin thi v hon thnh ca n c th o lng
n gin
Xc nh c thi im bt u v kt thc
Nhm d n, thi gian, chi ph v cc ngun lc khc l
quen thuc, d c tnh
Nhim v cng vic c th d qun l, o lng v c lp
vi nhim v cng vic hay hot ng
Thng cu thnh nn dng lin tc t khi bt u n khi
kt thc
2 - 49
V d v WBS
D n XYZ 1.0
Thit k
1.1
To nh 1
1.1.1
Cung ng
1.2
Xy dng
1.3
Kim tra
1.4
Qun l
1.5
To nh 2
1.1.2
To nh 1
1.2.1
To nh 2
1.2.2
To nh 1
1.3.1
To nh 2
1.3.2
Kho vt
t
1.3.3
Cc tin ch
chung
1.3.4
H thng in
khn cp
1.2.2.1
H thng
kim sot
1.2.2.2
Hng mc 3
1.1.2.3
Hng mc 2
1.1.2.2
Hng mc 1
1.1.2.1
Mt bng
1.3.1.1
Cu trc
1.3.1.2
H thng
an ton
1.3.1.3
Cc tin ch
1.3.1.4
Ni tht
1.3.1.5
H thng
an ninh
1.3.4.1
Trm in
ph
1.3.4.2
Nc
1.3.4.3
H thng
v sinh
1.3.4.4
Khng kh
1.3.4.5
PSWBS
CWBS
WBS lun phn nh cch lp k
hoch mt d n, c tnh chi ph v
qun l d n nh th no
Cp 1
Cp 2
Cp 3
Cp 4
2 - 50
Mu WBS ghi theo dng danh sch
1. Nh my nc thi
1.1 Thit k:
1.1.1 V xy dng
1.1.2 V thit k
1.1.3 V cu trc
1.1.4 V c kh, v.v.
1.1.4.1 Mc 1
1.1.4.2 Mc 2
1.1.4.3 Mc 3
1.2 Cung ng
.
1.3 Ti nh c
.
1.4 Xy dng
.
2 - 51
VD gii thiu sn phm mi vo th trng
Sau khi nghin cu pht trin, mt cng ty bnh ko
bt u sn xut mt dng sn phm mi. Cc cp lnh
o xem xt vic gii thiu sn phm mi vo th
trng nh mt d n c lp lm ni bt s ra i .
Phm vi d n bao gm vic thit lp cc n lc bn
hng, mng li phn phi v qung co. Qu trnh sn
xut khng l mt phn trong phm vi d n nhng
vic ng gi sn phm bao gm c thit k bao b v
thit lp phng tin ng gi li thuc phm vi d n.
Thit lp WBS cho d n gii thiu sn phm ni trn.
2 - 52
V d v WBS:
Gii thiu sn phm mi
1. Bao b
2. Lc l- ng bn hng
3. Phn phi
4. Qung co
2 - 53
V d v WBS:
gii thiu sn phm mi
1. Bao b ng gi:
Thit k
Trang thit b bao gi
Hng vo kho
ng gi
2. Lc l- ng bn hng:
Ch nh gim c bn
hng
Thu nhn vin bn
hng
o to nhn vin bn
hng
3. Phn phi
Chn nh phn phi
Th- ng l- ng v k hp
ng vi nh phn phi
Ch hng ng gi n
cho nh phn phi
4. Qung co
Chn hng qung co
Lp k hoch chin dch
qung co
Hng qung co tin hnh
chin dch qung co
2 - 54
2. Biu trch nhim trc
tuyn (Linear
Responsibility Charts)
2 - 55
Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC)
LRC l cng c qun l v lp k hoch. N phn cng
trch nhim v cc hot ng ca d n cho cc thnh
vin d n
Cu trc thng dng ca LRC l mt ma trn trong ct
dc ghi cc thnh vin d n v hng ngang ghi cc gi
cng vic ly ra t WBS
Cc loi quy -c trch nhim hay s dng: chnh, h tr,
ph duyt, thng bo, gim st, ...
2 - 56
Chu trch nhim : Responsible ( R )
H tr cn thit : Support required (S)
Phi c t vn : Must be Consulted (C)
Phi c thng bo : Must be Notified (N)
Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC)
2 - 57
S dng cc m s dng 1,2,3,4,5
Biu trch nhim trc tuyn
(LRC)
2 - 58
VD Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC)
2 - 59
3. Biu Gantt (Gantt
Chart)
2 - 60
3. Biu Gantt
- L mt k thut trc quan lp k hoch d n, theo
di qu trnh s dng cc ngun lc, tin thc hin
cc cng vic ca d n.
- Ra i vo nm 1918 bi HENRRY GANTT.
- Ni dung ca phng php l vic xc nh mt cch
tt nht th t thc hin cc cng vic khc nhau ca
mt d n trong mt thi k xc nh.
- y l cng c thng dng nht trong lp k hoch,
qun l thi gian hot ng v kim sot d n
2 - 61
Cng c lp k hoch
Biu Gantt
+ n gin
+ Cc d n t cng vic
ng dng
Cho bit th t, di, thi im
bt u v kt thc tng hot
ng
Tng thi gian cn thit thc
hin d n
Cc hot ng c biu din trn
trc tung, thi gian thc hin cc
cng vic thc hin trn trc honh
2 - 62
3. Biu Gantt
Phng php xy dng:
Mi ct biu din cc n v thi gian
Cc dng tng ng vi cc cng vic cn thc
hin.
Trn bng mi vch ngang biu din mt cng
vic, di ca vch ngang t l vi di ca
cng vic, v tr ca vch ngang trn biu ph
thuc vo mi lin h gia cc cng vic.
2 - 63
3. Biu Gantt: Cn c
Thi gian thc hin mi cng vic
Cc iu kin trc ca cc cng vic
Cc thi hn hon thnh ca d n v ca
cc cng vic
Kh nng sn xut v kh nng x l cc kh
khn trong gii hn v s vn u t thc
hin, s gi lm thm
2 - 64
3. Biu Gantt
Da trn biu , ta c th sp xp cc hot ng theo
phng thc trin khai chm hoc trin khai sm.
Trin khai sm cho php cc hot ng c th bt u
cng sm cng tt min l khng nh hng n cc hot
trc chng. Ta s c c thi hn sm nht c th
hon thnh d n. Mc thi gian ny c s dng nh
yu cu v thi hn hon thnh cho trng hp trin
khai mun.
Trong cch trin khai chm, cc hot ng c th y
