ti: so snh vi x l ca hai hang sn xut intel v AMD v thiu nng v tnh cnh tranh.

Hin nay, vi x l ca hang no c hiu nng cao hn

Trong lch s pht trin ca mnh, chic my tnh pht trin t mt chic my ch n thun thnh mt thit b ng vai tr cn bn trong phng thc m hng triu con ngi chng ta lm vic, lin lc, hc tp, gii tr v cn nhiu m hnh s dng khc na. Trong mi my tnh, c th ni b vi x l ng vai tr trung tm, quyt nh cht lng cng nh mc lm vic, x l d liu ca my. C c mt s hng cnh tranh nhau trong sn xut vi x l, nhng hin nay Intel v AMD l hai cng ty sn xut chip x l my tnh ln nht th gii. Mi cng ty u cho ra i nhiu loi chip vi x l khc nhau v bm ui nhau lin tc. hiu r hn chng ta s i tm hiu v cc dng vi x l ca hai hng ny v hiu nng v tnh cnh tranh. I. Gii thiu s lc v Intel v AMD 1. S ra i v pht trin ca Intel a. S ra i ca Intel Tp on Intel (Integrated Electronics) thnh lp vo ngy 18/7/1968, lc l tp on hp nht v thit b in t, sn xut Santa Clara, (California, USA) bi nh ho hc kim vt l hc Gordon E.Moore v Robert Noyce, sau khi h ri khi cng ty Fairchild Semiconductor. Intel c 99.000 nhn vin ti 199 vn phng v c s sn xut kinh doanh trn ton cu. Nm 2005 doanh thu ca Intel t hn 38 t USD, v xp th 50 trong cc cng ty ln nht th gii. Intel sn xut cc sn phm nh chip vi x l cho my tnh, bo mch ch, nh flash, card mng v cc thit b my tnh khc. Intel Corporation l cng ty sn xut thit b cht bn dn ln nht th gii, v l nh pht minh ra chui

vi mch x l th h x86 m b x l tm thy cc my tnh c nhn. Intel lm ra cc sn phm motherboard chipsets (con chip mch ch), network cards (Card mng li) and ICs (mch t hp), flash memory (b nh Flash), graphic chips (con chip ha), embedded processors (b ghi x l), v cc thit b khc c lin quan n tin hc v s truyn thng. b. Cc mc pht trin ca Intel Nm 1971, Intel tin phong cho ra i chip vi x l u tin l chip 4004 c trang b cho my tnh Busicom v m ng cho xu hng tng thm s thng minh cho mi thit b, trong c my tnh c nhn. Chip 4004 c tc 740KHz, kh nng x l 0,06 triu lnh mi giy (milion instructions per second MIPS); c sn xut trn cng ngh 10 m, c 2.300 transistor (bng bn dn), b nh m rng n 640 byte. Nm 1972, Intel cho ra i Chip 8008 mnh gp i 4004, c s dng trong thit b u cui Datapoint 2200 ca Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC). Chp 8008 c tc 200kHz, sn xut trn cng ngh 10 m, vi 3.500 transistor, b nh m rng n 16KB. Nm 1974, 8080 tr thnh b no ca my tnh c nhn u tin mang tn Altair8800 (Tc x l gp 10 ln chip 8008), sn xut trn cng ngh 6 m, kh nng x l 0,64 MIPS vi 6.000 transistor, c 8 bit bus d liu v 16 bit bus a ch, b nh m rng ti 64KB. Trong thi gian ny, AMD cha pht trin v sn xut vi x l. Nm 1976, AMD v Intel k tha thun cng chia s sng ch. Nm 1978, BVXL 8086-8088 c bn ch yu cho IBM to nn dng PC IBM ni ting. S thnh cng ca chip 8088 a Intel vo hng Fortune 500 v c tp ch Fortune bnh bu l mt trong nhng cng ty thnh cng trong thp nin 70 (Business Triumphs of the Seventies). Intel 8088 l chng loi chip c s dng cho nhng chic PC u tin trn th gii. Intel 8088 l loi chi 16-bit, chy tc 4MHz v ch c th h tr ti a ti 1MB RAM.

