Mc lc I.

Gii thiu t vn Cc phng php o nhit Nhim v thit k Tng quan v phn cng S khi Gii thiu v cc thit b. 2.1. LM335 2.2. ADC0809 2.3. B vi x l 8051 2.4. Khi phm n 2.5. Hin th Led 2.6. RS 232 2.7. Ngun III. Phn mm 1. Lu thut ton 1.1 Lu thut ton c ADC 1.2 Lu thut ton phc v ngt phm 1.3 Lu kim tra 1.4 Lu truyn tin 2. Phn mm chng trnh IV. nh gi sai s V. Kt lun,ti liu tham kho 1. 2. 3. II. 1. 2.

I.

Gii thiu

1. t vn Nhit l mt trong nhng i lng vt l c quan tm nhiu nht. Bi v nhit c vai tr quyt nh trong nhiu tnh cht ca vt cht. Mt trong nhng c im tc ng ca nhit l lm thay i mt cch lin tc cc i lng chu s nh hng ca n,v d nh p sut ,th tch ca mt cht kh . Bi vy, trong cc nghin cu khoa hc , trong cng nghip v i sng hng ngy vic o nhit l iu rt cn thit. Tuy nhin, o c tr s chnh xc ca nhit li l vn khng n gin. Cng vi s ra i v pht trin mnh m ca cc h vi x l,vic o nhit p dng vi x l,vi iu khin m ra nhiu hng,a n nhiu phng php khc nhau,linh hot v chnh xc hn. C nhiu cch o nhit , trong c th lit k mt s phng php sau y: - Phng php quang da trn s phn b bc x nhit do dao ng nhit (do hiu ng Doppler). -Phng php c da trn s dn n ca vt rn , ca cht lng hoc kh (vi p sut khng i ) , hoc da trn tc m. -Phng php da trn s ph thuc ca In tr vo nhit , hiu ng Sbeck , hoc da trn s thay i tn s dao ng ca thch anh. 2. Cc phng php o nhit Trc tin ni v cc cm bin nhit , l cc cm bin c s dng vo cc qu trnh nhit nh: t nng, lm lnh, trao i nhit.v.v. .i lng vo ca cm bin nhit l nhit v i lng ra l tn hiu in (dng,p).Mt s cm bin thng s dng: +Nhit in tr : Nguyn l lm vic l c in tr thay i theo s thay i nhit ca n.Tu theo tc dng nhit ca dng in cung cp chy qua chuyn i ngi ta phn ra: Nhit in tr t nng v nhit in tr khng t nng Nhit in tr t nng ,dng in chy qua rt ln lm nhit ca n tng ln cao hn nhit mi trng(100C -800C), nn c s to nhit ra mi trng xung quanh, nh nhit dn, i lu, bc x . Nhit in tr khng t nng, dng in chy qua rt nh khng lm tng nhit ca in tr v nht ca n bng nhit mi trng. Nhit in tr loi ny dng o nhit v cc i lng c hc nh o di chuyn. Nhit in tr phn lm hai loi: Nhit in tr dy(nhit in tr ng,nhit in tr Platin, nhit in tr Niken) v nhit in tr bn dn. +Cp nhit in:Nguyn l lm vic da trn 2 hiu ng:Thomson v Seebek ng dng ca cp nhit in ch yu o nhit , ngoi ra n cn dc dng o cc i lng khng in v in khc nh: o dng in tn s cao,o hng chuyn ng v lu ng ca cc dng chy, o di chuyn , o p sut nh +Cm bin nhit dng c tnh diode v tranzitor o nhit l nhim v thng gp trong cc ngnh nhit hc, ho hc ,luyn kim...Tu theo nhit o m c th dng cc phng php o khc nhau.Thng thng nhit o c chia thnh 3 gii : Nhit thp, nhit trung bnh v nhit cao. nhit trung bnh v thp, phng php o thng l tip xc ngha l cc chuyn i c t trc tip ngay mi trng cn o. i vi nhit cao,o bng phng php khng tip xc, ngha l dng c o t ngoi mi trng o.

Mt trong s nhng cch l o nhit khng tip xc s dng cm bin LM335 3. Nhim v thit k Thit k h b VXL o nhit s dng VK89C51 v cm bin LM335 gii quyt nhng vn sau: - Thit k mch o nhit trong di t 0oC-100oC v hin th. - Cnh bo khi nhit ln hn 80oC v khi nh hn 20oC - Kt ni truyn thng tin o c vo my tnh - Vit chng trnh phn mm gii quyt nhng vn trn II. Tng quan v phn cng 1. S khi

Cm bin LM335

Mch khuch i

ADC

Khi hin th LED

VK 8051

Khi bn phm

PC

2. Gii thiu v cc khi 2.1 Khi cm bin LM335 LM335 l cm bin nhit c khong o t -400C n +1000C, chnh xc cao, tnh nng cm bin nhit rt nhy.Tn hiu ng ra tuyn tn vi tn hiu ng vo. Cng dng ca LM335: + LM335 c bin thin theo nhit l: 10mV/KO + C s n nh cao: 25OC ch c sai s 1%. + Ch tiu k thut: - Tiu tn cng sut thp. - Dng lm vic t 4.10-4A 5.10-3A - Dng ngc 15mA

Dng thun 10mA S bin thin ca in th theo nhit c hm VOUT = 0.01xTOK = 2.73 + 0.01xTOC + Cu trc ca b cm bin LM335 l loi cm bin c 3 chn tn hiu ra tng t