li li ty sao cho thi hn sm nht c th hon thnh
d n khng b nh hng.
2 - 65
BIU GANTT
Hot
ng
C V ng
trc
Thi
gian
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
A - 5
B - 3
C A 8
D A,B 7
E - 7
F C,D,E 4
G F 5
Thi gian hon thnh d n
nhanh nht l 22tun
V D
2 - 66
3. Biu Gantt
u im:
Cng c trc quan, d thc hin
Theo di trng thi thc hin cc cng vic
Lp k hoch ngun lc, tnh hnh s dng ngun lc
Xc nh c thi gian thc hin d n nhanh nht,
v khong thi gian d tr ca tng cng vic.
Nhc im:
Khng ch ra d s tng tc v mi quan h qua li
gia cc loi cng vic.
Kh khn khi iu chnh biu .
Khng ch ra c s khc bit v ngha cc loi thi
gian d tr
2 - 67
Gii thiu sn phm mi WBS vi quan h trc sau
ng gi
A. Thit k h thng ng gi 2tun ---
B. Lp t h thng ng gi 10 A
C. ng gi sn phm 6 B, D
D. Yu cu v nhp sn phm t ni sn xut ng
gi
13 ---
T chc lc
lng bn
hng
E. Tuyn dng gim c bn hng 6 ---
F. Tuyn dng nhn vin bn hng 6 E
G. o to nhn vin bn hng 4 F
Thit lp
mng li
phn phi
H. La chn nh phn phi cho dng sn phm mi 7 E
I. m phn v k hp ng vi nh phn phi
c la chn
9 G, H
J. Giao hng ng gi cho nh phn phi 6 C, I
Qung co
K. La chn hng qung co 2 E
L. Lp k hoch qung co vi hng c la chn 4 K
M. Hng qung co tin hnh chin dch qung co 10 L
2 - 69
V d biu Gantt
Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 100%
1 90%
2 80%
3
4 70%
5
60%
6
7 50%
8
9 40%
10
11 30%
12
13 20%
14
15 10%
16
0%
Hng thng 0 4.93 4.59 4.32 7.48 10.21 9.98 13.37 17.74 16.32 10.2 0.86
Tch lu 0 4.93 9.52 13.84 21.32 31.53 41.51 54.88 72.62 88.94 99.14 100
PLANNED PROGRESS
1997
TT Ni dung cng vic
k hoch thc hin d n QC-1 ZONE ti ITALIAN-THAI
1996
k hoch xy dng 100 cn h nhn vin
Cng tc chun b
Phn xy dng
Cng tc ng cc
Xy th tng 3,4 v mi
13-Mar-96
Cng tc mng
Xy th tng 1,2
14-Feb-97
Cng tc sn
H thng thot n- c
Phn hon thin
Lt nn
Trt t- ng
Dn mi
Trt trn
D kin cng vic(%)
Lp t ca i v ca s
Lap t khu v sinh
Kt thc cng vic
Lp h thng in
Lm v- n, trng cy, c
2 - 70
4. Phng php CPM v PERT
Critical Path Method (CPM): ng ti hn
1957
Cc d n bo tr nh my cho cng ty DuPont
Tp trung vo mi quan h gia chi ph v thi
gian
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT):
K thut nh gi v xem xt li d n
1958
US Navys Polaris Missile System Program
Tp trung vo d on thi gian khng chc chn
ng dng s mng
2 - 71
S mng cho CPM v PERT
Cn c vo bng lit k cc iu kin trc, sau ca
mi cng vic
S mng hot ng trn nt AON (Activity-on-
node): l mt s mng m
Cc nt l cc cng vic
Cc dy cung ni gia cc nt th hin mi quan h
trc sau ca cc cng vic
S mng cng vic trn dy cung AOA (Activity-
on-arc): l s mng m
Cc dy cung biu din cc cng vic
Cc ht (u v cui cc dy cung) biu din cc s
kin quan h trc sau (bt u hay kt thc cc
cng vic)
2 - 72
Cng c lp k hoch
S mng - AOA
Cng c m t mi quan h v th t gia cc hot ng/cng
vic v thi gian
Khi nim
+Mi hot ng c biu din bng 1 v ch 1 mi tn
+Hai hot ng khng th trng s kin u v s kin cui
+ m bo logic ca s , mi hot ng a vo mng phi
xc nh c:
Cc hot ng hon thnh trc n
Cc hot ng tin hnh sau n
Cc hot ng xut hin ng thi vi n
Cng vic thc/ Cng vic o/ Cng vic ch i
Nguyn tc xy dng
2 - 73
Cng c lp k hoch
S mng - AOA
+Mi nt biu din thi im kt thc mt s cng vic v
/hoc thi im bt u ca mt s cng vic khc
+Nu mt cng vic c hai cng vic trc trc tip cng
nc th phi ni hai cng vic bng mt cng vic o,
c thi gian thc hin bng 0.
+S mng ch c mt im u v mt im kt thc
+c nh s theo chiu t tri qua phi, t trn xuongs
di
+Mi tn theo chiu t tri qua phi, khng to thnh vng
trn.
Nguyn tc xy dng
2 - 74
Cng c lp k hoch
S mng-AOA
Thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht
L khong thi
gian ngn nht t
s kin bt u
n s kin j
L khong thi gian
di nht t s kin
bt u n s kin j
Thi gian sm nht
ca s kin j (T
j
s
)
Thi gian mun nht ca s
kin j (T
j
m
)
P i
T
j
s
= max (T
i
s
+ T
ij
)
T
j
m
= min (T
i
m
T
ij
)
Q i
T
s
bt u = 0
T
s
kt thc = T
m
kt thc =
TG hon thnh d n
nhanh nht
T
ij
: thi gian thc hin cng vic ij
2 - 75
Thi gian bt u sm
cng vic ij
Early Start
ES
ij
= T
i
s
Thi gian kt thc
sm cng vic ij
Early Finish
EF
ij
= ES
ij
+ T
ij
=
T
i
s
+ T
ij
Thi gian kt thc mun
ca cng vic ij
Late Finish
LF
ij
= T
j
m
S mng-AOA
Cng c lp k
hoch
Thi gian bt u
mun cng vic ij
Late Start
LS
ij
= LF
ij
T
ij
=
T
j
m
T
ij
Thi im bt u v kt thc cng vic
2 - 76
Thi gian d tr
t do ca cng