Nm 1982, Intel cho ra i B vi x l 286, cn c bit n vi ci tn l 80286, l loi b vi x l 16-bit c kh nng h tr ti 16 MB RAM. Intel 80286 c th tng tc vi b nh o v l loi chip thc u tin do c kh nng x l ng thi nhiu tc v cng lc. Tnh nng ny c ng dng cho cc h iu hnh Windows trong tng lai v vn mi l c im tr ct ca dng chip Intel. Tc ti a ca Intel 80286 l 6MHz, nhng mt s phin bn sau ny c th chy tc 20MHz. Trong 6 nm, trn th gii c khong 15 triu PC 286 c bn ra. Cng trong nm ny, AMD v Intel k tha thun trao i cng ngh da trn kin trc iAPX86 Nm 1985, BVXL Intel 386 trang b 275.000 transistor (gp 100 ln so vi 4004), dng giao tip 32-bit v c kh nng x l ng thi nhiu tc v (multi tasking). Vi Intel 386, ln u tin mt chic PC mi t ra hu ch thc s. Intel 386 l b x l 32-bit u tin dnh cho my tnh c nhn. N c th tng thch vi cc loi card 32-bit, v h tr ti a ti 4GB b nh thc v 64TB (terabyte) b nh o. Intel 386 c nhiu phin bn, vi tc dao ng trong khong t 12,5MHz ti 33MHz. Nm 1986, Intel chm dt hp ng cp php vi AMD v t chi cung cp thng tin k thut ca i386. Mt cuc chin php l ko di 8 nm bt u. Nm 1989, CPU (central processing unit - BVXL trung tm) Intel486 DX cho php ngi dng t b giao din dng lnh t nht v chuyn sang giao din tng tc bng chut my tnh. Ln u tin c thm b ng x l ton hc, nhn bt phn x l cc php ton phc tp cho CPU nhm tng hiu nng h thng. Tc ca Intel 486 l 120MHz, v hin nay vn c dng cho mt s h thng. Nm 1993, BVXL Intel Pentium cho php my tnh x l c nhiu dng d liu thc t nh ging ni, m thanh, ch vit v hnh nh. L phin bn u tin ca dng chip Pentium, Pentium c xy dng trn cng ngh vi x l

350nm vi 3,1 (hoc 3,3) triu transitor. Pentium c bus h thng l 50, 60 v 66MHz; v cache L2 t 256KB ti 1MB. Nm 1995, BXL Intel Pentium Pro c thit k cho my ch v trm ng dng 32-bit, gip nng cao tc tnh ton cho ngnh khoa hc, c kh v thit k trn my tnh. Pentium Pro c trang b b m th cp tc cao v tch hp c ti 5,5 triu transistor. Nm 1997, BVXL Pentium II tch hp 7,5 triu transistor v trang b thm cng ngh MMX x l d liu video, m thanh v hnh nh hiu qu hn. Kiu ng gi c chuyn sang dng Single Edge Contact Cartridge v c tch hp thm chip nh dng cache tc cao Nm 1998, Intel Pentium Xeon ra i nhm p ng yu cu ca dng my ch cao cp v tm trung chuyn cung cp dch v Internet, lu tr d liu, to ni dung k thut s, thit k t ng. S dng Xeon, h thng c th kt hp 4 hoc 8 BXL vi nhau. Nm 1999, BVXL Intel Celeron c thit k ring cho th trng bnh dn vi tiu ch t hiu nng cao nht, trong mc gi hp l, c ti u ha cho tr chi v phn mm gio dc. Cng trong nm, Intel Pentium III ra i, c thm 70 lnh mi (Internet Streaming SIMD Extension) gip ti u hiu ng x l nh, 3D, m thanh trc tuyn, video v nhn dng ging ni. BVXL ny c tch hp 9,5 triu transistor v sn xut da trn cng ngh 0,25 micromt. Intel Pentium III Xeon m rng th trng sang my ch, my trm chy ng dng thng mi in t hoc ng dng cp doanh nghip ln. Nm 2000, BVXL Pentium IV ra i. Pentium IV bt u vi 400MHz bus h thng v 256KB cache L2 (sau ny tng ln 800MHz v 2MB). Nhng phin bn u tin ca Pentium IV c 42 triu transitor, c ch to trn cng ngh vi x l 180nm Nm 2001, Intel ci tin b vi x l Pentium 4 ln mc 2 GHz Nm 2002, B vi x l Intel Pentium 4 h tr Cng ngh Siu phn lung. Intel gii thiu Cng ngh Siu phn lung t ph cho b vi x l

Intel Pentium 4 mi c tc 3,06 GHz. Cng ngh Siu phn lung c th tng tc hiu sut hot ng ca my tnh ln ti 25%. Intel t mc tc mi cho my tnh vi vic gii thiu b vi x l Pentium 4 tc 3,06 GHz. y l b vi x l thng mi u tin c th x l 3 t chu trnh mt giy v c hin thc ha thng qua vic s dng cng ngh sn xut 0,13 micron tin tin nht ca ngnh cng nghip. Nm 2003, B vi x l Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition h tr Cng ngh Siu phn lung tc 3,20 GHz c gii thiu. S dng cng ngh x l 0,13 micron ca Intel, b vi x l Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition c b nh m L2 dung lng 512 kilobyte, mt b nh m L3 dung lng 2 megabyte v mt knh truyn h thng tc 800 Mhz. B vi x l ny tng thch vi h chipset hin ti Intel 865 v Intel 875 cng nh b nh h thng chun. Nm 2004, B vi x l Intel Pentium 4 h tr Cng ngh Siu phn lung t mc 3,4 GHz. Nm 2005, Vo thng 4 Intel Gii thiu nn tng s dng b vi x l hai nhn u tin gm b vi x l Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 840 chy tc 3,2 GHz v mt chipset Intel 955X Express. Cc b vi x l hai nhn hoc a nhn c pht trin bng cch a hai hay nhiu nhn x l hon chnh vo trong mt b vi x l n nht gip qun l ng thi nhiu tc v. Thng 5, B vi x l Intel Pentium D vi hai nhn x l hay cn gi l cc b no c gii thiu cng vi h chipset Intel 945 Express c kh nng h tr nhng tnh nng ca cc thit b in t tiu dng nh m thanh vm, video c phn gii cao v cc kh nng x l ha tng cng. Nm 2006, Vo thng 5, nhn hiu Intel Core 2 Duo c cng b. Thng 7, Tp on Intel cng b 10 b vi x l mi Intel Core 2 Duo v Core Extreme cho cc h thng my tnh bn v my tnh xch tay. Nhng b vi x l mi ny nng cao ti 40% hiu sut hot ng v nhiu hn 40% hiu qu tit kim in nng so vi b vi x l Intel Pentium tt nht. Cc b vi x l Core 2 Duo c 291 triu bng bn dn. Cc b vi x l ny hot ng trn vi kin trc