+5V Vout LM335 2.2 Khi iu chnh in p hay mch khuch i VR

u o di dng vi mch LM 335 l mt u o nhit n gin v chnh xc ,c in p li ra t l thun vi nhit ca u o. u o ny khng cn n linh kin ngoi nn khng cn chun li nhng nhit khc nhau .Trong vng nhit phng , chnh xc t c 0,250C .Dng in tiu th c 60uA nn c th b qua s tng nhit u o dng in nui to ra . Tng ng vi di nhit o di t 0oC-100oC th in p ra tuyn tnh l 2.73-3.73V.Ta iu chnh bin tr R20 250C th in p ra chn 2 ca cm bin l 2.98V. - in p ra ca cm bin l t 2.73-3.73V ,trong khi thang in p vo lm vic ca ADC0809 l 0-5V ,do vy ta cn tin hnh chun ha tn hiu trc khi a n ADC. .S mch thc hin vic nh trn .Nguyn l hot ng ca mch l: + Dng mt i t zener v mt ngun nui to ra in p n nh 5V. + in p ny c ni vi mt bin tr R21 ni t. Dng bin tr ny iu chnh in p vo b m l 2.73V. B m dng hn ch dng in trong mch . + Qua b m in p vn l 2.73V . in p ny c a n mt mch tr.

+ B tr c ni vi cc in tr nh hnh v . Gi tr ca cc in tr c cho nh trn hnh. Vi cch mc nh vy in p ra ca b tr l : Vout = Vin(+) Vin(-) Ta c : Vin(+) = 2.73 - 3.73 V Vin(-) = 2.73V Do vy : Vout = 0 - 1V Ta t c yu cu v in p. V cng hn ch dng in ta phi a in p ny vo ADC qua mt b m nh trn hnh v. Ta cn hin th kt qu ra LED ,mun vy cn c s ng nht : Nhit o( 0C ) M nh phn u ra ca ADC + in p li ra ca LM335 l 10mV / 0C + Do vy vn ny c gii quyt bng cch t in p cc chn Vref ca ADC thch hp. Nh ta bit ADC 0809 c 8 bt u ra nn c: 28 - 1 = 255 ( bc thang ) Ta s dng ngun 5V,v 1 bin tr to ra Vref(+) ca ADC0809 l 2.55V, Nn suy ra in p (ref)=2.55V . Kch c bc thang l : 2.55/ 255 =0.01(V) - in p a ti chn vo ca ADC l 0 - 1 V tng ng vi nhit u o ca cm bin l 0 - 100 0C - Tn hiu li ra ca cm bin 10mV / 0C. - Kch c bc thang 10mV 2.3 Khi chuyn i ADC - s dng ADC0809 C nhiu phng php chuyn i mt i lng tng t sang gi tr s nh: - ADC dng sng bc thang :lp ADC n gin ny s dng b m nh phn lm thanh ghi v cho php xung nhp y b m tng mi ln mt bc,cho n khi VAX # VA. ADC loi ny gi l ADC sng bc thang v dng sng ti VAX c tng bc i ln . ADC dng sng bc thang bao gm mt b m ,mt DAC ,mt b so snh tng t ,v mt cng AND iu khin . u ra b so snh dng lm tn hiu iu khin kt thc chuyn i EOC-tch cc mc thp *u im: +Tng i n gin +Ph hp vi cc ng dng tc chm. *Nhc im:Nu tng s bit tng phn gii thi khi ch cn thm 1 bit ,thi gian chuyn i tng gp i.Nh vy tng phn gii th thi gian chuyn i ko di.V th ADC loi ny khng ph hp vi nhng ng dng i hi phi lin tc chuyn i mt tn hiu tng t thay i nhanh thnh tn hiu s. - ADC lin tip-xp x(ADC0804,ADC0809...).

y l phng php c s dng rng ri , nhng mch in c phc tp nhng thi gian chuyn i ngn hn . Phng php ny c thi gian chuyn i khng ph thuc vo in p ng vo . VA VA + _
Clock Logic iu khin MSB LSB Start EOC

Thanh ghi iu khin

DAC

S khi chuyn i ADC dng phng php xp x lin tip Hot ng Khi tc ng cnh xung ca xung Start th ADC bt u chuyn i -Mch logic iu khin t bit c ngha ln nht ca thanh ghi diu khin ln mc cao v tt c cc bit cn li mc thp . S nh phn ra thanh ghi iu khin c qua mch DAC to ra in p tham chiu Va . Nu Va > Va th ng ra b so snh xung mc thp lm cho mch logic diu khin xa bit MSB xung mc thp Nu Va <Va th ng ra b so snh mc cao lm cho mch logic iu khin gi bit MSB mc cao . Tip theo mch logic iu khin a bit c ngha k bit MSB ln mc cao v to ng ra khi DAC mt in p tham chiu Va ri em so snh tng t nh bit MSB nh trn . Qu trnh ny c tip tc cho n bit cui cng trong thanh ghi iu khin . Lc th Va gn bng Va ng ra ca mch logic iu khin bo kt thc chuyn i . Nh vy mch i ra n bit ch mt n chu k xung clock nn c th t tc rt cao . Tuy nhin mch ADC xp x lin tip li khng th p ng vi tn hiu tng t vo bin i cc nhanh . - ADC chuyn i nhanh(MC10319,AD9010,... ) +B chuyn i nhanh (fast converter)l loi ADC c tc cao nht nhng s mch phc tp hn cc loi khc.Chng hn,ADC nhanh N bit cn 2N-1 b so snh,2N in tr v logic m ho cn thit. + B chuyn i nhanh khng cn tn hiu xung nhip v tin trnh chuyn i xy ra lin tc.