vic ij
Free Slack
Khong thi gian c
th tr hon thc
hin ij m khng nh
hng n s kin j
FS
ij
=T
j
s
- T
i
s
T
ij
Thi gian d tr
ton phn ca
cng vic ij
Total Slack
Khong thi gian c th
tr hon ti a ca cng
vic ij
TS
ij
= LS
ij
Es
ij
= LF
ij
- E
ij
S mng
Cng c lp k hoch
Thi gian d tr ca cng vic
2 - 77
1. Thi gian d tr t do: L khong thi gian mt cng vic
c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin m khng lm nh
hng n cc cng vic pha sau n
Tsj Tsi Tij
2.Thi gian d tr ton phn: L khong thi gian m mt
cng vic c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin m
khng lm thay i thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht c
th
Tmj Tsi Tij
3. Thi gian d tr chc chn: L khong thi gian mt cng
vic chc chn c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin n
m khng lm thay i thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh
nht c th ngay c khi cc cng vic pha trc n dng
ht thi gian d tr
Tmj Tmi Tij
Thi gian d tr
2 - 78
1
0 0
2
5 5
3
5 6
4
1
3
1
3
5
1
7
1
7
6
2
2
2
2
F=
4
G=
5
E=
7
S mng
2 - 79
S mng
V D
Thi gian d tr ca cng vic
6 6
1,4
E
1 1 3,4 D
3 2 1,3 B
TS FS K hiu Cng vic
2 - 80
Phn tch s mng
Thi gian hon thnh = Max{EF Ca tt c cc
cng vic}
Cng vic ti hn l cng vic c thi gian d tr
bng 0. Cng vic khng cho php tr v tr s nh
hng ti tin ca ton b cng trnh
ng ti hn (CP: Critical Path). C LS ES = 0.
ng ti hn l ng ni cc cng vic ti hn
t khi s kin bt u n s kin kt thc d n
Tng chi ph bng tng chi ph ca tt c cc cng
vic
2 - 81
V d: s mng - AON
A
2
C
6
B
10
J
6
D
13
H
9
I
6
F
4
G
7
E
6
L
4
K
2
M
10
Bt u Kt thc
2 - 82
Phng php CPM
2 - 83
Quan h chi ph v thi gian
hay rt ngn lch trnh
i vi mt s hot ng ca d n, chng ta c th bit:
c lng thi gian v chi ph hon thnh trong iu kin
lm vic bnh thng
Kh nng rt ngn hay y nhanh hot ng v chi ph pht
sinh (lm thm gi, thm my mc thit b, thi gian
overtime, nhn cng tr hon)
Yu cu rt ngn thi gian hon thnh d n vi chi ph tng
thm l nh nht.
Cng c ra quyt nh ch yu l biu quan h chi ph thi
gian.
D liu u vo:
Biu / bng m t quan h trc sau ca d n
Chi ph v thi gian hon thnh cc hot ng trong iu
kin bnh thng
Thi gian v chi ph c tnh y nhanh (rt ngn)
(thng tnh cho vic rt ngn mt n v thi gian)
2 - 84
CPM
Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph
trong qun l d n
Phng php gim tng chi ph ca
chng trnh y nhanh
Cc bc thc hin
V s mng v xc nh ng ti hn/gng trong
chng trnh y nhanh
Xc nh thi gian d tr cho cc cng vic khng ti
hn/gng
Xc nh thi gian c th ko di cc cng vic khng ti
hn/gng
Xc nh tng chi ph c th gim c
2 - 85
CPM
trong qun l d n
Phng php rt ngn thi hn hon
thnh d n vi chi ph tng ti thiu
Cc bc thc hin
V S mng v xc nh ng ti hn/gng trong chng
trnh bnh thng
Chn trn ng ti hn/gng cng vic m chi ph y nhanh
mt n v thi gian tng ln t nht rt ngn thi gian
Xem c thay i ng ti hn/gng khng, nu c phi xc nh
ng ti hn/gng mi
Lp li bc 3,4 cho n khi thc hin c mc tiu ca d n
2 - 86
V d
Quan h gia thi gian v
chi ph trong qun l d n
Hot
ng
CV
trc
Lng
lao
ng
KHBT N ln 1 N ln 2 KHN
Chi ph
($)
T Chi ph
($)
T Chi ph
($)
T Chi ph
($)
T
A - 40 1.500 5 2.000 4 1.000 3 4.500 3
B - 12 3.000 3 2.000 2 - - 5.000 2
C A 24 3.300 8 2.000 7 1.000 6 6.300 6
D A,B 14 4.200 7 2.000 6 2.000 5 8.200 5
E - 35 5.700 7 1.000 6 - - 6.700 6
F C,D,E 36 6.100 4 1.000 3 2.000 2 9.100 2
G F 35 7.200 5 1.000 4 1.000 3 9.200 3
31.000 49.000
2 - 87
1
0 0
2
5 5
3
5 6
4
13 13
51
17 17
6
22 22
F=4
G=5
E=7
trong qun l d n
V D
C,D
44.000
F
41.000
C
39.000
A
37.000
A
36.000
F
34.000
G
33.000
G
32.000
31.000
Rt ngn
cng vic
Tng chi ph
min
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Thi gian
hoan thnh
Phng php rt ngn thi hn hon
thnh d n vi chi ph tng ti thiu
2 - 88
1
0 0
2
3 3
3
3 4
4
9 9
51
11 11
6
14 14
F=2
G=3
E=6
trong qun l d n
V D Phng php rt ngn thi
hn hon thnh d n vi chi
ph tng ti thiu
5000
1000
2000
2000
1
1
1
7
7
3
3
1
2
3
1
1
E
D
B
Chi ph c th
gim
Thi gian c th
ko di
Thi gian di nht TS FS Cng vic
Tng chi ph thc hin l
= 49.000 - 5.000 =44.000$
2 - 89
V d v rt ngn k hoch
Cng
vic
Cng vic
trc
Tg thc
hin
(tun)
Tng
chi
ph
($00
0)
Thi gian
thc hin
ngn nht
(tun)
Chi ph ph
tri do rt
ngn thi gian
($000/tuan)
A
B
C
D
E
-
A
-
C
B,D
7
3
6
3
2
500
200
500
200
300
4
2
4
1
1
100
150
200
150
250