Intel Core ci thin r rt hiu nng v gim ng k in nng tiu th so vi b x l Intel trn vi kin trc th h trc. Nm 2007, Trong mng BXL cao cp, Intel a ra 3 BXL 4 nhn Core 2 Quad Q6600, Q6400 v Q6300. V kin trc, 3 BXL ny thuc dng ghp 2 BXL li kp trn hai , c ngha CPU c 2 BXL Core 2 lm vic chung vi nhau. BXL 4 nhn ny s c b m cache L2 n 8MB, mi 4MB chia s. Na u nm nay, Intel d kin tung ra dng BXL tm trung cng trn nn Core 2 Duo: 2 nhn, 1 . C th l dng Core 2 Duo E4000 gm 3 model: E4400, E4300 v E4200. Vo thi im BXL Phenom nhanh hn ca AMD xut hin th Intel cng c dng BXL Penryn ph thng cnh tranh Nm 2008, Ngy 17/11, ti M, Intel chnh thc gii thiu b vi x l (BVXL) dnh cho my tnh bn Intel Core i7 hin i nht t trc ti nay. BVXL Core i7 l thnh vin u tin trong h sn phm mi ca cc thit k vi x l Nehalem v l BVXL tinh vi nht t trc ti nay vi nhng cng ngh mi cho php nng cao hiu sut hot ng theo nhu cu s dng v ti a ho thng lng d liu c x l. BVXL Core i7 nng cao tc bin tp video, tn hng game cng nh cc tc v my tnh v Internet thng dng khc ln ti 40% m khng lm tng mc in nng tiu th. c cng b rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip in ton nh l mt kit tc cng ngh, BVXL Intel Core i7 thit lp mt k lc th gii mi vi s im 117 trong h thng kim tra SPECint_base_rate2006, mt tiu chun chuyn o hiu sut hot ng ca BVXL. y l ln u tin t trc n nay mt BVXL n c th vt qua mc 100 im. BVXL Intel Core i7-965 Extreme Edition tc 3,2 GHz c gi 999 USD/chic trn n hng 1.000 chic. Vi n hng tng t, Intel Core i7-940 tc 2,93 GHz gi 562 USD/chic v Intel Core i7-920 tc 2,66 GHz gi 284 USD/chic. Ngy 25/11/2008, ti TP.HCM, b vi x l (BVXL) dnh cho my tnh bn Intel Core i7 c mt ti vit nam v c cho l nhanh nht hin nay.

Nm 2009 , Thng 9, b vi x l Core i5 ra mt chnh thc ti th trng Vit Nam v khch hng tm trung l mc tiu Core i5 hng n. Theo s liu bn hng trong qu 3 ca nm 2009 ca Intel th t l b vi x l Core dnh cho my tnh bn bn ra t 27% trn tng s cc b vi x l cung cp cho my tnh bn ti th trng Vit Nam. Ring i vi my tnh xch tay th con s ny tng ng l 56%. Intel cng t ra mc tiu tham vng l tng th phn b vi x l Core dnh cho bn ln 40% vo qu 2 nm 2010. V th song song vi cc chng trnh h tr i l, qung b cng ngh, Intel d kin a ra cc chng trnh kch cu ngi tiu dng Vit Nam c th tip cn cng ngh mi vi gi ph hp nht Nm 2010, Qu 1, Intel cho tip tc gii thiu Core i3, hng n ngi dng ph thng, to thnh mt chui sn phm lin lc t ph thng n cao cp gm Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Core i3, i5 v i7. Cng trong nm ny, Intel a ra th trng b vi x l cao cp nht l b vi x l 6 nhn Core i7 980X c tn m l Gulftown da trn cng ngh 32 nm mi. u th ca cng ngh mi 32nm so vi cng ngh 45nm trc y l cho php b vi x l mi c tch hp nhiu nhn hn trn c cng kch thc so vi cng ngh 45nm, cc b vi x l Core i7 45nm trc y ch c 4 nhn. Khng nhng vy cng ngh 32nm cng gip cho b vi x l mi mt hn, ta ra t nhit lng hn v tiu th in nng thp hn. 2. S ra i v pht trin ca AMD a. S ra i ca AMD AMD - Advanced Micro Devices l mt cng ty chuyn v sn xut cc cht bn dn Hoa K. Cng ty c i bn doanh Sunnyvale - California ny c thnh lp nm 1969 do Jerry Sanders v nhm nhn vin c ca Fairchild Semiconductor sng lp. hin nay, AMD l nh sn xut b vi x l (CPU) x86 ln th hai th gii sau Intel v l mt trong nhng nh sn xut b nh flash hng u trn th gii. ng thi cng l nh cung cp card ha v b x l ha (GPUs) ln th ba th gii k t khi nm quyn s hu cng ty ATI