+ Thi gian chuyn i l thi gian cn thit xut hin mt u ra s p li mt thay i u vo tng t,ch ph thuc vo khong tr do truyn ca b so snh v b m ho.Do ADC nhanh c thi gian chuyn i v cng ngn ngi: VD:MC10319(Motorola)-8 bit: tc<20ns AD9010(Analog Devices)-10 bit: tc<15ns. Ngoi ra cn mt s phng php khc nh:ADC sng bc thanh ln/xung;ADC tch hp hai dc;ADC chuyn i in th thnh tn s; iu bin sigma/delta. TNG QUAN V ADC 0809: ADC0809 l b chuyn i tng t-s 8 bit 8 u vo tng t c dn knh bi 1 b dn knh tch hp sn trn chip ADC.Nh vy mt mt n khng cn b dn knh tng t ngoi ,mt khc li cho php c nhiu u vo hn, iu ny rt thun tin cho vic o ,gim st cc i lng vt l nhiu im o khc nhau. ADC0809 c 8 knh u vo tng t .Nh vy ADC0809 cho php gim st ng thi 8 b cm bin,8 knh u vo tng t c dn knh v c chn nh nh 3 chn a ch A,B,C . ADC0809 hot ng theo phng php lin tip-xp x. Cc c tnh: -D dng giao tip vi cc b vi x l -B dn knh 8 u vo vi logic a ch -Di in p u vo 5V v ngun cp 5 V Mt vi thng s k thut chnh: - phn gii: 8 bit -Sai s : +/- 1LSB -Ngun cung cp: 5V . -Cng sut: 15mW. -Tc chuyn i: <100us S khi cu trc bn trong ADC0809:

Cc chn ca ADC0809

S chn ca ADC0809 -Vcc: Chn cp ngun. in p ngun:5V -GND: Chn ni t. - Vref(+) v Vref(-) Hai chn a in p tham chiu. Thng Vref (-) ni t.Trong bi Vref(+) c ni vi ngun 5V v mt bin tr 10k ly ra Vref(+)=2.55V -IN0->IN7(Input):-8 knh u vo tng t. - ADDA,ADDB,ADDC l 3 chn chn knh u vo. A,B,C la 3 bit chn 1 trong 8 knh u vo ca 1 Multiplexer tng t c tch hp trong b ADC0809. -ALE(Address Latch Enable): Chn cht a ch (knh vo). - Start: Chn gi tn hiu bt u chuyn i. - EOC(End off Convertion):Chn nay gi tn hiu kt thc chuyn i. - OE(Output Enable): Chn gi tn hiu cho php ly s liu s u ra. - 01->08: l 8 chn tng ng 8 bit u ra ca s liu 8 bit c chuyn i. - CLK: Chn tn hiu Clock , gi tn hiu xung ng h ADC lm vic . CHC NNG & HOT NG CA ADC0809 * S khi chc nng ca ADC0809:

*ADC0809 th hin trn s trn c th dc chia theo chc nng thnh 2 mch con c bn.Hai mch con ny l mt b dn knh v mt b chuyn i A/D. -B dn knh s dng 8 kho tng t cng ngh CMOS chun cung cp mt trong 8 u vo tng t.Cc kho c iu khin chn,tu thuc vo s liu c cht thanh ghi a ch b dn knh (multiplexer address register) 3 bit. - Khi chc nng th hai l b chuyn i A/D lin tip-xp x,chuyn tn hiu tng t u ra ca b dn knh thnh mt t s 8 bit. u ra b dn knh s i n mt trong hai u vo ca b so snh. u vo kia nhn c t 1 thang in tr 256R c mc vo mt cy kho dng transistor MOSFET (MOSFET transistor switch tree).Logic iu khin b chuyn i s iu khin switch tree, a in p tng ng chy ra(funneling a particular tap voltage) n b so snh. t c s cho kt qu ca s so snh ny,b logic iu khin v thanh ghi lin tip xp x(SAR)s quyt nh in p c chn ly ra s cao hn hay thp hn gi tr hin ti trn thang in tr.Tin trnh(algorithm)ny c thc hin 8 ln trong 1 chuyn i,mi chuyn i cn 8 chu k ng h.Nh vy tng cng thi gian chuyn i l 64 chu k ng h. -Khi mt chu k chuyn i hon thnh,s liu kt qu c a vo b cht u ra 3 trng thi.S liu trong b cht u ra c th sau c th c c bi mt h thng tip nhn s liu(host system) bt c lc no trc khi kt thc chu k chuyn i tip theo .Kh nng 3 trng thi ca b cht cho php giao tip d dng vi cc h thng bus nh hng(bus oriented systems). -Thc hin hot ng ca cc b chuyn i ny bng mt b vi x l hoc mt s logic iu khin th rt n gin.Thit b iu khin u tin s chn knh vo. lm iu ny ,mt a ch knh 3 bit c p vo cc chn A,B,C;v chn ALE (Address Latch Enable) c a xung tch cc kho a ch vo thanh ghi a ch b dn knh.