Tm lch trnh bnh thng, chi ph v thi gian hon thnh.
Xc nh li lch trnh cc hot ng nu thi gian hon thnh
d n gim i 1 tun, gim i 2 tun.
Thit lp biu quan h chi ph thi gian
2 - 90
Bi tp p dng CPM
Chi ph
Cng C.vic KHBT KHKT
rt ngn
vic Trc
T.gian Chi ph T.gian Chi ph
1 tr/t A - 5 4 3 6
0,5 B - 5 3 1 5
0,6 C A 10 4 5 7
0,4 D B 7 4 2 6
0,5 E A 6 3 2 5
0,5 F C,D 11 6 5 9
1,5 G C,D 6 3 4 6
0,5 H E,F 5 2 1 4
1 I G 4 2 1 5
2 - 91
Yu cu:
- V s mng?
- Hy xc nh thi gian thc hin d n nhanh
nht, tng chi ph k hoch bnh thng v
khn trng, thi gian d tr ca cc cng vic?
- V biu quan h gia thi gian v chi ph
hon thnh d n?
Bi tp p dng
2 - 92
Phng php PERT
2 - 93
PERT
Nhn dng cc hot ng v quan h trc sau
Vi mi hot ng a ra ba thi gian d kin: thi gian
thng gp nht, tt nht v xu nht. Thi gian k vng
s l trung bnh trng s ca ba thi gian trn (vi trng
s 4, 1, 1, theo quy lut phn phi xc sut beta)
p dng qu trnh lp lch trnh vi thi gian trung bnh
tnh ton c k vng thi gian hon thnh ca d n.
Tng cc phng sai ca ng ti hn l phng sai
thi gian hon thnh d n d kin, theo quy lut phn
phi chun.
2 - 94
Phng php PERT
XC NH THI GIAN K VNG
Cng thc Te a + 4 m + b
T
e
=
6
a: Thi gian thun li (thi gian ngn nht hon thnh
cng vic trong cc iu kin thun li nht)
m: Thi gian bnh thng (thi gian thng t c khi
cng vic c thc hin)
b: Thi gian bt li (thi gian di nht v phi thc hin
cng vic trong hon cnh kh khn nht)
Te: Thi gian trung bnh thc hin mi cng vic
2 - 95
Gi tr lch chun ca cc cng vic
Thi gian d kin hon thnh ton b d n
vi D l di thi gian hon thnh cc cng
vic gng
i: l cc cng vic gng
2 - 96
V d PERT
Cng vic
hon thnh
Thi gian
lc quan
Thi gian d
xy ra
Thi gian bi
quan
Cng vic
trc
A 10 22 22 -
B 20 20 20 -
C 4 10 16 -
D 2 14 32 A
E 8 8 20 B,C
F 8 14 20 B,C
G 4 4 4 B,C
H 2 12 16 C
I 6 16 38 G,H
J 2 8 14 D,E
2 - 97
Cng vic Thi gian k
vng Te
Phng sai lch chun
A 20 4 2
B 20 0 0
C 10 4 2
D 15 25 5
E 12 4 2
F 14 4 2
G 4 0 0
H 11 5.4 2.32
I 18 28.4 5.33
J 8 4 2
2 - 98
Hn ch ca CPM/PERT
i hi phi c nhng gi nh (nhiu khi
khng thc t). V d nh:
D n c xc nh hon ton theo mt
trnh t cng vic c th xc nh c v
bit trc mi quan h gia cc cng vic
c lp
Thi gian thc hin cng vic c lp v
c th d bo c chnh xc
2 - 99
Lch trnh d n khi
gii hn ngun lc
2 - 100
Lp lch trnh d n vi ngun
lc gii hn
Mc ch: lp lch trnh cc hot ng m yu cu s dng
cc ngun lc trong mt s trng hp l khng c chp
nhn
Hng dn:
V s vi ngun lc b vt qu cho ngun lc b ti
hn.
Khi mt ngun lc yu cu vt qu kh nng cung cp,
c gng iu chnh lch trnh ca cng vic vi cc thi
gian d tr.
Nu nh c nhiu hn mt ngun lc cn iu chnh, hy
lmtng ngun lc.
Ghi nh: lp lch trnh vi ngun lc b gii hn vi phn
mmMS Project l ph hp nht
2 - 101
V d vt qu ngun lc
S cng nhn c th: 10
Xc nh lch trnh c th thc hin. Thi gian hon
thnh d n?