Technologies vo nm 2006. Ngoi ra AMD cn sn xut chipset v cc linh kin in t bn dn khc. ngy nay AMD tr thnh mt cng ty a quc gia vi hng chc ngn nhn vin ti chu u, Nht Bn, Hoa K... Hin nay ch tch hi ng qun tr v l tng gim c l Tin s Hector Ruiz, ch tch tp on v l gim c iu hnh l ngi Dirk Meyer. Nm 2007, AMD ng th 11 trong cc nh SX cht bn dn hng u th gii b. Cc mc pht trin ca AMD Nm 1969, Mt nhm cc gim c iu hnh c ca Fairchild Semiconductor, trong c Jerry Sanders, sng lp nn Advanced Micro Devices vo ngy 1/5/1969 vi khon u t ban u l $100,000. Nm 1970, AMD gii thiu loi b m Logic Am2501, sn phm ring u tin ca cng ty. Nm 1972, AMD tr thnh cng ty c phn. Nm 1975, AMD gia nhp lnh vc sn xut chip RAM, thit k b vi x l da theo Chip Intel 8080 v ch to cc phn b x l cho Minicomputer. Nm 1979, AMD ln sn chng khon New York v m nh my sn xut mi ti Austin, Texas. Nm 1982, AMD v Intel k tha thun trao i cng ngh da trn kin trc iAPX86. AMD tr thnh nh cung cp b vi x l th hai c Intel cp giy php i vi chip 8086 v 8088 cho IBM. AMD ra mt loi b vi x l nhi 80286 mang tn Am286 da trn thit k v vi m ca Intel Nm 1985, ATI (sau ny c AMD mua li) pht trin mch iu khin ha u tin v Card ha u tin. AMD gia nhp danh sch Fortune 500. Nm 1986, AMD gii thiu chip 32-bit trong h sn phm 29300 Nm 1987, AMD mua li Monolithic Memories v gia nhp lnh vc logic lp trnh. Nm 1988, AMD xy dng Trung tm pht trin Siu hin vi AMD, sau ny cung cp cng ngh cng ngh th h tip theo cho cc nh my ca AMD trn ton th gii.

Nm 1991, AMD ra mt ln u gii php thay th cho b x l Intel 386 mang tn Am386, bn c hn mt triu bn trong vng cha y mt nm. Nm 1992, Cng ty con ca ATI ti c c thnh lp, cc sn phm VESA v PCI u tin c a ra th trng v Mach32 mch iu khin v b tng tc ha u tin trn chip c cng b. Nm 1993, AMD cho ra B x l Am486 ra i trn cng ngh 0,35 micro mt, cha 1 triu transistor (mt gp 5 ln Am386 nhng kch thc li nh hn).v cng b k hoch pht trin d n AMD-K5. Nm 1994, AMD bt u hp ng cung cp b x l Am486 di hn cho Compaq. ng thi, cuc chin php l vi Intel xung quanh chip 386 kt thc v ta n ti cao California ng v pha AMD. Nm 1995, K5, i th ca Intel Pentium v l CPU c thit k c lp u tin ca AMD ra i. Nm 1996, AMD mua li hng sn xut b x l NexGen c quyn s dng serie Nx cc b x l tng thch x86. Vic ny gip AMD trc tip cnh tranh c vi Intel trn th trng vi x l. K hoch xy dng Nh my Fab30 ti Dresden, c c cng b. Nm 1997, AMD gii thiu b x l K6 nh mt li p vi Pentium II ca Intel. Nm 1998, K6-2 c tung ra th trng. AMD K6-2 sn xut bng cng ngh 0,25 micro mt, cha 9 triu transistor trn cm c kch thc 78x78 mm. c sn xut da trn cng ngh 350nm, x l 5 lp v K6 nh hn 20% so vi Pentium Pro v nhiu hn 3.3 triu transistor (8.8 triu so vi 5.5 triu transistor). K6 c b nh Cache L1 64KB bao gm 32KB cache lnh v 32KB cache Writeback . N nhiu gp 4 ln so vi Pentium Pro v gp 2 ln so vi Pentium MMX v Pentium II. K6 c nhng phin bn 166MHz, 200MHz v 233MHz. Hiu nng tnh ton ca n tng ng vi Pentium Pro c cng tc xung nhp m c b nh cache L2 512KB. AMD cng b hp tc vi