Knh c chn IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7

C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

- bt u chuyn i,chn START c p xung tch cc. sn ln ca xung ny,nhng thanh ghi trong c xo v sn xung s chuyn i c bt u. Cn 8 chu k ng h trong mi ln xp x.D l khng c chuyn i trong qu trnh ,ADC0809 vn quay vng bn trong(internally cycling) qua 8 chu k ng h.Mt xung start c th xut hin bt c lc no trong sut qu trnh ny nhng s chuyn i s khng tht s bt u n khi b chuyn i quay vng bn trong n khi bt u chui 8 chu k ng h sau.Ch cn chn START c gi mc cao th s khng c chuyn i,nhng khi chn start c a xung thp s chuyn i s bt u trong khong thi gian 8 chu k . -u ra EOC c lt sn ln ca xung start.N cng c iu khin bi chu trnh gm 8 chu k ng h,nn n s xung thp trong khong thi gian 8 chu k ng h khi xy ra sn ln ca xung start . S thi gian ca ADC0809:

10

Kt ni cc chn ca ADC0809 vi VK8051 - V ch dng 1 u o nn 3 chn ADDA,B,C ta t mc 0 - 01-08 l 8 bit u ra c ni vi cng P0 ca 8051 - EOC ni vi ngt ngoi INT0 - ALE,START,EO c iu khin bi cc tn hiu READ/WRITE - u o nhit ni vo IN0. 2.4 B vi x l 8051 Tng quan cu trc 8051: MCS-51 l h vi iu khin ca INTEL. Cc nh sn xut IC khc nh Siemens, Advanced Micro Divices, Fujitsu v Philips c cp php lm cc nh cung cp th hai cho cc chp ca h MCS-51.Vi mach tng qut ca h MCS-51 l chp 8051, linh kin u tin ca h ny c a ra th trng. Chp 8051 c cc c trng c tm tt nh sau : _4KB ROM. _128 byte RAM. _ 4 port xut nhp (I/O port ) 8- bit. _ 2 b nh thi 16 bit. _ Mch giao tip ni tip. _ Khng gian nh chng trnh (m) ngoi 64K. _ Khng gian nh d liu ngoi 64K. _ B x l bt(thao tc trn cc bit ring r). _ 210 v tr c nh a ch, mi v tr 1 bit.

11

S khi ca chp 8051. 1) T chc chn ca MCS51:

S chn ca 8051 dng DIP.

12

T chc chn ca 8051 dng PQFP/TQFP v PLCC

a)

port 0 : chc nng trn chn t 32 n 39 trong cc thit k c nh (khng dng b nh m rng ) c hai chc nng nh cc ng IO. i vi cc thit k c ln ( vi b nh m rng ) n c kt hp knh gia cc bus ).

b) c)

port1 : l mt port I/O trn cc chn 1-8. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2 ... c th dng cho cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Port1 khng c chc nng khc, v vy chng ta c th dng chng trong giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi mt cch t do. Port 2 : l mt port cng dng kp trn cc chn 21 - 28 c dng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit k dng b nh m rng.

d)

Port 3 : l mt port cng dng kp trn cc chn 10 - 17. Cc chn ca port ny c nhiu chc nng, cc cng dng chuyn i c lin h vi cc c tnh c bit ca 8051 / 8031 nh bng sau : Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD TXD INTO INT1 TO T1 WR RD Chc nng chuyn i D liu nhn cho port ni tip D liu pht cho port ni tip Ngt 0 bn ngoi Ngt 1 bn ngoi Ng vo ca timer/counter 0 Ng vo ca timer/counter 1 Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi Xung c b nh d liu ngoi

e)

Chc nng ca cc chn trn port3 PSEN (Program Store Enable ) : 8051 c 4 tn hiu iu khin

PSEN l tn hiu ra trn chn 29. N l tn hiu iu khin cho php b nh chng trnh m rng v thng c ni n chn OE (Output Enable) ca mt EPROM cho php c cc bytes m lnh.

13

PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian ly lnh. Cc m nh phn ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua bus v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh ca 8051 gii m lnh. Khi thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni (8051) PSEN s mc th ng (mc cao). f) ALE (Address Latch Enable ) :Tn hiu ra ALE trn chn 30 tng hp vi cc thit b lm vic vi cc x l 8585, 8088, 8086, 8051 dng ALE mt cch tng t cho lm vic gii cc knh cc bus a ch v d liu khi port 0 c dng trong ch chuyn i ca n : va l bus d liu va l byte thp ca a ch, ALE l tn hiu cht a ch vo mt thanh ghi bn ngoi trong na u ca chu k b nh. Sau , cc ng port 0 dng xut hoc nhp d liu trong na sau chu k ca b nh. Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c dng l ngun xung nhp cho cc h thng. Nu xung trn 8051 l 12MHz th ALE c tn s 2MHz. Ch ngoi tr khi thi hnh lnh MOVX, mt xung ALE s b mt. Chn ny cng c lm ng vo cho xung lp trnh cho EPROM trong 8051. g) EA (External Access) :Tn hiu vo EA trn chn 31 thng c mc ln mc cao (+5V) hoc mc thp (GND). Nu mc cao, 8051 thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni trong khong a ch thp (4K). Nu mc thp, chng trnh ch c thi hnh t b nh m rng. Khi dng 8031, EA lun c ni mc thp v khng c b nh chng trnh trn chip. Nu EA c ni mc thp b nh bn trong chng trnh 8051 s b cm v chng trnh thi hnh t EPROM m rng. Ngi ta cn dng chn EA lm chn cp in p 21V khi lp trnh cho EPROM trong 8051.

h) i)

RST (Reset) :Ng vo RST trn chn 9 l ng reset ca 8051. Khi tn hiu ny c a ln mc cao (trong t nht 2 chu k my ), cc thanh ghi trong 8051 c ti nhng gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. Xtal1 & Xtal2 :Nh thy trong cc hnh trn, 8051 c mt b dao ng trn chip. N thng c ni vi thch anh gia hai chn 18 v 19. Cc t gia cng cn thit nh v. Tn s thch anh thng thng l 12MHz.

j)

Power: 8051 vn hnh vi ngun n +5V. Vcc c ni vo chn 40 v Vss (GND) c ni vo chn 20. Cp clock cho 8051

2. T chc b nh : B nh bn trong bao gm ROM (8051) v RAM trn chip, RAM trn chip bao gm nhiu phn : phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc bank thanh ghi v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.