Cng
vic
Cv trc Thi gian
(tun)
Yu cu s cng
nhn
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
---
---
---
A
C
A
B,D,E
2
6
4
3
5
4
2
3
5
4
2
4
2
6

2 - 102
Biu ngun lc vt qu
500%
1,000%
1,500%
Peak Units:
l
Overallocated: Allocated:
27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5
August September
1,200% 1,200% 1,300% 1,300% 1,300% 1,100% 400% 400% 400% 600% 600%
2 - 103
Ngun lc iu chnh
300%
600%
900%
1,200%
Peak Units:
l
Overallocated: Allocated:
27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5
August September
700% 700% 900% 900% 900% 900% 900% 900% 800% 400% 400% 800%
2 - 104
Ch- ng 5
Kim sot d n
1. Khi nim v ni dung kim sot d n
2. Cc dng kim sot d n
3. Cc b- c trong qu trnh kim sot
4. Ph- ng php kim sot truyn thng theo
chi ph
5. Ph- ng php gi tr lm ra
2 - 105
Khi nim v ni dung kim sot
Kim sot d n l qu trnh gm 3 bc:
Thu thp thng tin (Thu thp d liu v thng tin v vic
thc hin d n v cc thay i v mi trng):
+ Tin
+ Chi ph
+ Thnh qu (cc yu cu v k thut)
So snh cc thng tin ny vi k hoch v cc yu cu
ra
Thc hin cc bin php sa i, hiu chnh nhm mc
ch t c yu cu ra
2 - 106
Cc b- c trong qu trnh kim sot
Bc 1: Thit lp cc tiu chun yu cu i vi d n
+ Cc c trng k thut (nm trong h s thit k nu c sa
i phi c bn bc v ghi thnh vn bn)
+ Ngn sch ca d n
+ Cc chi ph
+ Cc ngun lc yu cu
Bc 2: Gim st (monitoring)
+ Quan st cc cng vic c thc hin trong thc t
Bc 3: So snh, d bo
+ So snh cc tiu chun yu cu v cc cng vic c thc
hin trong thc t tnh cho n ngy thc hin kim tra.
+ c tnh thi gian v chi ph hon thnh cc cng vic cn
li hon tt ton b d n.
Bc 4: iu chnh
+ Thc hin cc bin php sa cha, hiu chnh khi cc kt qu
thc t c s khc bit so vi cc tiu chun ra.
2 - 107
Khi nim v ni dung kim sot
Kim sot d n cn bao gm cc khi nim:
Theo di d n: l qu trnh thu thp thng xuyn
cc d liu chnh xc theo thi gian v vic thc
hin d n.
i khi, trong nhng d n pht trin, c s dng
theo ngha kim sot d n
nh gi d n: l qu trnh xc nh tnh hiu qu
v tc ng cc hot ng ca d n da trn mc
tiu, mc ch ca d n (mt cch h thng v
khch quan)
2 - 108
Cc dng kim sot
Theo thnh phn kim sot d n
C 3 thnh phn ca kim sot d n: thi gian
(time), chi ph (cost) v yu cu k thut (technical
requirements)
c 3 dng kim sot tng ng l:
Kim sot thi gian (tin )
Kim sot chi ph
Kim sot cc yu cu v cht lng
Ch : mi quan h gia cc ch tiu kim sat
2 - 109
Cc dng kim sot
Bn quy nh v thc hin kim sot:
+ Kim sot bn trong (internal control): h thng v
quy trnh gim st do pha thc hin d n
+ Kim sot bn ngoi (external control): cc quy trnh
v tiu chun kim sot c n nh bi khch
hng.
M hnh ca h thng kim sot:
+ H thng n gin (simple system) c mt chu trnh
phn hi thng tin
+ H thng phc tp, cao cp (high level system): nhiu
chu trnh phn hi thng tin, c th iu chnh mc
tiu/tiu chun cc h thng gim st ph
2 - 110
H thng kim sot d n
u vo
Hot ng
D n
u ra
Theo di So snh
K hoch
Thc hin
D n
Mi trng
2 - 111
Ti sao cn kim sot d n?
m bo d n t c mc tiu lp k hoch hoc chp
nhn c v thi gian, ngn sch v cht lng hon thnh..
Pht hin sm cc vn hnh ng nhm c th nm bt
c chng
H tr s gii trnh, thng tin vi cc bn lin quan, ng
thi lm tng ln s tham gia v ng gp ca h.
ng vin nhn vin v ti khng nh ng gp v o mc
tiu ca d n.
Thu c cc bi hc cho cc d n khc (hin ti v tng
lai)
Tng cng s hiu bit ca cc bn tham gia, ng thi gip
h xy dng nng lc
2 - 112
Bn lin quan d n: kim sot ai?
Ghi ch: cc bn lin quan khc nhau cn cc thng tin khc
nhau vi cc mc ch, nh dng khc nhau
Cn cung cp thng tin kim sot cho ai?
Nhm qun l d n
Ch s hu d n (khch hng, qun l cp cao)
Nh u t, ngn hng, nh ti tr
T chc chnh ph
Nhm s dng, cng ng, phng tin thng tin i
chng, v cc nhm quan tm khc