Motorola ng pht trin mt cng ngh bn dn da trn cht liu ng, sau ny tr thnh nn tng cho quy trnh sn xut K7. Nm 1999, AMD Athlon (AMD-K7) tch hp 37 triu transistor ra i trn dy chuyn vi mch cng ngh 0,18 micro mt v t tc vt qua ngng 1Ghz. Athlon ra i nh du bc pht trin vt bc ca AMD. Athlon c thit k bi mt i DEC c m ng u l Dirk Meyer, mt trong nhng k s hng u ca DEC Alpha v sau ny tr thnh CEO AMD vo nm 2008. Athlon nh bi hon ton Pentium IV ca intel v tc , hiu nng. y l ln u tin vi x l ca AMD vt qua intel. ng thi khin cho intel phi e d trc mt i th km cnh v nhiu mt. Nm 2000, AMD ra mt b x l AMD-K6-2+ c kh nng qun l lng in tiu th. Jerry Sanders b nhim ch tch b phn bn dn ca Motorola, Hector Ruiz, lm ch tch AMD v COO. Cn ATI mua li ArtX v tuyn m CEO tng lai Dave Orton vo cng ty ny. ATI cng gii thiu dng card ha Radeon. AMD bt u tin hnh sn xut ti nh my Fab30 200mm ti Dresden. Nm 2001, AMD ra mt Athlon MP, b x l u tin dnh cho my tnh trm ca cng ty ny. HyperTransport c mt lot cng ty h tr nh Agilent, Apple, Broadcom, Cisco Systems, IBM, nVidia, Sun, v Texas Instruments. Nm 2002, AMD mua li Alchemy Semiconductor v c cng ngh sn xut b x l tch hp tit kim in ca cng ty ny. Athlon XP s dng cng ngh Cool'n'Quiet ca AMD. Hector Ruiz k nhim ng sng lp AMD Jerry Sanders. Nm 2003, AMD hp tc vi IBM nghin cu cng ngh sn xut th h tip theo. Cng ngh 64-bit ln u ra mt vi b x l Athlon 64 v Opteron, b x l u tin thc s dnh cho my ch ca AMD. AMD Opteron theo kin trc 64-bit nhng vn h tr ng dng 32-bit, sn xut trn cng ngh 0,13 micro mt. AMD to nn bc t ph ln khi gii thiu phin bn 64 bit ca chip x86, chy trn Windows, nh bi Intel. y l ln u tin hng chip

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s mt th gii phi rt ui sau AMD pht trin cng ngh tng t. Ngoi ra, AMD mua li b phn x86 ca National Semiconductor v cng b vic hp tc chin lc vi Sun Microsystems. AMD v Fujitsu thnh lp mt cng ty lin doanh flash mang tn Spansion. Nm 2004, AMD gii thiu b x l 2 nhn x86 u tin ca cng ty ny v khai trng chi nhnh ti Trung Quc vi Beijing HQ. Nm 2005, Turion 64 dnh cho notebook, Athlon 64 X2 2 nhn v Opteron 2 nhn c cng b. Nh my Fab36 300mm Dresden, c m ca. AMD khi kin Intel ti lm dng v th c quyn ngn cn v tiu dit tnh cnh tranh trn th trng. C phiu Spansion c bn ra. Nm 2006, AMD cng b phi v st nhp tr gi $5.4 t vi ATI v cng b k hoch sn xut b x l Fusion vo nm 2010. CEO ATI Dave Orton c b nhim lm Ph ch tch iu hnh B phn Cng ngh th gic v Media. Dell cng b loi my tnh s dng b x l AMD. AMD gii thiu b x l x86 4 nhn dnh cho my ch da trn nhn Barcelona v thnh lp Trung tm nghin cu v pht trin Thng Hi tp trung vo nn tng thit b di ng. AMD chuyn sang CPU 65nm v ha thu hp khong cch v sn xut vi Intel. K hoch xy dng nh my 32nm ti bang New York c cng b. Nm 2007, B x l 4 nhn Opteron v Phenom ra mt vi li TLB. AMD s tip tc a ra model Athlon 64 FX-76. Tuy vy, dng BXL ny c sn xut trn quy trnh c 90nm v AMD cho bit y s l nhng CPU cui cng c sn xut bng quy trnh 90nm. Ngoi vic tro ln nh cao tc , AMD cng hng n dng bnh dn khi ci tin socket AM2 ln socket AM2+ gim in nng tiu th v tng tc bus, d kin xut hin vo cui qu 2/2007. n qu 3/2007, AMD a ra kin trc CPU 65nm hng n tc , c tn m l Agena. dng Agena FX l n s chy tc bus 4GHz, cao hn gp i so vi cc dng FX v Athlon 64 c. BXL 4 nhn Agena FX s c cache L2 2MB chia s v cache L3 2MB (cache L3 c chc nng ging cache L2 nhng chm hn v chi ph thp hn). Theo thng tin khng chnh thc, s hiu