14

Tm tt cc vng b nh ca 8051 Nh ta thy trn hnh, RAM bn 8051 c phn chia gia cc bank thanh ghi (00H-1FH), RAM a ch ha tng bit (20H-2FH) , RAM a dng (30H--7FH) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (80H-FFH). B nh ROM c 30 byte u tin c dnh cho bng vector ngt : RAM trn chip bao gm vng RAM a chc nng, vng RAM vi tng bit c nh a ch, cc dy thanh ghi (bank) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. a. Vng RAM a mc ch: C 80 byte, a ch t 30H n 7FH Bt c v tr no trong vng RAM ta u c th truy xut t do bng cch s dng nh a ch trc tip hoc gin tip. b. Vng RAM nh a ch: Chip 8951 cha 210 vi tr nh a ch in c 128 byte cha trong cc byte a ch 20H n 2FH (16 byte x 8 = 128 bits), phn cn li cha trong cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. Cng dng: + Truy xut cc bit ring r thng qua cc phn mn. + Cc port c th ng a ch tng bit, lm n gin vic giao tip bng phn mn vi cc thit b xut nhp n bit. c. Cc dy thanh ghi: C a ch t 00H n 1FH, 32 v tr thp nht ca b nh ni cha cc dy thanh ghi. Cc lnh ca 8951 h tr 8 thanh ghi t R0 n R7 (mc nh thuc bank 0 sau khi reset h thng) d. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR) Khng phi tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH u c nh ngha m ch c 21 a ch c nh ngha. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit bao gm: + PSW: c a ch l D0H Bit K hiu a ch M t PSW.7 CY D7H C Nh PSW.6 AC D6H C nh ph

15

C 0 Chn dy thanh ghi 1 Chnh dy thanh ghi 0 00 = bank 0: a ch t 00F n 07H 01 = bank 1: a ch t 08F n 0FH 10 = bank 2: a ch t 00F n 07H 11 = bank 3: a ch t 00F n 07H PSW.2 OV D2H C trn PSW.1 D1H D tr PSW.0 P D0H C kim tra chn l + Thanh ghi B: C a ch F0H c dng chung vi thanh cha A trong cc php ton nhn v chia. + Con tr Stack (SP) : l thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H, n cha a ch ca d liu hin ang nh ca stack. + Con tr d liu DPTR: - Dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc b nh d liu ngoi. - DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit c a ch 82H (byte thp ) v 83H (byte cao). + Cc thanh ghi port: - Port 0 : a ch 80H - Port 1 : a ch 90H - Port 2 : a ch A0H - Port 3 : a ch B0H + Cc thanh ghi nh thi: 8951 c 2 b nh thi/m dng nh khong thi gian hoc m cc s kin. - B nh thi 0: a ch 8AH (TL0 ) va 8CH (TH0) - B nh thi 1: a ch 8bH (TL1 ) va 8DH (TH1) Hot ng ca b nh thi c thit lp bi thanh ghi ch nh thi TMOD a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi TCON a ch 88H (ch c TCON c nh a ch tng bit) a. Thanh ghi ch nh thi TMOD: GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0 TMOD cha hai nhm 4 bit dng thit lp ch nh thi cho b nh thi 0 v b nh thi 1. TMOD khng c nh a ch tng bit m c thit lp mt ln bng phn mm u chng trnh. Bit 7 6 Tn GATE C/T B nh thi 1 1 M t -Bit iu khin cng. B nh thi 1 hot ng khi GATE c set bng 1 v /INT1 mc cao. - Bit chn ch m hoc nh thi. Xo bng 0 khi m s kin (tn hiu vo t ng h h thng trong chip), set bng 1 khi hot ng nh thi 5 M1 1 - Bit chn ch .

PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3

F0 RS1 RS0

D5H D4H D3H

16

M0

- Bit chn ch .

Tng t nh vy vi 4 bit ca b nh thi 0. Vi cc ch nh thi c chn: M1 M0 Ch M t 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 Ch nh thi 13 bit Ch nh thi/ b m 16 bit Ch nh thi/ b m 8 bit t np li Timer 0: TL0 l b nh thi/ m 8 bit iu khin. bi cc bit chn ca Timer 0 chun. TH0 l mt b timer 8 bit iu khin bi cc bit chn ca Timer 1. Cn Timer 1 dng khng hot ng b. Thanh ghi iu khin nh thi TCON: TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 Bit Tn a ch bit M t TCON.7 TF1 8Fh C trn ca b nh thi 1. c set bi phn cng khi c trn, c xo bi phn mm hoc phn cng khi b vi x l tr n trnh phc v ngt. TCON.6 TCON.5 TCON.4 TCON.3 TCON.2 TCON.1 TCON.0 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 8Eh 8Dh 8Ch 8Bh 8Ah 89h 88h Bit iu khin Timer 1. Set hoc xo bi phn cng timer 1 hot ng hoc ngng. C trn ca Timer 1. Set/ xo bi phn cng khi Timer/ Counter 0 trn hoc b vi x l tr n trnh phc v ngt. Bit iu khin hot ng ca Timer 0. C ngt bn ngoi 1 (kch khi cnh). Hot ng bi phn cng. C ngt bn ngoi 1 (kch khi cnh hoc mc). Hot ng bi phn mm. C ngt bn ngoi 0 (kch khi cnh). Hot ng bi phn cng. C ngt bn ngoi 0 (kch khi cnh hoc mc). Hot ng bi phn mm.