T vn nh thu nh cung cp
Vi mi mt bn lin quan,cn phi xem xt:
H cn bit g?cn cung cp g? Vi mc ch g th no?
Chng ta cn thng tin g v h?
Bo co thng tin g v nh th no?
2 - 113
C ch v yu cu kim sot d n c bn
C ch kim sot ph bin:
Bo co tin trnh theo thi k: thc hin d n hin nay v k
hoch (bo co bi thc hin), cc thay i ca mi trng
T chc hp kim tra tin trnh u n: e kp d n, cc bn lin
quan chnh trong v ngoi.
Tho lun khng chnh thc,tham quan c s, kim ton, kim tra
bn trong...
Yu cu thng tin cho kim sot d n:
Tnh thi gian: d chun on, o lng
R rng: d dng trong vic hiu ca cc bn lin quan
Pht hin: quyn u tin
ng n: lin kt d liu v thng tin, gi ci thi gian b gi li
2 - 114
Cc thnh phn ca kim sot d n
Kim sot phm vi, thnh qu v cht lng:
Phm vi v cht lng cng vic, c trng v tiu chun u ra
Thay i phm vi, vn v cht lng, nguyn nhn, hnh ng u
c ghi nhn
Kim sot tin trnh
So snh k hoch v tin trnh thc t: tr hon, nguyn nhn v hot
ng iu chnh
D bo thi gian hon thnh d n
Kim sot chi ph
So snh k hoch v chi ph thc t: vt chi hay di d chi, cc
nguyn nhn v hot ng iu chnh
Kim sot ngn sch v b sung
D bo chi ph thc t khi hon thnh
Theo di mi trng:
S thay i cc iu kin lm vic bn trong v bn ngoi, cc tc ng
hin ti v tng lai vi thnh qu ca d n
Kim tra cc gi thit thit k d n
Quan h vi cc bn lin quan
2 - 115
Kim sot phm vi, thnh qu v cht lng
Kim sot phm vi (hay qun l phm vi):
K hoch cho cc thay i phm vi c th (c ch yu cu
v ph quyt)
Nhn dng, loi tr v theo di s thay i phm vi
Bo co s thay i
Qun l cht lng v thnh qu:
Thit lp cc tiu chun cht lng (cng vic v u ra)
K hoch theo di v kim sot cht lng
Nhn dng, loi b v gii quyt vn cht lng
Bo co cht lng v thnh qu, s chp nhn ca bn
lin quan
2 - 116
Kim sot qu trnh
Kim sot lch trnh:
nh gi tin trnh d n v biu l trnh, s khc
bit vi lch trnh c s
Xc nh cc yu t to nn s thay i lch trnh, nh
hng ca cc yu t
D bo tin trnh v ngy hon thnh trong tng lai
Cng c:
Lch trnh c bn trong biu l trnh
Lch trnh hin ti
Phn tch sai lch
2 - 117
Kim sot chi ph
Hot ng ca kim sot chi ph:
o lngchi ph thc hin d n (chi ph hin ti v chi ph
c lp k hoch) ca cc ti khon d n (nhm hoc gi
cng vic chia s vi trch nhim chi ph) v ca d n
Xc nh cc yu t to ra thay i chi ph v nh hng ca
cc yu t
D bo chi ph tng lai v b sung hot ng kim ch cn
thit
Hot ng kim sot ngn sch v chi tiu ( m bo rng chi
ph l ph hp, hu hn vi ngn sch c ph duyt):
K hoch v kim ch chi ph d n:
Yu cu chi ph v c ch ph duyt
Yu cu thay i v c ch ph duyt
Nhn dng, loi b v theo di s thay i chi phi
Bo co v ghi nhn tt c cc kt qu v hot ng
2 - 118
Kim sot lch trnh vi MS Project
2 - 119
Cc phng php kim sot
1. Phng php kim sot chi ph truyn
thng
2. Phng php kim sot chi ph/lch
trnh kim sot theo gi tr lm ra
2 - 120
Kim sot d n truyn thng v qun l gi tr lm ra
Theo truyn thng, lch trnh v chi ph c theo di v kim
sot mt cch c lp. Cc kt qu c th gii thiu thnh qu d
n hin ti hoc s dng d bo s hon thnh trong tng lai
ca d n
Kim sot chi ph/ lch trnh hay qun l gi tr lm ra ca d n:
nh gi v d bo lch trnh d n v chi ph hon thc hin
ti cng mt thi im
Theo di tin trnh d n nhng khng ch ngy ca lch trnh
(v thi im bt u v kt thc ca d n) m c chi ph
hin ti, phn trm cng vic hon thnh hoc lch trnh hon
thnh
Tt c cc o lng u th hin di dng tin t, s dng
chi ph c lp ngn sch ca cc hot ng c s u vo.
2 - 121
Phng php kim sot
chi ph truyn thng
S dng cc ti khon chi ph c gim st mt cch
ring l (cho mt hoc mt nhm cc cng vic trong cu
trc phn tch cng vic - WBS).
Mi ti khon chi ph c th bao gm:
+ M t v cng vic
+ K hoch thi gian
+ Ngi chu trch nhim
+ D chi theo tng giai on
+ Nguyn vt liu, nhn cng v thit b cn thit
2 - 122
Ni dung: i vi mi ti khon chi ph, phn tch