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ca dng BXL ny s l 8x v Agena FX s s dng nn Quad FX, c ngha l s s dng 2 socket, nh th h thng s c n 8 nhn x l. Thng 11, AMD cng b dng vi x l Phenom. BXL Phenom c sn xut trn quy trnh 65nm, c thit k 4 nhn ng ngha v cng ngh qun l in nng ci tin. H thng Phenom u tin th nghim l CyberPower Gamer Ultra CF 3870 gi 999USD, chy BXL Phenom 9600 2,3GHz v card ha ATI Radeon HD 3870. Nm 2008, AMD gii thiu b x l 3 nhn v pht hnh serie card ha 4800. Th h Barcelona Opteron th hai ra i hon ton khng cha li TLB. AMD bt u tham gia vo cc th trng mi cng nh xy dng quy trnh sn xut 200mm. Bt u sn xut b x l 45nm u tin. Ch tch kim CEO Dirk Meyer c b nhim lm CEO thay th Hector Ruiz. AMD tuyn b tch lm hai cng ty mt hng chuyn thit k chip v mt cng ty chuyn sn xut chip. Nm 2009, Tip tc pht huy nhng thnh cng ca dng sn phm vi x l ba/bn nhn AMD Phenom, AMD tip tc gii thiu b x l (BXL) Phenom II: Phenom II X3 720, Phenom II X4 810 v Phenom II X4 940. Trong Phenom II, nh cc transistor t kch thc 45nm nn mt transistor trn cc (die) BXL s cao hn - mi bn trong BXL Phenom II tuy kch thc ch cn 258mm2 nhng li c n 758 triu transitor (so vi BXL Phenom kch thc mi l 283mm2 nhng ch cha c 463 triu transistor). Hiu qu ca nhng thay i trn cho ra i nhng BXL tit kim in, gim c r r in nng v ha hn t mc xung nhp cng nh hiu nng cao hn so vi Phenom 65nm c th chm n (hin nay BXL AMD Phenom II X4 940 t n xung nhp 3GHz so vi 2,6GHz ca BXL mnh nht th h Phenom u tin Phenom X4 9950). C th ni, tuy khng c nhng thay i ln v mt kin trc nhng vi mt s ci tin quan trng, c bit l bc chuyn mnh t cng ngh 65nm ln cng ngh 45nm, cc BXL Phenom II bt u c nhng bc tin ng k v

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hiu nng cng nh vn tiu th nng lng so vi cc th h BXL trc kia ca AMD. Ngoi ra, mc gi kh hp l (cha n 300USD) dnh cho Phenom II c l cng s l mt ng lc hng ngi dng n vi dng vi x l cao cp nht ny ca AMD. Nm 2010, cui thng 3, AMD tung ra chip 12 li trong dng Opteron ca h. Theo AMD, hiu nng ca chip Opteron 12 li mi (tn m l MagnyCours) tng gp i so vi chip 6 li th h trc. Chip Magny-Cours cn c phin bn 8 li. Thng 4, AMD tung ra 2 BXL X6 c gi r hn ng k so vi BXL 6 li Core i7-980XM mi nht cho MTB ca Intel (c cng b hi thng 3/2010). BXL Phenom II X6 1090T chy tc 3,2GHz, cn BXL Phenom II X6 1055T chy tc 2,8GHz, c gi 199 USD (~3,75 triu ng). Phenom II X6 1090T s hu n 6 nhn (mi nhn tc 3,2GHz) v mc tiu th in nng ca X6 1090T cng thp hn ngi tin nhim (ch 125W thay v 140W). Mc cache L2 vn gi mc 512KB trnmi nhn v mc cache L3 vn l 6MB dng chung. Mt im mi trn BXL dng Phenom II X6 ny l cng ngh Turbo Core gip t ng nng xung nhp ca 3 nhn t mc mc nh 3,2GHz ln n 3,6GHz, gip tng hiu nng x l trong nhng tc v ngn nhiu ti nguyn phn cng. Tng t cc BXL Phenom II khc, X6 1090T hot ng trn c hai nn tng l AM3 vi b nh RAM DDR3 1333MHz ln AM2+ s dng RAM DDR2 Thng 11, hng bt u bn ra chip Fusion t tn in nng u tin dng trong laptop v netbook cho ngi dng c nhn II. So snh vi x l ca hai hng intel v AMD 1. Vi x l Vi x l (vit tt l P hay uP), i khi cn c gi l b vi x l, l mt linh kin in t my tnh c ch to t cc tranzito thu nh tch hp ln trn mt vi mch tch hp n. Khi x l trung tm CPU l mt b vi x l c