+ Cc thanh ghi ca port ni tip: Chip 8951 c 1 port ni tip truyn thng vi cc thit b nh cc thit b u cui hoc modem... + Cc thanh ghi ngt: c mt cu trc ngt vi 2 mc u tin v 5 nguyn nhn ngt. Cc ngt b v hiu ho sau khi Reset h thng v c php bng cch vo thanh ghi IE a chA8H. Mc u tin ngt c thit lp bi thanh ghi IP a ch B8H.

17

+ Thanh ghi iu khin ngun: PCON c a ch 87H. 3. Hot ng nh thi: L mt chui cc Flip-Flop ni tip nhau v nhn tn hiu t ngun xung nhp. B nh thi c lp trnh sao cho s trn trong mt khong thi gian nht nh v set c trn ca b nh thi = 1. Cc b nh thi s dng : - nh thi trong mt khong thi gian. - m s kin. - To tc baud cho cc port ni tip. Cc b nh thi c truy xut bng cch s dng 6 thanh ghi chc nng c bit.

SFR ca b nh thi TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1

Mc ch iu khin Chon ch Byte thp ca b nh thi 0 Byte thp ca b nh thi 1 Byte cao ca b nh thi 0 Byte cao ca b nh thi 1

a ch 88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH

a ch ca Bit C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng

4. Hot ng ngt: - L mt s kin, mt iu kin lm cho chng trnh hin hnh tm dng trong khi iu kin c phc v bi mt chng trnh khc. Ngt ng vai tr quan trng trong vic thit k, thc hin ng dng cc b vi iu khin. - T chc ngt ca 8951: . C 5 nguyn nhn to ra ngt: 2 ngt do bn ngoi, 2 ngt do b nh thi, mt ngt do port ni tip. . Khi xy ra 2 hay nhiu ngt ng thi hoc mt ngt trong khi ang thc hin mt ngt khc th ta s c 2 s x l cc ngt: S chui vng v s mc u tin. Ngt c cho php v khng c cho php

Bit IE.7 IE.6 IE.5 IE.4

K hiu EA ET2 ES

a ch bit AFH AEH ADH ACH

M t (0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php) Cho php/ khng cho php ton cc Khng s dng Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2 Cho php ngt do port ni tip

18

IE.3 IE.2 IE.1 IE.0

ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

ABH AAH A9H A8H

Cho php ngt do b nh thi 1 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1) Cho php ngt do b nh thi 0 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 )

* u tin ngt: Cc u tin ngt c lp trnh ring r c mt trong 2 mc u tin thng qua cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit c nh a ch bit. Bit K a ch M t hiu bit (0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php) IP.7 Khng s dng IP.6 Khng s dng IP.5 PT2 BDH u tin ngt do b nh thi 2 IP.4 PS BCH u tin ngt do port ni tip IP.3 PT1 BBH u tin ngt do b nh thi 1 IP.2 PX1 BAH u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1) IP.1 PT0 B9H u tin ngt do b nh thi 0 IP.0 PX0 B8H u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 ) X l ngt: Cc thao tc xy ra sau khi ngt: - Hon tt vic thc thi lnh hin hnh. - B m chng trnh PC c hon tt. - Trng thi ca ngt hin hnh c lu gi li. - Cc ngt c chn li mc ngt. - B m chng trnh PC c np a ch vct ca trnh phc v ngt ISR - SR c thc thi. Cc c ngt: Ngt C Thanh ghi SFR v v tr bt Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 0) IE0 TCON.1 Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 1) IE1 TCON.3 Do b nh thi 1 TF1 TCON.7 Do b nh thi 0 TF0 TCON.5 Do port ni tip TI SCON.1 Do port ni tip RI SCON.0 * Thanh ghi iu khin hot ng cng ni tip SCON: SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB RB8 Bit K hiu M t SCON.7 SM0 Bit 0 chn ch ca port ni tip. SCON.6 SM1 Bit 1 chn ch ca port ni tip.

TI

RI

19

SCON.5 SM2 Bit 2 chn ch ca port ni tip. SCON.4 REN Set/ xo bng phn mm cho php/ khng cho php thu. SCON.3 TB8 Bit pht 8. Bit th 9 c pht cc cc ch 2 v 3; c set hoc xo bi phn mm. SCON.2 RB8 phn mm. SCON.1 SCON.0 TI RI Bit pht 8. Bit th 9 nhn c c ngt pht; c xo bi C ngt pht. C ngt thu.