chnh lch c thc hin theo tng giai on xem
s thc chi nhiu hn hay t hn s d chi. Sau tp
hp cho ton d n.
Nhc im:
Ch phn tch chnh lch v chi ph (l khng )
Khng ch ra bao nhiu phn cng vic hon
thnh.
Khng ch ra chi tiu trong tng lai s l bao
nhiu.
Phng php kim sot
chi ph truyn thng
2 - 123
Kim sot chi ph truyn thng
Cng vic January February March April May June Ngn sch
1 150
2 150
3 200
4 100
Tng 600
Chi ph k hoch: 150 (100%)
Chi thc t: 120
Chi k hoch: 150 (100%)
Chi thc t: 150
Chi k hoch: 150 (75%)
Chi thc t: 150
Chi k hoch :0
Chi thc t: 0
2 - 124
Kim sot chi ph / lch trnh:
cc cu hi c gii p
Tnh trng hin nay ca d n l nh th no v lch trnh
hay chi ph?
D kin s cn thm bao nhiu chi ph hon thnh d
n?
Khi no th d n s hon thnh (hay lch trnh xem xt
li)?
Ti sao v u c cc nguyn nhn khin chi ph hay
lch trnh vt?
C th thu c g t cc chi ph tiu hao?
C th nhn dng v iu chnh cc vn tim n chi
ph v lch trnh trc khi qu mun?
2 - 125
Kim sot chi ph s dng gi tr lm ra
nhim v January February March April May June ngn sch
1 150
2 150
3 200
4 100
Tng 600
Chi ph k hoch:150(100%)
Chi ph thc t: 120
Gi tr lm ra: 150 (100%)
Chi ph thc t: 150
Gi tr thu c: 50 (33%)
Chi ph thc t: 150
Gi tr lm ra: 170 (85%)
Chi ph k hoch: 0
Chi ph thc t: 0
Gi tr thu c: 0
2 - 126
Cc khi nim c bn
D chi (Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled-BCWS):
Chi ph d tnh cho cng vic theo k hoch. BCWS l gi tr cc
ngun lc c hoch nh s chi thc hin cng vic mt thi
Im cho trc
Thc chi (Actual Cost for Work Performed-ACWP): Chi tiu thc t
hao ph v c ghi nhn cho cng vic thc hin trong mt giai on
thi gian.
Gi tr thu c/lm ra (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed-BCWP):
Chi ph (hoc gi tr) ca tt c cng vic thc hin c trong mt giai
on thi gian
BCWP cn c gi l gi tr lm ra - Earned Value
BCWP = Ngn sch d tnh X % cng vic c hon cho
ton b c.vic thnh cho n thi im xem xt
2 - 127
Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin
Cc i lng phn tch sai lch (Variance Analysis)
1) Sai lch v tin SV (Schedule Variance)
2) Sai lch v chi ph CV (Cost Variance)
3) Sai lch k ton AV (Accounting Variance)
4) Sai lch thi gian TV (Time Variance)
2 - 128
1. Chnh lch v tin : SV = Gi tr lm ra - D
chi = BCWP- BCWS
L con s tnh bng tin ch ra tng cng vic
hon thnh cho ti thi im ny l t hn (hay nhiu
hn) so vi k hoch, iu ny ni ln rng d n l
ang chm (hay nhanh) so vi k hoch
SV > 0 >Vt tin (Ahead schedule)
SV = 0 >ng tin (On schedule)
SV < 0 >Chm tin (Behind schedule)
2 - 129
1. Chnh lch v tin : SV = Gi tr lm ra - D chi =
BCWP- BCWS
Ch : lun quy ra bng tin
VD: BCWP = 80.000$, BCWS = 90.000$
SV = 80.000 90.000 = -10.000$ Chm tin
Nu sn lng lm ra trung bnh mt thng l 200sp, n
gi sp l 25$.
C th l chm tin : 10.000 / 200 = 50 sp
Hoc: 50 / 25 = 2 thng
2 - 130
2. Chnh lch v chi ph: Gi tr lm ra - Thc chi
CV = BCWP-ACWP
o s thc hin v chi ph ca d n
CV > 0 khng vt chi ph (Cost under run)
CV = 0 ng chi ph (On cost)
CV < 0 vt chi ph (Cost over run)
Lu :
-Khi s dng cn tnh ng, tnh k c chi ph khng
phi l tin mt.
-Khi tnh BCWP c tnh chi ph d phng
2 - 131
3. Chnh lch v k ton AV
AV = D Chi - Thc chi = BCWS - ACWP
L s khc lch gia d chi v chi tiu thc t.
AV > 0 >Ngn sch theo k hoch ln hn thc
chi
AV = 0 >Ngn sch theo k hoch ng bng thc
chi
AV < 0 > Ngn sch theo k hoch nh hn thc
chi
2 - 132
4. Chnh lch v thi gian: TV = SD - BCSP
Ch ra trn thang thi gian d n chm bao
nhiu so vi k hoch.
TV ch ra mc sm hay tr ca d n so vi k
hoch
SD (Status Date): Ngy xem xt, thi im hin
trng
BCSP (Budgeted Cost of the Schedule
Performed): ngy, thi im m ti BCWS
thi im xem xt = BCWP
2 - 133
VD: d liu kim sot
h
o
n
g
q
u
a
n