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nhiu ngi bit n nhng ngoi ra nhiu thnh phn khc trong my tnh cng c b vi x l ring ca n, v d trn cc mn hnh (video card) chng ta cng c mt b vi x l. Khi tm hiu v vi x l, chng ta thng quan tm ti mt s thng s k thut ca vi x l. hiu r hn ta xem xt nhng khi nim c bn bao gm: B nh m (cache): b nh trong ca VXL, lu gi d liu v lnh thng c truy cp p ng cc nhanh cho cc yu cu b nh. Chipset: Nhng linh kin phi hp lm vic cng vi VXL to thnh mt n v tnh ton cht ch. Tc xung (clock speed): tc m VXL thc thi cc lnh ca n, thng c o bng gigahertz (hng t chu k trong mt giy); mt tn khc l tn s ca VXL. Tn m (code name): Php t tn ca mt cng ty cho mt lot chip mi, c th lin quan n mt h VXL mi, v d Gulftown hay Deneb, vi kin trc nh Nehalem ca Intel hay mt nn tng nh Dragon ca AMD. Nhn (core): thnh phn ca VXL thc hin vic c v thc thi lnh ca chng trnh. bn dn (die): B mt vt l c dng ch to nhng vi mch bn dn. cng nh th cng tit kim chi ph sn xut v mc tiu th in nng ca chip. BXL ha (GPU-graphics processing unit): chip chu trch nhim x l ha v video. N c th nm trn VXL, thnh phn ca chipset trn BMC hay tch ring thnh card ha ri. Nan mt (nm) hoc micro mt (m): n v ny dng o khong cch gia cc kt ni transistor trn BXL. cm (socket): Giao tip in t trn bo mch ch ni gn BXL; thng tng thch gia cc th h chip. 2. So snh v tc (xung nhp ng h) Intel AMD

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Sn phm Pentium Pentium Pro Pentium MMX Pentium II Pentium III Pentium III xeon Pentium IV Celeron Core 2 Duo Core i3 Core i5 Core i7 950

Tc 60MHz-200MHz 150MHz200MHz 233MHz300MHz 233MHz450MHz 500MHz1,13GHz 500MHz933MHz) 1,4GHz -3,4GHz 266MHz433MHz 1.86GHz3.16GHz 2,13GHz3.06GHz 2.26GHz-3,2GHz 3.066GHz

Sn phm Am486 K5 K6 Athlon XP Athlon64 X2 Athlon 64 FX-76 phenom Phenom II Phenom II X3 720 Phenom II X4 810 Phenom II X4 970 Phenom II X6 1075T

Tc 25 MHz 120 MHz 35 MHz -116 MHz 166 MHz -300 MHz 200 Mhz 400 MHz 3,3GHz 2,2 Ghz 3 GHz 2,6GHz-2.8 GHz 2,8GHz-3GHz 2.8 GHz 3,0GHz (4 nhn) 3.5GHz 3GHz

3. So snh v socket/slot Intel Sn phm Pentium Pentium Pro Pentium II Pentium III socket Slot 1, slot 2 Socket 8 (387) Slot 1(242) Soket 370 Sn phm Am486 K6 Athlon XP Athlon64 Socket 7 (321) Socket A (462) Socket 754 AMD socket

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Pentium III xeon Pentium IV Celeron Core 2 Duo Core i3 Core i5 Core i7

Slot 2 (330) socket 423 v 478 478 v 775LGA Socket 775LGA Socket 1366LGA Socket 1156 socket LGA 1366

Athlon 64 FX phenom Phenom II Phenom II X3 720 Phenom II X4 810 Phenom II X4 970 Phenom II X6 1075T

Socket 939 Socket AM2+ (940) Socket AM2+ (940) Socket AM3 (938) Socket AM3 Socket AM3 Socket AM3

4. So snh v b nh m Sn phm Pentium Pentium Pro Pentium II Pentium III Pentium IV Celeron Core 2 Duo Core i3 Core i5 Core i7 950 Core i7 980 Intel B nh m cache L2 256KB 1MB cache L2 t 5121MB 512KB cache L2 512KB hoc 256KB cache L2 256KB cache L2 512KB L2 Cache Cache L2 4MB 4MB L3 Cache 2-8MB cache L3 8MB L3 cache 12MB L3 Cache AMD Sn phm Am486 K6 Athlon XP Athlon64 X2 Athlon 64 FX phenom Phenom II Phenom II X3 720 Phenom II X4 810 Phenom II X4 970 Phenom II X6 1075T 5. So snh mt vi thng s khc B nh m Cache L1 8KB Cache L1 64KB Cache L2 512MB 128k L1, 1 MB L2 1MB cache L2 2MB cache L2; 2MB cache L3 2MB cache L2; 6MB cache L3 6MB L3 Cache 4MB L3 cache 512KB L2 Cache; 6MB cache L3 3MB cache L2; 6MB cache L3