2.5 Khi phm n Khi phm gm 4 phm l :Func,DEC,INC,OK.Khi bm vo phm no VXL s gi chng trnh phc v ngt phm.Cc phm ny c dng tng v lu gi tr nhit . - Phm FUNC :lu gi tr cnh bo max - Phm DEC: tng gi tr nhit t - Phm INC: gim gi tr nhit t - Phm OK: lu gi tr cnh bo min Ta dng vi mach 74LS148 gii m phm.Khi n nt vi mch s pht ra 1 ngt cho VXL bit nhn m phm vo c im chnh ca vi mch 74LS148 -L 1 IC m ha c 8 ng vo song song.Mi ng vo s tong ng vi 1 m nh phn li ra song song qua 3 cng A,B,C -Cc li vo c cc chn X0-X7 l cc li vo u tin tch cc thp,chn EI l li vo cho php tch cc thp - Cc li ra gm c cc chn ADC l cc m ca u vo,chn EO l li ra cho php tch cc cao,chn GS s pht ra 1 ngt khi c phm c n EI H L L L L L L L L L X0 X H X X X X X X X L X1 X H X X X X X X L H X2 X H X X X X X L H H X3 X H X X X X L H H H X4 X H X X X L H H H H X5 X H X X L H H H H H X6 X H X L H H H H H H X7 X H L H H H H H H H GS H H L L L L L L L L A H H L H L H L H L H B H H L L H H L L H H C H H L L L L H H H H C 0 0 0 EO H L H H H H H H H H

Cc u vo t X4-X7 ,ta s c cc u ra A,B,C c m tng ng l Phm A B FUNC 1 1 DEC(-) 1 0 INC(+) 0 1

20

OK

2.6 Hin th Led S dng 1 LED 4digit hin thi nhit . Tn hiu t P2 ca khi Vi x l c ua qua b gii m LED 7 thanh 74LS47 n LED 7 thanh. Nhit mi trng c o trong khong 0OC n 100OC v hin th trn LED. 2.7 RS 232 Max 232 l mch truyn tin cng nghip khi Master gi Slave th m phin truyn tin.Vic truyn tin i xa mc in p TTL c th gy suy gim in p ,ln nhiu lm kh phn bit c tn hiu 0 hay 1 .iu ny lm sai lch thng tin nn truyn thng i xa phi tng mc in p Nhng mc in p ca cc mch s TTL l khcs vi mc in p ca my tinh nn cn c mch chun Cng ni tip RS232 l giao din dng cho nhiu mc ch o lng iu khin v nhiu ng dng iu khin khc.Trong PC cng ni tip thng l cc cng COM1, COM2.Vic truyn d liu qua cng RS232 c tin hnh theo cch ni tip tc l cc d liu truyn ni tip trn 1 ng dy ,cng RS232 d dng cho lin kt imim,gia 2 my tnh vi nhau hay gia my tnh vi ngoi vi Cc thng s k thut : - Tc truyn ti a l 20BAUD - Khong cch cc i l 15m - Mc logic 1l t -3 n -25V - Mc logic 0l t 3 n 25V - Tn hiu nhiu cho php 2V Cu trc cng ni tip kiu chn Chn Chc nng Vo /Ra

21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

DCD RxD TxD DTR GND DSR RST CST RI

IN IN OUT OUT GROUND IN OUT IN IN

Cu trc 1 Frame Bit start Bits Data Bit Parity Bit Stop

2.8 Khi ngun cung cp Ta dng 2 ngun 5V v 9V cp cho mch

22

2.9 S nguyn l tng th

+5

R9 EI 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10

R10

R11

R12 D

+5 6 7 9 R4 RES2 R5 RES2 R6 RES2 INT1 14 15 A2 A1 A0

74LS148 R1 RES2 J3 NPN R2 RES2 J4 NPN R3 RES2 J5 NPN +5 16 K1

VCC

GS EO

GND

U5

K2

K3

K4

+5

5 4 6 12 11 4011 10 9 8 7

1 3 2 4011 1 2 7

16 U7A GND VCC CLK EN R Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 3 4 5 6 CLK 4520 8

Q1B

Q1A

A1

A2

C C9 27uF dp d g e c

A3

J1 TA2 2M Hz C10 27uF

13 12 11 10 9 15 14

+5 U4

a b c d e f g

+5 16

BI/RBO RBI LT A B C D

GND

3 +5 2 Z1

4 5 3 7 1 2 6

2 W R19

R21

A K

R15 +5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 12 15 14 R13 10K 31 C3 19 18 TA1 11.092 RST RD WR 9 17 16 30PF 12 C4 1 1 21 30PF 2 2 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 11 U1 8051 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 INT1 INT0 T1 T0 EA/VP X1 X2 RESET RD WR RXD TXD ALE/P PSEN 10 11 30 29 RXD TXD P00 P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 U2 VCC 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 16 12 2 DAU DO 26 IN-0 IN-1 IN-2 IN-3 IN-4 EOC IN-5 IN-6 IN-7 ALE re f(-) GND re f(+) ADC0809 13 ENABLE START CLOCK ADD-A ADD-B ADD-C msb2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 lsb2-8 21 20 19 18 8 15 14 17 7 25 24 23 22 6 9 6 10 4 5 CLK Q2B 4001 RD INT0 3 1 Q2A 4001 2 WR 3 2

VCC

74LS47 8

R14

J2 R16 1 2 3 4 RG RG Vin- Vs+ Vin+ OUT Vs- Re f AD620 8 7 6 5

+9

DAU DO

R17 2

RST

GND

INT1 INT0

+5 C8 +

1UF C7 2 6 16 DB9 U8 R1 IN R2 IN T1 IN T2 IN C1+ C1 R1 OUT R2 OUT T1 OUT T2 OUT C2+ C2 12 9 14 7 4 5 MAX232 15 V+ VVCC 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 +

1UF 13 8 11 TXD 10 1 3 + C5 1UF RXD

GND

LM335Z

OUT

A 1 L5 LED

R7

Q4

+V

K5

L4 2 1

LED 2 A

R8 2

B R20 R18

+ C6 1UF

Title Size A2 Da te: File: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13-Ja n-2007 D:\DA Vixuly\TrUNG\donhie tdo.ddb Sheet of Drawn By: 8 Number Revision

III.