h
n
g
n

s
c
h
c
h
i

p
h

t
h
c

t
%

c
n
g

v
i
c

t
h
e
o

l
c
h

t
r
n
h
%

c
n
g

v
i
c

t
h
c

h
i
n
J
a
n
F
e
b
M
a
r
A
p
r
M
a
y
J
u
n
J
u
l
A
u
g
S
e
p
O
c
t
N
o
v
D
e
c
50 50
10 30 30 30
33 34 33
33 34 33
50 50
33
100
50 50
25 25 25 25
33 34 33
33 34 33
50 50
145 25 15 16.6 16.8 16.6 7.5 7.5 9.9 10.2 9.9 5 5
100
33
0
100
100
100
100
Tng N.S
100
100
33
100
100
0
0
Chi ph theo lch trnh
20
10 12
22
20 25
4 15
30 0
38 40
G F 10 0
B C
D
A
B A
E
F
D
C,D
ngy
xem xt
2 - 134
V d: kim sot vi gi tr lm ra
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
P
r
e
d
e
-
c
e
s
s
o
r
s
B
u
d
g
e
t
A
c
t
u
a
l

e
x
p
e
n
s
e
%

o
f

w
o
r
k

s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
d
%

o
f

w
o
r
k

d
o
n
e
J
a
n
F
e
b
M
a
r
A
p
r
M
a
y
J
u
n
J
u
l
A
u
g
S
e
p
O
c
t
N
o
v
D
e
c
A
C
W
P
B
C
W
S
B
C
W
P
S
V
C
V
50 50
10 30 30 30
33.3 33.3 33.3
33.3 33.3 33.3
50 50
33.3
100
50 50
25 25 25 25
33.3 33.3 33.3
33.3 33.3 33.3
50 50
145 101 115 95 -20 -6
E
F
D
C,D
A
B A
B C
D
G F 10 0
30 0
38 40
20 25
4 15
20
10 12
22
100
0
0
100
33
0
100
100
33
100
Total budget
12
22
4
25
38
0
0
10
20
15
20
40
10
0
100
100
100
100
40
0
0
10
20
5
20
0 -2
0 -2
-10 1
0 -5
0 0
0 2
-10 0
Review date
2 - 135
June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MONTHLY 0.08 0.61 0.9 2.24 2.97 3.21 4.23 6.23 5.7 8.01 8.84 7.13 8.17 8.05 5.87 5.48 4.55 4.55 4.16 2.82 2.82 2.81
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.69 1.59 3.83 6.8 10.01 14.24 20.47 26.17 34.18 43.02 50.15 58.32 66.37 72.24 77.72 82.27 86.82 90.98 93.8 96.62 99.43
MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81
MONTHLY 0.08 0.56 2.22 1.83 1.21 1.23 1.35 1.15 2.45 6.3 5.5 7.56 9.23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.64 2.86 4.69 5.9 7.13 8.48 9.63 12.08 18.38 23.88 31.44 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67
BCWS ACWP BCWP
(*) The rest was services provided during the 19th Asian game period
1998
PROGRESSION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK (Not real data)
No
1997
Description
GROUP 1 (Building C1-C4)
Foundation work
Installation P.C panel
1996
P.C FACTORY
Architecture and system work
Utilities
GROUP 2 (Building A1-A3)
Foundation work
Utilities
Utilities
GROUP 3 (Building C5,C6,C8,D1)
Foundation work
Foundation work
Utilities
GROUP 5 (Building B1,B3,B4,B7)
Foundation work
Utilities
Example of control chart with BCSS, BCWP and ACWP
BCWS
BCWP
ACWP
Utilities
Foundation work
2 - 136
Cc ch s thc hin
1. Ch so thc hien ve tien o SPI (Schedule
Performance Index)
SPI = BCWP / BCWS
SPI > 1 >BCWP > BCWS >SV > 0 vt tien o
2. Ch so thc hien ve chi ph CPI (Cost
Performance Index)
CPI = BCWP / ACWP
CPI > 1 > BCWP > ACWP > CV > 0 Khong vt
chi ph
2 - 137
D bo thc hin chi ph
FCTC (D bo chi ph hon thnh phn vic
cn li ca d n - Forecast Cost To Complete
Project)
FCTC= (BCAC - BCWP)/ CPI,
BCAC (Budgeted Cost At Completion) l d chi ti
thi im hon thnh d n. S ny cng ging
nh- BCWS thi im d nh hon thnh.
CPI
BCWS BCAC
BCWP
ACWP
BCWP BCAC FCTC
) (
) (

2 - 138
Lch trnh, kim sot v d bo
June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June
1 100%
2
90%
3 80%
70%
4
60%
50%
5
40%
6 30%
20%
7
10%
0%
MONTHLY 0.08 0.61 0.9 2.24 2.97 3.21 4.23 6.23 5.7 8.01 8.84 7.13 8.17 8.05 5.87 5.48 4.55 4.55 4.16 2.82 2.82 2.81 0.57
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.69 1.59 3.83 6.8 10.01 14.24 20.47 26.17 34.18 43.02 50.15 58.32 66.37 72.24 77.72 82.27 86.82 90.98 93.8 96.62 99.43 100
MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.49 6.45 7.24 6.93 6.82 8.15 8.41 9.23 6.37 4.03 2.37 0.19
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.81 40.26 47.5 54.43 61.25 69.4 77.81 87.04 93.41 97.44 99.81 100
MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.51 7.29 6.99 7.28 5.7 6.55 6.82 7.51 7.07 4.6 2.02 2.12 1.85
ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.83 41.12 48.11 55.39 61.09 67.64 74.46 81.97 89.04 93.64 95.66 97.78 99.63
(*)
PROPOSAL ACTUAL REVISED
PROPOSAL (%)
REVISION 1
ACTUAL (%)
Utilities
PROPOSAL (%)
Utilities
Foundation work
Utilities
Foundation work
Foundation work
Foundation work
Utilities
Utilities
GROUP 3 (Building C5,C6,C8,D1)
Utilities
GROUP 2 (Building A1-A3)
Foundation work
P.C FACTORY
Foundation work
QC-1 ZONE PROJECT CONTROL CHART AT ITALIAN_THAI
PROGRESSION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR 400 UNITS ATHLETE VILLAGES
No Description
1996 1997 1998
2 - 139
V d: D n ABC
Ch to 1000 sn phm trong 50 thng
Trung bnh ch to 20 sn phm mi
thng
Chi ph d kin ch to mi sn phm
l 500 $
Tng chi ph d kin l 500.000$
Sau 10 thng:
Ch to - c 150 sn phm
Tng chi ph thc t l 90.000 $
2 - 140
Tin trnh thc hin
Sau 10 thng:
Ch to - c 150 sn phm
Tng chi ph thc t l 90.000 $
C chi 90.000 thi lam ra 75.000
Hay cu chi 1 thi lam ra 0.833
Vay can chi X de lam ra 500.000
2 - 141
Cc ch tiu thc hin
Thc chi ACWP = $90.000
D chi BCWS = $100.000
10 thng x 20 sp/thng x 500/sp ngn sch d kin
BCWP = $75.000 (Gi tr thu - c - EV)
150 sn phmx 500/sn phm d chi
SV = BCWP - BCWS = -$25.000
SPI = BCWP / BCWS = 0.75
CV = BCWP - ACWP = $75.000 - $90.000 = -$15.000
CPI = BCWP / ACWP = 0.833
AV = BCWS-ACWP = 100.000 - 90.000 = 10.000
TV= 10 - 13,3 = -3,3
2 - 142
D bo
1.Chi ph d bo cho ton b d n
FCAC = BCAC / CPI = $500.000 / 0.833 =
$600.000
VAC = BAC - EAC = $500.000 - $600.000 = -
$100.000
2.Thi gian hon thnh ton b d n
FTAT =
50 / SPI =
50 / 0.75 = 66.67 thng
Cu 10 thang thi cham 3,3
Vay 50 thanh thi cham Y

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2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQL Qun l d n

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