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Intel AMD Sn phm Tc bus CN Sn phm Tc bus CN Pentium 50/60/66MHz 350nm Am486 25-50MHz 500nm Pentium Pro 60/66MHz 350nm K6 166-233MHz 350nm Pentium II 66/100MHz 350nm Athlon XP 400MHz 130nm Pentium III 100/133MHz 180nm Athlon 64 FX 800/1000MHz 90nm Pentium IV 400/800MHz 180nn phenom 200MHz 65nm Celeron 100/133MHz 65nm Phenom II 200MHz 45nm Core 2 Duo 800/1333MHz 45nm Phenom II X3 4000MHz 45nm Core i3 2.5 GT/s 32nm Phenom II X4 4000MHz 45nm Core i5 2.5GT/s 32nm Phenom II X6 4000MHz 45nm Core i7 950 4.8 GT/s 45nm Core i7 980 4.8GT/s 32nm ( Gigatransfers per second, GT/s ) ch s ln truyn ti trn giy 6) So snh gi mt s loi vi x l Intel Sn phm Pentium IV 2GHz Core 2 Duo Core i3-540 Core i5-750 Core i7 980 Gi (USD) 562 113 - 266 145 199 999 AMD Sn phm Athlon II X2 255 Athlon II X4 635 Phenom II X3 720 Phenom II X4 945 Phenom II X6 1090T Nhn xt chung: C th thy Intel vn chim ch ng rt vng vng trn th trng Vit Nam vi th phn p o hn so vi AMD, iu ny mt phn cng do thng tin v sn phm ca AMD cn qu 'khim tn' ti Vit Nam. Bn cnh , b x l Intel vn c uy tn hn v cht lng i vi ngi dng mi tng lp v xut hin Vit Nam t lu v c h thng phn phi y quyn rng ln trn khp t nc gip cho vic mua hng cng nh bo hnh sn phm d dng v thun tin hn nhiu. Nhng AMD cng ang tin bc rt vng vng, vic pht hnh dng CPU 64-bit cho h thng desktop mang li u th cho h Gi (USD) 252 120 114 140 299

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v dnh c s ch ca ng o ngi dng. Cc sn phm mi ca AMD vn hp dn ngi dng nh hiu nng lm vic tt so vi gi thnh. Intel lun nhm n tc v nhm vo th trng cao cp. Ngc li, amd li gi gi thp v nhm vo i tng ngi dng ph thng. Xt ra AMD vn ch l mt 't hon' so vi Intel - nh khng l ang thng lnh th trng BXL. Nhng nhng g AMD ang lm khng th khng gy s ch cho nhng ngi hoi nghi v buc Intel cng phi lun mt ti. Nht l khi AMD cho ra l dng vi x l Althon nh bi Intel Pentium 4 th tn tui ca AMD thc s c khng nh. Tr li nm 1971, khi Intel gii thiu chip BXL u tin l 4004, BXL 4bit c tc xung nhp rt khim tn 104KHz. 35 nm sau, c sau 18 thng, tc xung nhp v tc x l u tng ln gp i. Tuy nhin, ngy nay, tc tng trng kiu nh vy tht kh t c. Cc nh thit k chip phi dng nhiu k thut v cch tip cn khc em li hiu nng cao hn cho BXL. Mt trong s l to ra bng thng rng hn trong mt chip BXL m khng phi tng tc xung nhp. Nhng k thut ny c th k n nh x l a lung, tn dng b nh cache... Nhng hin nay, cch thc c cho l ha hn nht l t thm nhiu nhn x l ln mt chip. Sau khi IBM gii thiu chip 2 nhn u tin vo nm 2001, b x l a nhn bt u c nhiu hng ch . chip 2 nhn c th cho tc tnh ton nhanh gp i so vi chip nhn n v chi ph thp hn nhiu so vi vic mua 2 chip nhn n. Vic lu chuyn d liu gia 2 BXL s nhanh hn nu 2 BXL nm cng trn mt chip v kh nng chia s b nh cache cng s hiu qu hn. Bn cnh , chip 2 nhn t chim khng gian, tiu th in nng t nn ta t nhit hn so vi dng 2 chip nhn n. Vi BXL 2 nhn, h thng c th chy trn tru nhiu chng trnh cng lc, tit kim c thi gian cho ngi dng, tng nng sut lm vic... III. Hiu nng vi x l ca hai hng intel v AMD hin nay

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V mt tnh nng, c hai nh sn xut u khng ngng ci tin v lin tc gii thiu nhng cng ngh mi. Bt u t siu phn lung, ri ti hai nhn, bn nhn v sp ti l su nhn, tm nhn! iu th v l AMD rt hay i tin phong trong cc cng ngh mi. V th, nh hng c th tranh th khong thi gian Intel ngh ngi chim lnh th trng. So snh v hiu nng ln tc th c th ni Intel khng th bng AMD vi cng ngh Hyper Transport c bng thng truyn dn d liu rt nhanh, k c chip Core i7 mi nht ca Intel (gi hn 5 triu cho dng Core i7 thp nht) vi bng thng truyn d liu bus 1156 Mhz cng khng so kp vi Hyper Transport 3.0 (5200 MHz) c AMD ra mt lu. So v tc thc ca CPU th Chip Phenom II x4 ca AMD sc cnh tranh vi Corei7 ca Intel vi gi di 3 triu ng, tr khi Corei7 bt chc nng Turbo Boost th Phenom II nh pha sau nhng vi kh nng h tr p xung khng gii hn th vic b xa Corei7 khi dng Turbo Boost cng khng c g l ngc nhin. Ro cn ln nht ca AMD khi cnh tranh vi Intel l s ph bin ca Intel v thi quen ci no gi thnh cao hn th ci tt hn ca ngi dng. Khi em so snh v lng in nng tiu th chng ta c th d dng nhn thy lng in nng tiu th ca Core i7 cao hn AMD Phenom II n 5W (130W ca Core i7 so vi 125W ca Phenom II).

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