Phn mm 1. Lu thut ton

23

1.1 Lu thut ton

Start

P3.3=1

Call Key_sev

Call Delay To xung Start, ALE cho ADC Ch ngt ngoi EX0 (ADC bin di xong) To xung OE cho php c d liu t ADC Ct d liu ly t ADC vo thanh Ro Hin th nhit mi trng Kim tra nhit cnh bo

END

1.2 phc v ngt phm

24

Key-SRV

Cm tt c cc ngt gi n VXL Ct cc thanh ghi s dng c m vo thanh ghi ACC

ACC=0 0

Tang muc thap

ACC=0 1

Giam muc thap

ACC=1 0

Tang muc cao

ACC=1 1

Giam muc cao

RETI

25

1.3 Lu kim tra

T>Tma x

Gi Red_Led

T<Tmi n

Gi Blue_Led

RETI 1.4 Lu truyn tin SC_SRV

Cm cc ngt khc

RI= 1

Gi trnh phc v nhn byte

TI= 1

Gi trnh phc v ngt truyn

Cho php cc ngt

RETI

26

2. Phn mm chng trnh # Include 89c51 Org 00h ljmp Start Start : Mov SP,#6Fh mov IE,#00h mov PSW,#00h Mov R6,#20h Mov R7,#80h Mov TMOD,#01h mov P0,#0ffh mov P1,#00h Delay: Mov TL0,#00h Mov TH0,#00h Setb TR0 Again : jnb TF0,Again clr TF0 ret Delay1: nop nop nop nop nop ret Loop: jnc P3.3,Key_sev Lcall Delay setb P3.6 lcall delay1 clr P3.6 BD_xong: setb P3.7 ;tao xung EO cho ADC ;tao xung start cho ADC

;chon che do 16 bit

27

lcall delay1 clr P3.7 mov R0,P0 mov P0,#0ffh mov A,R0 Lcall Led_show clr P1.6 clr P1.7 lcall Canhbao ljmp loop Led_show : ;hien thi gia tri o thanh ghi A ra man Led Mov R5,A Anl A,#0fh Clr P1.0 Clr P1.1 Setb P1.2 Mov P2,A Mov A,R5 Swap A Anl A,#0fh Clr P1.0 Clr P1.2 Setb P1.1 Mov P2,A Ret clr c subb A,R6 jnc HT1 setb P1.6 HT1: subb A,R7 jnc HT2 ljmp Loop HT2: etb P1.7 ret Key_sev : Push Acc Mov A,P1 Swap A Cjne A,#00,Kiem_tra1

Canhbao:

28

Mov A,R6 Inc A mov R6,A Lcall Led_show1 ljmp ketthuc Kiem_tra1 : Cjne A,#01h,Ktra2 mov A,R6 Dec A mov R6,A lcall Led_show1 ljmp ketthuc Ktra2 : Cjne A,#02h,ktra3 mov A,R7 inc A mov R7,A lcall Led_show1 Lcall ketthuc ktra3: Cjne A,#03h,ketthuc mov A,R7 dec A mov R7,A lcall Led_show1 Lcall ketthuc ketthuc: Pop Acc Reti

; Truyen thong Mov TMOD,#20h Mov TH1,#0fdh Mov SCON,#50 Setb TR1 Send: Mov SBUF,A Wait: Jnb TI,Wait Clr TI

29

Ret End.

IV. nh gi sai s Sai s gp phi ca h VXL do cc sai s: -Sai s h thng:do s hiu bit sai lch hoc khng y v h o,hay do iu kin s dng khng tt nh:sai s do dc tnh ca cm bin,do cc i lng chun khng ng... v do x l kt qu o - Sai s ngu nhin:khng th xc nh do tn hiu,cc i lng nh hng nh gi sai s - B phn ngun c th cung cp ngun nui khng n nh gy sai s khong 1% - Cm bin c sai s 10C di o 0-1000C nn sai s ln ti 1% - Mch o c th do nh hng ngoi ,cc linh kin nh in tr,t,...c th gy sai s 1% - ADC gy sai s 1 bc lng t nn sai s l 1/28 = 0.39% - Sai s tng l = (12 + 22+ 32+42)1/2 =1.8% Vy sai s ca thit b ti a l 1.8% Nh vy sai s ca mch ch yu do phn tng t,cn phn s nh khng ng k.Ta c th d tnh c sai s v c phng php gim sai s

30

V. Kt lun,ti liu tham kho Sau 12 tun nghin cu ,thit k v c s gip tn tnh ca thy Hong S Hng chng em hon thnh cc yu cu c bn ca mn hc n Vi x l.Tuy bi tp ca chng em cn nhiu hn ch do s nghin cu ,tm hiu v VK,linh kin,thiu kinh nghim thc t nhng qua thc hin bi tp mn hc ny chng em hiu hn v cu to ,hot ng v ng dng ca VK,c bit l VK89C51.Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Hong S Hng v cc thy c trong b mn gip v to iu kin thun li cho chng em. Ti liu tham kho -K thut VXL v lp trnh Assembly cho h VXL- Xun Tin -H vi iu khin 8051-Nguyn Tng Cng

31